CN116179031B - 一种石墨烯钝化液及其制备方法以及锂电池软包铝塑膜和锂电池 - Google Patents
一种石墨烯钝化液及其制备方法以及锂电池软包铝塑膜和锂电池 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于钝化液领域,更具体地,涉及一种石墨烯钝化液及其制备方法以及锂电池软包铝塑膜和锂电池。该石墨烯钝化液包括:多层石墨烯1wt%‑20wt%、水性丙烯酸酯2.5wt%‑20wt%、硅烷低聚物0.1wt%‑10wt%、冰醋酸0.1wt%‑1wt%、醇类助剂2wt%‑5wt%、水溶性分散剂0.1wt%‑5wt%,余量为水;所述水溶性分散剂包括阴离子分散剂和非离子分散剂;所述石墨烯钝化液不含有铬。本发明的钝化液可赋予铝箔表面高附着力,在后期与尼龙、聚丙烯膜等膜材复合时可获得理想的复合强度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于钝化液领域,更具体地,涉及一种石墨烯钝化液及其制备方法以及锂电池软包铝塑膜和锂电池。
背景技术
锂电池软包铝塑膜中铝箔目前的处理工艺通常为三价铬或六价铬的钝化处理工艺,能够很好地抵抗电解液对铝材的腐蚀、破坏,提升铝材与胶水或者铝材与聚丙烯膜的结合力,但是由于铬元素的存在,对于环境和人体健康都存在安全隐患。石墨烯体系的钝化液,不仅能够满足软包铝塑膜对于初期结合力和耐电解液后的结合力的需求,对于环境也是无害的,石墨烯的主题是以C元素为基体的有机物,性能比较稳定,无论是钝化液的使用过程还是后期软包铝塑膜的废弃物的焚毁过程,都不会产生对人体有害的物质。
锂电池用软包铝塑膜中铝材目前的处理工艺基本为Cr3+的处理工艺,其能够提升铝材与胶水或者铝材与PP膜的结合力,但是由于Cr3+的存在,对于环境存在一定的安全隐患;同时钝化液的使用环境和软包铝塑膜的使用及废弃现象的存在,Cr3+可能会氧化成Cr6 +,对于环境和人体健康都存在安全隐患;在锂电池进行废弃处理时,一般采用焚烧的处理方法,在此过程中,Cr3+造成潜在的重金属离子污染的可能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供一种石墨烯钝化液,不仅能够满足锂电池软包铝塑膜对于铝箔所需的高附着力、高耐电解液腐蚀的需求,而且该钝化液不含铬等重金属物质。石墨烯主体是以碳元素为基体的材料,性能稳定,无论是使用过程还是后期锂电池软包铝塑膜废弃物的焚毁过程,不会产生对环境和人体有害的物质。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的第一方面提供一种石墨烯钝化液,该石墨烯钝化液包括:
多层石墨烯1wt%-20wt%、水性丙烯酸酯2.5wt%-20wt%、硅烷低聚物0.1wt%-10wt%、冰醋酸0.1wt%-1wt%、醇类助剂2wt%-5wt%、水溶性分散剂0.1wt%-5wt%,余量为水;
所述水溶性分散剂包括阴离子型分散剂和非离子型分散剂;
所述石墨烯钝化液不含有铬。
本发明的关键技术原理在于:
1、经硅烷改性的丙烯酸树脂作为载体,可将石墨烯组分沉积在铝箔表面,形成一层致密的耐腐蚀保护层。硅烷的羟基可与铝箔羟基形成耦合作用,有机官能团又能与丙烯酸酯羧酸基团发生反应,达到化学键合机理,从而提升钝化液与铝材、钝化液与胶水或PP膜之间的结合力。
2、使用乙醇、乙二醇、异丙醇等醇类溶剂,提升钝化液对于铝箔表面的润湿性能和钝化液自身的流平性,避免处理过程中出现锁孔的涂敷不良的问题。
3、阴离子和非离子分散剂结合作为钝化液体系的水溶性分散剂,产生电离排斥和空间位阻作用,达到更加优异的稳定分散、均匀混合的目的。
作为优选方案,该石墨烯钝化液包括:
多层石墨烯5wt%-20wt%、水性丙烯酸酯10wt%-20wt%、硅烷低聚物0.1wt%-1.2wt%、冰醋酸0.1wt%-0.8wt%、醇类助剂2wt%-5wt%、水溶性分散剂0.1wt%-1wt%,余量为水。
作为优选方案,所述多层石墨烯的颗粒粒径为0.2-5nm。
作为优选方案,所述硅烷低聚物选自乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和乙烯基三叔丁氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
作为优选方案,所述醇类助剂选自乙醇、乙二醇和异丙醇中的至少一种。
作为优选方案,阴离子型分散剂和非离子型分散剂的重量比为2.5-3.5:1,该用量范围下,可使石墨烯颗粒分散稳定,不易沉降,且体系具有较好的润湿性能,因此适当地提高了剥离强度。
作为优选方案,所述阴离子型分散剂选自环氧改性聚丙烯羧酸铵盐、马来酸聚合物钠盐和羧基改性丙烯酸聚合物钠盐中的至少一种。
作为优选方案,所述非离子型分散剂为醇乙氧基化物。
本发明的第二方面提供上述的石墨烯钝化液的制备方法,该制备方法包括:
(1)将硅烷低聚物与水混合搅拌;
(2)将步骤(1)所得物质与冰醋酸混合进行水解反应,保温搅拌;
(3)水解完成后,将步骤(2)所得物质与醇类助剂混合搅拌;
(4)将步骤(3)所得物质与水性丙烯酸酯混合搅拌;
(5)将步骤(4)所得物质与水性分散剂混合搅拌,得到母液;
(6)将步骤(4)所得母液与多层石墨烯混合搅拌,得到所述石墨烯钝化液。
作为优选方案,上述石墨烯钝化液的制备方法满足如下条件中的至少一个:
步骤(1)中,水的温度为1-5℃;
步骤(2)中,搅拌的时间为20-50min;
步骤(3)中,混合搅拌在室温下进行;
步骤(3)中,搅拌的时间为5-20min;
步骤(4)中,搅拌的时间为5-20min;
骤(5)中,搅拌的时间为5-20min;
步骤(6)中,搅拌的时间为20-50min;
搅拌的转速为200-400r/min。
本发明的第三方面提供一种锂电池软包铝塑膜,该锂电池软包铝塑膜中的铝箔采用上述的石墨烯钝化液进行处理。
作为优选方案,处理的方式包括:将石墨烯钝化液涂覆于铝箔表面。如可采用浸涂或者辊涂的方式进行涂布处理。优选地,涂布工艺进行前应确保使用高温淬火除油后的铝箔,如果铝箔表面含有油脂或者其它污染物,应考虑加入脱脂清洗除油的工艺,清洗烘干后再进行钝化剂涂布处理工序。
根据本发明,在一个具体的实施方式中,钝化液的施涂方法具体如下:
1)提供脱脂除油处理的铝箔基材层,所述铝箔层的厚度为10-80微米之间;
2)在所述基材层的两侧或单侧的表面上涂布配制好的石墨烯钝化液,涂布湿膜重量为5-10g/m2,干膜重量为0.1-1.0g/m2;
3)将涂布了钝化液的铝箔导入烘箱烘烤10-60s,烘箱温度为85-165℃,速度为20-100m/min,具体速度根据涂布重量、烘箱温度和设备参数调整。
4)对涂布后的铝箔经收卷得到卷膜成品。
本发明的第四方面提供一种锂电池,该锂电池包括上述的锂电池软包铝塑膜。
本发明的有益效果:
1、在软包铝塑膜生产、使用过程中,本发明的石墨烯钝化液较现行有铬钝化液无铬等重金属,避免了重金属对环境造成污染;且软包铝塑膜产品完全符合RoHS指令(2011/65/EU)。
2、本发明的钝化液可赋予铝箔高耐电解液腐蚀性能,达到与铬盐钝化液同等的抗酸水平。
3、本发明的钝化液可赋予铝箔表面高附着力,在后期与尼龙、聚丙烯膜等膜材复合时可获得理想的复合强度。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明一种软包铝塑膜内层的结构示意图。
附图标记说明:1-聚丙烯膜层、2-钝化层、3-铝基材层。
具体实施方式
