CN116179563A - 控制苹果果实中苹果酸含量的myb基因及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种调控苹果果实中苹果酸含量的MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因,含有MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因的重组过量表达载体和沉默载体,含有MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因的重组菌和转基因植物组织,调控苹果果实中苹果酸含量的MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因编码蛋白以及利用MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因在差异调控苹果果实苹果酸含量中的应用,本发明的MdMYB123能够增加苹果酸含量,而mdmyb123能够降低苹果酸含量;本发明的MdMYB123序列中的SNP位点与苹果酸含量显著相关。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于苹果分子遗传育种技术领域,涉及一种调控苹果果实中苹果酸含量的MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因。
本发明还涉及一种含有MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因的重组过量表达载体和沉默载体。
本发明还涉及一种含有MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因的重组菌和转基因植物组织。
本发明还涉及一种调控苹果果实中苹果酸含量的MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因编码蛋白。
本发明还涉及一种利用MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因在差异调控苹果果实苹果酸含量中的应用。
背景技术
苹果是一种在温带地区广泛种植的木本果树作物,是世界上消费量最大的水果之一。位居世界四大水果之一和我国四大水果之首。由于我国的气候条件、栽培条件等影响,我国也是世界上苹果生产第一大国。苹果的营养元素十分丰富,是人体获取维生素、矿质元素以及纤维素的重要来源。果实酸度作为调控水果风味和品质的重要因素之一,主要取决于水果中有机酸的种类和含量。而苹果酸是苹果中主要的有机酸,在成熟苹果果实中占总有机酸的90%以上,决定了成熟苹果果实的酸度。同时,在苹果驯化过程中发生了果实酸度由高到低的选择,也伴随着可溶性糖成分和含量的变化,而可溶性糖成分和含量是决定果实风味品质的重要因素。
果实酸度是一个由多基因控制的复杂性状。有研究表明,位于16号染色体顶端的苹果果实酸度QTL位点中的MdMa1与位于8号染色体上的另一个苹果果实酸度QTL位点中的MdSAUR37和MdPP2C与成熟期苹果果实中苹果酸含量显著相关。质子泵是一种位于膜上的蛋白质,能够介导H+跨膜转运。MdMa10编码P3A型质子泵,与MdMa1基因协同调控苹果果实中苹果酸的积累。而MdMa12是一种位于线粒体膜上的焦磷酸酶质子泵,过表达MdMa12可以显著增加苹果果实中的苹果酸含量。此外,位于液泡膜上的MdMa11和MdMa13基因分别编码P3A型和P3B型质子泵,这两类质子泵可以直接或间接介导H+的跨膜转运,从而调节液泡酸度。
MYB转录因子作为植物中最大的转录因子家族之一,广泛参与植物发育、激素信号传导和代谢物合成。MYB转录因子分为四个亚家族,即2R-MYB(R2R3-MYB)、3R-MYB(R1R2R3-MYB)、4R-MYB和1R-MYB。R2R3-MYB是这四个亚家族中最大的,它可能是由R1R2R3-MYB亚家族丢失了R1重复进化而来的。在矮牵牛中,编码PH4基因的MYB转录因子的突变导致液泡酸度降低。在柑橘中瞬时过表达CrMYB73基因可显著增加柑橘中柠檬酸含量。葡萄中的MYB5a/b可以增强液泡膜上VvPH5和VvPH1的转录,从而酸化液泡。而在苹果中,MYB1通过直接调节液泡膜上MdVHA-B1和MdVHA-B2的表达来控制果实中苹果酸的积累。MdMYB73可以调节与苹果酸相关的MdMa1、MdVHA-A和MdVHP1的表达,从而影响苹果酸在液泡中的积累和液泡pH值。MdMYB44通过抑制苹果中MdMa1、MdMa10、MdVHA-A3和MdVHA-D2基因的转录负调控苹果果实中苹果酸的积累。
本研究通过转录组分析,鉴定出了影响苹果果实酸度的候选基因MdMYB123;序列分析表明,位于最后一个外显子上的一个SNP(A/T),导致提前终止,命名为mdmyb123;二者在调节苹果果实酸度方面的功能不同;本研究丰富了苹果果实酸度分子遗传调控机制的理论基础。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供了一种调控苹果果实中苹果酸含量的MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因。
本发明所采用的第一个技术方案是,一种调控苹果果实中苹果酸含量的MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因,其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
