CN116114705A - 一种高效抗菌新材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于新型材料领域，具体公开了一种高效抗菌新材料的制备方法，通过选择壳聚糖、乙酸水溶液、Cu（NO3）2溶液、去离子水、硼氢化钠、硅烷改性后钛白粉作为主要材料，进行壳聚糖表面固定铜离子、原位还原、低温水热处理及掺杂二氧化钛顺序制备，本发明的有益效果：本发明中的高效抗菌新材料壳聚糖表面固定铜离子、原位还原、低温水热处理及掺杂二氧化钛顺序制备，其中使用到的原材料都是相对常见而且价格便宜的，降低了有机无机复合抗菌剂的制备成本，且对人体更加友好，将其用于地板、木板中更加适合居住与办公。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新型材料领域，具体涉及一种高效抗菌新材料的制备方法。
背景技术
常用的抗菌剂根据其组成和结构不同，可以分为有机抗菌剂、无机抗菌剂及复合抗菌剂。有机抗菌剂包括天然有机抗菌剂和合成有机抗菌剂。天然抗菌剂如壳聚糖等，来源于改性处理的天然提取物；其生物相容性好、安全无毒；但是加工困难、耐热性差。合成有机抗菌剂如季铵盐类等；杀菌速度快、抗菌广谱性好、分散性好方便配制；但化学稳定性差、遇高温高压易分解出有毒产物、抗菌性能不长久且容易产生耐药菌；无机抗菌剂是应用最广泛的一类抗菌剂，主要为一些金属及其化合物，其耐热性好、抗菌谱广、可长效抗菌、毒性低、且不产生耐药性等优点，但其价格较贵，具有较强的光敏效应，如银系抗菌剂，或者需要紫外光激活才能发挥作用，如光催化类抗菌剂等。
针对上述的问题，复合型抗菌剂为了解决单一抗菌剂使用时带来的限制问题，克服他们相应的缺点而逐渐发展起来的一类新型抗菌剂。其具有高抗菌性能，可减少溶出，或者控制释放，毒性低，更加稳定，良好的改善了材料的抗菌效果和抗菌时长。同时，其对人和环境的损害也能得到明显的降低，既能符合绿色化学理念的标准，又能维护人类的健康，成为了最近抗菌剂的研究热点。
发明内容
复合抗菌剂作为新的研究热点，其需要改进的地方很多，针对一直居高不下的生产成本，本发明公开了一种高效抗菌新材料的制备方法，具体技术方案如下：
一种高效抗菌新材料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一：选择壳聚糖、铜离子与二氧化钛作为基体抗菌材料；
步骤二：使用的溶剂与试剂为乙酸水溶液、Cu（NO3）2溶液、去离子水、硼氢化钠、硅烷改性后钛白粉；
步骤三：将步骤一中的壳聚糖，与步骤二中的乙酸水溶液混合，在搅拌器中搅拌均匀；
步骤四：待步骤三中壳聚糖完全溶解后加入Cu（NO3）2溶液和去离子水，继续搅拌使得铜离子与壳聚糖充分反应；
步骤五：向步骤四中的反应液中加入硼氢化钠溶液和硅烷改性后钛白粉，在50-70℃水浴中，搅拌，自然冷却至室温；
步骤六：将步骤五得到的物质过滤烘干，研磨后得到壳聚糖/铜离子/二氧化钛复合抗菌剂。
本发明中，采用壳聚糖作为抗菌材料的模板，具有绿色、环保的效果，其中有大量的活性氨基可以络合大部分金属金属，使得其络合铜和钛离子，固定在壳聚糖的表面，然后加入剩余试剂使其还原，仔进行过滤烘干研磨等步骤得到一类壳聚糖/铜离子/二氧化钛纳米颗粒复合抗菌剂。
传统采用银离子，但是银的成本高，其次大量使用对人的身体有害处，而铜离子的价格更低，成本也低，针对其耐热性略差的特性，经过大量研究，掺杂二氧化钛可以提高其耐热性，锐钛型二氧化钛属于光催化型抗菌剂，在紫外光照射下，价带中的电子跃迁形成光生电子而产生的空穴，产生大量具有强化学活性的羟基自由基和超氧化物阴离子自由基，细菌接触这些时，体内的有机物被氧化成水和二氧化碳，从而快速杀菌，具有非常优良的杀菌效果。
作为进一步的改进，其特征在于：所述乙酸水溶液浓度为2%。
作为进一步的改进，其特征在于：所述步骤五中的搅拌方法为超声分散法，温度为60℃。
超声分散法，具有很好的搅拌效果，能加快反应进程。
作为进一步的改进，其特征在于：所述步骤五中搅拌至混合溶液颜色稳定后自然冷却。
作为进一步的改进，其特征在于：所述Cu（NO3）2溶液浓度为40-60mmol/L，一般选50 mmol/L。
作为进一步的改进，其特征在于：所述硼氢化钠溶液的浓度为0.08-0.12mol/L，一般选0.1 mol/L。
