CN116157441A - 组合物、由其形成的有机硅聚醚表面活性剂及相关方法和制品 - Google Patents
组合物、由其形成的有机硅聚醚表面活性剂及相关方法和制品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116157441A CN116157441A CN202180060581.6A CN202180060581A CN116157441A CN 116157441 A CN116157441 A CN 116157441A CN 202180060581 A CN202180060581 A CN 202180060581A CN 116157441 A CN116157441 A CN 116157441A
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- Prior art keywords
- alternatively
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- polyether
- isocyanate
- independently selected
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920000582 polyisocyanurate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011495 polyisocyanurate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- -1 siloxanes Chemical class 0.000 description 92
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 24
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 20
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
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- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002666 chemical blowing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- HRGDZIGMBDGFTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+) Chemical compound [Pt+2] HRGDZIGMBDGFTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004912 1,5-cyclooctadiene Substances 0.000 description 5
- GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)cyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1C1=CCCCC1 GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 101150065749 Churc1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102100038239 Protein Churchill Human genes 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine Chemical compound C1CCCCN2CCCN=C21 GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 description 4
- UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethynylbenzene Chemical group C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-MICDWDOJSA-N deuteriobenzene Chemical compound [2H]C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000005375 organosiloxane group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 4
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- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WZLFPVPRZGTCKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F WZLFPVPRZGTCKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- URHURAUXXZJQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=1C=CC=CC=1[Pt]C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Pt]C1=CC=CC=C1 URHURAUXXZJQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FALJXSPLMPMHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[Pt](C)C Chemical compound C[Pt](C)C FALJXSPLMPMHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- GFQNSGHVOFVTLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-1,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C(Br)=C1 GFQNSGHVOFVTLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C1CCCCC1 SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 2
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- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CCC2OC21 DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTOIBUHBRMYFLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[(2,4,4,6,6-pentamethyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatrisilinan-2-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 OTOIBUHBRMYFLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPKXQSLAVGBZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC(B(C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)C=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=C1 BPKXQSLAVGBZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea-1-carboxylic acid Chemical group NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种组合物,该组合物包含(A)有机氢硅氧烷,该有机氢硅氧烷具有含有硅键合的氢原子的环状硅氧烷部分。该组合物还包含(B)具有脂族不饱和基团的聚醚化合物。最后,该组合物包含(C)氢化硅烷化催化剂。本发明还公开了通过在组分(C)的存在下使组分(A)和(B)反应而制备的有机硅聚醚表面活性剂。此外,公开了包含多元醇和该有机硅聚醚表面活性剂的异氰酸酯反应性组分。还公开了包含该异氰酸酯反应性组分、含有聚异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯组分和催化剂的组合物。最后,公开了制备包含聚氨酯和/或聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的制品的方法,以及由该组合物和/或该方法形成的制品。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2020年6月24日提交的美国临时专利申请63/043,295的优先权和所有优点,该美国临时专利申请的内容以引用方式并入本文。
技术领域
本公开一般涉及一种组合物,并且更具体地涉及一种用于制备有机硅聚醚表面活性剂的组合物。还公开了有机硅聚醚表面活性剂及其各种用途。
背景技术
有机硅是用于许多商业应用的聚合物材料,主要是由于它们具有优于它们的碳基类似物的显著优点。更确切地说,被称为聚合硅氧烷或聚硅氧烷的有机硅具有无机硅-氧主链(…-Si-O-Si-O-Si-O-…),其中有机侧基附接到硅原子。
一些有机硅是聚醚改性的有机硅,其也可被称为有机硅聚醚(SPE)。许多SPE可商购获得以用于降低水溶液/分散体的表面张力。然而,常规SPE可能面临一个或多个问题。
泡沫在本领域中是已知的并且用于各种最终用途应用,包括垫子、支撑制品、封装剂/灌封剂和绝缘材料。泡沫可以由各种化学组合物形成,并且可以利用物理和/或化学发泡剂。例如,聚氨酯泡沫通常由异氰酸酯和多元醇在发泡剂的存在下反应而形成。通常,用SPE形成泡沫以稳定包含多元醇和/或发泡剂的异氰酸酯反应性组分并防止使用前的相分离。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种组合物,该组合物包含(A)具有以下结构的有机氢硅氧烷:
其中下标n为1至1,000;每个下标p独立地为1至10;并且每个R是独立选择的取代或未取代的烃基基团,其中一个或多个硅键合的氢原子能够被具有下式的基团替代:
其中下标n是独立选择的并且如上文所定义,下标p是独立选择的并且如上文所定义,并且每个R1是独立选择的取代或未取代的烃基基团。该组合物还包含(B)具有脂族不饱和基团的聚醚化合物;以及(C)氢化硅烷化催化剂。本发明还公开了通过在组分(C)的存在下使组分(A)和(B)反应而制备的有机硅聚醚表面活性剂。
本发明公开了具有以下结构的化合物:
其中每个R4独立地选自氢原子、取代或未取代的烃基基团、聚醚基团或下式的基团:
此外,公开了包含多元醇和所述有机硅聚醚表面活性剂的异氰酸酯反应性组分。还公开了包含所述异氰酸酯反应性组分、含有聚异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯组分和催化剂的组合物。最后,公开了制备包含聚氨酯和/或聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的制品的方法,以及由所述组合物和/或所述方法形成的制品。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种组合物。该组合物是可氢化硅烷化固化的组合物,其可被固化以得到反应产物,该反应产物可被称为有机硅聚醚表面活性剂并且在下文更详细地描述。该组合物包含(A)具有以下结构的有机氢硅氧烷:
其中下标n为1至1,000;每个下标p独立地为1至10;并且每个R是独立选择的取代或未取代的烃基基团,其中一个或多个硅键合的氢原子能够被具有下式的基团替代:
其中下标n是独立选择的并且如上文所定义,下标p是独立选择的并且如上文所定义,并且每个R1是独立选择的取代或未取代的烃基基团。
