CN116160074B - Vein-like dynamic micro-electrochemical machining device and method - Google Patents
Vein-like dynamic micro-electrochemical machining device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
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- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005459 micromachining Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/02—Electric circuits specially adapted therefor, e.g. power supply, control, preventing short circuits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a pulse-like dynamic micro-electrochemical machining device and a pulse-like dynamic micro-electrochemical machining method. The pulse-like micro-electrolytic machining method of the utility model is suitable for the micro-sized tool electrode which is continuously miniaturized and developed. When the metal difficult to process is processed, unstable and discontinuous electrochemical dissolution process caused by easy blockage of products in a processing gap can be improved by applying pulse-like waveform voltage to process, so that better processing and forming precision is obtained; the pulse-like waveform voltage can be obtained by a simple circuit design, and reverse current in the processing process can be restrained through the on-off of the double MOS tube, so that the electrolysis cost is reduced, and the pulse-like waveform voltage can be adapted to a plurality of complex high-end micro electrolytic processing environments.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an electrolytic machining method, in particular to a pulse-like dynamic micro electrolytic machining device and method.
Background
Micro-electrochemical machining is a method for dissolving and removing materials in an ionic form based on anode metal, and can theoretically achieve micrometer or even nanometer machining precision. The micro electrolytic machining process has the advantages of no tool loss, no heat influence layer on the surface of the machined workpiece, smooth structure surface, no internal stress, no crack, no limitation of material hardness in machining, etc. and the micro parts including micro gears, micro shafts, micro holes, micro grooves, etc. are produced in the method.
In recent years, along with the continuous development of electrolytic machining technology in China, the manufacturing quantity of some high-precision products is continuously increased. This makes the application of small gap electrolytic machining processes more frequent. However, some traditional continuous processing modes can not update electrolyte in a gap in time, excessive product accumulation in the processing gap seriously affects even distribution of conductivity, and processing precision can be affected. Therefore, the electrolytic machining is performed by adopting a pulse-like pulse waveform, the problem of product blockage in the small-gap machining process can be solved from the aspect of power supply, the flow field of the machining condition can be effectively improved, and the machining localization and the machining precision are improved.
In the aspect of micro electrolytic machining power supply, a pulse power supply can be adopted, and the pulse power supply is a power supply which is controlled to be turned on or off by a switch type power device and is used for converting direct current into a sequence pulse with a certain frequency, providing energy required by electrochemical reaction for electrolytic machining, further removing materials from a workpiece electrode and controlling the machining process. The conventional main circuit adopted by the current micro-electrochemical machining power supply comprises two topological structures of a chopper type and a power amplification type, wherein the chopper type is based on a switch on-off principle, an ultra-short pulse signal is generated by a signal generator to drive a single-path or double-path chopper device, and a stable and single direct-current voltage is output by the on-off action of the chopper device to be the ultra-short pulse voltage with the same frequency as the signal; the power amplification type is to directly amplify the ultrashort pulse signal generated by the pulse generator through a power amplifier, so as to obtain the ultrashort pulse voltage required by micro electrolytic machining.
