CN116121373A - Etv4及其表达产物在制备诊断和治疗膀胱癌药物中的应用 - Google Patents
Etv4及其表达产物在制备诊断和治疗膀胱癌药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116121373A CN116121373A CN202211116905.6A CN202211116905A CN116121373A CN 116121373 A CN116121373 A CN 116121373A CN 202211116905 A CN202211116905 A CN 202211116905A CN 116121373 A CN116121373 A CN 116121373A
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Abstract
本发明提供了ETV4及其表达产物在制备诊断和治疗膀胱癌药物中的应用。本发明通过比对膀胱癌临床标本中基因表达结果发现ETV4在淋巴结转移阳性的膀胱癌组织中高表达，与总体生存预后呈负相关，可以作为标志物提示膀胱癌淋巴结转移，而且可以作为独立指标预测患者生存预后；本发明通过膀胱癌细胞体内外功能实验发现沉默ETV4能够抑制膀胱癌细胞淋巴转移；本发明首次发现ETV4是膀胱癌的一个重要致癌因子，ETV4可作为诊断膀胱癌和判断预后的分子标志物，以及治疗膀胱癌的新靶点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于分子诊断和生物医药技术领域，具体涉及ETV4及其表达产物在制备诊断和治疗膀胱癌药物中的应用。
背景技术
2020年，膀胱癌在全球新发573,278例，其死亡病例212,536例，在所有恶性肿瘤中排名第10，是国内最常见的泌尿系统恶性肿瘤。值得注意的是，膀胱癌患者中约25％的患者肌层浸润性膀胱癌，具有较高的淋巴转移风险，相对比于淋巴转移阴性患者，淋巴转移阳性患者术后五年生存率会由70％急剧下降至25％-31％，而且术后复发率是淋巴转移阴性患者的3倍以上。此外，目前临床上针对膀胱癌淋巴转移患者的治疗方法主要是手术结合新辅助化疗或术后化疗，方法局限，治疗效果不佳，因此，早期诊断膀胱癌淋巴转移、准确预测患者预后，并采取合理治疗方案，对延长患者生存极为重要。鉴定预测膀胱癌淋巴转移和生存预后的标志物，明确阻断或抑制膀胱癌淋巴转移的新治疗靶点，成为目前临床上亟需解决的热点和难点问题。
转录因子ETV4归属于ETS转录因子家族，在胚胎及器官发育与肿瘤增殖及转移等多种生物学及疾病进展中发挥重要功能。例如，ETV4通过调控CXCR4,MYB,MET,MMP14等基因的表达影响肾脏的发育；通过促进上皮间质转化(EMT)过程促进多种肿瘤细胞的迁移与侵袭。然而，尚未有研究表明ETV4是否参与免疫微环境及膀胱癌进展的调控，抑制ETV4能否用于治疗膀胱癌淋巴结转移也需要进一步研究。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供ETV4及其表达产物在制备诊断和治疗膀胱癌药物中的应用。本发明首次鉴定ETV4是膀胱癌的一个重要致癌因子，可作为提示膀胱癌诊断和预后的分子标志物以及治疗膀胱癌的新靶点。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：ETV4表达产物作为分子标志物在筛选或制备用于诊断膀胱癌、预测膀胱癌淋巴转移风险、膀胱癌生存预后的试剂、芯片或试剂盒中的用途。
本发明提供了检测ETV4表达产物的试剂在制备用于诊断膀胱癌、预测膀胱癌淋巴转移风险、膀胱癌生存预后的芯片或试剂盒中的用途。
优选地，所述检测ETV4表达产物的试剂包括如SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2所示的引物。所述ETV4基因ID为2118。
本发明提供了ETV4基因或ETV4表达产物作为靶点在筛选或制备用于治疗膀胱癌的药物中的用途。
优选地，所述ETV4表达产物为ETV4mRNA或ETV4蛋白。
本发明提供了抑制ETV4基因表达的试剂在制备治疗膀胱癌或抑制膀胱癌淋巴转移的药物中的用途。
优选地，所述抑制ETV4基因表达的试剂为抑制ETV4基因表达的siRNA。
优选地，所述抑制ETV4基因表达的siRNA包括siRNA-1、siRNA-2中的至少一种；所述siRNA-1的序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示；所述siRNA-2的序列如SEQ ID NO:4所示。
本发明提供了一种治疗膀胱癌或抑制膀胱癌淋巴转移的药物，所述药物包含抑制ETV4基因表达的药物，以及药学可接受的载体。