一般来讲,适用于R(和R1)的烃基基团可独立地为直链的、支链的、环状的或它们的组合。环状烃基基团包括芳基基团以及饱和或非共轭的环状基团。环状烃基基团可独立地是单环的或多环的。直链和支链烃基基团可以独立地为饱和或不饱和的。直链和环状烃基基团的组合的一个示例为芳烷基基团。烃基基团的一般示例包括烷基基团、芳基基团、烯基基团、卤代碳基团等,以及它们的衍生物、改性物和组合。合适的烷基基团的示例包括甲基、乙基、丙基(例如异丙基和/或正丙基)、丁基(例如异丁基、正丁基、叔丁基和/或仲丁基)、戊基(例如异戊基、新戊基和/或叔戊基)、己基、十六基、十八基,以及具有6个至18个碳原子的支链饱和烃基团。合适的非共轭环状基团的示例包括环丁基、环己基和环庚基基团。合适的芳基基团的示例包括苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、萘基、苄基和二甲基苯基。合适的烯基基团的示例包含乙烯基、烯丙基、丙烯基、异丙烯基、丁烯基、异丁烯基、戊烯基、庚烯基、己烯基、十六烯基、十八烯基和环己烯基基团。合适的一价卤代烃基团(即,卤烃基团或经取代的烃基团)的示例包括卤代烷基基团、芳基基团以及它们的组合。卤代烷基基团的示例包括上述其中一个或多个氢原子被卤素原子诸如F或Cl替代的烷基基团。卤代烷基基团的具体示例包括氟甲基、2-氟丙基、3,3,3-三氟丙基、4,4,4-三氟丁基、4,4,4,3,3-五氟丁基、5,5,5,4,4,3,3-七氟戊基、6,6,6,5,5,4,4,3,3-九氟己基、以及8,8,8,7,7-五氟辛基、2,2-二氟环丙基、2,3-二氟环丁基、3,4-二氟环己基、以及3,4-二氟-5-甲基环庚基、氯甲基、氯丙基、2-二氯环丙基和2,3-二氯环戊基基团,以及它们的衍生物。卤代芳基基团的示例包括上述其中一个或多个氢原子被卤素原子诸如F或Cl替代的芳基基团。卤代芳基基团的具体示例包括氯苄基和氟苄基基团。
在某些实施方案中,不超过三个、另选地不超过两个、另选地不超过一个H被上述包含环状硅氧烷部分的基团替代。在一个具体的实施方案中,存在一个此类基团代替组分(A)的每个环状硅氧烷部分中的一个硅键合的氢原子。
在具体的实施方案中,每个R为未取代的烃基基团,并且组分(A)仅包含两个环状硅氧烷部分。在这些实施方案中,组分(A)的式为:
其中R1以及下标p和n如上文所定义。在另外的实施方案中,每个R和R1不含脂族不饱和基团(即,脂族碳-碳双键或三键)。脂族不饱和基团不包括芳族不饱和基团。在各种实施方案中,每个R和R1选自具有1至32个、另选地1至28个、另选地1至24个、另选地1至20个、另选地1至16个、另选地1至12个、另选地1至8个、另选地1至4个、另选地1个碳原子的烷基基团。
下标n为1至2,000、另选地2至2,000、另选地1至1,000、另选地1至900、另选地1至800、另选地1至700、另选地1至600、另选地1至500、另选地1至400、另选地1至300、另选地1至200。在其他实施方案中,下标n为2至1,000、另选地2至900、另选地2至800、另选地2至700、另选地2至600、另选地2至500、另选地2至400、另选地2至300、另选地2至200。
每个下标p是独立选择的并且限定(A)有机氢硅氧烷的每个环状硅氧烷部分中的Si-O部分的数目。每个下标p为1至10。因此,(A)有机氢硅氧烷的每个环状硅氧烷部分独立地具有3至12个甲硅烷氧基单元。在某些实施方案中,每个下标p是相同的。在其他实施方案中,每个下标p是不同的。在具体的实施方案中,每个下标p独立地为1至10、另选地1至9、另选地1至8、另选地1至7、另选地1至6、另选地1至5、另选地1至4。
(A)有机氢硅氧烷可经由不同的技术制备。例如,(A)有机氢硅氧烷可通过以下方式合成:
1)将包括以下的起始物质组合
i)含硼路易斯酸;
iii)式(RHSiO2/2)v的环状聚有机氢硅氧烷,其中下标v为3至12;并且每个R是独立选择的并且如上文所定义。
制备组分(A)的方法中的起始物质i)是含硼路易斯酸。含硼路易斯酸可为具有每分子中至少一个全氟芳基基团、另选地每分子1至3个全氟芳基基团、另选地每分子2至3个全氟芳基基团、以及另选地每分子3个全氟芳基基团的三价硼化合物。全氟芳基基团可具有6至12个碳原子、另选地6至10个碳原子、以及另选地6个碳原子。含硼路易斯酸可选自(C5F4)(C6F5)2B、(C5F4)3B、(C6F5)BF2、BF(C6F5)2、B(C6F5)3、BCl2(C6F5)、BCl(C6F5)2、B(C6H5)(C6F5)2、B(C6H5)2(C6F5)、[C6H4(mCF3)]3B、[C6H4(pOCF3)]3B、(C6F5)B(OH)2、(C6F5)2BOH、(C6F5)2BH、(C6F5)BH2、(C7H11)B(C6F5)2、(C8H14)B(C6F5)、(C6F5)2B(OC2H5)或(C6F5)2B-CH2CH2Si(CH3)。另选地,含硼路易斯酸可以是式B(C6F5)3的三(五氟苯基)硼烷。此类含硼路易斯酸可从例如MilliporeSigma(St.Louis,Missouri,USA)商购获得。
另选地,含硼路易斯酸可具有下式:
其中每个Ro为邻位取代基,每个Rm为间位取代基,并且每个Rp为对位取代基,RL是任选的并且包括官能团或官能聚合物基团;并且下标x为0或1。在上式中,Ro1-6中的每一者、Rm1-6中的每一者和Rp1-3中的每一者独立地选自H、F或CF3;条件是:并非所有的Ro1-6、Rm1-6和Rp1-3可以同时为H,并且当Ro1-4中的两者或更多者为CF3时,则Ro5和Ro6各自独立地选自H或F。RL是任选的,即,当下标x=1时RL存在,并且当下标x=0时RL不存在。RL可以是与上述式的含硼路易斯酸形成络合物的路易斯碱和/或含有至少一个可用于与路易斯酸形成配价键的电子对的分子或部分,并且可如WO2019/055740第[0024]至[0025]段中针对R4所述。RL的示例包括环醚,诸如四氢呋喃或四氢吡喃。另选地,RL可以是四氢呋喃(THF)。
另选地,Ro1、Ro2、Ro3、Ro4、Ro5和Ro6中的每一者可为H。另选地,Ro1、Ro2、Ro3和Ro4中的每一者可为H。另选地,Ro5和Ro6中的每一者可为F。
另选地,Rm1、Rm2、Rm3、Rm4、Rm5和Rm6中的每一者可为CF3。另选地,Rm1、Rm2、Rm3和Rm4中的每一者可为CF3。另选地,Rm5和Rm6中的每一者可为F。另选地,Rm5和Rm6中的每一者可为H。
另选地,Rp1、Rp2和Rp3中的每一者可为H。另选地,Rp1和Rp2可为H。另选地,Rp3可为F。另选地,Rp3可为CF3。
另选地,Ro1、Ro2、Ro3、Ro4、Ro5、Ro6、Rp1、Rp2和Rp3中的每一者可为H;并且Rm1、Rm2、Rm3、Rm4、Rm5和Rm6中的每一者可为CF3。下标x可为1。另选地,起始物质i)可包含三(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)硼烷THF加合物。
另选地,Ro1、Ro2、Ro3、Ro4、Ro5、Ro6、Rm5、Rm6、Rp1和Rp2中的每一者可为H;并且Rm1、Rm2、Rm3、Rm4和Rp3中的每一者可为CF3。下标x可为1。另选地,起始物质i)可包含双(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)(4-三氟甲基苯基)硼烷THF加合物。
另选地,Ro1、Ro2、Ro3、Ro4、Rm5、Rm6、Rp1和Rp2中的每一者可为H;Ro5、Ro6和Rp3中的每一者可为F;并且Rm1、Rm2、Rm3、Rm4中的每一者可为CF3。下标x可为1。另选地,起始物质i)可包含双(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)(2,4,6-三氟苯基)硼烷THF加合物。
另选地,Ro1、Ro2、Ro3、Ro4、Rm5、Rm6、Rp1、Rp2和Rp3中的每一者可为H;Ro5和Ro6可为F;并且Rm1、Rm2、Rm3和Rm4中的每一者可为CF3。下标x可为1。另选地,起始物质i)可包含双(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)(2,6-二氟苯基)硼烷THF加合物。
另选地,Ro1、Ro2、Ro3、Ro4、Ro5、Rm6、Rp1、Rp2和Rp3中的每一者可为H;并且Rm1、Rm2、Rm3、Rm4、Rm5和Ro6中的每一者可为CF3。下标x可为0。另选地,起始物质i)可包含双(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)(2,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)硼烷。
另选地,Rm1、Rp1、Ro2、Ro3、Ro4、Rp2、Rp3、Ro5和Rm6中的每一者可为H;并且Ro1、Rm2、Rm3、Rm4、Ro6和Rm5中的每一者可为CF3。下标x可为0。另选地,起始物质i)可包含(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)双(2,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)硼烷。
另选地,Ro1、Ro2、Ro3、Ro4、Rp1和Rp2中的每一者可为H;Ro5、Ro6、Rm5和Rm6中的每一者可为F;并且Rm1、Rm2、Rm3、Rm4和Rp3中的每一者可为CF3。下标x可为1。另选地,起始物质i)可包含双(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)(2,3,5,6-四氟-4-三氟甲基苯基)硼烷THF加合物。
适用于起始物质i)的含硼路易斯酸是本领域已知的,并且可通过已知方法制备,例如在WO2019/055740中,特别是在第[0052]段至第[0096]段中公开的方法,通过改变适当的起始物质来制备。
起始物质i)的量将取决于所使用的其他起始物质的类型和量,然而,起始物质i)可基于起始物质i)、ii)和iii)的合并重量以50ppm至6000ppm的量存在。另选地,该量可以是基于相同的基准的50ppm至600ppm。
制备组分(A)的方法中的起始物质ii)是式的羟基官能化有机硅化合物,其中每个下标n为1至2,000,并且每个R是独立选择的并且如上文所定义。另选地,下标n可具有使得2≤n≤2,000、另选地2≤n≤1,000、另选地5≤n≤900、另选地5≤n≤50、以及另选地5≤n≤15的值。当下标n=1时,起始物质B)可为羟基官能化硅烷,诸如二甲基二硅烷醇。羟基官能化硅烷可商购获得。
另选地,当下标n≥2时,则起始物质ii)可以是羟基封端的聚二有机硅氧烷。适合用作起始物质ii)的羟基封端的聚二有机硅氧烷可通过本领域已知的方法制备,诸如相应有机卤代硅烷的水解和缩合或环状聚二有机硅氧烷的平衡。示例性羟基封端的聚二有机硅氧烷是羟基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷。合适的羟基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷也可例如从Gelest,Inc.(Morrisville,Pennsylvania,USA)商购获得,诸如DMS-S12、DMS-S14、DMS-S15、DMS-S21、DMS-S27、DMS-S41、DMS-S32、DMS-S33、DMS-S35、DMS-S42和DMS-S45。
用于制备组分(A)的方法中的起始物质iii)是式(RHSiO2/2)v的环状聚有机氢硅氧烷,其中下标v为3至12,并且每个R是独立选择的一价烃基基团。另选地,下标v可为4至10、另选地4至8。另选地,下标v可具有4至6、另选地4至5、以及另选地4的平均值。合适的环状聚有机氢硅氧烷是本领域已知的,并且可例如从Dow Silicones Corporation(Midland,Michigan,USA)商购获得。
起始物质ii)和iii)的量取决于各种因素,包括ii)羟基官能化有机硅化合物的OH含量和iii)环状聚有机氢硅氧烷的硅键合的氢(SiH)含量。然而,量足以提供4:1至40:1、另选地5:1至20:1、以及另选地5:1至10:1的起始物质iii)中的SiH与起始物质ii)中的OH的摩尔比(SiH:OH比率)。在方法中可使用溶剂。
所述组合物还包含(B)具有脂族不饱和基团的聚醚化合物。通常,脂族不饱和基团在(B)聚醚化合物的末端。
在某些实施方案中,(B)聚醚化合物具有式R2O(CmH2mO)qR3,其中R2为脂族不饱和基团,下标m在由下标q表示的每个部分中独立地选自2至4;下标q为1至200;并且R3选自R1、H和-C(O)R1,其中R1是独立选择的并且如上文所定义。
