CN116115815B - 一种抗菌医用绷带及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗菌医用绷带及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN116115815B
CN116115815B CN202310405835.4A CN202310405835A CN116115815B CN 116115815 B CN116115815 B CN 116115815B CN 202310405835 A CN202310405835 A CN 202310405835A CN 116115815 B CN116115815 B CN 116115815B
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伍悦玥
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗菌医用绷带及其制备方法,涉及医用绷带制备技术领域,包括以下步骤:A、制备热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶浸渍液、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶成膜液和SiO2‑ZnO纳米颗粒分散液;B、将医用无纺布浸渍于热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶浸渍液中,取出后挤出多余的浸渍液并干燥;C、涂覆一层未固化的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶成膜液,再在医用无纺布上平涂上SiO2‑ZnO纳米颗粒分散液,并通过平板加压无纺布,将无纺布干燥;D、去除干燥好的医用无纺布上多余的SiO2‑ZnO纳米颗粒,即得。本发明在不较大影响绷带透气性、柔软性等前提下,使得绷带具有抗菌功能,并较大程度上提升了耐久性,延长了产品寿命。

Description

一种抗菌医用绷带及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及医用绷带制备技术领域,特别涉及一种抗菌医用绷带及其制备方法。
背景技术
国内的抗菌布市场前景是非常光明和广阔的。抗菌医用绷带的制备方法主要分为三类:(1)将天然抗菌纤维直接制备成抗菌医用绷带,天然纤维主要有壳聚糖纤维、甲壳素纤维、麻类纤维、竹纤维、茶纤维、木棉纤维等。(2)先将具有抗菌能力的抗菌组分经过纺丝法制备成抗菌纤维,然后再将抗菌纤维制备加工成目标产品,纺丝法主要采用共混纺丝法和复合纺丝法。(3)用抗菌剂对经过处理的织物进行整理,获得抗菌制品,又称为后整理法,该方法是当前市面上主要的生产工艺。
后整理法是指将含抗菌剂成分的溶液、涂料或树脂通过浸渍、浸轧或涂布等工艺加工成织物,然后经过高温烘烤或其它方式将有效的抗菌剂成分附着到纤维或织物上,从而达到杀菌的目的,这种工艺主要用于具有反应活性的侧基物质或多孔纤维物质。根据制备方法的不同,有浸渍法、表面涂层法、树脂整理法、表面接枝改性法、微胶囊法等。化学改性法时在纤维表面加入阴离子体,再用阳离子型抗菌剂,使其与纤维形成离子键,达到抗菌性能。微胶囊法是将抗菌剂制成微胶囊整理到纤维上,使抗菌织物的耐洗性有所提高。表面接枝改性法将纤维的结晶度降低,使抗菌剂渗入到纤维中,再通过高温等环境作用,使其与纤维表面的羟基发生化学反应而产生化学键,从而实现纯棉、纯麻、天丝、莫代尔等多种产品的持久抗菌性,目前,胍盐类抗菌整理剂被认为是目前最好的抗菌整理剂,其具有无毒无害、杀菌高效广谱及很好的安全性和耐久性等优点。
医用绷带是包扎伤口以及患处的纱布带,主要用于外科损伤、扭伤、手术后包扎、固定等,因此骨科患者护理时常使用绷带对患处进行包扎,起到防止感染的作用,虽然现有的绷带透气性好,但是大多不具有杀菌的作用,而伤口渗出血液易滋生细菌,因此不利于伤口愈合。目前,虽然有抗菌绷带产品上市,但其主要存在如下问题:1、抗菌绷带由多层纱布构成,其透气性和柔软性差;2、通过浸渍或涂覆抗菌涂料而获得的抗菌绷带,其不仅透气性和柔软性差,而且其耐磨性和耐久性也较差,同时还存在安全性问题。
发明内容
本发明的发明目的在于:针对上述存在的问题,提供一种抗菌医用绷带及其制备方法,以主要解决目前医用绷带所存在的耐磨性和耐久性差、透气性和柔软性差等问题。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种抗菌医用绷带的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、制备热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶浸渍液、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶成膜液和SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液,待用;
B、以医用无纺布为基料,该无纺布符合GB/T19633 (最终灭菌医疗器械的包装国家标准) ,将医用无纺布浸渍于热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶浸渍液中,浸渍一段时间后,取出并加压挤出无纺布上多余的浸渍液,再在烘箱中以40℃-70℃干燥1h-3h;