Currently, the following aspects are mainly adopted for electrolytic exploration by adopting different pulse waveforms:
the method is characterized in that the tool electrode is processed in a rotating mode on 304 stainless steel by using direct current, sine, triangle and rectangle waveforms in the Western A university of industry, current densities of the four models are simulated, electrochemical processing experiments are carried out, and the processing precision of a direct current signal is the lowest, and the processing precision of a rectangular pulse signal is the highest. For continuous sine signals and continuous triangle signals, the processing precision is higher than that of a direct current power supply, and the processing efficiency is higher than that of a rectangular pulse signal;
yan Shanda proposes an electrochemical fine technique based on sinusoidal signals that replaces the traditional signals with sinusoidal signals that are more readily available. From the machining frequency of 10KHz to 105KHz, the diameter of the micropore is reduced from 24.20 mu m to 12.58 mu m, the machining side gap is reduced from 7.10 mu m to 1.29 mu m, and the machining precision can reach 1 mu m; the rectangular pulse plus differential circuit is utilized to obtain a real pulse waveform, compared with the rectangular pulse, the energy per pulse of the real pulse waveform can be reduced by about 6 times, and the processing gap can be reduced by about 11 times; the method of electrochemical micromachining using parabolic voltage signals reduces the pulse energy by one eighth compared to conventional rectangular pulses, reducing the machining gap by approximately ten times. The processing precision of the processed microstructure is better than that obtained by adopting an ultra-short pulse electrochemical micro-processing technology;
the utility model patent (patent number ZL 02285899.7) of the 'high-frequency group pulse power supply' disclosed by Beijing university application mainly comprises a voltage transformation and rectification circuit, an output control circuit, an overcurrent detection circuit, a chopper circuit and other modules; chopping the direct current which is applied to the IGBT collector by the voltage transformation and rectification device to output high-frequency group pulse voltage;
the application of the university of Qinghua discloses an utility model patent (patent number ZL 201410743850.0) of a micro-electrolytic machining power supply with auxiliary electrode inter-pulse output and a machining method, wherein the power supply outputs two paths of positive pulse signals with equal periods and unequal amplitudes by controlling the switching states of MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) tubes in an auxiliary electrode, a tool electrode and a workpiece electrode, and the auxiliary electrode is used for leading completely depolarized current into an electrolytic cell, so that the primary cell effect between the workpiece electrode and electrolyte can be quickly removed, the inter-electrode maintaining voltage is reduced to zero, and the passivation film on the interface between the workpiece electrode and the solution is quickly removed.
However, the existing electrolytic machining method adopting different pulse waveforms has the following defects:
although the conventional rectangular pulse voltage can be used for electrolytic machining of difficult-to-machine metal, machining blockage (during small-gap machining) is easy to occur, so that the machining morphology is inconsistent. When the electrolytic machining search is performed using a pulse waveform different from the rectangular pulse waveform, the overall energy of the waveform is smaller than that of a conventional rectangular pulse waveform, and although the machining accuracy can be improved, a part of the machining efficiency is lost. The high-frequency pulse waveform generated by directly using the function generator is amplified and then applied to electrolytic machining, which can lead to that reverse current in the machining process cannot be effectively eliminated, the machining power supply is easily damaged by the reverse current, and corrosion of a micro tool electrode is easily caused. The high-frequency group pulse can improve the electrolytic machining precision compared with the conventional rectangular pulse, but the essence of the high-frequency group pulse is to improve the frequency of the conventional rectangular wave and reduce the duty ratio of the whole pulse voltage, and the method is limited by the frequency threshold value constraint and cannot be further explored. The three-electrode high-frequency ultrashort pulse micro-electrochemical machining power supply can inhibit the loss of tool electrodes when being used for electrochemical machining, and improves the machining efficiency and stability, but the whole circuit of the method is complex, and is not beneficial to the application of finer electrochemical machining.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a pulse-like dynamic micro-electrochemical machining device.
A second object of the present utility model is to provide a pulsating micro-electrolytic machining method using the above-mentioned pulsating micro-electrolytic machining device, wherein the pulsating micro-electrolytic machining method is a method of directly applying a power voltage to a machining area under an electrolytic condition to improve a flow field environment of the machining area, does not require strict requirements on electrolytic machining equipment, and is adapted to a micro-sized tool electrode which is being continuously miniaturized. In addition, when the pulse-like power supply is adopted to process difficult-to-process metal, unstable and discontinuous electrochemical dissolution process caused by easy blockage of products in a processing gap can be improved by applying pulse-like waveform voltage to process, so that better processing and forming precision is obtained. In addition, the pulse-like waveform voltage can be obtained by a simple circuit design, and reverse current in the processing process is restrained through the on-off of the double MOS tube, so that the electrolysis cost is reduced, and the pulse-like waveform voltage can be adapted to a plurality of complex high-end micro-electrolysis processing environments.