在具体的实施方案中,(B)聚醚化合物具有式R2O(C2H4O)x(C3H6O)y(C4H8O)zR3,其中R2为脂族不饱和基团;0≤x≤200;0≤y≤200;并且0≤z≤200;条件是下标x、y和z不同时为0,并且由下标x、y和z表示的单元在所述(B)聚醚化合物中能够呈无规或嵌段形式;并且R3选自R1、H和-C(O)R1,其中R1是独立选择的并且如上文所定义。如本领域所理解的,由下标x指示的部分是环氧乙烷(EO)单元,由下标y指示的部分是环氧丙烷(PO)单元,并且由下标z指示的部分是环氧丁烷(BO)单元。EO、PO和BO单元(如果存在)在(B)聚醚化合物中可以呈嵌段或无规形式。EO、PO和BO单元(如果存在)的相对量可基于组合物的反应产物的期望特性选择性地控制。例如,这种环氧烷单元的摩尔比可影响亲水性和其他性质。
(B)聚醚化合物中的氧化烯单元可独立地为直链或支链的。例如,如果存在的话,氧乙烯单元可具有式-CH2CH2O-或具有式-CHCH3O-。类似地,如果存在的话,氧丙烯单元可具有式-CH2CH2CH2O-、式-CH2CHCH3O-或式-CHCH3CH2O-。
应当理解,(B)聚醚化合物可具有单独或组合的选自EO、PO和BO的一个或多个部分。例如,(B)聚醚化合物可具有仅[EO]x部分、仅[PO]y部分或仅[BO]z部分,或这些部分的组合,诸如[EO]x[PO]y部分、[EO]x[BO]z部分、[PO]y[BO]z部分或[EO]x[PO]y[BO]z部分。如上所述,由下标x、y和z表示的单元在(B)聚醚化合物中可以呈无规或嵌段形式。此外,由下标x、y和z指示的单元不必按本文具体示出的顺序。例如,本领域的技术人员应理解,两种或更多种环氧烷烃(AO)的聚合混合物可用于形成无规化聚醚,并且在聚合反应期间两种或更多种AO的添加顺序和/或其计时可用于形成具有不同AO顺序及其链长的嵌段聚醚,或者可形成无规化聚醚和嵌段聚醚的组合。
在某些实施方案中,下标x为(并包括)1至200、另选地1至50、另选地2至40、另选地3至30、另选地4至25、另选地5至20。在另外的实施方案中,下标x为(并包括)10至20、另选地12至18、另选地14至16,另选地为16。在另外的实施方案中,下标x为(并包括)20至30、另选地22至28、另选地24至26,另选地为24或26。在其他实施方案中,下标x为(并包括)30至40、另选地32至38、另选地34至36。
在某些实施方案中,下标y为(并包括)0至50、另选地1至50、另选地0至40、另选地1至40、另选地0至30、另选地1至30、另选地0至25、另选地1至25、另选地0至20、另选地1至20。在另外的实施方案中,下标y为(并包括)10至20、另选地12至18、另选地14至16,另选地为16。在另外的实施方案中,下标y为(并包括)20至30、另选地22至28、另选地24至26,另选地为24或26。在其他实施方案中,下标y为(并包括)30至40、另选地32至38、另选地34至36。
在某些实施方案中,下标z为(并包括)0至50、另选地1至50、另选地0至40、另选地1至40、另选地0至30、另选地1至30、另选地0至25、另选地1至25、另选地0至20、另选地1至20。在另外的实施方案中,下标z为(并包括)10至20、另选地12至18、另选地14至16,另选地为16。在另外的实施方案中,下标z为(并包括)20至30、另选地22至28、另选地24至26,另选地为24或26。在其他实施方案中,下标z为(并包括)30至40、另选地32至38、另选地34至36。
R3选自R1、H和-C(O)R1,其中R1是独立选择的并且如上文所定义。在某些实施方案中,R3选自取代的或未取代的烃基基团,其在上文中针对R有所公开,例如R3为烷基基团。在某些实施方案中,R3为具有1至18个、另选地1至16个、另选地1至14个、另选地1至12个、另选地1至10个、另选地1至8个、另选地1至6个、另选地1至4个、另选地1至3个、另选地1至2个、另选地1个碳原子的烷基基团。在具体的实施方案中,R3为甲基基团。在其他实施方案中,R3为H。在其他实施方案中,R3为-C(O)R1。当R3为-C(O)R1时,R1通常为具有1至18个、另选地1至16个、另选地1至14个、另选地1至12个、另选地1至10个、另选地1至8个、另选地1至6个、另选地1至4个、另选地1至3个、另选地1至2个、另选地1个碳原子的烷基基团,例如R3为酰基基团。
R2为脂族不饱和基团,其通常为具有2至18个、另选地2至16个、另选地2至14个、另选地2至12个、另选地2至8个、另选地2至4个、另选地2个碳原子的烯基和/或炔基基团。“烯基”意指具有一个或多个碳-碳双键的无环、支链或非支链的一价烃基。其具体示例包括乙烯基基团、烯丙基基团、己烯基基团和辛烯基基团。“炔基”意指具有一个或多个碳-碳三键的无环、支链或非支链的一价烃基。其具体示例包括乙炔基、丙炔基和丁炔基基团。烯属不饱和基团的各种示例包括CH2=CH—、CH2=CHCH2—、CH2=CH(CH2)4—、CH2=CH(CH2)6—、CH2=C(CH3)CH2—、H2C=C(CH3)—、H2C=C(CH3)—、H2C=C(CH3)CH2—、H2C=CHCH2CH2—、H2C=CHCH2CH2CH2—、HC≡C—、HC≡CCH2—、HC≡CCH(CH3)—、HC≡CC(CH3)2—和HC≡CC(CH3)2CH2—。通常,烯属不饱和基团在R2的末端。如本领域所理解的,烯属不饱和基团可被称为脂族不饱和基团。
组合物中组分(A)和(B)的相对量是期望反应产物的函数。例如,每个下标p的值通常决定组分(A)中硅键合的氢原子的数目,并且如果反应产物中不需要硅键合的氢原子,则可以使用相对于组分(A)中硅键合的氢原子的摩尔数摩尔过量的组分(B)。另选地,可能需要残余的硅键合的氢原子,或者可利用包含烯属不饱和基团的其他组分来消耗组分(A)的硅键合的氢原子,而不在反应产物中赋予聚醚官能团。本领域技术人员易于理解如何确定组合物中组分(A)和(B)的期望含量。组分(A)可任选地包含不同化合物的共混物,例如具有不同的下标p和/或n值,并且组分(B)可任选地包含不同聚醚化合物的共混物。
该组合物还包含(C)氢化硅烷化催化剂。(C)氢化硅烷化催化剂不受限制,并且可以是用于催化氢化硅烷化反应的任何已知氢化硅烷化反应催化剂。可使用不同氢化硅烷化催化剂的组合。
在某些实施方案中,(C)氢化硅烷化催化剂包含VIII族至XI族过渡金属。VIII族至XI族过渡金属是指现代IUPAC命名法。VIII族过渡金属是铁(Fe)、钌(Ru)、锇(Os)和铪(Hs);IX族过渡金属为钴(Co)、铑(Rh)和铱(Ir);X族过渡金属是镍(Ni)、钯(Pd)和铂(Pt);并且XI族过渡金属是铜(Cu)、银(Ag)和金(Au)。它们的组合、它们的络合物(例如有机金属络合物)以及其他形式的此类金属可用作(C)氢化硅烷化催化剂。
适用于(C)氢化硅烷化催化剂的催化剂的附加示例包括铼(Re)、钼(Mo)、IV族过渡金属(即钛(Ti)、锆(Zr)和/或铪(Hf))、镧系元素、锕系元素以及I族和II族金属络合物(例如包含钙(Ca)、钾(K)、锶(Sr)等的那些)。它们的组合、它们的络合物(例如有机金属络合物)以及其他形式的此类金属可用作(C)氢化硅烷化催化剂。
(C)氢化硅烷化催化剂可以呈任何合适的形式。例如,(C)氢化硅烷化催化剂可以是固体,其示例包括铂基催化剂、钯基催化剂和类似的贵金属基催化剂,以及镍基催化剂。其具体示例包括镍、钯、铂、铑、钴和类似元素,以及铂-钯、镍-铜-铬、镍-铜-锌、镍-钨、镍-钼和包括多种金属的组合的类似催化剂。固体催化剂的附加示例包括Cu-Cr、Cu-Zn、Cu-Si、Cu-Fe-Al、Cu-Zn-Ti和类似的含铜催化剂等。
(C)氢化硅烷化催化剂可以在固体载体中或固体载体上。载体的示例包括活性炭、二氧化硅、二氧化硅氧化铝、氧化铝、沸石和其他无机粉末/颗粒(例如硫酸钠)等。(C)氢化硅烷化催化剂也可以设置于媒介物中,例如溶解氢化硅烷化反应催化剂的溶剂,另选地仅携载但不溶解(C)氢化硅烷化催化剂的媒介物。此类媒介物是本领域已知的。
在具体的实施方案中,(C)氢化硅烷化催化剂包含铂。在这些实施方案中,(C)氢化硅烷化催化剂的示例有例如铂黑、诸如氯铂酸、氯铂酸六水合物、氯铂酸和一元醇的反应产物、双(乙酰乙酸乙酯)铂、双(乙酰丙酮)铂、氯化铂的化合物和此类化合物与烯烃或有机聚硅氧烷的络合物,以及被微封装于基质或核-壳型化合物中的铂化合物。微封装的氢化硅烷化催化剂及其制备方法也是本领域已知的,如美国专利号4,766,176和5,017,654中所例示的,这些专利以引用方式全文并入本文。
适合用作(C)氢化硅烷化催化剂的铂与有机聚硅氧烷的络合物包括1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷与铂的络合物。这些络合物可以微封装于树脂基质中。另选地,(C)氢化硅烷化催化剂可包含1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷与铂的络合物。氢化硅烷化反应催化剂可以通过包括使氯铂酸与脂族不饱和有机硅化合物诸如二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷或烯烃-铂-甲硅烷基络合物反应的方法制备。烯烃-铂-甲硅烷基络合物可以例如通过将0.015摩尔(COD)PtCl2与0.045摩尔COD以及0.0612摩尔HMeSiCl2混合来制备,其中COD表示环辛二烯。
适用于组分(C)的氢化硅烷化催化剂的附加示例在例如美国专利3,159,601、3,220,972、3,296,291、3,419,593、3,516,946、3,814,730、3,989,668、4,784,879、5,036,117和5,175,325中有所描述;所述美国专利的公开内容全文以引用方式并入本文。
(C)氢化硅烷化催化剂还可包含或另选地为可光活化的氢化硅烷化催化剂,其可经由辐射和/或加热来引发固化。可光活化的氢化硅烷化催化剂可以是能够催化氢化硅烷化反应的任何氢化硅烷化催化剂,特别是在暴露于波长为150纳米至800纳米(nm)的辐射时。
适用于(C)氢化硅烷化催化剂的可光活化的氢化硅烷化反应催化剂的具体示例包括但不限于β-二酮铂(II)络合物,诸如双(2,4-戊二酸)铂(II)、双(2,4-己二酸)铂(II)、双(2,4-庚二酸)铂(II)、双(1-苯基-1,3-丁二酸)铂(II)、双(1,3-二苯基-1,3-丙二酸)铂(II)、双(1,1,1,5,5,5-六氟-2,4-戊二酸)铂(II);(η-环戊二烯基)三烷基铂络合物,诸如(Cp)三甲基铂、(Cp)乙基二甲基铂、(Cp)三乙基铂、(氯-Cp)三甲基铂和(三甲基甲硅烷基-Cp)三甲基铂,其中Cp表示环戊二烯基;三氮烯氧化物-过渡金属络合物,诸如Pt[C6H5NNNOCH3]4、Pt[p-CN-C6H4NNNOC6H11]4、Pt[p-H3COC6H4NNNOC6H11]4、Pt[p-CH3(CH2)x-C6H4NNNOCH3]4、1,5-环辛二烯.Pt[p-CN-C6H4NNNOC6H11]2、1,5-环辛二烯.Pt[p-CH3O-C6H4NNNOCH3]2、[(C6H5)3P]3Rh[p-CN-C6H4NNNOC6H11]和Pd[p-CH3(CH2)x—C6H4NNNOCH3]2,其中x为1、3、5、11或17;(η-二烯烃)(σ-芳基)铂络合物,诸如(η4-1,5-环辛二烯基)二苯基铂、(η4-1,3,5,7-环辛四烯基)二苯基铂、(η4-2,5-降冰片烯基)二苯基铂、(η4-1,5-环辛二烯基)双-(4-二甲基氨基苯基)铂、(η4-1,5-环辛二烯基)双-(4-乙酰基苯基)铂和(η4-1,5-环辛二烯基)双-(4-三氟甲基苯基)铂。
本公开还提供了一种具有以下结构的化合物:
其中每个R4独立地选自氢原子、取代或未取代的烃基基团、聚醚基团或式的基团,条件是至少一个R4为聚醚基团;每个下标p独立地为1至10;每个下标n独立地为1至2,000;每个R是独立选择的取代或未取代的烃基基团,并且每个R1是独立选择的取代或未取代的烃基基团。在某些实施方案中,该化合物通过在组合物的组分(C)的存在下使组分(A)和(B)反应来制备。
在某些实施方案中,不超过三个、另选地不超过两个、另选地不超过一个R4为上述包含环状硅氧烷部分的基团。在一个具体的实施方案中,该化合物在每个环状硅氧烷部分中包含一个此类基团作为R4。
在其他实施方案中,该化合物具有以下结构:
其中R1、R4以及下标p和n各自如上文所定义。
当化合物由组合物形成时,即经由在组分(C)的存在下组分(A)和(B)的氢化硅烷化形成,R4的聚醚基团通过组分(A)的硅键合的氢原子的氢化硅烷化形成。作为聚醚基团的每个R4由(B)聚醚化合物与组分(A)的特定硅键合的氢原子的氢化硅烷化形成。然而,R4可以是未反应的氢或不同于聚醚基团的烃基基团。当化合物包含两个或更多个由R4表示的聚醚基团时,所述聚醚基团是独立选择的并且可以彼此相同或不同。当R4为不同于聚醚基团的烃基基团时,R4可以由任何不饱和化合物与组分(A)的特定硅键合的氢原子的氢化硅烷化形成,例如烯烃、二烯、炔烃和/或其官能化或取代形式。在某些实施方案中,化合物中至少10摩尔%、另选地至少20摩尔%、另选地至少30摩尔%、另选地至少40摩尔%、另选地至少50摩尔%、另选地至少60摩尔%、另选地至少70摩尔%、另选地至少80摩尔%、另选地至少90摩尔%、另选地100摩尔%的R4基团为聚醚基团。
