CN116162053A - 一种格列齐特-哌嗪共晶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C07D295/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring hetero elements
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- C07D295/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring hetero elements
- C07D295/027—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring hetero elements containing only one hetero ring
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及共晶和格列齐特药物技术领域,具体说是一种格列齐特-哌嗪共晶及其制备方法。
背景技术
格列齐特(Gliclazide),分子式为C15H21N3O3S,是一种磺酰脲类口服抗糖尿病药。为白色结晶或结晶性粉末,无臭,无味。格列齐特为第二代口服磺脲类降血糖药,作用较强,其机制与甲苯磺丁脲相似,即选择性地作用于胰岛β细胞,促进胰岛素分泌,并提高进食后的胰岛素释放,使肝糖原生成和输出受到抑制,有助于糖尿病微血管病变的防治。近年来研究还发现格列齐特还有强大的胰外治疗作用,使周围组织对胰岛素作用增强。可能是胰岛素受体后的生物效应加强的结果,同时肝糖生成与输出亦受到抵制,使格列齐特有胰外受体或受体后作用。
格列齐特在水、甲醇和乙醇中的溶解度非常小,尤其是格列齐特在水中的溶解度几乎测不出来,这对药物的提纯和体内吸收均有不利影响;共晶是由两种或两种以上中性分子通过分子间作用力微观结合在同一晶格中形成的具有特定物理化学性质的晶体,共晶能够改变晶体形貌、稳定性、吸湿性和水溶性等,因此成为改善格列齐特水溶性的有效途径。
因此研发格列齐特与其它物质的共晶,以改善格列齐特在水或其它溶剂中溶解度和稳定性,是目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
为解决格列齐特在水中或其它溶剂中溶解性差和稳定性差的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种格列齐特-哌嗪共晶及其制备方法。
本发明为实现上述目的,通过以下技术方案实现:
一种格列齐特-哌嗪共晶,是由格列齐特和哌嗪构成的共晶。
优选的,格列齐特-哌嗪共晶具有以下晶胞参数:晶系类别为单斜晶系;空间群为P21;晶胞长度a=6.3416(1),b=24.8034(4),c=6.5323(1);晶胞角度(°)α=90,β=100.553(4),γ=90;晶胞中的单元个数Z=2;F(000)=440.0。
优选的,格列齐特-哌嗪共晶具有以2θ角值表示的粉末X-射线衍射图,其中该粉末X-射线衍射图包含以下2θ角值:5.92,7.11,8.36,11.86,13.86,14.25,15.58,16.78,17.49,17.79,19.17,19.89,20.81,21.38,21.66,22.59,23.35,23.92,25.62,27.97,28.77,29.15,29.83,30.40,30.87,31.45,31.97,32.33,33.22,33.77,34.30,35.34,36.03,36.64,38.25,38.76,40.52,42.30,43.09,43.70,44.97,46.01,47.39,48.02。
优选的,制备上述的格列齐特-哌嗪共晶的方法,采用溶剂挥发法进行,包括以下步骤:将格列齐特和哌嗪加入到乙腈中,搅拌过滤,滤液置于25~35℃蒸发结晶,得到无色透明块状晶体,过滤,烘干,即为格列齐特-哌嗪共晶;
其中格列齐特和哌嗪的摩尔比为1:0.8~1.2;格列齐特和乙腈的质量体积比为10~20mg:1ml。
优选的,制备上述格列齐特-哌嗪共晶的方法,采用研磨法进行,包括以下步骤:将摩尔比为1:0.8~1.2的格列齐特和哌嗪置于球磨罐中,向其中加入乙醇,然后用球磨机球磨15~30分钟,得到白色粉末,即为格列齐特-哌嗪共晶;其中格列齐特和乙醇的质量比为1:0.2~0.5。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点:
本发明的格列齐特-哌嗪共晶是和格列齐特、哌嗪完全不同的新晶型,具有更低的熔点,并且大大增加格列齐特在水中或者乙醇中的溶解度,具有较高的水溶性和醇溶性,具有潜在的工业应用价值。
附图说明