The technical scheme for solving the problems in the prior art is as follows:
a pulse-like micro electrolytic machining device comprises a pulse-like machining voltage generating device, an electrolytic device, a display device and a control device, wherein,
the electrolytic device comprises an electrolytic cell arranged on a workbench, and a tool electrode and a workpiece electrode which are arranged on the electrolytic cell, wherein electrolyte is arranged in the electrolytic cell, the workpiece electrode is positioned below the electrolytic cell, and the tool electrode is positioned in the electrolytic cell and above the workpiece electrode;
the pulse-like state pulse processing voltage generating device comprises an adjustable function waveform generator F1, an adjustable power amplifier F2, a chopping module E, a power switching transistor Q1 and a power switching transistor Q2, wherein the adjustable function waveform generator F1, the adjustable power amplifier F2 and the chopping module E are sequentially connected; the positive electrode of the chopper module E is connected with the drain electrode of the power switch transistor Q1, and the source electrode of the power switch transistor Q1 is connected with the workpiece electrode; the negative electrode of the chopper module E is connected with the tool electrode, and the tool electrode is grounded; the drain electrode of the power switch transistor Q2 is connected with the source electrode of the power switch transistor Q1, and the source electrode of the power switch transistor Q2 is connected with the cathode of the chopping module E;
the display device comprises an oscilloscope and a microscopic observation module, wherein the oscilloscope is used for detecting and displaying waveforms generated in the pulse-like pulse processing voltage generating device; the microscopic observation module is used for observing the machining condition of the workpiece electrode in the electrolytic machining process.
Preferably, the microscopic observation module comprises a CCD microscope and a display, wherein the CCD microscope is used for observing the processing condition of the workpiece electrode in the electrolytic processing process; the display is connected with the CCD microscope and used for displaying the observation result of the CCD microscope.
Preferably, the electrolysis apparatus further comprises a Z-axis drive mechanism for driving the tool electrode to move along the Z-axis direction.
Preferably, the electrolysis device further comprises a current sensor, wherein the current sensor is used for detecting current in the electrolytic machining process in real time, and when a short circuit occurs, the control device controls the pulse-like machining voltage generation device to cut off the power supply.
A pulse-like dynamic micro-electrolytic machining method is characterized in that pulse-like pulse machining voltage generated by a pulse-like pulse machining voltage generating device acts on a workpiece electrode and a tool electrode in an electrolytic machining system to realize continuous electrochemical dissolution of the workpiece electrode; wherein,
at t when pulse-like pulse processing voltage is applied p During the period, the power switch transistor Q1 is turned on under the control of the gate driving signal G1, and the power switch transistor Q2 is turned off under the control of the gate driving signal G2; the workpiece electrode is connected with the positive electrode of the chopping module E, and the tool electrode is grounded; the workpiece electrode and the tool electrode form an electrolytic machining loop; the method comprises the steps that a voltage U between a workpiece electrode and a tool electrode is pulse-like pulse processing voltage, a circuit generates processing current I under the action of the pulse-like pulse processing voltage U, the surface of the workpiece electrode is dissolved, and the tool electrode generates hydrogen evolution reaction;
at zero voltage t n The power switching transistor Q1 is turned off under the control of the gate driving signal G1, and the power switching transistor Q2 is turned on under the control of the gate driving signal G2; the potential between the workpiece electrode and the tool electrode is zero, thereby accelerating depolarization between the workpiece electrode and the tool electrode; under the action of the pulse-like pulse processing voltage U, the tool electrode is used as a cathode to promote the surface of the tool electrode to generate hydrogen evolution reaction, and the surface of the workpiece electrode is not dissolved; the bubbles around the tool electrode are periodically generated, moved, collided and collapsed, so that the adhesive force of an electrolysis product on the surface of the workpiece electrode is weakened, hydrodynamic flow is generated, the mass and heat transfer process is enhanced, and the electrolysis product is accelerated to be discharged out of a processing area; the pulse-like processing voltage U acts on the electrolytic device to realize continuous and unblocked electrochemical dissolution of the workpiece electrode.
Preferably, in the electrolytic processing, in order to prevent the power switching transistor Q1 and the power switching transistor Q2 from being simultaneously turned on at different switching speeds, a dead time t is added to the gate driving signal G2 d 。
Preferably, the potential of the tool electrode is maintained at zero throughout the electrolytic machining process.
Preferably, the requirements for adjusting the processing parameters are met during the electrolytic processing by adjusting the frequency, duty cycle, processing voltage and processing time.
Preferably, during the electrolytic machining, the magnitude of the current between the tool electrode and the workpiece electrode is detected by a current sensor, so as to judge whether a short circuit occurs between the tool electrode and the workpiece electrode; when the current between the tool electrode and the workpiece electrode exceeds a set value, the control device immediately cuts off the power supply to interrupt processing, and simultaneously drives the tool electrode to return to an initial processing gap through the Z-axis driving mechanism to carry out electrifying processing.