在某些实施方案中,R4的聚醚基团具有式-D-O(CmH2mO)qR3,其中D为二价连接基团,下标m在由下标q表示的每个部分中独立地选自2至4;下标q为1至200;并且R3选自R1、H和-C(O)R1,其中R1是独立选择的并且如上文所定义。D通常为由(B)聚醚化合物中的R2的氢化硅烷化形成的二价烃基基团,其产生R4的聚醚基团。因此,D的结构是(B)聚醚化合物的烯属不饱和基团的函数。D可以是支链或直链的,并且当(B)聚醚基团的R2为炔基基团时,D还可包含烯属不饱和基团。在某些实施方案中,D具有式-CjH2j-,其中j为2至18、另选地2至16、另选地2至14、另选地2至12、另选地2至10、另选地2至8、另选地2至6、另选地2至4。
在具体的实施方案中,R4的聚醚基团具有式-D-O(C2H4O)x(C3H6O)y(C4H8O)zR3,其中D为二价连接基团;0≤x≤200;0≤y≤200;并且0≤z≤200;条件是下标x、y和z不同时为0,并且由下标x、y和z表示的单元在R4的聚醚基团中可以呈无规或嵌段形式;并且R3选自R1、H和-C(O)R1,其中R1是独立选择的并且如上文所定义。EO、PO和BO单元(如果存在)在(B)聚醚化合物中可以呈嵌段或无规形式。EO,PO和BO单元(如果存在)的相对量可基于化合物的期望特性选择性地控制。D如上所述。
R4的聚醚基团中的氧化烯单元可独立地为直链或支链的。例如,如果存在的话,氧乙烯单元可具有式-CH2CH2O-或具有式-CHCH3O-。类似地,如果存在的话,氧丙烯单元可具有式-CH2CH2CH2O-、式-CH2CHCH3O-或式-CHCH3CH2O-。
应当理解,R4的聚醚基团可具有单独或组合的选自EO、PO和BO的一个或多个部分。例如,R4的聚醚基团可具有仅[EO]x部分、仅[PO]y部分或仅[BO]z部分,或这些部分的组合,诸如[EO]x[PO]y部分、[EO]x[BO]z部分、[PO]y[BO]z部分或[EO]x[PO]y[BO]z部分。如上所述,由下标x、y和z表示的单元在R4的聚醚基团中可以呈无规或嵌段形式。此外,由下标x、y和z指示的单元不必按本文具体示出的顺序。例如,本领域的技术人员应理解,两种或更多种环氧烷烃(AO)的聚合混合物可用于形成无规化聚醚,并且在聚合反应期间两种或更多种AO的添加顺序和/或其计时可用于形成具有不同AO顺序及其链长的嵌段聚醚,或者可形成无规化聚醚和嵌段聚醚的组合。
在某些实施方案中,下标x为(并包括)1至200、另选地1至50、另选地2至40、另选地3至30、另选地4至25、另选地5至20。在另外的实施方案中,下标x为(并包括)10至20、另选地12至18、另选地14至16,另选地为16。在另外的实施方案中,下标x为(并包括)20至30、另选地22至28、另选地24至26,另选地为24或26。在其他实施方案中,下标x为(并包括)30至40、另选地32至38、另选地34至36。
在某些实施方案中,下标y为(并包括)0至50、另选地1至50、另选地0至40、另选地1至40、另选地0至30、另选地1至30、另选地0至25、另选地1至25、另选地0至20、另选地1至20。在另外的实施方案中,下标y为(并包括)10至20、另选地12至18、另选地14至16,另选地为16。在另外的实施方案中,下标y为(并包括)20至30、另选地22至28、另选地24至26,另选地为24或26。在其他实施方案中,下标y为(并包括)30至40、另选地32至38、另选地34至36。
在某些实施方案中,下标z为(并包括)0至50、另选地1至50、另选地0至40、另选地1至40、另选地0至30、另选地1至30、另选地0至25、另选地1至25、另选地0至20、另选地1至20。在另外的实施方案中,下标z为(并包括)10至20、另选地12至18、另选地14至16,另选地为16。在另外的实施方案中,下标z为(并包括)20至30、另选地22至28、另选地24至26,另选地为24或26。在其他实施方案中,下标z为(并包括)30至40、另选地32至38、另选地34至36。
R3选自R1、H和-C(O)R1,其中R1是独立选择的并且如上文所定义。在某些实施方案中,R3选自取代或未取代的烃基基团,其在上文中针对R有所公开,例如R3可为烷基基团。在某些实施方案中,R3为具有1至18个、另选地1至16个、另选地1至14个、另选地1至12个、另选地1至10个、另选地1至8个、另选地1至6个、另选地1至4个、另选地1至3个、另选地1至2个、另选地1个碳原子的烷基基团。在具体的实施方案中,R3为甲基基团。在其他实施方案中,R3为H。在其他实施方案中,R3为-C(O)R1。当R3为-C(O)R1时,R1通常为具有1至18个、另选地1至16个、另选地1至14个、另选地1至12个、另选地1至10个、另选地1至8个、另选地1至6个、另选地1至4个、另选地1至3个、另选地1至2个、另选地1个碳原子的烷基基团,例如R3为酰基基团。
下标n为1至1,000、另选地1至900、另选地1至800、另选地1至700、另选地1至600、另选地1至500、另选地1至400、另选地1至300、另选地1至200。在其他实施方案中,下标n为2至1,000、另选地2至900、另选地2至800、另选地2至700、另选地2至600、另选地2至500、另选地2至400、另选地2至300、另选地2至200。
每个下标p是独立选择的并且限定化合物的每个环状硅氧烷部分中的Si-O部分的数目。每个下标p为1至9。因此,化合物的每个环状硅氧烷部分独立地具有3至12个甲硅烷氧基单元。在某些实施方案中,每个下标p是相同的。在其他实施方案中,每个下标p是不同的。在具体的实施方案中,每个下标p独立地为1至9、另选地1至8、另选地1至7、另选地1至6、另选地1至5、另选地1至4。
上述化合物具有用作表面活性剂的优异物理特性。例如,该化合物特别适合用作聚氨酯和/或聚异氰脲酸酯组合物中的表面活性剂,如下所述。然而,化合物不限于此。例如,该化合物可用作化妆品组合物、涂料组合物、纺织品组合物、木质纤维素组合物和通常使用表面活性剂的任何其他组合物或乳液中的表面活性剂。
本公开还提供了一种异氰酸酯反应性组分。异氰酸酯反应性组分通常用于与异氰酸酯反应,例如以形成聚氨酯和/或聚异氰脲酸酯。异氰酸酯反应性组分包含上述化合物作为表面活性剂。异氰酸酯反应性组分还包含多元醇。
基于异氰酸酯反应性组分中100重量份的多元醇总量,异氰酸酯反应性组分通常包含大于0至10重量份、另选地0.1至10重量份、另选地0.1至9重量份、另选地0.1至8重量份、另选地0.1至7重量份、另选地0.1至6重量份、另选地0.1至5重量份、另选地1至4重量份、另选地1.5至3.5重量份、另选地2至3重量份的化合物。
适用于异氰酸酯反应组分的聚醚多元醇包括但不限于通过环状氧化物(例如环氧乙烷(“EO”)、环氧丙烷(“PO”)、环氧丁烷(“BO”)、四氢呋喃或表氯醇)在多官能引发剂的存在下聚合获得的产物。合适的引发剂含有多个活性氢原子。用于该聚合的催化剂可以是阴离子催化剂或阳离子催化剂,合适的催化剂包括KOH、CsOH、三氟化硼或双氰化物络合物(DMC)催化剂,诸如六氰基钴酸锌或季磷腈化合物。引发剂可以选自例如新戊二醇;1,2-丙二醇;三羟甲基丙烷;季戊四醇;山梨糖醇;蔗糖;甘油;氨基醇,诸如乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺;链烷二醇,诸如1,6-己二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,5-戊二醇、2-甲基丙烷-1,3-二醇、1,4-环己烷二醇、1,3-环己烷二甲醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、2,5-己二醇;乙二醇;二乙二醇、三乙二醇;双-3-氨基丙基甲胺;乙二胺;二乙烯三胺;9(1)-羟甲基十八醇、1,4-双羟甲基环己烷;氢化双酚;9,9(10,10)-双羟甲基十八醇;1,2,6-己三醇以及它们的组合。其他引发剂包括含有胺的其他直链和环状化合物。示例性多胺引发剂包括乙二胺、新戊基二胺、1,6-二氨基己烷;双氨基甲基三环癸烷;双氨基环己烷;二乙烯三胺;双-3-氨基丙基甲胺;三乙烯四胺;甲苯二胺的各种异构体;二苯基甲烷二胺;N-甲基-1,2-乙二胺、N-甲基-1,3-丙烷二胺;N,N-二甲基-1,3-二氨基丙烷;N,N-二甲基乙醇胺;3,3'-二氨基-N-甲基二丙胺;N,N-二甲基二丙烯三胺;氨基丙基-咪唑;以及它们的组合。如本领域所理解的,引发剂化合物或其组合通常基于所得聚醚多元醇的所需官能度来选择。出于本公开的目的,多元醇可以用上述任何引发剂或引发剂的组合形成。多元醇不限于通过任何特定制备方法形成的多元醇。
其他合适的聚醚多元醇包括聚醚二醇和三醇,如聚氧丙烯二醇和三醇以及聚(氧乙烯-氧丙烯)二醇和三醇,其通过同时或顺序地将环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷加入到二官能或三官能引发剂中而获得。代替聚醚二醇和/或三醇或除聚醚二醇和/或三醇之外还可使用官能度高于三醇的聚醚多元醇。还可以使用基于多元醇组分的重量氧乙烯含量为5重量%至90重量%的共聚物,其中多元醇可以是嵌段共聚物、无规/嵌段共聚物或无规共聚物。其他合适的聚醚多元醇还包括通过四氢呋喃的聚合获得的聚四亚甲基二醇。
适用于异氰酸酯反应组分的聚酯多元醇包括但不限于以下的羟基官能化反应产物:多元醇,如乙二醇、丙二醇、二甘醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、环己烷二甲醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、蔗糖或聚醚多元醇或此类多元醇的混合物;以及多元羧酸,特别是二羧酸或其成酯衍生物,例如琥珀酸、戊二酸和己二酸或它们的二甲酯、癸二酸、邻苯二甲酸酐、四氯邻苯二甲酸酐、对苯二甲酸二甲酯或它们的混合物。也可以使用通过内酯(例如己内酯)与多元醇的聚合或通过羟基羧酸(例如羟基己酸)的聚合获得的聚酯多元醇。在某些实施方案中,多元醇包含聚酯和聚醚多元醇的混合物。
合适的聚酯酰胺多元醇可通过在聚酯化混合物中包括氨基醇(如乙醇胺)来获得。合适的聚硫醚多元醇包括通过单独或与其他二醇、环氧烷、二羧酸、甲醛、氨基醇或氨基羧酸缩合硫代二甘醇而获得的产物。合适的聚碳酸酯多元醇包括通过使二醇(如1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、二甘醇或四甘醇)与碳酸二芳基酯(例如碳酸二苯酯)或与光气反应而获得的产物。合适的聚缩醛多元醇包括通过使二醇(如二甘醇、三甘醇或己二醇)与甲醛反应制备的那些。其他合适的聚缩醛多元醇也可以通过使环状缩醛聚合而制备。合适的聚烯烃多元醇包括羟基封端的丁二烯均聚物和共聚物,合适的聚硅氧烷多元醇包括聚二甲基硅氧烷二醇和三醇。
在某些实施方案中,多元醇为聚合物多元醇。在具体的实施方案中,聚合物多元醇是接枝多元醇。接枝多元醇也可以称为接枝分散多元醇或接枝聚合物多元醇。接枝多元醇通常包括通过一种或多种乙烯基单体(例如苯乙烯单体和/或丙烯腈单体)与大分子单体在多元醇(例如聚醚多元醇)中进行原位聚合获得的产物(即聚合颗粒)。
在其他实施方案中,聚合物多元醇选自聚脲(polyharnstoff,PHD)多元醇、聚异氰酸酯聚加成(PIPA)多元醇及其组合。应了解,异氰酸酯反应性组分可以包括上述聚合物多元醇的任何组合。PHD多元醇通常是通过多元醇中二异氰酸酯与二胺的原位反应形成,以得到聚脲颗粒的稳定分散体。PIPA多元醇与PHD多元醇相似,不同之处在于,分散体通常通过二异氰酸酯与链烷醇胺而不是二胺的原位反应形成,以在多元醇中得到聚氨酯分散体。
应当理解,异氰酸酯反应性组分可包括基于官能度、分子量、粘度或结构而彼此不同的两种或更多种多元醇的任何组合。
在各种实施方案中,多元醇的羟基(OH)当量大于0g/mol至2,000g/mol、另选地大于0g/mol至1,700g/mol、另选地大于0g/mol至1,000g/mol、另选地大于0g/mol至700g/mol、另选地大于0g/mol至400g/mol、另选地大于0g/mol至350g/mol、另选地大于0g/mol至325g/mol、另选地大于0g/mol至300g/mol、另选地大于0g/mol至275g/mol、另选地大于0g/mol至250g/mol、另选地大于0g/mol至225g/mol、另选地大于0g/mol至200g/mol。在某些实施方案中,包括上述范围,多元醇的OH当量为至少30g/mol。基于给定多元醇的官能度和分子量来确定OH当量的方法是本领域已知的。
在这些或其他实施方案中,多元醇的官能度为2至10、另选地2至9、另选地2至8、另选地2至7、另选地3至6。
在具体的实施方案中,多元醇包含一种或多种聚醚多元醇、另选地基本上由一种或多种聚醚多元醇组成、另选地由一种或多种聚醚多元醇组成。换言之,在这些实施方案中,多元醇通常不含不是聚醚多元醇的任何多元醇。在其他具体的实施方案中,多元醇包含一种或多种聚酯多元醇、另选地基本上由一种或多种聚酯多元醇组成、另选地由一种或多种聚酯多元醇组成。换言之,在这些实施方案中,多元醇通常不含不是聚酯多元醇的任何多元醇。
