CN116183896A - 一种免疫组化单项染色方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种免疫组化单项染色方法,涉及免疫组化技术领域,包括如下步骤:(1)乳腺癌石蜡标本切片后进行抗原修复;(2)切片室温阻断后进行血清封闭;(3)切片血清封闭后进行COL11A1单抗孵育;(4)室温孵育酶标聚合物二抗后显色;(5)显色后进行封片处理完成染色。本申请选用COL11A1作为靶抗原,使得免疫组化单项标记染色法可以有效分辨乳腺癌微小浸润灶。COL11A1在标记乳腺导管原位癌细胞时显示强阳性,在浸润灶中显示弱阳,在乳腺癌旁组织表达更弱,可以明显区分原位和浸润灶,可用于早期浸润性乳腺癌的筛查。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及免疫组化染色方法领域,特别涉及一种免疫组化单项染色方法。
背景技术
随着乳腺癌筛查的普及,乳腺导管原位癌(ductal carcinoma in situ,DCIS)和导管原位癌伴微浸润(ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion,DCIS-MI)的检出率越来越高。DCIS-MI通常被认为是DCIS发展为侵袭性疾病的过渡阶段,且已有研究表明DCIS-MI的预后比DCIS更差。形态学上,DCIS是以有完整的外围肌上皮细胞层的存在为特点,而DCIS-MI是以外围肌上皮细胞层的缺失为诊断依据,外围肌上皮细胞层缺失处即为微小浸润灶。然而外围肌上皮细胞层本身特别小,难以观察缺失,因而从形态学上难以区分DCIS和DCIS-MI。
在HE染色或免疫组化单项标记法制备的切片上很难辨别微小浸润灶,导致难以区分DCIS和DCIS-MI。而在采用免疫组化双染法制备的乳腺组织切片样本中可以有效分辨微小浸润灶。免疫组化双染法是基于同一组织不同部位的抗原表达差异性,将两种抗体分别结合于同一切片组织的不同部位,再利用抗体结合不同的免疫酶系统,使得表达不同抗原的组织显示不同的颜色,通过形态学观察即可区分DCIS和DCIS-MI。但双染法中人工操作步骤多,人为干扰因素也较多,为了保证染色清晰且对比度高,必须保证两种颜色的深浅度要恰到好处,而对颜色深浅度的掌控主要取决于操作者的技术水平,对操作者的技术水平要求较高,大幅提高了人工操作难度,且双染快红显色后易溶于有机溶剂,必须采取水溶性封片剂,而水溶性封片剂封片容易产生气泡,不易观察。
CK7抗体和p63抗体作为乳腺及肌上皮常用的具有较高特异性和敏感度的抗体,常成对用于免疫组化双染法以制备切片样本。CK7是常用乳腺上皮细胞标记抗原,p63是乳腺肌上皮细胞标记抗原。双染法免疫组化切片中,导管原位癌的红色腺上皮周围有间断或连续的棕褐色肌上皮细胞围绕,浸润性区域红色腺上皮周围无棕褐色肌上皮细胞围绕。CK7/p63双染有助于乳腺浸润性癌和非浸润性癌的诊断与鉴别诊断,以及乳腺微小浸润癌的检测。
但是,p63标记乳腺导管肌上皮细胞核虽然没有背景,但细胞与细胞之间有胞质,会导致假阴性,影响观察者对肌上皮细胞层完整性的判断。而且细针穿刺等操作,可能人为的将DCIS细胞移位至周围间质或脂肪组织中,造成浸润假象。
COL11A1位于染色体1p21.1上,该染色体编码XI型胶原蛋白三条α链中的一条,并在骨骼发育和纤维形成的过程中发挥作用[Nallanthighal S,HeisermanJP,CheonDJ(2021):Collagen Type XI Alpha 1(COL11A1):ANovel Biomarker andaKeyPlayer inCancer.Cancers 13]。COL11A1的过表达与肿瘤转移、治疗抵抗以及多种癌症的不良预后相关,且COL11A1也被证明在乳腺癌中表达异常上调[Luo Q,LiJ,SuX,Tan Q,ZhouF,Xie S(2022):COL11A1 serves as abiomarker forpoorprognosis and correlates withimmune infiltration inbreastcancer.Frontiers in genetics 13,935860]。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题:针对免疫组化单项标记染色法无法辨别乳腺癌微小浸润灶的问题,选用COL11A1作为靶抗原,使得免疫组化单项标记染色法可以有效分辨乳腺癌微小浸润灶。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供以下的技术方案:
一种免疫组化单项染色方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)乳腺癌石蜡标本切片后进行抗原修复;
(2)切片室温阻断后进行血清封闭;
(3)切片血清封闭后进行COL11A1单抗孵育;
(4)室温孵育酶标聚合物二抗后显色;
(5)显色后进行封片处理完成染色。
优选地,所述乳腺癌石蜡标本切片方法为:将乳腺癌石蜡标本切片3μm,65℃烤箱烤片30min后常规脱蜡至水。
优选地,所述抗原修复的方法为pH6.0的柠檬酸抗原修复液高压热修复12min。
优选地,所述阻断的时间为5min。
优选地,所述血清封闭的具体方法为:使用山羊血清封闭15min。
优选地,所述COL11A1单抗孵育的方法为:直接向封闭切片的山羊血清中滴加COL11A1单抗,4℃孵育12~16h,孵育后PBS清洗切片。
优选地,所述COL11A1单抗在山羊血清中的稀释比例1:100。
优选地,室温孵育酶标聚合物二抗的时间为30min,酶标聚合物二抗孵育后PBS冲洗。
优选地,所述显色后进行封片处理的具体方法为:酶标聚合物二抗孵育后进行DAB显色,复染,分化,梯度乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明,中性树胶封片。
本发明获得的有益效果:
本申请发现COL11A1在标记乳腺导管原位癌细胞时显示强阳性,在浸润灶中显示弱阳,在乳腺癌旁组织表达更弱,可以明显区分原位和浸润灶,可用于早期浸润性乳腺癌的筛查。
COL11A1在乳腺原位癌中高表达,在浸润性癌中低表达,有助于乳腺浸润性癌和非浸润性癌的诊断与鉴别诊断,以及乳腺微小浸润癌的检测。本申请利用乳腺肿瘤组织中COL11A1蛋白的表达特性,将其应用于免疫组化单项标记染色法中,有效克服了免疫组化单项标记染色法无法分辨乳腺癌微小浸润灶的问题,充分发挥了单项标记染色的便利性和稳定性,仅需要标记一次COL11A1抗原即可达到双染法的分辨效果,避免了双染法中存在的步骤多、干扰因素多、操作复杂、不易观察、假阴性等问题。
附图说明
图1不同染色方法制备的组织切片对不同乳腺癌的图像呈现结果。
图2为STAT3作为乳腺癌单标在不同乳腺癌类型呈现的免疫组化染色结果。
具体实施方式
下面通过对实施例的描述,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明,以帮助本领域的技术人员对本发明的发明构思、技术方案有更完整、准确和深入的理解。
收集病理科10例乳腺癌组织样本,应用免疫组化检测COL11A1单项标记或CK7/P63双染法,检测乳腺癌组织中的微小浸润灶。
实施例1:COL11A1免疫组化单项标记染色法,具体步骤如下:
1)将乳腺癌石蜡标本切片3μm,65℃烤箱烤片30min后常规脱蜡至水;
2)pH6.0柠檬酸抗原修复液(福州迈新生物技术开发有限公司,MVS-0066)高压热修复(110~120℃,1.2~1.3个大气压)12min;
3)待其冷却至室温后,3%H2O2阻断5min以消除内源性过氧化物酶活性;
4)使用山羊血清封闭15min后滴加COL11A1一抗(1:100稀释,Proteintech公司,Cat No.21841-1-AP);
5)4℃冰箱内孵育过夜约16h,酶标聚合物二抗(DAKO公司,K5007)室温孵育30min,以上每步骤完成后用磷酸盐缓冲液PBS(福州迈新生物技术开发有限公司,TW-0821)清洗3次;
6)最后行DAB显色,复染,分化,梯度乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明,中性树胶封片,光镜下观察结果。
7)结果判读COL11A1蛋白阳性为深褐色胞浆着色。
对比例1:CK7/P63免疫组化双染法,具体步骤如下:
CK7/P63双染采用的是DS双染试剂盒(购自北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司),检测步骤如下:
1)脱蜡和水化石蜡切片,二甲苯中,2×10分钟;无水乙醇中2×2分钟;95%乙醇中,1×2分钟;75%乙醇中,1×2分钟;蒸馏水冲洗,置于PBS冲洗缓冲液中。
2)抗原修复高压锅中,加入柠檬酸抗原修复粉剂,高火预热;待修复液沸腾后将切片置于其中,并完全浸泡组织,盖好锅盖,扣上压力阀,高火继续加热;同时开始计时12分钟;计时结束后离开热源,放气降压后将高压锅移入冷水中冷却;待锅中液体冷却至室温后取出切片,PBS冲洗缓冲液浸泡清洗3×2分钟。
3)用免疫组化笔在距离组织周围2-3mm处画圈;PBS冲洗缓冲液浸泡3×2分钟。