Preferably, the power switch transistor Q1 and the power switch transistor Q2 are both N-channel insulated gate field effect transistors.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
1. the pulse-like micro electrolytic machining method is a method for improving the flow field environment of a machining area by directly acting power supply voltage on the machining area under the electrolytic condition, does not need to put strict requirements on electrolytic machining equipment, and is suitable for a micro-sized tool electrode which is continuously miniaturized and developed at present. In addition, when the pulse-like power supply is adopted to process difficult-to-process metal, unstable and discontinuous electrochemical dissolution process caused by easy blockage of products in a processing gap can be improved by applying pulse-like pulse processing voltage to process, so that better processing and forming precision is obtained. In addition, the pulse-like pulse processing voltage can be obtained by a simple circuit design, and reverse current in the processing process is restrained through the on-off of the double MOS tube, so that the electrolysis cost is reduced, and the pulse-like pulse processing voltage can be adapted to a plurality of complex high-end micro-electrolytic processing environments.
2. The pulse-like power supply (including but not limited to sine wave chopping waveforms, the power supply can amplify and chop special waveforms generated by any function generator) is introduced into an electrolytic machining system of the workpiece electrode and the tool electrode, so that periodic electrolytic corrosion of the surface of the workpiece electrode is promoted, the adhesion of an electrolytic product on the surface of the workpiece electrode is weakened through periodic generation and diffusion of bubbles and the electrolytic product, hydrodynamic flow is generated, the mass and heat transfer process is enhanced, and the electrolytic product is accelerated to be discharged out of a machining area; the pulse-like pulse processing voltage with the characteristics of output voltage period fluctuation and pulse output acts on the electrolytic device, so that continuous and unblocked electrochemical dissolution of difficult-to-process metal is realized, and finally, better processing and forming precision is obtained.
3. The pulse-like state micro-electrochemical machining method ingeniously utilizes the cooperation of the power switch transistor (MOSFET) to chop any amplified waveform generated by the adjustable function waveform generator, so that the pulse-like state pulse waveform is obtained, and the pulse-like state micro-electrochemical machining method has the characteristics of simplicity and low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a pulsation-like micro electrolytic machining device according to the present utility model.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the pulsation-like micro electrolytic machining device of the present utility model.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of t applied pulse-like processing voltage p And (3) electrolytic machining loop diagram during the process.
FIG. 4 is a zero voltage t n Is a graph of an electrolytic processing circuit during depolarization of (c).
Fig. 5 is a waveform diagram of the gate driving signal G1 and the gate driving signal G2.
Fig. 6 is a waveform diagram of the time-dependent pulse processing voltage of the generated pulse-like state.
Fig. 7 is an oscilloscope sample diagram of actual load processing, the upper diagram is CH1, the lower diagram is CH2, where CH1 is a voltage sample diagram and CH2 is a current sample diagram.
Detailed Description
The present utility model will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but embodiments of the present utility model are not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the pulse-like micro-electrochemical machining device of the present utility model comprises a pulse-like machining voltage generating device, an electrolytic device, a display device, and a control device.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the electrolytic device comprises an electrolytic cell arranged on a workbench, and a tool electrode and a workpiece electrode which are arranged on the electrolytic cell, wherein electrolyte is arranged in the electrolytic cell, the workpiece electrode is positioned below the electrolytic cell, and the tool electrode is positioned in the electrolytic cell and above the workpiece electrode.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the pulse-like pulse processing voltage generating device comprises an adjustable function waveform generator F1, an adjustable power amplifier F2, a chopper module E, a power switch transistor Q1 and a power switch transistor Q2, wherein the adjustable function waveform generator F1, the adjustable power amplifier F2 and the chopper module E are sequentially connected; the positive electrode of the chopper module E is connected with the drain electrode of the power switch transistor Q1, and the source electrode of the power switch transistor Q1 is connected with the workpiece electrode; the negative electrode of the chopper module E is connected with the tool electrode, and the tool electrode is grounded; the drain electrode of the power switch transistor Q2 is connected to the source electrode of the power switch transistor Q1, and the source electrode of the power switch transistor Q2 is connected to the negative electrode of the chopper module E.