如本领域所理解,聚氨酯包含通过氨基甲酸酯(氨基甲酸乙酯)键连接的有机单元。聚氨酯通常通过使聚异氰酸酯与多元醇(通常为聚醚多元醇)反应而形成。由于聚氨酯含有两种类型的单体,它们彼此聚合,因此通常将它们归类为交替共聚物。用于制备聚氨酯的异氰酸酯和多元醇平均每分子含有两个或更多官能团。聚异氰脲酸酯也可通过使聚异氰酸酯与多元醇反应来制备。然而,在制备聚异氰脲酸酯时,所用的亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯(“MDI”)的比例通常较高,并且在反应中使用聚酯衍生的多元醇而不是聚醚多元醇。所得的化学结构显著不同于聚氨酯的化学结构,其中MDI上的异氰酸酯基团三聚化形成异氰脲酸酯基团,其与多元醇连接在一起,形成复杂的聚合结构。因此,异氰酸酯反应性组分中多元醇的选择通常是异氰酸酯反应性组分的最终用途的函数,例如以得到聚氨酯、聚异氰脲酸酯或混合聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯。
在某些实施方案中,异氰酸酯反应性组分还包含发泡剂。在发泡剂已经存在(例如水)或在反应期间产生(例如二氧化碳)的情况下,发泡剂可被称为补充发泡剂,但该补充发泡剂可在异氰酸酯反应性组分与聚异氰酸酯的反应期间提供大部分或全部发泡。如果使用,发泡剂可选自化学发泡剂、物理发泡剂以及它们的组合。此类发泡剂的示例在下文描述。
所使用的发泡剂的量可以根据所需的结果而变化。例如,可以改变发泡剂的量以调整最终泡沫密度和泡沫上升曲线,以及最终泡沫中的泡孔尺寸。
在各种实施方案中,化学发泡剂选自Si-OH化合物,其可以是单体、低聚物或聚合物。在某些实施方案中,化学发泡剂选自由有机硅烷和具有至少一个硅烷醇(Si-OH)基团的有机硅氧烷组成的组。合适的OH-官能化合物的示例包括二烷基硅氧烷,如OH-封端的二甲基硅氧烷。此类硅氧烷可具有相对低的粘度,诸如在25℃处10mPa·s至5,000mPa·s、另选地10mPa·s至2,500mPa·s、另选地10mPa·s至1,000mPa·s、另选地10mPa·s至500mPa·s、另选地10mPa·s至100mPa·s。另选地,化学发泡剂可包含甲酸。
在具体的实施方案中,化学发泡剂包括水、另选地为水。在一个实施方案中,基于异氰酸酯反应性组分和聚异氰酸酯的总重量,存在于异氰酸酯反应性组分中的水的量得到0.02重量%至5重量%、另选地0.02重量%至4重量%、另选地0.02重量%至3重量%、另选地0.02重量%至2重量%、0.02重量%至1重量%、另选地0.03重量%至0.9重量%、另选地0.05重量%至0.8重量%、另选地0.1重量%至0.7重量%的浓度,其在下文进一步描述。
在各种实施方案中,异氰酸酯反应性组分包含物理发泡剂。物理发泡剂可以与化学发泡剂一起使用或替代使用。
在各种实施方案中,物理发泡剂是在暴露于大气压和≥10℃、另选地≥20℃、另选地≥30℃、另选地≥40℃、另选地≥50℃、另选地≥60℃、另选地≥70℃、另选地≥80℃、另选地≥90℃、另选地≥100℃的温度期间经历从液态到气态的相变的物理发泡剂。沸点温度一般取决于物理发泡剂的具体类型。
可用的物理发泡剂包括烃(诸如戊烷、己烷、卤代烃,更具体地氯化和/或氟化烃,例如亚甲基氯化物、氯仿、三氯乙烷、氯氟烃、氢氯氟烃(HCFC))、醚、酮和酯(例如甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯或乙酸乙酯),呈液体形式或作为气体的空气、氮气或二氧化碳。在具体的实施方案中,物理发泡剂包含或者是正戊烷。在某些实施方案中,物理发泡剂包含选自由丙烷、丁烷、异丁烷、异丁烯、异戊烷、环戊烷、正戊烷、二甲醚或它们的混合物组成的组的化合物。在许多实施方案中,发泡剂包含呈惰性的化合物。
在各种实施方案中,物理发泡剂包含氢氟烃(“HFC”)。“氢氟烃”和“HFC”是可互换的术语,并且是指含有氢、碳和氟的有机化合物。所述化合物基本上不含除氟以外的卤素。
合适的HFC的示例包括脂肪族化合物,诸如1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷(HFC-245fa)、1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷(HFC-365mfc)、1-氟丁烷、九氟环戊烷、全氟-2-甲基丁烷、1-氟己烷、全氟-2,3-二甲基丁烷、全氟-1,2-二甲基环丁烷、全氟己烷、全氟异己烷、全氟环己烷、全氟庚烷、全氟乙基环己烷、全氟-1,3-二甲基环己烷和全氟辛烷、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134a);以及芳香族化合物,如氟苯、1,2-二氟苯;1,4-二氟苯、1,3-二氟苯;1,3,5-三氟苯;1,2,4,5-四氟苯、1,2,3,5-四氟苯、1,2,3,4-四氟苯、五氟苯、六氟苯和1-氟-3-(三氟甲基)苯。在某些实施方案中,HFC-365mfc和HFC-245fa由于其增加的可获得性和易用性而可以是优选的,其中HFC-365mfc具有比HFC-245fa更高的沸点,这在某些应用中可能是有用的。例如,沸点高于30℃的HFC诸如HFC-365mfc可能是期望的,因为其在泡沫加工期间不需要液化。
物理发泡剂的另一示例为氢氟烯烃(HFO),诸如反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙-1-烯(HFO-1234ze,以商品名Solstice ze购自Honeywell)、反式-1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HFO-1233zd,以商品名Forane购自Arkema)、2,3,3,3-四氟丙-1-烯(HFO-1234yf,以商品名Solstice yf购自Honeywell,以及以商品名Opteon YF购自Chemours)、顺式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯(HFO-1336mzz-Z,以商品名Opteon MZ购自Chemours)和Opteon 1150。
在具体的实施方案中,异氰酸酯反应性组分包含含有烃的物理发泡剂。在其中异氰酸酯反应性组分包含物理发泡剂的各种实施方案中,基于异氰酸酯反应性组分中100重量份的多元醇,物理发泡剂以大于0重量份至60重量份、另选地5重量份至55重量份、另选地10重量份至50重量份、另选地15重量份至45重量份、另选地20重量份至45重量份、另选地25重量份至45重量份的量存在于异氰酸酯反应性组分中。本发明的表面活性剂在稳定包含此类物理发泡剂的异氰酸酯反应性组分方面具有优异的特性。常规表面活性剂导致在异氰酸酯反应性组分的最终使用之前的相分离,所述异氰酸酯反应性组分包含类似负载的物理发泡剂。
在各种实施方案中,异氰酸酯反应性组分还包含催化剂。尽管异氰酸酯反应性组分通常在催化剂的存在下与聚异氰酸酯反应,但催化剂可在与异氰酸酯反应性组分分开的部分中并且在反应时组合,或者可存在于异氰酸酯反应性组分中,例如在双组分(2k)体系的情况下。
在一个实施方案中,催化剂包含锡催化剂。合适的锡催化剂包括有机羧酸的锡(II)盐,例如乙酸锡(II)、辛酸锡(II)、乙基己酸锡(II)和月桂酸锡(II)。在一个实施方案中,催化剂包含二月桂酸二丁基锡,其为有机羧酸的二烷基锡(IV)盐。合适的有机金属催化剂(例如二月桂酸二丁基锡)的具体示例可从宾夕法尼亚州艾伦镇的空气化工产品有限公司(Air Products and Chemicals,Inc.,Allentown,PA)以商标购得。有机金属催化剂还可包含有机羧酸的其他二烷基锡(IV)盐,如二乙酸二丁基锡、马来酸二丁基锡和二乙酸二辛基锡。
其他合适的催化剂的示例包括氯化铁(II);氯化锌;辛酸铅;三(二烷基氨基烷基)-s-六氢三嗪,包括三(N,N-二甲基氨基丙基)-s-六氢三嗪;四烷基氢氧化铵,包括四甲基氢氧化铵;碱金属氢氧化物,包括氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾;碱金属醇盐,包括甲醇钠和异丙醇钾;以及具有10至20个碳原子和/或侧OH基团的长链脂肪酸的碱金属盐。
其他合适的催化剂,特别是三聚催化剂的其他示例包括N,N,N-二甲基氨基丙基六氢三嗪、钾、乙酸钾、2-乙基己酸钾、N,N,N-三甲基异丙基胺/甲酸盐以及它们的组合。
其他合适的催化剂,特别是叔胺催化剂的其他示例包括二甲基氨基乙醇、二甲基氨基乙氧基乙醇、三乙胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺、三亚乙基二胺(也称为1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷)、N,N-二甲基氨基丙胺、N,N,N',N',N”-五甲基二丙烯三胺、三(二甲基氨基丙基)胺、N,N-二甲基哌嗪、四甲基亚氨基双(丙胺)、二甲基苄胺、三甲胺、三乙醇胺、N,N-二乙基乙醇胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N-甲基吗啉、N-乙基吗啉、双(2-二甲基氨基-乙基)醚、N,N-二甲基环己胺(“DMCHA”)、N,N,N',N',N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺、1,2-二甲基咪唑、3-(二甲基氨基)丙基咪唑、2,4,6-三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚以及它们的组合。(E)催化剂可以包含基于1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(“DBU”)的延迟作用叔胺。另选地或除此之外,催化剂可包含N,N,N'-三甲基-N'-羟乙基-双氨基乙醚和/或乙二胺。叔胺催化剂可以通过添加大约相同化学计量量的含酸性质子的酸诸如苯酚或甲酸进一步改性以用作延迟作用催化剂。这种延迟作用催化剂可从Air Products和Evonik商购获得。
催化剂可以单独使用或置于载体媒介物中。载体媒介物是本领域已知的,并且在下文中进一步描述为异氰酸酯反应性组分的任选组分。如果使用载体媒介物并溶解催化剂,则载体媒介物可被称为溶剂。载体媒介物可以是异氰酸酯反应性的,例如醇官能的载体媒介物,诸如二丙二醇。
催化剂可以各种量使用。催化剂可包含不同催化剂的任何组合。
异氰酸酯反应性组分可任选地还包含添加剂组分。添加剂组分可选自催化剂、发泡剂、增塑剂、交联剂、扩链剂、链终止剂、润湿剂、表面改性剂、蜡、泡沫稳定剂、除湿剂、干燥剂、粘度降低剂、减小泡孔尺寸的化合物、增强剂、染料、颜料、着色剂、填料、阻燃剂、脱模剂、抗氧化剂、相容剂、紫外线稳定剂、触变剂、抗老化剂、润滑剂、偶联剂、溶剂、流变促进剂、粘合促进剂、增稠剂、阻燃剂、抑烟剂、抗静电剂、抗微生物剂以及它们的组合。
一种或多种添加剂可以异氰酸酯反应性组分的任何合适重量百分比(重量%)存在,诸如以异氰酸酯反应性组分的0.1重量%至15重量%、0.5重量%至5重量%、或0.1重量%或更少、1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、9重量%、10重量%、11重量%、12重量%、13重量%、14重量%或15重量%或更多存在。本领域的技术人员可根据例如添加剂的类型和期望的结果容易地测定添加剂的合适量。某些任选添加剂在下文更详细地描述。
合适的载体媒介物包括直链和环状有机硅、有机油、有机溶剂和这些的混合物。
载体媒介物也可为25℃处的粘度在1至1,000mm2/秒范围内的低粘度有机聚硅氧烷或挥发性甲基硅氧烷或挥发性乙基硅氧烷或挥发性甲基乙基硅氧烷,诸如六甲基环三硅氧烷、八甲基环四硅氧烷、十甲基环五硅氧烷、十二甲基环六硅氧烷、八甲基三硅氧烷、十甲基四硅氧烷、十二甲基五硅氧烷、十四甲基六硅氧烷、七甲基-3-{(三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)}三硅氧烷、六甲基-3,3,双{(三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基}三硅氧烷、五甲基{(三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基}环三硅氧烷以及聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚乙基硅氧烷、聚甲基乙基硅氧烷、聚甲基苯基硅氧烷、聚二苯基硅氧烷、辛酰基聚甲基硅氧烷以及它们的任何混合物。