图1为实施例1~8所得的格列齐特-哌嗪共晶的结构示意图;
图2为格列齐特、哌嗪和格列齐特-哌嗪共晶的衍射峰示意图;
图3为格列齐特-哌嗪共晶的DSC图;
图4为格列齐特的红外谱图;
图5为哌嗪的红外谱图;
图6为格列齐特-哌嗪共晶的红外谱图;
图7为格列齐特和格列齐特-哌嗪共晶溶出速率示意图;
图中1为格列齐特,2为格列齐特-哌嗪共晶,3为哌嗪。
具体实施方式
本发明的目的是提供一种格列齐特-哌嗪共晶及其制备方法,以下结合具体实施例来对本发明作进一步的描述。
实施例1
将32.3g格列齐特和68.8g哌嗪置于烧杯中,向其中加入3.23L乙腈,搅拌溶解,过滤,将滤液置于透明玻璃瓶中,瓶口用封口膜封住,并在膜上扎上小孔,将玻璃瓶转移至通风橱中,在25℃下放置结晶,得到无色透明块状晶体,过滤,烘干,即为格列齐特-哌嗪共晶。
实施例2
将32.3g格列齐特和103.2g哌嗪置于烧杯中,向其中加入1.62L乙腈,搅拌溶解,过滤,将滤液置于透明玻璃瓶中,瓶口用封口膜封住,并在膜上扎上小孔,将玻璃瓶转移至通风橱中,在35℃下放置结晶,得到无色透明块状晶体,过滤,烘干,即为格列齐特-哌嗪共晶。
实施例3
将32.3g格列齐特和86g哌嗪置于烧杯中,向其中加入2.15L乙腈,搅拌溶解,过滤,将滤液置于透明玻璃瓶中,瓶口用封口膜封住,并在膜上扎上小孔,将玻璃瓶转移至通风橱中,在30℃下放置结晶,得到无色透明块状晶体,过滤,烘干,即为格列齐特-哌嗪共晶。
实施例4
将32.3g格列齐特和90g哌嗪置于烧杯中,向其中加入2.50L乙腈,搅拌溶解,过滤,将滤液置于透明玻璃瓶中,瓶口用封口膜封住,并在膜上扎上小孔,将玻璃瓶转移至通风橱中,在28℃下放置结晶,得到无色透明块状晶体,过滤,烘干,即为格列齐特-哌嗪共晶。
实施例5
将32.3g格列齐特和68.8g哌嗪置于球磨罐中,向其中加入6.46g乙醇,然后用球磨机球磨15分钟,得到白色粉末,即为格列齐特-哌嗪共晶。
实施例6
将32.3g格列齐特和103.2g哌嗪置于球磨罐中,向其中加入16.15g乙醇,然后用球磨机球磨30分钟,得到白色粉末,即为格列齐特-哌嗪共晶。
实施例7
将32.3g格列齐特和86g哌嗪置于球磨罐中,向其中加入10g乙醇,然后用球磨机球磨20分钟,得到白色粉末,即为格列齐特-哌嗪共晶。
实施例8
将32.3g格列齐特和85g哌嗪置于球磨罐中,向其中加入15g乙醇,然后用球磨机球磨25分钟,得到白色粉末,即为格列齐特-哌嗪共晶。
对比例1
将32.3g格列齐特和86g哌嗪置于球磨罐中,向其中加入10g甲醇,然后用球磨机球磨20分钟,得到白色粉末,即为格列齐特-哌嗪共晶。
对比例2
将32.3g格列齐特和86g哌嗪置于球磨罐中,向其中加入10g二氯甲烷,然后用球磨机球磨20分钟,得到白色粉末,即为格列齐特-哌嗪共晶。
共晶结构由布鲁克ApexⅡCCD X-射线衍射仪测定,XRD数据由日本RigakuMiniFlex 600射线衍射仪收集,Cu-Kα管电压40kV,管电流15mA,扫描速度8°/min,对实施例1~8所得的格列齐特-哌嗪共晶进行XRD数据检测,其XRD谱特征峰出现在7.11°、13.86°、23.92°和25.62°,证明格列齐特-哌嗪共晶被合成出来。
实施例1~8所得的格列齐特-哌嗪共晶的结构示意图如图1所示,格列齐特、哌嗪和格列齐特-哌嗪共晶的衍射峰如图2所示,可以看出,格列齐特、哌嗪和格列齐特-哌嗪共晶的衍射峰有明显区别,其中格列齐特-哌嗪共晶的衍射峰在7.11°、13.86°、23.92°和25.62°有明显的新峰出现,相比格列齐特和哌嗪,格列齐特-哌嗪共晶在8~12°之间的峰均消失。
实施例1~8所得的格列齐特-哌嗪共晶的结晶学参数结果如表1所示,X-射线粉末衍射表征数据如表2所示。
表1实施例1~8所得格列齐特-哌嗪共晶的结晶学参数表
表2实施例1~8所得格列齐特-哌嗪共晶的X-射线粉末衍射表征数据
格列齐特-哌嗪共晶的DSC数据如图3所示,可以看出格列齐特-哌嗪共晶的熔点为149℃,而格列齐特的熔点为163-169℃,哌嗪的熔点为109-112℃,三者具有明显差异。
对格列齐特、哌嗪和格列齐特-哌嗪共晶进行红外光谱分析,数据由布鲁克TENSORII型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪测得,测定波数范围为4000~400cm-1,由图4~图6可以看出,共晶和原料药之间存在差异,格列齐特-哌嗪共晶在C=O双键伸缩振动区域(1815~1600cm-1)存在差异,格列齐特显示的C=O双键伸缩振动频率为1710.31cm-1,而格列齐特-哌嗪共晶显示其偏移至1596.91cm-1,结合晶体结构分析可知,上述位置的差异是由于共晶中格列齐特和哌嗪之间形成了N-H…O氢键相互作用,导致该区域的红外吸收光谱发生变化。