Referring to fig. 1-7, the display device comprises an oscilloscope and a microscopic observation module, wherein the oscilloscope is used for detecting and displaying waveforms generated in the pulse-like pulse processing voltage generation device; the microscopic observation module is used for observing the machining condition of the workpiece electrode in the electrolytic machining process, wherein the microscopic observation module comprises a CCD microscope and a display, and the CCD microscope is used for observing the machining condition of the workpiece electrode in the electrolytic machining process; the display is connected with the CCD microscope and used for displaying the observation result of the CCD microscope; in this embodiment, the structures of the oscilloscope and the CCD microscope may be implemented using existing devices.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the electrolysis device further comprises a Z-axis driving mechanism for driving the tool electrode to move along the Z-axis direction, wherein the Z-axis driving mechanism can be a mechanical arm, and grabbing and lifting driving of the tool electrode are realized through the mechanical arm.
Referring to fig. 1-7, the electrolysis device further comprises a current sensor for detecting the current in the electrolytic machining process in real time, and the control device controls the pulse-like machining voltage generation device to cut off the power supply when a short circuit occurs.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, in the pulse-like micro-electrochemical machining method, the pulse-like machining voltage generated by the pulse-like machining voltage generator acts on a workpiece electrode and a tool electrode in an electrochemical machining system to realize continuous electrochemical dissolution of the workpiece electrode; wherein,
at t when pulse-like pulse processing voltage is applied p During the period, the power switch transistor Q1 is turned on under the control of the gate driving signal G1, and the power switch transistor Q2 is turned off under the control of the gate driving signal G2; the workpiece electrode is connected with the positive electrode of the chopping module E, and the tool electrode is grounded; the workpiece electrode and the tool electrode form an electrolytic machining loop; the method comprises the steps that a voltage U between a workpiece electrode and a tool electrode is pulse-like pulse processing voltage, processing current I is generated in an electrolytic processing loop under the action of the pulse-like pulse processing voltage U, fe on the surface of the workpiece electrode is dissolved, and hydrogen evolution reaction of the tool electrode is carried out;
the electrochemical reactions that occur at this time are as follows:
workpiece electrode:
Fe→Fe 2+ +2e - (1)
Fe 2+ +2OH - →Fe(OH) 2 ↓(2)
tool electrode:
2H 2 O+2e - →H 2 ↑+2OH - (3)
wherein the reaction product of the workpiece electrode is Fe (OH) 2 ∈possibly oxidized further to Fe (OH) 3 And ∈. At zero voltage t n During (depolarization period) the power switching transistor Q1 is turned off under the control of the gate driving signal G1, and the power switching transistor Q2 is turned on under the control of the gate driving signal G2; the potential between the workpiece electrode and the tool electrode is zero, thereby accelerating the workpiece electrode and the tool electrodeDepolarization between tool electrodes; under the action of the pulse-like pulse processing voltage U, the tool electrode is used as a cathode, so that the surface of the tool electrode can be promoted to generate hydrogen evolution reaction, and the workpiece electrode does not generate dissolution reaction; through periodical generation, movement, collision and collapse of bubbles on the surface of the tool electrode, the adhesion force of an electrolysis product on the surface of the workpiece electrode is weakened, hydrodynamic flow is generated, the mass and heat transfer process is strengthened, and the electrolysis product is accelerated to be discharged out of a processing area; the pulse-like processing voltage U acts on the electrolytic device to realize continuous and unblocked electrochemical dissolution of the workpiece electrode, and can avoid electrochemical corrosion of the tool electrode, so that better processing and forming precision is finally obtained; when the pulse-like pulse processing voltage acts on the electrolysis device, continuous electrochemical dissolution of difficult-to-process metal can be realized.