优选地，所述抑制ETV4基因表达的药物为抑制ETV4基因表达的siRNA；优选地，所述抑制ETV4基因表达的siRNA包括siRNA-1、siRNA-2中的至少一种；所述siRNA-1的序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示；所述siRNA-2的序列如SEQ ID NO:4所示。
相对于现有技术，本发明的有益效果为：(1)本发明通过比对膀胱癌临床标本中基因表达结果发现ETV4在淋巴结转移阳性的膀胱癌组织中高表达，与总体生存预后呈负相关，可以作为标志物提示膀胱癌淋巴结转移，而且可以作为独立指标预测患者生存预后；(2)本发明通过膀胱癌细胞体内外功能实验发现沉默ETV4能够抑制膀胱癌细胞淋巴转移；(3)本发明首次发现ETV4是膀胱癌的一个重要致癌因子，ETV4可作为诊断膀胱癌和判断预后的分子标志物，以及治疗膀胱癌的新靶点。
附图说明
图1为ETV4在膀胱癌组织中的表达结果图。其中，图1A为ETV4在膀胱癌组织中的RNA水平结果图。图1B为ETV4在膀胱癌组织中蛋白水平示意图。图1C、1D为ETV4表达水平与膀胱癌患者总体生存率、无疾病生存率相关性分析结果图。
图2为沉默ETV4抑制膀胱癌细胞体外的迁移侵袭和体内淋巴转移能力结果图，其中，图2A为SiRNA抑制ETV4表达的结果图；图2B、2C为细胞迁移实验结果图和统计图；图2D、2E为细胞侵袭实验结果图及统计图；图2F为小鼠腘窝淋巴结结果图；图2G为淋巴结大小结果图；图2H为阳性淋巴结检测结果图。
具体实施方式
为更好的说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点，下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例中涉及的膀胱癌细胞株及实验试剂等均可由公共途径获得，它们仅做举例，对本发明不是唯一的，可用其他适合的工具或生物材料代替。
实施例1ETV4在膀胱癌中高表达，与淋巴转移及预后不良成正相关
本实施例利用实时荧光定量PCR法和免疫组化法检测ETV4在膀胱癌组织中的表达情况。
(一)RNA提取、逆转录及实时荧光定量PCR实验
1、总RNA提取：①组织RNA裂解：将冰冻的新鲜膀胱癌组织是在液氮中研磨成小颗粒，加入1ml Trizol裂解液，混匀使细胞充分裂解，并转移至1.5mlEP管中，室温下静置5min。②细胞RNA裂解：吸去培养基，PBS洗2次，每106个细胞加入1ml Trizol裂解液，轻轻吹打混匀使细胞充分裂解，将裂解液转移至1.5ml EP管中，室温下静置5min。往裂解液中加入1/5体积的氯仿，剧烈振荡混匀，室温下静置2min。12000rpm，4℃离心15min，此时EP管中的溶液分为三层，小心将最上层上清液(约400～500μl)转移至新的无RNA酶EP管中，注意不要触及中间相和下层液体。沉淀RNA：加入与上清等体积的异丙醇(约400～500μl)，充分混匀后室温静置10min。4℃，12000rpm离心10min后弃去上清，得到RNA沉淀。加入75％乙醇1ml洗涤1次，4℃7500rpm离心5min，充分弃去乙醇，晾干至RNA完全变成透明。根据沉淀大小加入适量DEPC处理水，充分震荡混匀溶解，即可得到总RNA。
2、逆转录：采用逆转录试剂PrimerScript RT-PCR kit(TAKARA)在200μl无RNase的EP管进行。反应体系如下表1：
表1 逆转录反应体系
上述溶液混匀后将EP管放入PCR仪中，温度设定为：37℃15min；85℃5s进行逆转录。产物用DEPC水稀释10倍后可用于后续实时荧光定量PCR实验，样品可长期保存于-30℃。
3、实时荧光定量PCR：本实验采用Roche的SYBR Green PCR kit，LightCycler 480Real-Time PCR仪进行荧光定量PCR实验。GAPDH为内参，定量方法选用2-ΔΔct法。配制如表2所示的定量PCR体系。反应条件：95℃预变性5min；45个扩增循环：95℃变性15s，56℃退火15s，72℃延伸15s；72℃保持7min；溶解曲线：温度为55～95℃，1次/min。
表2 荧光定量PCR反应体系
所述上游引物序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示；所述下游引物序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示：
SEQ ID NO:1：5’-AGGAACAGACGGACTTCGCCTA-3’；
SEQ ID NO:2：5’-CTGGGAATGGTCGCAGAGGTTT-3’。
以此检测ETV4基因的表达量。
检测结果如图1所示，ETV4在膀胱癌组织表达高于正常组织，而且在转移阳性的膀胱癌淋巴组织中表达最高(图1A)。
(二)免疫组化实验(Immunohistochemistry,IHC)