合适的表面活性剂(或“发泡助剂”)包括有机硅聚醚、环氧乙烷聚合物、环氧丙烷聚合物、环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的共聚物、其他非离子表面活性剂及其组合。其他合适的表面活性剂可包括非离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂或此类表面活性剂的混合物。化合物作为表面活性剂存在于异氰酸酯反应性组分中。因此,任何附加的或任选的表面活性剂可被称为补充表面活性剂。
补充表面活性剂可包含氟碳表面活性剂或氟化表面活性剂。氟化表面活性剂可以是本领域中已知的在碳上含有氟原子并且也是表面活性剂的那些化合物中的任一者。这些氟化表面活性剂可以是有机的或含硅的。例如,氟化有机表面活性剂可以是全氟化聚醚,诸如具有下式的重复单元的那些:
含硅的氟化表面活性剂可以是例如硅氧烷,其含有与氟键结的有机基团,如具有下式重复单元的硅氧烷:
在各种实施方案中,将氟化表面活性剂添加到异氰酸酯反应性组分中降低了由其形成的制品的固化泡沫密度。一般来讲,增加异氰酸酯反应性组分中氟化表面活性剂的量会降低泡沫的密度。这对于慢速固化系统尤其如此,在慢速固化系统中,表面活性剂会在网状物形成且固化的同时稳定气泡。
在各种实施方案中,异氰酸酯反应性组分还包含有机聚硅氧烷树脂(“树脂”)。合适的树脂如上文所描述。在某些实施方案中,该树脂为MQ树脂。树脂可用于稳定泡沫。
合适的颜料在本领域中是已知的。在各种实施方案中,异氰酸酯反应性组分还包含碳黑,例如乙炔黑。
异氰酸酯反应性组分可包含一种或多种填料。填料可为一种或多种增强填料、非增强填料、或它们的混合物。细碎增强填料的示例包括高表面积气相和沉淀二氧化硅,其包括稻壳灰和一定程度的碳酸钙。热解法二氧化硅可包括表面官能化的类型,诸如亲水性或疏水性的,并且以商品名CAB-O-SIL购自卡博特公司(Cabot Corporation)。细分的非增强填料的示例包括粉碎的石英、硅藻土、硫酸钡、氧化铁、二氧化钛和碳黑、滑石、和硅灰石。其他可单独使用或除上述之外的填料包括碳纳米管例如多壁碳纳米管矾土石、空心玻璃球、硫酸钙(硬石膏)、石膏、硫酸钙、碳酸镁、粘土诸如高岭土、三水合氧化铝、氢氧化镁(水镁石)、石墨、碳酸铜例如孔雀石、碳酸镍例如翠镍矿(zarachite)、碳酸钡例如毒重石和/或碳酸锶例如菱锶矿。另外的另选填料包括氧化铝,选自以下的硅酸盐:橄榄石类、石榴石类;硅铝酸盐;环硅酸盐;链状硅酸盐;和片状硅酸盐。在某些实施方案中,异氰酸酯反应性组分包含至少一种填料,该填料包含中空颗粒,例如中空球。此类填料可用于有助于泡沫的孔隙率和/或总体空隙率。当使用时,基于异氰酸酯反应性组分的总重量,填料可以0.01重量%至50重量%、另选地0.05重量%至40重量%、另选地0.1重量%至35重量%的量用于异氰酸酯反应性组分中。此外,基于异氰酸酯反应性组分的总重量,热解法二氧化硅(如果使用)的用量可为0.01重量%至5重量%、另选地0.05重量%至3重量%、另选地0.1重量%至2.5重量%、另选地0.2重量%至2.2重量%。
填料(如果存在的话)可任选用处理剂进行表面处理。处理剂和处理方法是本领域理解的。填料的表面处理通常例如用脂肪酸或脂肪酸酯诸如硬脂酸酯,或用有机硅烷、有机硅氧烷或有机硅氮烷诸如六烷基二硅氮烷或短链硅氧烷二醇执行。通常,表面处理使得填料成为疏水性,并且因此更容易处理并获得与异氰酸酯反应性组分中的其他组分的均匀混合物。硅烷诸如R5 eSi(OR6)4-e也可用作填料的处理剂,其中R5为6至20个碳原子的取代或未取代的单价烃基团,例如烷基基团,诸如己基、辛基、十二烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基和十八烷基,以及芳烷基基团,诸如苄基和苯乙基,R6为1至6个碳原子的烷基基团,并且下标“e”等于1、2或3。
在各种实施方案中,异氰酸酯反应性组分还包含粘合赋予剂。粘附性赋予剂可以改善泡沫与固化期间所接触的基底材料的粘附性。在某些实施方案中,粘合赋予剂选自在分子中具有至少一个键合到硅原子的烷氧基基团的有机硅化合物。该烷氧基基团的示例为甲氧基基团、乙氧基基团、丙氧基基团、丁氧基基团和甲氧基乙氧基基团。此外,键合到该有机硅化合物的硅原子的非烷氧基基团的示例为:取代或未取代的一价烃基团,诸如烷基基团、烯基基团、芳基基团、芳烷基基团、卤代烷基基团等;含环氧基的一价有机基团,诸如3-环氧丙氧丙基基团、4-环氧丙氧丁基基团或类似的环氧丙氧烷基基团;2-(3,4-环氧环己基)乙基基团、3-(3,4-环氧环己基)丙基基团或类似的环氧环己烷基基团;和4-氧杂环丙丁基基团、8-氧杂环丙辛基基团或类似的氧杂环丙烷基基团;含有丙烯酸基的一价有机基团,诸如3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基等;以及氢原子。
该有机硅化合物通常具有硅键合的烯基基团或硅键合的氢原子。此外,由于能够赋予相对于各种类型基体材料的良好粘附性的能力,因此该有机硅化合物通常在分子中具有至少一个含有环氧基基团的一价有机基团。这种类型的有机硅化合物的示例为有机硅烷化合物、有机硅氧烷低聚物和硅酸烷基酯。有机硅氧烷低聚物或硅酸烷基酯的分子结构的示例为直链结构、部分支化的直链结构、支链结构、环状结构和网状结构。直链结构、支链结构和网状结构是典型的。这种类型的有机硅化合物的示例为:硅烷化合物,诸如3-缩水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、2-(3,4-环氧基环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷等;硅氧烷化合物,其在分子中具有至少一个硅键合的烯基基团或硅键合的氢原子和至少一个硅键合的烷氧基基团;具有至少一个硅键合的烷氧基基团的硅烷化合物或硅氧烷化合物与在分子中具有至少一个硅键合的羟基基团和至少一个硅键合的烯基基团的硅氧烷化合物的混合物;以及甲基聚硅酸盐、乙基聚硅酸盐和含有环氧基基团的乙基聚硅酸盐。
在具体的实施方案中,异氰酸酯反应性组分,特别是异氰酸酯反应性组分,还可包含扩链剂。合适的扩链剂包括上文列出的作为多元醇的引发剂的任何组分,其可以单独使用或作为扩链剂组合使用,当存在时,与多元醇分开和除了多元醇之外。
如果用于异氰酸酯反应性组分中,则任何任选的添加剂可存在于异氰酸酯反应性组分中或作为组合物中的单独组分存在。另选地,非异氰酸酯反应性的任选添加剂例如填料等可与聚异氰酸酯一起包含在下述异氰酸酯组分中。通常,组合物为2k(双组分)组合物,其中异氰酸酯组分由聚异氰酸酯和包含所用的剩余组分的异氰酸酯反应性组分组成。
在某些实施方案中,异氰酸酯反应性组分在25℃处的粘度小于1,500厘泊、另选地小于1,400厘泊、另选地小于1,300厘泊、另选地小于1,200厘泊、另选地小于1,100厘泊、另选地小于1,000厘泊、另选地小于900厘泊、另选地小于875厘泊、另选地小于850厘泊。动态粘度可以经由具有45mm锥板几何形状的TA Instruments AR 2000流变仪以10s-1的恒定剪切速率和3℃/min的升温速率从20℃升温至80℃来测量。运动粘度可以根据ASTM D445测量。即使当组合物为2k组合物并且异氰酸酯反应性组分包含组合物中除聚异氰酸酯以外的所有物质时,这些范围也适用。该粘度范围允许异氰酸酯反应性组分自由流动,这对于需要在某些基底或制品中或上发泡的某些最终用途应用是有利的,包括限定间隙和/或孔口的那些。
本公开还提供了一种组合物,该组合物包含:(1)异氰酸酯反应性组分;(2)包含聚异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯组分;以及催化剂。如上所述,催化剂通常存在于组合物中的(1)异氰酸酯反应性组分中。然而,催化剂可另选地存在于(2)异氰酸酯组分中,或者与(1)异氰酸酯反应性组分和(2)异氰酸酯组分分开。
合适的聚异氰酸酯具有两个或更多个异氰酸酯官能团,并且包括常规的脂族、脂环族、芳脂族和芳族异氰酸酯。聚异氰酸酯可选自二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(“MDI”)、聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(“pMDI”)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(“TDI”)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(“HDI”)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(“HMDI”)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(“IPDI”)、环己基二异氰酸酯(“CHDI”)、萘二异氰酸酯(“NDI”)、苯基二异氰酸酯(“PDI”)以及它们的组合。在某些实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯包含pMDI、基本上由pMDI组成或是pMDI。在一个实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯具有式OCN-R-NCO,其中R为烷基部分、芳基部分或芳烷基部分。在该实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯可包含任何数目的碳原子,通常4至20个碳原子。
合适的聚异氰酸酯的具体示例包括:在亚烷基基团中具有4至12个碳的亚烷基二异氰酸酯,诸如1,12-十二烷二异氰酸酯、2-乙基-1,4-四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2-甲基-1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,4-四亚甲基二异氰酸酯,以及优选地1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯;脂环族二异氰酸酯,诸如1,3-和1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯以及这些异构体的任何混合物、1-异氰酸基-3,3,5-三甲基-5-异氰酸根合甲基环己烷、2,4-和2,6-六氢甲苯二异氰酸酯及其对应的异构体混合物、4,4'-2,2'-和2,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯及其对应的异构体混合物、芳族二异氰酸酯和聚异氰酸酯(诸如2,4-和2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯)及其对应的异构体混合物、4,4'-,2,4'-和2,2'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯及其对应的异构体混合物、4,4'-,2,4'-和2,2-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和聚亚苯基多亚甲基聚异氰酸酯的混合物,以及MDI和甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)的混合物。
聚异氰酸酯可包括改性多价异氰酸酯,即通过有机二异氰酸酯和/或聚异氰酸酯的部分化学反应获得的产物。合适的改性多价异氰酸酯的示例包括含有酯基、脲基、缩二脲基、脲基甲酸酯基、碳二亚胺基、异氰脲酸酯基和/或氨基甲酸酯基的二异氰酸酯和/或聚异氰酸酯。合适的改性多价异氰酸酯的具体示例包括含有氨基甲酸酯基团且NCO含量基于总重量为15至33.6重量份的有机聚异氰酸酯,例如低分子量的二醇、三醇、二亚烷基二醇、三亚烷基二醇或分子量高达6000的聚氧化烯二醇;改性的4,4'-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯或2,4-和2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯,其中可以单独使用或作为混合物使用的二氧化烯和聚氧化烯二醇的示例包括二乙二醇、二丙二醇、聚氧乙二醇、聚氧丙二醇、聚氧乙二醇、聚氧丙二醇和聚氧丙烯聚氧乙二醇或三醇。含有NCO基团的NCO含量基于异氰酸酯的总重量为3.5重量份至29重量份并由聚酯多元醇和/或聚醚多元醇制备的预聚物;4,4'-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4'-和4,4'-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯的混合物、2,4-和/或2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯或聚合MDI也是合适的。此外,含有碳二亚胺基团的NCO含量基于(2)异氰酸酯组分的总重量为15重量份至33.6重量份的液态聚异氰酸酯也可能是合适的,例如基于4,4'-和2,4'-和/或2,2'-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯和/或2,4'-和/或2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯。改性的聚异氰酸酯可任选地混合在一起或与未改性的有机聚异氰酸酯(如2,4'-和4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、聚合MDI、2,4'-和/或2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯)混合。