下面将更详细地描述本发明的优选实施方式。虽然以下描述了本发明的优选实施方式,然而应该理解,可以以各种形式实现本发明而不应被这里阐述的实施方式所限制。相反,提供这些实施方式是为了使本发明更加透彻和完整,并且能够将本发明的范围完整地传达给本领域的技术人员。
本发明实施例及对比例中,百分比为重量百分比。
本发明实施例及对比例中,各组分的来源为:
本发明所使用的多层水性分散石墨烯原料,为深圳市清源纳米新材料有限公司改性产品,粒径在0.2-5nm,牌号为QYW-0160;本发明所使用的硅烷,其结构式为生产厂家为南京能德新材料股份有限公司;本发明所使用的冰醋酸化学方程式为CH3COOH,为河南建昌精细化工有限公司产品;本发明所使用的水溶性助剂为沧州卓亚化工有限公司产品,其它纯度在95%以上工业纯纯度以上的产品也可使用;本发明所使用的非离子型分散剂为醇乙氧基化物,为赢创产牌号Zetasperse179产品。
实施例1
1.制备石墨烯钝化液
a)将乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷加入温度为2℃的水中进行搅拌,同时缓慢加入冰醋酸进行水解反应,并一直保温搅拌30min。
b)待硅烷水解完成后,将温度上升至室温,将异丙醇溶剂加入上述水性硅烷水解后的反应釜内,并搅拌10min,转速控制在300r/min。
c)将水性丙烯酸酯缓慢加入上述水解后的硅烷低聚物水溶液中。
d)将马来酸聚合物钠盐、醇乙氧基化物混合液缓慢加入上述混合液中,并保持搅拌10min。
e)将10份多层石墨烯缓慢加入至上述混合液中,并保持搅拌状态30min,转速控制在350r/min。如此,可得到石墨烯钝化液。
石墨烯钝化液包括:多层石墨烯10%、水性丙烯酸酯15%、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷0.6%、冰醋酸0.4%、异丙醇溶剂3%、水性分散剂(马来酸聚合物钠盐0.3%+醇乙氧基化物0.1%)0.4%,余量为去离子水。
2.制备软包锂电池铝塑复合膜
a)铝箔使用日本轻金属公司的40微米厚合金型号为8021的O态软质铝箔。
b)采用辊涂方式在铝箔表面涂布上述钝化液。
c)将尼龙膜与铝箔暗面使用干式复合粘合剂复合,尼龙膜使用晓星化纤(嘉兴)有限公司的25微米厚的双向拉伸聚酰胺薄膜(BOPA),厚度25微米。粘合剂选用上海维凯光电新材料有限公司双组分聚氨酯粘合剂,重量配比为100:14,工作浓度为30wt%,涂布量为4.5g/m2。
d)将聚丙烯膜与铝箔另一面用聚烯烃树脂复合。聚丙烯膜由三层共挤流延聚丙烯组成,以嵌段共聚聚丙烯与聚丙烯弹性体(Sun铝箔lomer PC-480A)作为中间层,重量比为7:3,以无规聚丙烯与聚丙烯弹性体(巴赛尔特种290F)为热封外层,重量比为6:4,以无规聚丙烯和聚丙烯弹性体为粘结层,重量比7:3,并对该三层流延膜的粘结层面进行电晕处理(电晕值≥38mN/m),电晕值38mN/m,厚度45um,内层:中层:外层厚度比=1:2:1。聚烯烃树脂选用郑州卓尔泰新材料有限公司单组份粘结剂,其中主体树脂熔点95℃,固含量20wt%,涂布量为2g/m2,干燥温度120℃。
e)将该尼龙/铝箔/聚丙烯膜复合膜经75℃条件下熟化7天,即可得到铝塑复合膜产品,内层结构示意图参见图1。
3.电解液浸泡剥离强度测试
对制得的成品膜进行耐电解液腐蚀性测试,配置1mol/L LiPF6电解液(溶剂为碳酸二甲酯:碳酸乙烯酯:碳酸二乙酯=1:1:1),取表面平整、洁净、无皱折,宽15mm、长100mm的膜试样,将样品膜完全浸入电解液中并放置于85℃电热鼓风干燥箱中至规定时间,取出并用纸巾擦净残留电解液,测试铝箔/聚丙烯初始和经85℃电解液浸泡后的剥离强度。剥离强度测试按照标准GB/T 8808-1988的规定执行。
实施例2