1、脱蜡和水化：脱蜡前，将组织切片置于65℃恒温箱中烘烤1-2小时(视切片的封蜡厚度适当增加烘烤时间)，然后将切片置于二甲苯中浸泡15分钟后，更换为新鲜二甲苯后再次浸泡15分钟；随后，切片依次在无水乙醇、95％乙醇、85％乙醇、75％乙醇中浸泡3分钟，最后过一遍去离子水。
2、消除内源性过氧化物：在玻片上滴加新鲜配制的3％双氧水，湿盒中室温避光孵育10分钟后，用PBS漂洗2次，每次5分钟。
3、抗原热修复：将抗原修复液Tris-EDTA(PH＝8.0)浸没载有切片，并放入高压锅中高压蒸煮15min，关闭电源，取出切片，并加自来水室温冷却30min。
4.洗涤画圈：PBS 5min洗涤2次后，切片置于湿盒上，离组织边缘约2-3mm画圈，注意动作轻柔，然后过一遍PBST(有利于一抗在组织上蔓延开，减少一抗用量)。
5、封闭，一抗孵育过夜：在玻片上滴加3％用PBS配制的正常山羊血清，湿盒室温孵育30分钟，随后去除血清；直接滴加适当比例稀释的一抗，湿盒4℃下孵育过夜。
6、二抗孵育：一抗敷育结束后，湿盒在室温放置一段时间后，倾斜玻片去掉一抗，玻片用PBS漂洗2次，每次5min后，滴加鼠/兔二抗工作液，37℃左右孵育1小时，再次PBS漂洗2次，每次5分钟。
7、显色复染：去除多余液体，滴加DAB显色液，显色1-5分钟后，使用显微镜观察染色程度，随后清水漂洗终止显色。苏木素复染3-5min，1％盐酸酒精分化反蓝，流水冲洗10-15min。
8、干燥封片：37℃烘干1h左右，中性树脂封片。
9、染色结果判断：我们以细胞核内染成棕褐色定义为阳性染色，以阳性肿瘤细胞百分率和染色强度两方面分别进行半定量评分。染色强度判断方法为：不着色为0分，浅棕黄色为1分，中度着色为2分，深棕黄色为3分。阳性肿瘤细胞百分率按照0％、25％、50％、75％、100％进行评分，并取H-Score＝阳性肿瘤细胞百分率(％)*染色强度。
检测结果如图1B-1D所示，提示ETV4可作为分子标志物提示膀胱癌淋巴转移，而且ETV4与膀胱癌不良预后成正相关。
实施例2沉默ETV4抑制膀胱癌细胞的体外增殖和体内成瘤能力
本实施例分别利用siRNA-1(Si-ETV4-1)、siRNA-2(Si-ETV4-2)和siRNA-3(Si-ETV4-3)沉默ETV4，同时利用Si-Ctrl作为对照。所述SiRNA和Si-Ctrl由上海吉玛公司合成。所述siRNA-1序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示；所述siRNA-2的序列如SEQ ID NO:4所示；siRNA-3序列如SEQ ID NO:5所示；所述Si-Ctrl的序列如SEQ ID NO:6所示：
SEQ ID NO:3：5’-GCGUUGUCCCUGAGAAAUU-3’；
SEQ ID NO:4：5’-GCUGGAUGACCCAACAAAU-3’；
SEQ ID NO:5：5’-CCCUCUUCUCUUUGGCCUU-3’；
SEQ ID NO:6：5’-UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGU-3’；
细胞培养和转染
1、膀胱癌细胞培养
膀胱癌细胞株UM-UC-3和T24购于美国模式培养物集存库(ATCC)，UM-UC-3使用DMEM培养基进行培养，T24使用RPMI-1640培养基进行培养。培养基中均含有10％的胎牛血清、50U/ml青霉素和50μg/ml链霉素。
2、细胞SiRNA转染
用
RNAiMAX Reagent试剂将siRNA-1、siRNA-2和siRNA-3分别转染到膀胱癌细胞株UM-UC-3和T24细胞中，siRNA转染终浓度为75nM。具体步骤如下：
1)铺板：转染前24h，消化细胞，离心，重悬，计数。将细胞接种于6孔板中，使转染前细胞汇合度达到50％～60％；
2)转染：将150pmol的siRNA加入100μl Opti-MEM I培养基中，震荡混匀；
3)吸取Lipofectamine RNAimax Reagent 3μl加入另一份100μl Opti-MEM培养基中混匀；
4)将上述两管液体震荡混匀，室温放置约20min；
5)将上述200μl混合物加入上述6孔板中，加入后轻轻摇匀；
6)放置37℃，5％CO2培养箱，孵育48h后进行后续实验；通过实时荧光定量PCR检测ETV4被抑制的效率，结果见图2A所示。
由图2A可知，siRNA-1和siRNA-2均能显著沉默UM-UC-3和T24细胞中ETV4的表达，而siRNA-3抑制ETV4效果不理想。后续功能实验采用siRNA-1和si-RNA-2进行。
实施例3沉默ETV4抑制膀胱癌细胞体外迁移侵袭和体内淋巴转移能力
本实施例分别利用siRNA-1(Si-ETV4-1)和siRNA-2(Si-ETV4-2)沉默ETV4，同时利用Si-Ctrl作为对照。所述siRNA-1、siRNA-2和Si-Ctrl同实施例2。
(一)膀胱癌细胞体外迁移、侵袭实验