对格列齐特、实施例1~8所得格列齐特-哌嗪共晶和对比例1~2所得格列齐特-哌嗪共晶在水和乙醇中的溶解度进行检测,结果如表3所示。
表3格列齐特与格列齐特-哌嗪共晶溶解度数据表
格列齐特属于难溶性药物,在提纯过程中存在溶解度低的弊端,进而导致存在提纯过程中溶剂消耗量大的问题,并且对于格列齐特而言,仅仅通过升高温度是难以明显提高其溶解度的。由表3的结果可以看出,格列齐特在水中的溶解度非常小,无法测出,但是经过和哌嗪形成共晶后的溶解度可以增加到0.24g左右,大大提升了格列齐特在水中的溶解度。而格列齐特在乙醇中的溶解度经过和哌嗪形成共晶后提高97%以上,因此格列齐特-哌嗪共晶相比格列齐特具有较高的水溶性和醇溶性,为格列齐特的应用提供了广阔的前景。
由对比文件1~2所得的格列齐特-哌嗪共晶和实施例5~8所得的格列齐特-哌嗪共晶相比,水溶性和醇溶性数据均降低,这是由于格列齐特和哌嗪在研磨过程中乙醇的加入可以促进共晶中格列齐特和哌嗪之间形成N-H…O氢键,从而使格列齐特-哌嗪共晶的水溶性和醇溶性数据较高。
将实施例1~4所得格列齐特-哌嗪共晶各取10g混合均匀,得到样品1,进行热稳定性(5g)和光稳定性测试(5g);实施例5~8所得格列齐特-哌嗪共晶各取10g混合均匀,得到样品2,进行测试热稳定性(5g)和光稳定性测试(5g),对比例1~2所得格列齐特-哌嗪共晶也进行同样的测试;热稳定性数据,测试条件:60℃,40%湿度,加速实验10天后测试纯度;光稳定性数据,测试条件:25℃,冷白荧光灯,加速实验10天后测试纯度,纯度检测依据2020版《中国药典》,通则0512。测定有关物质含量,100%减去有关物质含量得到纯度数值,结果如表4所示。
表4光稳定性和热稳定性测试结果表
对于化学原料药而言,一般要求最大单杂含量不超过1.0%,总杂质含量不超过1.5或2.0%,小于0.1%的单杂可以忽略不计,因此对于微量杂质而言,1.0%的含量是比较大。特别对于加速实验,在通过苛刻的加速实验条件后,杂质含量往往会增大较多。而由表4的结果可以看出,采用本发明溶剂挥发法和研磨法得到的格列齐特-哌嗪共晶的热稳定性和光稳定性对比格列齐特晶体的数据更加优异,本发明的格列齐特-哌嗪共晶具有更好的热稳定和光稳定效果。
由上述实验可以看出,采用溶剂挥发法和研磨法均能得到同样的格列齐特-哌嗪共晶,以下采用溶剂挥发法得到的格列齐特-哌嗪共晶和格列齐特晶体进行溶出数据检测,步骤如下:
分别称取质量相同的格列齐特和格列齐特-哌嗪共晶投入结晶器中,随后向锥形瓶中加入200ml磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=7.2~7.4),在37℃下悬浮搅拌,搅拌速度为100rpm,于5、10、15、20、30、45、60、120、180、300min时间点取样,用0.22μm滤膜过滤,样品定溶稀释,采用2020版《中国药典》,通则0512液相色谱定量分析,结果如图7所示。
由图7中可以看出格列齐特-哌嗪共晶在5分钟内即可溶出,并且在60分钟能达到最大溶出速率,格列齐特-哌嗪共晶相比格列齐特晶体具有更快的溶出速率。
Claims (5)
1.一种格列齐特-哌嗪共晶,其特征在于:是由格列齐特和哌嗪构成的共晶。
3.根据权利要求1所述的格列齐特-哌嗪共晶,其特征在于:所述共晶具有以2θ角值表示的粉末X-射线衍射图,其中该粉末X-射线衍射图包含以下2θ角值:5.92,7.11,8.36,11.86,13.86,14.25,15.58,16.78,17.49,17.79,19.17,19.89,20.81,21.38,21.66,22.59,23.35,23.92,25.62,27.97,28.77,29.15,29.83,30.40,30.87,31.45,31.97,32.33,33.22,33.77,34.30,35.34,36.03,36.64,38.25,38.76,40.52,42.30,43.09,43.70,44.97,46.01,47.39,48.02。
4.制备权利要求1所述的格列齐特-哌嗪共晶的方法,其特征在于:采用溶剂挥发法进行,包括以下步骤:将格列齐特和哌嗪加入到乙腈中,搅拌过滤,滤液置于25~35℃蒸发结晶,得到无色透明块状晶体,过滤,烘干,即为格列齐特-哌嗪共晶;
其中格列齐特和哌嗪的摩尔比为1:0.8~1.2;格列齐特和乙腈的质量体积比为10~20mg:1ml。
5.制备权利要求1所述的格列齐特-哌嗪共晶的方法,其特征在于:采用研磨法进行,包括以下步骤:将摩尔比为1:0.8~1.2的格列齐特和哌嗪置于球磨罐中,向其中加入乙醇,然后用球磨机球磨15~30分钟,得到白色粉末,即为格列齐特-哌嗪共晶;其中格列齐特和乙醇的质量比为1:0.2~0.5。
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