与实施例1的不同之处在于,调整多层石墨烯、去离子水的含量。
具体地,石墨烯钝化液包括:多层石墨烯15%、水性丙烯酸酯15%、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷0.6%、冰醋酸0.4%、异丙醇溶剂3%、水性分散剂(马来酸聚合物钠盐0.3%+醇乙氧基化物0.1%)0.4%,余量为去离子水。
按同样的步骤制得钝化液、铝塑复合膜,以及测试剥离强度。
实施例3
与实施例1的不同之处在于,调整多层石墨烯、丙烯酸酯、去离子水的含量。
具体地,石墨烯钝化液包括:多层石墨烯15%、水性丙烯酸酯20%、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷0.6%、冰醋酸0.4%、异丙醇溶剂3%、水性分散剂(马来酸聚合物钠盐0.3%+醇乙氧基化物0.1%)0.4%,余量为去离子水。
按同样的步骤制得钝化液、铝塑复合膜,以及测试剥离强度。
对比例1
与实施例1的不同之处在于,调整多层石墨烯、丙烯酸酯、去离子水的含量。
具体地,石墨烯钝化液包括:多层石墨烯15%、水性丙烯酸酯2%、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷0.6%、冰醋酸0.4%、异丙醇溶剂3%、水性分散剂(马来酸聚合物钠盐0.3%+醇乙氧基化物0.1%)0.4%,余量为去离子水。
按同样的步骤制得钝化液、铝塑复合膜,以及测试剥离强度。
对比例2
与实施例1的不同之处在于,调整多层石墨烯、丙烯酸酯、去离子水的含量。
具体地,石墨烯钝化液包括:多层石墨烯15%、水性丙烯酸酯30%、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷0.6%、冰醋酸0.4%、异丙醇溶剂3%、水性分散剂(马来酸聚合物钠盐0.3%+醇乙氧基化物0.1%)0.4%,余量为去离子水。
按同样的步骤制得钝化液、铝塑复合膜,以及测试剥离强度。
对比例3
取适量Cr3+钝化液,按照上述的铝塑膜制备方法,将钝化液涂布于铝箔两面,制得铝塑膜并进行耐电解液剥离强度测试。
对比例4
与实施例2的不同之处在于,马来酸聚合物钠盐0.4%,醇乙氧基化物0%。
对比例5
与实施例2的不同之处在于,马来酸聚合物钠盐0%,醇乙氧基化物0.4%。
表1列出了经上述实施例和对比例制得的软包铝塑膜经电解液浸泡后,铝箔与聚丙烯膜之间的剥离强度。
表1
通过实施例1、2、3与对比例3比较,可以看到该石墨烯钝化液在特定配比条件下,能够提供和市售Cr3+钝化液几乎同等的耐电解液性能,且不含有Cr。
从对比例1和对比例2可以看到,丙烯酸酯含量过少,导致石墨烯沉积量过少而失去了对铝箔的保护作用,初始和浸泡后铝箔和聚丙烯的剥离强度显著下降;丙烯酸含量过高,丙烯酸与硅烷的交联度下降,且石墨烯所占比例减少,导致浸泡后铝箔和聚丙烯的剥离强度显著下降。
从实施例2、对比例4、对比例5可以看出阴离子和非离子分散剂结合因可使石墨烯颗粒分散稳定,不易沉降,且体系具有较好的润湿性能,因此适当地提高了剥离强度。
以上已经描述了本发明的各实施例,上述说明是示例性的,并非穷尽性的,并且也不限于所披露的各实施例。在不偏离所说明的各实施例的范围和精神的情况下,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说许多修改和变更都是显而易见的。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于锂电池软包铝塑膜的石墨烯钝化液,其特征在于,该石墨烯钝化液由以下重量百分数的组分组成:
多层石墨烯1wt%-20wt%、水性丙烯酸酯2.5wt%-20wt%、硅烷低聚物0.1wt%-10wt%、冰醋酸0.1wt%-1wt%、醇类助剂2wt%-5wt%、水溶性分散剂0.1wt%-5wt%,余量为水;