应当理解,聚异氰酸酯可包括基于官能度、分子量、粘度或结构而彼此不同的两种或更多种多异氰酸酯的任何组合。在具体的实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯包含pMDI、基本上由pMDI组成或是pMDI。
聚异氰酸酯的官能度通常为2.0至5.0、另选地2.0至4.5、另选地2.0至4.0、另选地2.0至3.5。
在这些或其他实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯具有15重量%至60重量%、另选地15重量%至55重量%、另选地20重量%至48.5重量%的NCO。基于具体异氰酸酯的官能度和分子量,确定NCO重量含量的方法是本领域已知的。
在某些实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯通常以提供80至200、另选地80至130、另选地85至125、另选地90至120、另选地95至120、另选地100至120、另选地105至115的异氰酸酯指数的量存在于组合物中。在其他实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯通常以提供80至800、另选地90至700、另选地100至600、另选地150至500、另选地200至300的异氰酸酯指数的量存在于组合物中。异氰酸酯指数是NCO与异氰酸酯反应性氢官能团的摩尔比乘以100。异氰酸酯指数及其计算方法是本领域熟知的。
组合物可通过将(1)异氰酸酯反应性组分和(2)异氰酸酯组分以及任何任选组分(如果不存在于(1)异氰酸酯反应性组分中)以任何添加顺序组合来制备。如下文更详细地描述,组合物可以是单组分组合物、双组分(2K)组合物或多组分组合物。当组合(1)异氰酸酯反应性组分和(2)异氰酸酯组分时,特别是在催化剂的存在下,引发反应,这会产生发泡制品。发泡制品可在室温和环境条件下形成。另选地,可以在发泡制品的形成过程中选择性地改变至少一种条件,例如温度、湿度、压力等。
还公开了包含组合物的反应产物的发泡制品。发泡制品可以是发泡聚氨酯、发泡聚异氰脲酸酯或发泡聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯,具体取决于异氰酸酯反应性组分的多元醇和异氰酸酯组分的聚异氰酸酯的选择。
在许多实施方案中,发泡制品是闭孔泡沫。然而,发泡制品也可以是开孔泡沫或闭孔和开孔泡沫两者。
在各种实施方案中,发泡制品具有尺寸和/或形状和/或分布大致均匀的孔。
平均孔径可以通过本领域中已知的方法来确定。例如,可以使用具有以下修改的ATSM方法D3576-15:(1)使用光学或电子显微镜对泡沫成像,而不是将图像投影在屏幕上;以及(2)划一条跨越大于15个泡孔的已知长度的线,而不是一条30mm线。
发泡制品以及包含基底和发泡制品一起的复合材料制品可通过将组合物设置在基底上并固化组合物而形成。
组合物可以任何合适的方式布置或分配在基底上。通常,经由湿式涂布技术以湿形式施加可固化组合物。可固化组合物可通过以下方式施加:i)旋涂;ii)刷涂;iii)滴涂;iv)喷涂;v)浸涂;vi)辊涂;vii)流涂;viii)槽式涂布;ix)凹面涂布;x)Meyer棒涂布;或xi)i)至x)中的任何两种或更多种的组合。
基底不受限制并且可为任何基底。发泡制品可以与基底分离,例如如果基底是模具,或者可以根据其选择物理和/或化学结合到基底。基底可任选地具有连续或不连续的形状、尺寸、维度、表面粗糙度和其他特性。
另选地,基底可包括塑料,其可以是热固性和/或热塑性的。然而,基底可以另选地是或包括玻璃、陶瓷、金属诸如钛、镁、铝、碳钢、不锈钢、镀镍钢或这些金属或多种金属的合金,或不同材料的组合。因为该组合物可在环境条件下固化,所以不需要升高的温度来实现固化,这会损坏某些基底。
合适的基底的具体示例包括聚合物基底诸如聚酰胺(PA);聚酯,诸如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)和液晶聚酯;聚烯烃诸如聚乙烯(PE)、乙烯/酸性单体共聚物(诸如以商品名Surlyn购自Dow)、聚丙烯(PP)和聚丁烯;聚苯乙烯(PS)和其他苯乙烯类树脂SB橡胶;聚甲醛(POM);聚碳酸酯(PC);聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA);聚氯乙烯(PVC);聚苯硫醚(PPS);聚苯醚(PPE);聚酰亚胺(PI);聚酰胺酰亚胺(PAI);聚醚酰亚胺(PEI);聚砜(PSU);聚醚砜;聚酮(PK);聚醚酮;聚乙烯醇(PVA);聚醚醚酮(PEEK);聚醚酮酮(PEKK);聚芳酯(PAR);聚醚腈(PEN);酚醛树脂;苯氧基树脂;纤维素,诸如三乙酰纤维素、二乙酰纤维素和玻璃纸;氟化树脂,诸如聚四氟乙烯;热塑性弹性体,诸如聚苯乙烯型、聚烯烃型、聚氨酯型、聚酯型、聚酰胺型、聚丁二烯型、聚异戊二烯型和氟型;以及它们的共聚物和组合。热固性树脂可包括环氧树脂、聚氨酯、聚脲、酚醛树脂、脲醛树脂或它们的组合。基底可包括设置在其上的涂层、膜或层。可以使用由聚合物胶乳制成的涂料,诸如由丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸、其他烷基丙烯酸酯、其他烷基丙烯酸、苯乙烯、异戊二烯丁烯单体制成的胶乳、或由前述酸单体的烷基酯制成的胶乳、或由前述单体的共聚物制成的胶乳。基于这些树脂中的任一种的复合材料可通过与玻璃纤维、碳纤维或固体填料诸如碳酸钙、粘土、氢氧化铝、氧化铝、二氧化硅、玻璃球、锯屑、木纤维或它们的组合相组合而用作基底。
在具体的实施方案中,基底限定至少一个间隙,并且设置组合物包括将组合物设置在至少一个间隙中,使得发泡制品存在于复合材料制品中的间隙内。在一些实施方案中,组合物通常是可流动的,并且在环境条件(包括室温和大气压)下将符合基底的形状。
示出本公开的实施方案的以下实施例旨在示出而非限制本发明。除非另有说明,否则所有反应均在空气下进行,并且所有组分均从各商业供应商处购买或以其他方式获得。
参考例1
参考例1的一般程序是制备一种组分(A),即(A)有机氢硅氧烷。
在参考例1中,本体反应溶剂通过使其通过氧化铝和Q5反应性清除剂(称为Cu-0226 S,由BASF提供)的柱来干燥。所有其他溶剂以无水级购自Aldrich,并且在使用之前储存在活化的分子筛上。NMR溶剂(CDCl3、CD2Cl2和C6D6)从Cambridge IsotopeLaboratories,Inc.获得,经活性/>分子筛干燥或,在C6D6的情况下,使用Na/K合金干燥。1-溴-2,5-双(三氟甲基)苯购自Oakwood Chemical。在使用之前,使用1.00M癸醇的甲苯溶液,用1,10-菲咯啉作为指示剂滴定正丁基锂(己烷溶液)。1
在以下仪器中的一种上收集多核NMR光谱(1H、13C、19F、29Si、11B):Varian MR-400或Varian VNMRS-500。11B NMR光谱仅在Varian VNMRS-500上收集。1H和13C NMR化学位移以相对于残余溶剂峰的百万分之份数表示:1H-对于CD2Cl2为5.32ppm,对于C6D6为7.15ppm,对于CDCl3为7.25ppm;13C-对于CD2Cl2为54.00ppm,对于C6D6为128.00ppm,对于CDCl3为77.00ppm。11BNMR化学位移从外部参考BF3(Et2O)(0ppm),19F NMR化学位移从外部参考CFCl3(0ppm)。除使用干冰或冰作为唯一冷却手段外,低于环境的反应温度使用具有细JKEM传感器PTFE导线K36INJ的Extech Instruments EasyViewTM10Dual K型号EA 10温度计进行测量。
用于制备某些种类的组分(A)的催化剂如下合成:
异丙氧基双(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)(2,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)硼酸锂的制备
将正丁基锂(4.00mL,2.535M的己烷溶液,10.14mmol)缓慢添加到1-溴-2,5-双(三氟甲基)苯(3.00g,10.24mmol)在乙醚(200mL)中的冷(-78℃,CO2(s)浴)溶液中。将反应混合物在-78℃处搅拌1小时。缓慢添加乙醚(18mL)中的异丙氧基-双(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)硼烷(5.036g,10.15mmol)。将反应混合物在-78℃处搅拌数小时。将溶液升温至环境温度,同时搅拌过夜,得到淡黄色澄清溶液。从反应混合物中去除挥发物,得到黄色油状物。将油状物用苯萃取。没有不溶物。从反应混合物中去除挥发物,得到黄色油状物。产率为7.88g,98.3%。
1H NMR(400MHz,苯-d6)δ8.06(s,1H),8.00(s,4H),7.70(dt,J=1.8,0.9Hz,2H),7.40(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),3.79(hept,J=6.1Hz,1H),2.78(q,J=7.1Hz,4H),0.73(d,J=6.1Hz,6H),0.54(t,J=7.1Hz,6H)。13C NMR(101MHz,苯-d6)δ158.31,153.97,135.44(q,J=3.7Hz),135.23,133.55(t,J=4.1Hz),133.25,133.18,132.37(d,J=97.8Hz),130.92(q,J=32.0Hz),127.80(q,J=273.9Hz),124.92(q,J=272.5Hz),124.66(q,J=272.8Hz),123.86(q,J=3.8Hz),119.86(p,J=3.9Hz),66.24,66.17,25.60,13.94。19F NMR(376MHz,苯-d6)δ-55.30–-55.51(m),-62.82,-63.61。11B NMR(160MHz,苯-d6)δ2.16。
在氮气吹扫的手套箱中,通过将以上新鲜制备的催化剂溶解于无水甲苯中,在玻璃小瓶中制备1重量%催化剂溶液。在玻璃小瓶中放置环状聚有机氢硅氧烷(DP=4至6的环状聚甲基氢硅氧烷混合物,粗物质(制备后未纯化),11.2g)和特氟隆涂覆的搅拌棒。经由微量移液管向搅拌的溶液中添加催化剂溶液(例如225μL),然后在1小时内缓慢添加硅烷醇封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷,平均DP=10.8(例如8.4g)。取出反应混合物的等分试样,用一滴苯乙炔淬灭并通过在含有Cr(acac)3作为NMR弛豫剂(~1g/100mL)的CDCl3中的29Si NMR进行分析。通过比较HOSi(Me)2O-(MOH)与MeSiO3(T)的信号建立转化率。1.3小时内的转化率为99%。
上述一般程序中的稳定性如下监测:在氮气吹扫的手套箱中,通过将固体催化剂样品溶解于无水甲苯中,在玻璃小瓶中制备1重量%的上述催化剂的溶液。在玻璃小瓶中放置环状聚有机氢硅氧烷(5g)和特氟隆涂覆的搅拌棒。经由微量移液管向搅拌的溶液中添加催化剂溶液(例如100.5μL)。随时间取样等分试样并用苯乙炔/甲苯混合物淬灭,使得甲苯可充当内标。然后通过GC分析等分试样。通过监测环状聚有机氢硅氧烷与甲苯标准物的比率来比较反应的相对量。在添加硅烷醇封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷之前随时间监测循环状聚有机氢硅氧烷。
如下测量下述熔点和凝固点温度:
使用5位分析天平,获得具有Tzero密封盖的Tzero盘的质量。将7mg-12mg的特定样品置于盘中,并且使用镊子将盘置于蓝色密封下部模具中并用密封盖覆盖。将下部模具放置到盘式压制机中,并且移动压制杆以将盖子气密密封到盘上。用镊子取出盘并置于自动取样器中。自动取样器采用以下测试方案:
采样间隔:0.20s/pt
数据存储:关闭
在60℃处平衡
等温5.00min
数据存储:打开
以-10.000℃/min的速率升温至-90℃
等温10.00分钟
标记周期1结束
以10.000℃/min的速率升温至60℃
标记周期2结束
数据存储:关闭
在40.00℃处平衡