C、在浸渍干燥后的无纺布上,用刮刀涂覆一层未固化的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶成膜液,然后再在无纺布上平涂上SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液,并通过平板加压无纺布,加压一段时间后,撤去压力,将无纺布放入烘箱中干燥,直至无纺布上的涂层完全固化;
D、去除干燥好的无纺土工布上多余的SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒,即得到抗菌医用绷带。
在发明中,本发明以透气性良好的医用无纺布为基料,先将基料浸渍于热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶浸渍液(TPU浸渍液)中,一般浸渍20min-120min即可实现充分浸渍,浸渍充分后,加压挤出多余的浸渍液,以轻压无纺布无浸渍液浸出为准,干燥后再用刮刀在无纺布上涂覆一层未固化的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶成膜液,再平涂上SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液,加压后干燥固化即得。本发明以弹性强、强度高、耐老化性好的TPU作为粘结剂,将抗菌剂与无纺布的表面粘结,同时将柔性聚氨酯(热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶成膜液)涂覆在纺织品表面,以保证无纺布的柔软性满足要求,克服固化后的TPU会降低无纺布柔软性的问题,然后通过涂覆和加压的方式平涂上SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液,最终在无纺布的表面,由外向内依次形成SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒层、SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒半嵌入层、SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒全嵌入层三层叠加的抗菌涂层,该抗菌涂层具有良好的耐磨性和耐久性,当最外层的SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒层磨损脱落后,还可以依靠SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒半嵌入层继续提供抗菌效果,直至SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒全嵌入层磨损完之后才失去抗菌功能,大大提高了抗菌涂层的耐久性。虽然TPU会明显降低无纺布的透气性,但其整体透气性依然满足医用绷带要求,而且得到的医用绷带柔软性也符合产品标准,由于TPU没有毒性,而且SiO2和ZnO属于无毒的无机抗菌剂,因此产品的安全性也得到了保证。
进一步,所述热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶浸渍液的制备方法为:将热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,搅拌均匀后即得,其中,所述热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶的型号为TPU-90A。
进一步,热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶成膜液的制备方法为:将热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶颗粒(TPU颗粒)溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,在50℃-80℃下搅拌8h-15h,使其完全溶解,搅拌均匀后即得。
进一步,SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液的制备方法为:将SiO2和ZnO加入无水乙醇中,搅拌分散0.5h-2h后加入四氢呋喃可溶物(THFS),继续搅拌2h-5h,得到固体质量分数为0.6%-2.5%的SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液,在SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液中,其固体质量分数可以是0.6%、0.8%、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%等。
进一步,在热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶浸渍液中,热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶的浓度为0.06-0.12g/mL。在本发明中,TPU浸渍液(热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶浸渍液)的浓度比较重要,其不仅影响到浸渍液的粘度大小,也同时会影响到无纺布上TPU层的厚度,如果TPU浸渍液浓度过高,则其粘度较大,导致无纺布上TPU层厚度较厚,其不仅会显著降低无纺布的透气性和柔软性,得到的抗菌涂层的耐磨性能明显降低,最终得到的抗菌医用绷带达不到产品要求;相应地,如果TPU浸渍液浓度过小,则其粘度较小,其会导致得到的抗菌涂层较薄而使抗菌性、耐久性下降。经过试验总结得到,TPU浸渍液的浓度在0.06-0.12g/mL较为合适。