1、细胞迁移实验
(1)Transwell小室购自美国Corning公司，孔径为8μm，使用前先加入200μl无血清培养基到上室，使膜亲水化，加入细胞前吸去；
(2)对转染后48h的细胞培进行消化，用无血清的培养基重悬细胞，计数，调整浓度为2×105/ml培养基；
(3)在下室加入700μl含10％血清的培养基，上室加入200μl细胞悬液，UM-UC-3在孵箱培养21小时，T24在孵箱培养8小时；
(4)用镊子小心取出小室，吸干上室液体，移到预先加入1ml 4％多聚甲醛的孔中，室温固定30分钟；
(5)取出小室，吸干上室固定液，移到预先加入1ml结晶紫染液的孔中，室温染色15-30分钟；
(6)轻轻用清水冲洗浸泡数次，取出小室，吸去上室液体，用湿棉棒小心擦去上室底部膜表面上的细胞；
(7)底面朝上晾干，显微镜下取5个随机视野计数，统计结果，结果见图2B、2C。
2、细胞侵袭实验
(1)将基质胶(Matrigel，BD公司)在冰上融化，与无血清培养基按1:3混合稀释，吸出80μl加入transwell的上室膜上，使铺均匀后吸出70μl。将小室放于37℃细胞培养箱约30分钟，基质胶凝固后方可使用；
(2)后续步骤与细胞迁移实验的(2)-(7)一致，结果见图2D、2E。
由图2B-2E可知，通过siRNA在膀胱癌细胞中沉默ETV4表达后，能显著抑制膀胱癌细胞的体外迁移、侵袭能力。
(二)膀胱癌细胞体内腘窝淋巴转移实验
本实施例以siRNA-1(Si-ETV4-1)为例，研究沉默ETV4对膀胱癌细胞体内淋巴转移的抑制作用，同时利用Si-Ctrl作为对照。所述siRNA-1(Si-ETV4-1)和Si-Ctrl同实施例2。
UM-UC-3Si-Ctrl和UM-UC-3Si-ETV4-1细胞消化后进行计数，每只小鼠予4×106个细胞裸鼠右下肢足垫注射，两组细胞各注射6只小鼠。大约一周后可在皮下触及足垫小结节后，每3天对应注射Si-Ctrl和Si-ETV4-1。到第30天时使用颈椎脱臼处死裸鼠后，解剖取出腘窝淋巴结，并拍照、记录，通过病理学分析明确有无淋巴结转移。
实验结果如图2F-H所示，结果表明，通过siRNA在膀胱癌细胞中沉默ETV4表达后，能显著抑制裸鼠体内的淋巴转移，淋巴结体积显著降低(图2F、2G)，阳性淋巴结数量显著下降(图2H)
最后所应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (10)
1.ETV4表达产物作为分子标志物在筛选或制备用于诊断膀胱癌、预测膀胱癌淋巴转移风险、膀胱癌生存预后的试剂、芯片或试剂盒中的用途。
2.检测ETV4表达产物的试剂在制备用于诊断膀胱癌、预测膀胱癌淋巴转移风险、膀胱癌生存预后的芯片或试剂盒中的用途。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用途，其特征在于，所述检测ETV4表达产物的试剂包括如SEQID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2所示的引物。
4.ETV4基因或ETV4表达产物作为靶点在筛选或制备用于治疗膀胱癌的药物中的用途。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的用途，其特征在于，所述ETV4表达产物为ETV4 mRNA或ETV4蛋白。
6.抑制ETV4基因表达的试剂在制备治疗膀胱癌或抑制膀胱癌淋巴转移的药物中的用途。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用途，其特征在于，所述抑制ETV4基因表达的试剂为抑制ETV4基因表达的siRNA。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用途，其特征在于，所述抑制ETV4基因表达的siRNA包括siRNA-1、siRNA-2中的至少一种；所述siRNA-1的序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示；所述siRNA-2的序列如SEQ ID NO:4所示。
9.一种治疗膀胱癌或抑制膀胱癌淋巴转移的药物，其特征在于，所述药物包含抑制ETV4基因表达的药物，以及药学可接受的载体。
10.根据权利要求9所述的药物，其特征在于，所述抑制ETV4基因表达的药物为抑制ETV4基因表达的siRNA；优选地，所述抑制ETV4基因表达的siRNA包括siRNA-1、siRNA-2中的至少一种；所述siRNA-1的序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示；所述siRNA-2的序列如SEQ ID NO:4所示。
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