本发明所采用的第二个技术方案是,一种调控苹果果实中苹果酸含量的mdmyb123基因,其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。
本发明所采用的第三个技术方案是一种含有MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因的重组过量表达载体和沉默载体。
其中采用同源重组的方法构建MdMYB123和mdmyb123的pMDC83过表达载体以及pTRV2沉默载体。
本发明所采用的第四个技术方案是,一种含有MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因的重组菌和转基因植物组织。
本发明所采用的第五个技术方案是,一种调控苹果果实中苹果酸含量的MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因编码蛋白,氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示。
本发明所采用的第六个技术方案是,一种利用MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因在差异调控苹果果实苹果酸含量中的应用。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明的MdMYB123能够增加苹果酸含量,而mdmyb123能够降低苹果酸含量;本发明的MdMYB123序列中的SNP位点与苹果酸含量显著相关。
附图说明
图1是本发明MdMYB123基因在苹果不同组织中的qRT-PCR分析得到的相对表达量图;
图2是本发明MdMYB123基因在‘秦冠’苹果不同发育时期中相对表达量以及‘秦冠’不同时期的苹果酸含量图;
图3是本发明MdMYB123基因在‘蜜脆’苹果不同发育时期中的相对表达量‘蜜脆’不同时期的苹果酸含量图;
图4是MdMYB123基因序列中SNP位点示意图;
图5是MdMYB123基因在‘秦冠’、‘蜜脆’杂交群体中该SNP位点与苹果酸含量的相关性分析;
图6是MdMYB123基因在苹果种质资源中该SNP位点与苹果酸含量的相关性分析;
图7是对照组(pMDC83和pTRV2空载)、过表达以及沉默MdMYB123和mdmyb123的‘王林’苹果愈伤组织;
图8是MdMYB123基因在对照组(pMDC83和pTRV2空载)、过表达以及沉默的‘王林’苹果愈伤组织中的相对表达量;
图9是对照组(pMDC83和pTRV2空载)、过表达以及沉默的‘王林’苹果愈伤组织中的苹果酸含量。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
MdMYB123基因在苹果不同组织中的相对表达量:
从‘蜜脆’植株上采集5个苹果组织,分别为盛开的花、根、成熟的叶、成熟的果实和茎部;将所有样品采后立即放到液氮中速冻,用于扩增MdMYB123以及苹果酸含量的测定;用天根生化科技有限公司生产的RNAprep Pure多糖多酚植物总RNA提取试剂盒提取植物总RNA,并使用宝日医生物科技有限公司生产的PrimeScriptTM 1st Strand cDNA SynthesisKit合成cDNA,按照试剂盒操作步骤进行操作;基因表达量使用Applied Biosystems ABI7500型定量PCR仪,定量引物为qRT-MdMYB123-F:AGGAAACAAATGCAGGGGGA,qRT-MdMYB123-R:AGTCGTCGTGGTTAATCTCCG;分析MdMYB123在这些组织中的表达量如图1所示,结果显示,MdMYB123基因在果实中表达量最高,其次是花、茎、根和叶。
实施例2
MdMYB123表达模式及与苹果酸含量的关系:
取‘秦冠’、‘蜜脆’苹果花后30天、60天、90天果实样品进行苹果酸含量测定以及MdMYB123含量测定,每个样品设三个生物学重复;苹果果实苹果酸含量测定方法如下:将转基因愈伤组织在液氮中研磨成粉末,取约0.1g置于2mL离心管中加入1.0mg的去离子水溶解,超声30min(室温下进行),置于离心机中,12000rpm,4℃离心15min,用0.22μM的滤膜过滤,取上清液;过滤后的上清液用于有机酸含量的测定;利用安捷伦1260高效液相色谱系统进行苹果愈伤组织有机酸的测定;测定参数设置如下:紫外检测器,检测波长210nm;色谱柱,C18反相柱(4.6x250mm);柱温40℃;流动相0.02mol/L KH2PO4,pH 2.4,流速0.8mL/min。
分析了MdMYB123在苹果‘秦冠’、‘蜜脆’三个发育阶段的表达水平;结果表明,‘秦冠’、‘蜜脆’在发育过程中表达量持续下降,这与果实发育过程中苹果酸含量的变化相一致。
实施例3
在‘秦冠’、‘蜜脆’杂交群体中SNP位点(A/T)与苹果酸含量的相关性分析:
在蔷薇科基因组数据库(https://www.rosaceae.org)的苹果基因组数据库GDDH13v1.1中获取MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因的编码序列。构建5’-ATGGGGAGAAGCCCTTG-3’/5’-TCAACTACTCTTTCCAACTCCA-3’引物序列的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs),用于苹果种质资源的筛选;利用混合线性模型,使用TASSEL 5.0进行候选基因关联分析;苹果种质的Q矩阵和K矩阵等群体结构与Liao等人2021年文章中一致;候选基因关联分析显示,A/T与苹果酸含量显著相关,p值分别为6.16×10-6和3.68×10-4,分别占2014年和2015年观察表型变异的9.45%和4.02%。