进一步,在热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶成膜液(TPU成膜液)中,热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶的浓度为0.25-0.3g/mL。相应地,热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶成膜液的浓度不宜过大或过小,通过对比实验证明,浓度过大反而会导致SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒层附着力差,得到的抗菌涂层耐磨性较差,同时易出现开裂的问题,浓度过小则对无纺布柔软性改善不明显,同时也容易出现开裂问题。经过试验总结得到,热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶成膜液的浓度在0.25-0.3g/mL较为合适。
进一步,在所述SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒中,SiO2和ZnO的质量比为1-3:1-3,例如可以是1:1、1:2、1:3、2:1、3:1等,具体比例根据不同的抗菌需求具体选择。
进一步,在步骤C中,平板施加的压力为0.1MPa-20MPa,例如可以是0.1MPa、0.5MPa、1MPa、2MPa、5MPa、10MPa、15MPa、20MPa等,加压时间为1min-20min,例如可以是1min、5min、8min、10min、15min、20min等。在本发明中,平板加压的压力比较重要,是形成具有三层复合结构的抗菌层的关键,若施加的压力过小,则导致SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒全嵌入层过薄,甚至没有,当SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒层和SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒半嵌入层磨损掉落后,抗菌层失效;若施加的压力过大,则会使SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒穿透TPU固化形成的粘结层,由此明显降低TPU粘结层的粘结力,使抗菌涂层的耐久性下降。
进一步,在步骤C中,干燥温度为80℃-120℃,例如可以是80℃、90℃、95℃、100℃、110℃、120℃等,干燥时间为2min-20min,例如可以是2min、5min、6min、10min、15min、20min等。
进一步,本发明还包括一种抗菌医用绷带,所述抗菌医用绷带通过上述制备方法制备得到。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明的方法,在不较大影响绷带透气性、柔软性等前提下,使得医用绷带具有抗菌功能,并较大程度上提升了耐磨性和耐久性,延长了产品寿命,解决了目前抗菌医用绷带所存在的问题;
2、本发明的方法过程简易,原料成本低,适合工业生产,可大规模实现抗菌医用绷带的生产应用。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种抗菌医用绷带,其生产方法包括以下步骤:
S1、制备TPU浸渍液
取6g的TPU-90A溶于100mL的DMF溶剂中,磁力搅拌1h,得到浓度为0.06g/mL的TPU浸渍液,待用;
S2、制备TPU成膜液
称取25g的TPU-90A加入100mL的DMF溶剂中,在65℃下搅拌12h使TPU-90A完全溶解,得到0.25g/mL的TPU成膜液;
S3、制备SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液
将SiO2和ZnO按照1:1的质量比加入无水乙醇中,搅拌分散1h后加入THFS,继续搅拌3h,得到固含量为0.6%的SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液。
S4、取2m×2m×2.80mm的医用无纺布(延展率76%,透气率2055L/m2·h,自重60g/m2),以该无纺布为基料,将无纺布浸渍于上述制备的TPU浸渍液中,浸渍35min后,取出并加压挤出无纺布上多余的浸渍液,此时,无纺布增重104.7g/m2,再在烘箱中以60℃干燥2h;
S5、在浸渍干燥后的无纺布上,用刮刀涂覆一层未固化的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶成膜液,此时,浸渍干燥后的无纺布增重32.6g/m2,然后再在无纺布上平涂SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液,并通过平板加压无纺布,平板施加的压力为8MPa,加压时间为3min,然后撤去压力,此时无纺布增重51.8g/m2,将无纺布放入烘箱中干燥,烘干温度为100℃,烘干时间为5min,无纺布上的涂层完全固化;
S6、通过抖动无纺布或者用毛刷的方式来去除无纺布上多余的SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒,即得到抗菌医用绷带,抗菌医用绷带最终增重54.4g/m2
实施例2
一种抗菌医用绷带,其生产方法包括以下步骤:
S1、制备TPU浸渍液
取9g的TPU-90A溶于100mL的DMF溶剂中,磁力搅拌1h,得到浓度为0.09g/mL的TPU浸渍液;
S2、制备TPU成膜液
称取27.5g的TPU-90A加入100mL的DMF溶剂中,在65℃下搅拌12h 使TPU-90A完全溶解,得到0.275g/mL的成膜液;