本发明的有益效果：本发明中的高效抗菌新材料壳聚糖表面固定铜离子、原位还原、低温水热处理及掺杂二氧化钛顺序制备，其中使用到的原材料都是相对常见而且价格便宜的，降低了有机无机复合抗菌剂的制备成本，且对人体更加友好，将其用于地板、木板中更加适合居住与办公。
具体实施方式
为了加深对本发明的理解，下面将结合实施例对本发明做进一步详细描述，该实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不对保护范围构成限定。
一种高效抗菌新材料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一：选择壳聚糖、铜离子与二氧化钛作为基体抗菌材料；
步骤二：使用的溶剂与试剂为乙酸水溶液、Cu（NO3）2溶液、去离子水、硼氢化钠、硅烷改性后钛白粉；其中铜离子的来源为Cu（NO3）2溶液，二氧化钛来源为硅烷改性后钛白粉；
步骤三：称取壳聚糖2g，与100ml质量分数为2%的乙酸水溶液混合，在搅拌器中搅拌均匀；
步骤四：待步骤三中壳聚糖完全溶解后加入Cu（NO3）2溶液和去离子水，继续搅拌使得铜离子与壳聚糖充分反应；
步骤五：向步骤四中的反应液中加入5ml0.1mol/L的硼氢化钠溶液和0.2g硅烷改性后钛白粉，在60℃水浴中，超声搅拌，混合溶液颜色稳定后自然冷却至室温；
步骤六：将步骤五得到的物质过滤烘干，研磨后得到壳聚糖/铜离子/二氧化钛复合抗菌剂。
本实施例中用到的材料均是易得且廉价的，壳聚糖本身来源广泛，并且天然无毒，本身也可以降解再生，其单独作为抗菌剂使用时，具有较差的抗菌能力，这实施例中通过螯合作用加入铜离子和钛离子，其对身体和环境更友好，其中锐钛型二氧化钛属于光催化型抗菌剂，具有很强额度耐热性，这样得到的壳聚糖/铜离子/二氧化钛复合抗菌剂具有很良好的耐热性，通过紫外光照射，价带中的电子跃迁形成光生电子而产生的空穴，产生大量且具有强化学活性的羟基自由基和超氧化物阴离子自由基，细菌接触这些自由基时，体内有机物被氧化成水和二氧化碳从而实现快速杀菌。
Claims (6)
1.一种高效抗菌新材料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一：选择壳聚糖、铜离子与二氧化钛作为基体抗菌材料；
步骤二：使用的溶剂与试剂为乙酸水溶液、Cu（NO3）2溶液、去离子水、硼氢化钠、硅烷改性后钛白粉；
步骤三：将步骤一中的壳聚糖，与步骤二中的乙酸水溶液混合，在搅拌器中搅拌均匀；
步骤四：待步骤三中壳聚糖完全溶解后加入Cu（NO3）2溶液和去离子水，继续搅拌使得铜离子与壳聚糖充分反应；
步骤五：向步骤四中的反应液中加入硼氢化钠溶液和硅烷改性后钛白粉，在50-70℃水浴中，搅拌，自然冷却至室温；
步骤六：将步骤五得到的物质过滤烘干，研磨后得到壳聚糖/铜离子/二氧化钛复合抗菌剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效抗菌新材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述乙酸水溶液浓度为2%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效抗菌新材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤五中的搅拌方法为超声分散法，温度为60℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效抗菌新材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤五中搅拌至混合溶液颜色稳定后自然冷却。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效抗菌新材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述Cu（NO3）2溶液浓度为40-60mmol/L。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效抗菌新材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述硼氢化钠溶液的浓度为0.08-0.12mol/L。
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