4)根据检测需要滴加50μL组合一抗,37℃孵育60分钟或2~8℃孵育过夜;PBS冲洗缓冲液浸泡3×2分钟。
5)滴加50μL试剂2,37℃孵育30分钟;PBS冲洗缓冲液浸泡3×2分钟。
6)滴加50μL试剂3,室温孵育10-15min;PBS冲洗缓冲液浸泡3×2分钟。
7)滴加50μL试剂4,室温孵育5-10min;自来水冲洗。试剂2~4均为试剂盒中提供的现有商品化试剂。
8)复染苏木素染色液室温染色30~60秒,自来水冲洗干净,晾干。注意:需要控制苏木素染色液的染色强度。颜色过浅或过深都会干扰显色结果的观察。
9)水洗后返蓝。
10)自然晾干后,水溶性封片剂封片。
11)结果判读p63蛋白阳性为肌上皮细胞的胞核呈棕黄色,CK7蛋白阳性为腺上皮细胞的细胞浆显红色。
对比例2:其余均与实施例1相同,不同之处在于,将COL11A1单抗替换为STAT3单抗(1:100稀释,Proteintech公司,CatNo.60199-1-Ig)。
结果对比:
在10例中检测出明确的4例导管内癌,未见明确浸润性癌;2例导管内癌伴微浸润(≤1mm),4例广泛浸润癌。COL11A1在乳腺导管内癌细胞中均显示强阳性,在浸润灶中显示弱阳,而乳腺癌旁组织中大部分不表达,COL11A1单项免疫组化检测结果与CK7/p63双染结果一致,具体见图1。
在10例样本中,STAT3在所有乳腺导管内癌及浸润灶中均显示强阳性,在乳腺癌旁组织中大部分不表达,未检测出明显的表达差异,无法区分DCIS和DCIS-MI,具体见图2。
乳腺癌微小浸润一直是乳腺癌诊断病理中的难点,在常规HE染色情况下很难判断,一般依赖免疫组化法帮助鉴别诊断。COL11A1在乳腺原位癌中高表达,在浸润性癌中低表达,有助于乳腺浸润性癌和非浸润性癌的诊断与鉴别诊断,以及乳腺微小浸润癌的检测。
综上所述,COL11A1单标能够客观的显示出乳腺导管内癌的基本结构,在浸润性癌中表达较弱,可用于鉴别微小浸润灶,继而区分DCIS和DCIS-MI。
以上实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围,凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想,在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动,均落入本发明保护范围之内;本发明未涉及的技术均可通过现有技术加以实现。
Claims (9)
1.一种免疫组化单项染色方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)乳腺癌石蜡标本切片后进行抗原修复;
(2)切片室温阻断后进行血清封闭;
(3)切片血清封闭后进行COL11A1单抗孵育;
(4)室温孵育酶标聚合物二抗后显色;
(5)显色后进行封片处理完成染色。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的一种免疫组化单项染色方法,其特征在于:所述乳腺癌石蜡标本切片方法为:将乳腺癌石蜡标本切片3μm,65℃烤箱烤片30min后常规脱蜡至水。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的一种免疫组化单项染色方法,其特征在于:所述抗原修复的方法为pH6.0的柠檬酸抗原修复液高压热修复12min。
4.根据权利要求1中所述的一种免疫组化单项染色方法,其特征在于:所述阻断的时间为5min。
5.根据权利要求1中所述的一种免疫组化单项染色方法,其特征在于:所述血清封闭的具体方法为:使用山羊血清封闭15min。
6.根据权利要求1中所述的一种免疫组化单项染色方法,其特征在于:所述COL11A1单抗孵育的方法为:直接向封闭切片的山羊血清中滴加COL11A1单抗,4℃孵育12~16h,孵育后PBS清洗切片。
7.根据权利要求6中所述的一种免疫组化单项染色方法,其特征在于:所述COL11A1单抗在山羊血清中的稀释比例1:100。
8.根据权利要求1中所述的一种免疫组化单项染色方法,其特征在于:室温孵育酶标聚合物二抗的时间为30min,酶标聚合物二抗孵育后PBS冲洗。
9.根据权利要求1中所述的一种免疫组化单项染色方法,其特征在于:所述显色后进行封片处理的具体方法为:酶标聚合物二抗孵育后进行DAB显色,复染,分化,梯度乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明,中性树胶封片。
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