S3、制备SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液
将SiO2和ZnO按照1:1的质量比加入无水乙醇中,搅拌分散1h后加入THFS,继续搅拌3h,得到固含量为0.6%的SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液;
S4、取2m×2m×2.80mm的医用无纺布(延展率76%,透气率2055L/m2·h,自重60g/m2),以该无纺布为基料,将无纺布浸渍于上述制备的TPU浸渍液中,浸渍35min后,取出并加压挤出无纺布上多余的浸渍液,此时,无纺布增重117.8g/m2,再在烘箱中以65℃干燥2h;
S5、在浸渍干燥后的无纺布上,用刮刀涂覆一层未固化的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶成膜液,此时,浸渍干燥后的无纺布增重34.9g/m2,然后再在无纺布上平涂SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液,并通过平板加压无纺布,平板施加的压力为6MPa,加压时间为5min,然后撤去压力,此时无纺布再增重49.9g/m2,将无纺布放入烘箱中干燥,烘干温度为90℃,烘干时间为8min,无纺布上的涂层完全固化;
S6、通过抖动无纺布或者用毛刷的方式来去除无纺布上多余的SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒,即得到抗菌医用绷带,抗菌医用绷带最终增重57.5g/m2
实施例3
一种抗菌医用绷带,其生产方法包括以下步骤:
S1、制备TPU浸渍液
取12g的TPU-90A溶于100mL的DMF溶剂中,磁力搅拌1h,得到浓度为0.12g/mL的TPU浸渍液;
S2、制备TPU成膜液
称取30g的TPU-90A加入100mL的DMF溶剂中,在65℃下搅拌12h 使TPU-90A完全溶解,得到0.3g/mL的TPU成膜液;
S3、制备SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液
将SiO2和ZnO按照1:1的质量比加入水乙醇中,搅拌分散1h后加入THFS,继续搅拌3h,得到固含量为0.6%的SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液;
S4、取2m×2m×2.80mm的无纺布(延展率76%,透气率2055L/m2·h,自重60g/m2),以该无纺布为基料,将无纺布浸渍于上述制备的TPU浸渍液中,浸渍35min后,取出并加压挤出无纺布上多余的浸渍液,此时,无纺布增重133.7g/m2,再在烘箱中以50℃干燥2.5h;
S5、在浸渍干燥后的无纺布上,用刮刀涂覆一层未固化的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶成膜液,此时,浸渍干燥后的无纺布增重37.4g/m2,然后再在无纺布上平涂SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液,并通过平板加压无纺布,平板施加的压力为8MPa,加压时间为3min,然后撤去压力,此时无纺布再增重52.7 g/m2,将无纺布放入烘箱中干燥,烘干温度为100℃,烘干时间为5min,无纺布上的涂层完全固化;
S6、通过抖动无纺布或者用毛刷的方式来去除无纺布上多余的SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒,即得到抗菌医用绷带,抗菌医用绷带最终增重59.5g/m2
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1相同,其不同之处在于,TPU浸渍液的浓度为0.3g/mL。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1相同,其不同之处在于,未涂覆TPU成膜液。
对比例3
对比例3与实施例1相同,其不同之处在于,TPU成膜液的浓度为0.4g/mL。
对比例4
对比例4与实施例1相同,其不同之处在于,在平涂上SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液后,未施加平板压力,而是直接进行干燥固化。
对比例5
对比例5与实施例1相同,其不同之处在于,平板压力为30MPa。
试验结果
实施例1-3与对比例1-5制备的抗菌医用绷带性能检测结果如表1所示。
表1实施例1-3与对比例1-5制备的抗菌医用绷带性能检测结果
注:1、耐磨性采用磨损测试表征,磨损测试是指:在300目砂纸上放置500g的砝码,然后将砂纸放在平铺的样品上,以10mm/s的速度拖动砂纸在样品上移动0.5m的距离,如此反复,直至样品上明显起毛为止,计算拖动砂纸的次数;
2、抗剥离性的测试:使用同一型号(3MVHB5952)的胶带贴合在样品涂层的表面,然后用滚轮按压后,胶带连续剥离100次后,记录涂层表面抗剥离情况;
3、柔软性是指:将平放在水平桌面上的样品用手指将一边提起向另一边弯曲,感受其弯曲程度和所需压力大小并记录,其中,“可弯曲”是指样品的弯曲程度和所需压力大小均在可接受范围内,“较易弯曲”是指需要样品的弯曲程度在可接受范围内,但所需压力大小不在可接受范围内,“难弯曲”是指样品的弯曲程度和所需压力大小都不在可接受范围内;
4、透气性是指:在一定的压差下,单位时间内通过单位面积织物的空气体积;
5、增重是指样品相对于医用无纺布原重量的差值。
由表1可以得到:
(1)、在耐磨性方面,由实施例1-3可得,样品的耐磨性均达到了10次及以上,而除了对比例5外,对比例1-4均明显小于10次,由此说明,当TPU浸渍液或者TPU成膜液浓度过大、未涂覆TPU成膜液或者未进行平板加压操作时,都会使抗菌涂层的耐磨性下降;
(2)、在抗剥离性方面,实施例1-3未出现抗菌涂层脱落问题,除对比例1外,对比例2-5均出现了抗菌涂层明显脱落的问题,由此说明,当TPU成膜液浓度过大、未涂覆TPU成膜液、未进行平板加压操作或者平板加压过大时,会使抗菌涂层的抗剥离性下降;
(3)、在柔软性方面,由实施例1-3可得,样品均可弯曲且柔韧性合格,除对比例2的样品易弯曲,对比例4-5的样品可弯曲,对比例1、3都出现难弯曲的问题,由此说明,若浸渍液或成膜液浓度过大,固化后对样品的柔软性影响较大;
(4)、在透气率方面,实施例1-3的透气率依次递减,但都大于1000 L/m2·h,对比例1、3明显下降,由此说明,TPU浸渍液和TPU成膜液的浓度过大,粘度增加,对样品的透气性有一定的影响;
(5)、在增重方面,由实施例1与对比例1对比可得,对比例1的增重较大,因此也就造成了其对透气率的影响最大;
进一步,实施例1-3与对比例1-5制备的抗菌医用绷带抗菌性能检测结果如表2所示。
表2实施例1-3与对比例1-5制备的抗菌医用绷带抗菌性能检测结果
由表2可以得到,本发明制备的抗菌医用绷带的抗菌效果满足相关标准要求,实验数据是依照《中华人民共和国医药行业标准》中YY/T 1467-2016的要求而得出的。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种抗菌医用绷带的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
A、制备热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶浸渍液、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶成膜液和SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液,待用;其中,在热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶浸渍液中,热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶的浓度为0.06g/mL-0.12g/mL;
B、以医用无纺布为基料,将无纺布浸渍于热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶浸渍液中,浸渍一段时间后,取出并加压挤出无纺布上多余的浸渍液,再在烘箱中以40℃-70℃干燥1h-3h;
C、在浸渍干燥后的无纺布上,用刮刀涂覆一层未固化的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶成膜液,热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶的浓度为0.25g/mL-0.3g/mL,然后再在无纺布上平涂上SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液,并通过平板加压无纺布,平板施加的压力为0.1MPa-20MPa,加压时间为1min-20min,撤去压力,将无纺布放入烘箱中干燥,直至无纺布上的涂层完全固化;
D、去除干燥好的无纺布上多余的SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒,即得。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶浸渍液的制备方法为:将热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,搅拌均匀后即得,其中,所述热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶的型号为TPU-90A。
3.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶成膜液的制备方法为:将热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶颗粒溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,在50℃-80℃下搅拌8h-15h,使其完全溶解,搅拌均匀后即得。
4.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液的制备方法为:将SiO2和ZnO加入无水乙醇中,搅拌分散0.5h-2h后加入四氢呋喃可溶物,继续搅拌2h-5h,得到固体质量分数为0.6%-2.5%的SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒分散液。
5.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在SiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒中,SiO2和ZnO的质量比为1-3:1-3。
6.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤C中,干燥温度为80℃-120℃,干燥时间为2min-20min。
7.一种抗菌医用绷带,其特征在于,所述抗菌医用绷带通过上述权利要求1-6任一所述的制备方法制备得到。
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