制备例1-4和比较性制备例1-2中使用的各种组分列于下表1中。
表1:所利用的组分/化合物
制备例1
向250mL 3颈圆底烧瓶中装入54.94g组分(B3)和30.14g载体。然后为烧瓶配备顶置式机械搅拌器(具有特氟隆搅拌桨的玻璃棒)、具有氮气入口的热电偶和连接到鼓泡器的水冷冷凝器。在轻微氮气吹扫和剧烈搅拌(275rpm)下,用铝加热块将烧瓶的内容物加热至78℃。将0.16g组分(C)(0.5重量%Pt)置于烧瓶中。然后,将15.11g组分(A1)逐步地置于烧瓶中。具体地,一次添加1mL组分(C),直到烧瓶的温度稳定并且烧瓶的内容物变得光学透明,重复直到总计15.11g组分(A1)置于烧瓶中。在组分(A1)的逐步添加期间,将另外0.17g组分(C)置于烧瓶中。将所用的组分(A1)的总量置于烧瓶中后,将烧瓶的内容物在回流(约84℃)下加热约1.5h,得到澄清的琥珀色溶液。在真空下用热(6托,100℃持续1h)汽提所得澄清琥珀色溶液的挥发物,以得到反应产物。将反应产物转移到广口瓶中,并测得具有-15.7℃的凝固点和18.1℃的熔点。
制备例2
向250mL 3颈圆底烧瓶中装入16.94克组分(A2)和30.9g载体。然后为烧瓶配备顶置式机械搅拌器(具有特氟隆搅拌桨的玻璃棒)、具有氮气入口的热电偶和连接到鼓泡器的水冷冷凝器。在轻微氮气吹扫和剧烈搅拌(275rpm)下,用铝加热块将烧瓶的内容物加热至75℃。用10g载体稀释43.08g组分(B1),得到混合物。然后,将25g混合物经由注射器添加到烧瓶中,再用0.191mL组分(C)(1重量%Pt)催化烧瓶的内容物。将剩余量的混合物添加到烧瓶中,然后添加另外76μL(得到10ppm Pt)组分(C)。将烧瓶的内容物在回流(约84℃)下加热约1.5h,得到澄清的琥珀色溶液。在真空下用热(6托,100℃持续1h)汽提澄清的琥珀色溶液的挥发物,以得到反应产物。将反应产物转移到广口瓶中,一旦冷却至室温,其增稠至蜂蜜状稠度。测得反应产物具有5.5℃的凝固点和30.6℃的熔点。
制备例3
向250mL 3颈圆底烧瓶中装入33.89g组分(B4)和30g载体。然后为烧瓶配备顶置式机械搅拌器、具有氮气入口的热电偶和连接到鼓泡器的水冷冷凝器。在轻微氮气吹扫和剧烈搅拌(275rpm)下,用铝加热块将烧瓶的内容物加热至78℃。然后,将2克组分(A2)经由注射器添加到烧瓶中,再用0.12mL组分(C)(1重量%Pt)催化烧瓶的内容物。在约60min内,将剩余的组分(A2)(即,24.17g)以1-2mL的部分与另外量的组分(C)(5ppm Pt.)一起添加半程,同时保持温度为80-81℃,得到澄清的浅黄色溶液。在真空和加热(6托,100℃持续1h)下汽提澄清浅黄色溶液的挥发物,得到呈粘性黄色液体形式的反应产物。测得反应产物具有-25.9℃的凝固点和-2.2℃的熔点。
制备例4
向250mL 3颈圆底烧瓶中装入8.30g组分(A3)、32g载体和51.94g组分(B5)。然后为烧瓶配备顶置式机械搅拌器(具有特氟隆搅拌桨的玻璃棒)、具有氮气入口的热电偶和连接到鼓泡器的水冷冷凝器。在轻微氮气吹扫和剧烈搅拌(275rpm)下,用加热套将烧瓶的内容物加热至约70℃。用0.32mL组分(C)(对于20ppm Pt,0.5重量%Pt)催化烧瓶中的反应。在使反应在烧瓶中进行3小时以得到反应混合物之后,在真空下汽提反应混合物并在80℃处加热(低至30托)1h。
比较性制备例1
向250mL 3颈圆底烧瓶中装入30.1g载体、46.19g组分(B1)和17.61g组分(A1’)。然后为烧瓶配备顶置式机械搅拌器(具有特氟隆搅拌桨的玻璃棒)、具有氮气入口的热电偶和连接到鼓泡器的水冷冷凝器。在轻微氮气吹扫和剧烈搅拌(275rpm)下,用加热套将烧瓶的内容物加热至68.0℃。然后用0.122mL组分(C)(对于15ppm Pt,1重量%Pt)催化反应。来自反应的烧瓶温度从68.0℃升至79.7℃,在接近79.5℃时澄清。然后将烧瓶的内容物加热回流1小时,再冷却至室温过夜,得到黄色溶液。在真空(6托,升至100℃,保持1小时)下汽提黄色溶液的挥发物,得到黄色液体。测得黄色液体具有13.1℃的凝固点和30.8℃的熔点。
比较性制备例2
向250mL 3颈圆底烧瓶中装入55.39g组分(B2)、20.20g组分(A2’)和39g载体。然后为烧瓶配备顶置式机械搅拌器(具有特氟隆搅拌桨的玻璃棒)、具有氮气入口的热电偶和连接到鼓泡器的水冷冷凝器。在轻微氮气吹扫和剧烈搅拌(275rpm)下,用铝加热块将烧瓶的内容物加热至约70℃。然后用0.05mL组分(C)(1重量%Pt,得到5ppm Pt)催化反应。在加热块上将设定点改变为90℃,并将反应在回流下加热1小时。在接近83℃时反应澄清,同时升温,得到澄清的琥珀色液体。然后在真空(6托,100℃持续2h)下汽提澄清的琥珀色液体以得到反应产物,其在冷却至RT时固化。
实施例1-3和比较例1-2:
用制备例1-4和比较性制备例1-2中形成的一些化合物(即,反应产物)制备异氰酸酯反应性组分。具体地,实施例1利用制备例1的化合物,实施例2利用制备例2的化合物,实施例3利用制备例3的化合物,比较例1利用比较性制备例1的化合物,并且比较例2利用比较性制备例2的化合物。制备例1-3和比较性制备例1-2的化合物在实施例1-3和比较例1-2的异氰酸酯反应性组分中用作表面活性剂。
下表2列出了实施例1-3和比较例1-2的异氰酸酯反应性组分中利用的每种组分的量。下表2中的每个值是基于100重量份多元醇的重量份。在实施例1-3和比较例1-2中利用相同的组分和量,不同的是表面活性剂,其是如上所述在制备例1-3和比较性制备例1-2的每一者中制备的相应化合物。参考下表2中的表面活性剂对于上述实施例1-3和比较例1-2中的每一者是不同的。
表2:
实施例1-3和比较例1-2的一般程序:
实施例1-3和比较例1-2中的每一者遵循用于制备相应异氰酸酯反应性组分的相同一般程序。具体地,在实施例1-3和比较例1-2的每一者中,制备60g样品用于经由Turbiscan进行分析,具有足够的乳液用于目视观察和检查小瓶。在实施例1-3和比较例1-2的每一者中,将所利用的特定表面活性剂与多元醇、发泡剂1、阻燃剂、催化剂1、催化剂2和催化剂3在250mL Nalgene瓶中混合以得到预共混物。使用空气驱动的混合器将发泡剂2混合到预共混物中,以避免发泡剂2的点燃源。添加另外1-2克发泡剂2以解决混合期间的挥发/蒸发。在约3000rpm下使用小的3叶片螺旋桨以获得预共混物和发泡剂2的乳液。乳化时间根据表面活性剂从三十秒到五分钟变化。将乳液称重,并且如果需要,将发泡剂2的量调节至乳液的35±2重量%。将乳液立即转移到30mL小瓶中,用于在室温处目视观察。一旦目视观察到乳液中的乳状液分层或破裂,观察停止。目视观察结果列于下表3中。在特定异氰酸酯反应性组分的相分离(例如经由破裂和/或乳状液分层)时,观察到稳定性并确定不再存在。
表3:实施例1-3和比较例1-2的一般程序的稳定性。
实施例 | 稳定持续时间 |
实施例1 | 2天 |
实施例2 | 7天 |
实施例3 | <1h |
比较例1 | <12h |
比较例2 | <1h |
假想实施例1-3和假想比较例1-2:
以上实施例1-3和比较例1-2的异氰酸酯反应性组分用于制备聚氨酯泡沫。具体地,实施例1-3和比较例1-2的每种异氰酸酯反应性组分与包含MDI(pMDI)的聚亚甲基聚苯基异氰酸酯反应,所述MDI具有根据ASTM D5155测量的30.9%的NCO含量和根据ASTM D4889测量的500mPa·s至1,000mPa·s的25℃处的动态粘度。基于每种异氰酸酯反应性组分中100重量份的多元醇,pMDI以350重量份的量与实施例1-3和比较例1-2的每一者中的异氰酸酯反应性组分反应。
术语“包含”及其衍生意,诸如“具有”和“含有”在本文中以其最广泛的意义使用,意指并且涵盖“包括”、“基本上由…组成”和“由…组成”的概念。使用“例如”、“举例来说”、“诸如”和“包括”来列出示例性示例,不意味着仅限于所列出的示例。因此,“例如”或“诸如”意指“例如,但不限于”或“诸如,但不限于”并且涵盖其他类似或等同的示例。
一般来讲,如本文所用,在值的范围内的连字符“-”或破折号“–”为“至”或“到”;“>”为“高于”或“大于”;“≥”为“至少”或“大于或等于”;“<”为“低于”或“小于”;并且“≤”为“至多”或“小于或等于”。前述的专利申请、专利和/或专利申请公开中的每一者各自在一个或多个非限制性实施方案中明确地全文以引用方式并入文本。
应当理解,所附权利要求不限于具体实施方式中描述的专门和特定的化合物、组合物或方法,其可以在落入所附权利要求的范围内的特定实施方案之间变化。
Claims (15)
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中:(i)每个R为不含脂族不饱和基团的独立选择的未取代的烃基基团;(ii)每个下标p独立地为1至4;(iii)下标n为1至200;或(iv)(i)至(iii)的任何组合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中所述(B)聚醚化合物具有式R2O(CmH2mO)qR3,其中R2为脂族不饱和基团,下标m在由下标q表示的每个部分中独立地选自2至4;下标q为1至200;并且R3选自R1、H和-C(O)R1,其中R1是独立选择的并且如上文所定义。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中所述(B)聚醚化合物具有式R2O(C2H4O)x(C3H6O)y(C4H8O)zR3,其中R2为脂族不饱和基团;
0≤x≤200;0≤y≤200;并且0≤z≤200;条件是下标x、y和z不同时为0,并且由下标x、y和z表示的单元在所述(B)聚醚化合物中能够呈无规或嵌段形式;并且R3选自R1、H和-C(O)R1,其中R1是独立选择的并且如上文所定义。
5.一种有机硅聚醚表面活性剂,所述有机硅聚醚表面活性剂通过在组分(C)的存在下组分(A)和(B)的反应获得,其中组分(A)、(B)和(C)如权利要求1至4中任一项所述。
7.根据权利要求6所述的化合物,其中:(i)每个R为不含脂族不饱和基团的独立选择的未取代的烃基基团;(ii)每个R4为聚醚基团;(iii)每个下标p独立地为1至4;(iv)下标n为1至200;或(v)(i)至(iv)的任何组合。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的化合物,其中R4的所述聚醚基团具有式-D-O(CmH2mO)qR3,其中D为二价连接基团,下标m在由下标q表示的每个部分中独立地选自2至4;下标q为1至200;并且R3选自R1、H和-C(O)R1,其中R1是独立选择的并且如上文所定义。
9.根据权利要求6或7所述的化合物,其中R4的聚醚基团具有式-D-O(C2H4O)x(C3H6O)y(C4H8O)zR3,其中D为二价连接基团;0≤x≤200;
0≤y≤200;并且0≤z≤200;条件是x、y和z不同时为0,并且由下标x、y和z表示的单元在所述聚醚基团中能够呈无规或嵌段形式;并且R3选自R1、H和-C(O)R1,其中R1是独立选择的并且如上文所定义。
10.根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的化合物作为表面活性剂的用途。
11.一种异氰酸酯反应性组分,所述异氰酸酯反应性组分包含:
多元醇;以及
表面活性剂,其中所述表面活性剂包含根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的化合物。
12.一种组合物,所述组合物包含:
(1)根据权利要求11所述的异氰酸酯反应性组分;
(2)包含聚异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯组分;以及
催化剂。
13.根据权利要求12所述的组合物,其中:(i)所述多元醇包含聚醚多元醇和/或聚酯多元醇;(ii)所述聚异氰酸酯包含聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯;(iii)所述组合物还包含发泡剂;(iv)基于所述组合物的总重量,所述组合物包含0.1重量%至10重量%的量的所述表面活性剂;
或(v)(i)至(iv)的任何组合。
14.一种制备制品的方法,所述方法包括:
使根据权利要求11所述的异氰酸酯反应性组分和包含聚异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯组分在催化剂和发泡剂的存在下反应以得到所述制品;
其中所述制品包含聚氨酯泡沫和/或聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。
15.一种制品,所述制品包含根据权利要求11至13中任一项所述的组合物的反应产物或者根据权利要求14所述的方法形成。
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