实施例4
MdMYB123与mdmyb123在‘王林’苹果愈伤中的过表达和沉默分析:
1.载体构建:
过表达载体使用pMDC83载体,利用同源重组方法构建;引物序列为:pMDC83-MdMYB123/mdmyb123-F:CGACTCTAGAACTAGTTAATTAAATGGGGAGAAGCCCTTG;pMDC83-MdMYB123/mdmyb123-R:CGGGCCCCCCCTCGAGGCGCGCCCACTACTCTTTCCAACTCCA;
具体按照下述步骤进行:经过测序的目的基因片段,通过PCR扩增添加pMDC83载体接头;选用载体上的酶切位点Asc I和Pac I对载体进行酶切,回收得到线性化载体。利用同源重组酶将线性化载体和目的基因片段进行连接;反应产物转化DH5α大肠杆菌感受态,涂板,挑取阳性克隆并检测。将阳性菌株提取质粒,应用冻融法将重组载体pMDC83-MdMYB123和pMDC83-mdmyb123导入到农杆菌EHA105中;
沉默载体使用pTRV2载体;截取该基因部分序列,通过PCR扩增添加pTRV2载体接头,引物序列为:pTRV2-MdMYB123/mdmyb123-F:TGCAGGGGGACTAATGTTTG;pTRV2-MdMYB123/mdmyb123-R:TGATTCAAGTCGTCGTGGTT;选用载体上的酶切位点EcoR I和BamH I对载体进行酶切,回收得到线性化载体;
利用同源重组酶将线性化载体和目的基因片段进行连接;反应产物转化DH5α大肠杆菌感受态,涂板,挑取阳性克隆并检测。将阳性菌株提取质粒,应用冻融法将重组载体pTRV2-MdMYB123和pTRV2-mdmyb123导入到农杆菌EHA105中。
‘王林’苹果愈伤的遗传转化与阳性鉴定:
首先进行苹果果肉愈伤组织的转化操作,步骤如下:将苹果‘王林’愈伤组织放入苹果果肉愈伤扩增培养基(液体)中,置于25℃恒温摇床中设置转速12000rpm培养10-15d;检测扩繁的菌液的OD值,用紫外分光光度计进行检测,OD600调至0.6~0.8为宜;将扩繁好的菌液在无菌条件下分装至50mL离心管中,用封口膜封紧管口,室温5000rpm离心5min;在无菌条件下倒去上清,将配置好的菌液重悬液等体积(与倒去上清等体积)加入离心管中,摇匀,倒入干净锥形瓶中;用无菌纱布将液体培养基中的苹果愈伤组织过滤收集,将过滤出的果肉愈伤组织转入配置好的重悬液中摇动侵染15min,再次用无菌纱布过滤,将苹果愈伤组织与农杆菌菌液分离,待苹果愈伤组织稍干之后接种到无抗生素的果肉愈伤组织继代培养基中共培养2d(以上步骤均在超净台中操作)。2天后用加入500mg/L的头孢霉素水清洗愈伤组织4~5次,每次清洗后均需用无菌纱布将果肉愈伤分离出来,同样待愈伤组织稍干之后再转移到果肉愈伤组织筛选培养基上铺成薄薄的一层;在培养室中避光筛选培养至长出粒状愈伤细胞团;培养一段时间后观察到长出粒状愈伤细胞团后,将其挑出置于果肉愈伤组织筛选培养基上培养15~20d后继代;将不同的粒状的愈伤细胞团作为不同株系,分别平铺培养;将转化pMDC83与pTRV2空载体的株系作为对照;利用实施例1中的定量引物对愈伤进行检测,结果如图8中qRT-PCR分析显示,过表达株系中MdMYB123和mdmyb123表达量显著上调,沉默株系中表达量显著降低。
过表达和沉默MdMYB123/mdmyb123的‘王林’苹果愈伤中的苹果酸含量测定:
利用实施例2中的高效液相色谱系统方法对‘王林’苹果愈伤中的苹果酸含量进行测定,结果如图9所示,过表达MdMYB123基因的苹果愈伤组织中苹果酸含量显著高于对照,沉默愈伤组织中苹果酸含量显著降低;然而,过表达mdmyb123基因的苹果愈伤组织中苹果酸含量显著低于对照组。
SEQ ID NO.1(SEQUENCE LISTING)
DNA
SEQ ID NO.2:
SEQ ID NO.3:
PRO
SEQ ID NO.4:
PRO
Claims (8)
1.一种调控苹果果实中苹果酸含量的MdMYB123基因,其特征在于,其核苷酸序列如SEQID NO.1所示。
2.一种调控苹果果实中苹果酸含量的mdmyb123基因,其特征在于,其核苷酸序列如SEQID NO.2所示。
3.一种含有权利要求1或2所述的MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因的重组过量表达载体和沉默载体。
4.根据权利要求3重组过量表达载体和沉默载体,其特征在于,采用同源重组的方法构建MdMYB123和mdmyb123的pMDC83过表达载体以及pTRV2沉默载体。
5.一种含有权利要求1或2所述的MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因的重组菌和转基因植物组织。
6.一种调控苹果果实中苹果酸含量的MdMYB123基因编码蛋白,其特征在于,氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.3所示。
7.一种调控苹果果实中苹果酸含量的mdmyb123基因编码蛋白,其特征在于,氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.4所示。
8.一种利用权利要求1或2所述的MdMYB123/mdmyb123基因在差异调控苹果果实苹果酸含量中的应用。
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