所述水溶性分散剂为阴离子型分散剂和非离子型分散剂;阴离子型分散剂和非离子型分散剂的重量比为2.5-3.5:1;
所述石墨烯钝化液不含有铬;
所述硅烷低聚物选自乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和乙烯基三叔丁氧基硅烷中的至少一种;
该石墨烯钝化液的制备方法包括:
(1)将硅烷低聚物与水混合搅拌;
(2)将步骤(1)所得物质与冰醋酸混合进行水解反应,保温搅拌;
(3)水解完成后,将步骤(2)所得物质与醇类助剂混合搅拌;
(4)将步骤(3)所得物质与水性丙烯酸酯混合搅拌;
(5)将步骤(4)所得物质与水性分散剂混合搅拌,得到母液;
(6)将步骤(4)所得母液与多层石墨烯混合搅拌,得到所述石墨烯钝化液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯钝化液,其中,
该石墨烯钝化液由以下重量百分数的组分组成:
多层石墨烯5wt%-20wt%、水性丙烯酸酯10wt%-20wt%、硅烷低聚物0.1wt%-1.2wt%、冰醋酸0.1wt%-0.8wt%、醇类助剂2wt%-5wt%、水溶性分散剂0.1wt%-1wt%,余量为水。
3.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯钝化液,其中,
所述多层石墨烯的颗粒粒径为0.2-5nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯钝化液,其中,
所述醇类助剂选自乙醇、乙二醇和异丙醇中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯钝化液,其中,
所述阴离子型分散剂选自环氧改性聚丙烯羧酸铵盐、马来酸聚合物钠盐和羧基改性丙烯酸聚合物钠盐中的至少一种;
所述非离子型分散剂为醇乙氧基化物。
6.权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的石墨烯钝化液的制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法包括:
(1)将硅烷低聚物与水混合搅拌;
(2)将步骤(1)所得物质与冰醋酸混合进行水解反应,保温搅拌;
(3)水解完成后,将步骤(2)所得物质与醇类助剂混合搅拌;
(4)将步骤(3)所得物质与水性丙烯酸酯混合搅拌;
(5)将步骤(4)所得物质与水性分散剂混合搅拌,得到母液;
(6)将步骤(4)所得母液与多层石墨烯混合搅拌,得到所述石墨烯钝化液。
7.根据权利要求6所述的石墨烯钝化液的制备方法,其中,所述制备方法满足如下条件中的至少一个:
步骤(1)中,水的温度为1-5℃;
步骤(2)中,搅拌的时间为20-50min;
步骤(3)中,混合搅拌在室温下进行;
步骤(3)中,搅拌的时间为5-20min;
步骤(4)中,搅拌的时间为5-20min;
步骤(5)中,搅拌的时间为5-20min;
步骤(6)中,搅拌的时间为20-50min;
搅拌的转速为200-400r/min。
8.一种锂电池软包铝塑膜,其特征在于,该锂电池软包铝塑膜中的铝箔采用权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的石墨烯钝化液进行处理。
9.根据权利要求8所述的锂电池软包铝塑膜,其中,处理的方式包括:将石墨烯钝化液涂覆于铝箔表面。
10.一种锂电池,其特征在于,该锂电池包括权利要求8或9所述的锂电池软包铝塑膜。
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