Fig. 5 shows waveforms of gate driving signals of the power switching transistor Q1 and the power switching transistor Q2; in order to prevent the power switching transistor Q1 and the power switching transistor Q2 of the upper bridge and the lower bridge from being turned on at the same time at different switching speeds, the dead time td is added to the gate driving signal G2, and since it is one process that the MOS transistor is turned on or off, if the process is 1 second, the MOS transistor is still in the original state in this second, if the on and off times of the power switching transistor Q1 and the power switching transistor Q2 are too close, it is necessary to set an interval greater than 1 second in the middle at the time when the power switching transistor Q1 and the power switching transistor Q2 are simultaneously turned on, so that the situation that the power switching transistor Q1 and the power switching transistor Q2 are simultaneously turned on can be avoided, and therefore, the dead time td is added to the gate driving signal G2 or the gate driving signal G1. In the whole electrolytic machining process, the potential of the tool electrode is always kept to be zero (the lowest potential), so that electrochemical corrosion of the tool electrode can be avoided, and finally, better machining and forming precision is obtained.
Referring to fig. 1, a main control chip FPGA of a control device of the pulse-like micro-electrochemical machining device of the present utility model adopts EP4CE6E22C8 of cycloniv of Altera to send out an ultrashort pulse signal, and after isolation and driving of an amplifying circuit, the power switching transistor Q1 and the power switching transistor Q2 are controlled to output an adjustable pulse-like pulse machining voltage U for sine voltage chopping; in order to conveniently control the frequency and the duty ratio of the pulse-like machining voltage U, thereby meeting the requirement of adjusting machining parameters, 4 keys for adjusting the frequency and the duty ratio are added in the pulse-like micro-electrolytic machining device.
In addition, in the electrolytic machining process, the current sensor is used for detecting the current between the tool electrode and the workpiece electrode so as to judge whether a short circuit occurs between the tool electrode and the workpiece electrode; when the current between the tool electrode and the workpiece electrode exceeds a set value, the control device immediately cuts off the power supply to interrupt processing, and simultaneously drives the tool electrode to return to an initial processing gap through the Z-axis driving mechanism to carry out electrifying processing.
In this embodiment, the power switching transistor Q1 and the power switching transistor Q2 are both N-channel insulated gate field effect transistors.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the pulse-like pulse waveform generated by the utility model has the characteristic that the output voltage generates periodic jitter along with time, and the amplitude, period, bias size and initial non-chopped waveform of the pulse waveform are adjustable and controllable.
In fig. 5 to 6, T is the overall period of the pulse-like pulse waveform, a is the voltage fluctuation amplitude of the pulse-like region, and P is the bias amplitude of the overall pulse-like pulse waveform.
Fig. 7 is an oscilloscope sample diagram of actual load processing, wherein the upper diagram is CH1, the lower diagram is CH2, CH1 is a voltage sample diagram, and CH2 is a current sample diagram; the bottom is identified as the ordinate unit of each big lattice of the two data, where the abscissa is the uniform M25.0 microseconds.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present utility model, and is not to be construed as limiting thereof, but rather as merely providing for the purpose of teaching herein before described various modifications, alternatives, variations and alternatives, as well as variations and alternatives, without departing from the spirit and principles of the utility model.
Claims (8)
1. A pulse-like micro electrolytic machining device is characterized by comprising a pulse-like pulse machining voltage generating device, an electrolysis device, a display device and a control device, wherein,
the electrolytic device comprises an electrolytic cell arranged on a workbench, and a tool electrode and a workpiece electrode which are arranged on the electrolytic cell, wherein electrolyte is arranged in the electrolytic cell, the workpiece electrode is positioned below the electrolytic cell, and the tool electrode is positioned in the electrolytic cell and above the workpiece electrode;
the pulse-like state pulse processing voltage generating device comprises an adjustable function waveform generator F1, an adjustable power amplifier F2, a chopping module E, a power switching transistor Q1 and a power switching transistor Q2, wherein the adjustable function waveform generator F1, the adjustable power amplifier F2 and the chopping module E are sequentially connected; the positive electrode of the chopper module E is connected with the drain electrode of the power switch transistor Q1, and the source electrode of the power switch transistor Q1 is connected with the workpiece electrode; the negative electrode of the chopper module E is connected with the tool electrode, and the tool electrode is grounded; the drain electrode of the power switch transistor Q2 is connected with the source electrode of the power switch transistor Q1, and the source electrode of the power switch transistor Q2 is connected with the cathode of the chopping module E;
the display device comprises an oscilloscope and a microscopic observation module, wherein the oscilloscope is used for detecting and displaying waveforms generated in the pulse-like pulse processing voltage generating device; the microscopic observation module is used for observing the machining condition of the workpiece electrode in the electrolytic machining process;
the electrolysis device further comprises a Z-axis driving mechanism for driving the tool electrode to move along the Z-axis direction;
the electrolysis device also comprises a current sensor, wherein the current sensor is used for detecting current in the electrolytic machining process in real time, and when a short circuit occurs, the control device controls the pulse-like state pulse machining voltage generation device to cut off a power supply.
2. The pulse-like micro electrochemical machining device according to claim 1, wherein the microscopic observation module comprises a CCD microscope and a display, wherein the CCD microscope is used for observing the machining condition of a workpiece electrode in the electrochemical machining process; the display is connected with the CCD microscope and used for displaying the observation result of the CCD microscope.
3. A pulse-like micro-electrolytic machining method using the pulse-like micro-electrolytic machining device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that continuous electrochemical dissolution of the workpiece electrode is realized by applying pulse-like machining voltage generated by the pulse-like machining voltage generating device to the workpiece electrode and the tool electrode in the electrolytic machining system; wherein,
at t when pulse-like pulse processing voltage is applied p During the period, the power switch transistor Q1 is turned on under the control of the gate driving signal G1, and the power switch transistor Q2 is turned off under the control of the gate driving signal G2; the workpiece electrode is connected with the positive electrode of the chopping module E, and the tool electrode is grounded; the workpiece electrode and the tool electrode form an electrolytic machining loop; the method comprises the steps that a voltage U between a workpiece electrode and a tool electrode is pulse-like pulse processing voltage, a circuit generates processing current I under the action of the pulse-like pulse processing voltage U, the surface of the workpiece electrode is dissolved, and the tool electrode generates hydrogen evolution reaction;
at zero voltage t n The power switching transistor Q1 is turned off under the control of the gate driving signal G1, and the power switching transistor Q2 is turned on under the control of the gate driving signal G2; the potential between the workpiece electrode and the tool electrode is zero, thereby accelerating depolarization between the workpiece electrode and the tool electrode; under the action of the pulse-like pulse processing voltage U, the tool electrode is used as a cathode to promote the surface of the tool electrode to generate hydrogen evolution reaction, and the surface of the workpiece electrode is not dissolved; by periodic generation, movement, collision and collapse of bubbles around the tool electrodeWeak adhesion of electrolytic products on the surface of the workpiece electrode, and generates hydrodynamic flow, strengthens the mass and heat transfer process and accelerates the electrolytic products to be discharged out of a processing area; the pulse-like processing voltage U acts on the electrolytic device to realize continuous and unblocked electrochemical dissolution of the workpiece electrode.
4. The pulse-like micro electrochemical machining method according to claim 3, wherein a dead time t is added to the gate driving signal G2 during the electrochemical machining to prevent the power switching transistor Q1 and the power switching transistor Q2 from being simultaneously turned on at different switching speeds d 。
5. A pulsating-like micro-electro-machining method according to claim 3, characterized in that the potential of the tool electrode is kept at zero all the time during electro-machining.
6. A pulsating-like micro-electro-machining method according to claim 3, characterized in that the need for adjusting the machining parameters is fulfilled by adjusting the frequency, duty cycle, machining voltage and machining time during the electro-machining.
7. The pulse-like micro electrochemical machining method according to claim 3, wherein the magnitude of the current between the tool electrode and the workpiece electrode is detected by a current sensor during the electrochemical machining to determine whether a short circuit occurs between the tool electrode and the workpiece electrode; when the current between the tool electrode and the workpiece electrode exceeds a set value, the control device immediately cuts off the power supply to interrupt processing, and simultaneously drives the tool electrode to return to an initial processing gap through the Z-axis driving mechanism to carry out electrifying processing.
8. The pulse-like micro electrochemical machining method according to claim 7, wherein the power switching transistor Q1 and the power switching transistor Q2 are both N-channel insulated gate field effect transistors.
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| JP2007021632A (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-02-01 | Toyama Univ | Electrochemical machining method and device therefor |
| CN201235433Y (en) * | 2008-07-29 | 2009-05-13 | 扬州大学 | Composite synchronous supersonic vibration fine electrolytic machining apparatus |
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