CN116103176A - 一种高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株 - Google Patents
一种高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116103176A CN116103176A CN202310038181.6A CN202310038181A CN116103176A CN 116103176 A CN116103176 A CN 116103176A CN 202310038181 A CN202310038181 A CN 202310038181A CN 116103176 A CN116103176 A CN 116103176A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株,本发明在高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母的基础上,构建高效合成植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母工程菌株,将LCB4、SHM2、CHA1、ORM2、ELO3、SHM1基因编码的蛋白质的表达降低和利用组成型启动子将TSC10、SYR2、LCB2基因编码蛋白质的表达提高,植物鞘氨醇摇瓶量达到9.52mg/g干重,再通过组成型启动子将HAC1基因编码蛋白质的表达提高,植物鞘氨醇摇瓶量进一步提高了4.34倍,达到41.33mg/g干重,植物鞘氨醇产量达到为目前报道的摇瓶发酵最高产量。5L发酵罐发酵产植物鞘氨醇的产量达到了150.54mg/g干重,滴度为2817mg/L。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种提高酿酒酵母植物鞘氨醇产量的方法。植物鞘氨醇作为药物、化妆品等的成分在工业上具有广泛应用。
(二)背景技术
酿酒酵母具有遗传操作简便、生物安全性高和发酵稳定等优点,是一种应用广泛的生物细胞工厂。植物鞘氨醇,是一种神经鞘氨醇类化合物,其既是一类最简单的鞘脂类化合物,又是其他鞘脂化合物的主干部分(长链碱基部分),是鞘脂化合物的特征结构。植物鞘氨醇在应用于化妆品中,既有可以对位于人体和其他皮肤组织中的双链多脂脂质层细胞进行皮肤渗透性功能改善的基础同时,又同样可以在该亲水层上直接形成一个亲水屏障,具有人体防护和皮肤保水的重要作用。
目前鞘脂类的获取方式主要有合成法以及微生物发酵法。植物中魔芋提取的神经酰胺含量为其他植物的十几倍。但植物提取方法受植物生长周期和季节的限制,产量较低。动物中来源于有致病风险的动物脑部,所以不可应用于化妆品中。而化学合成的主要是拟神经酰胺,其结构与神经酰胺相似,功能相似,可应用于化妆品中,目前已有多种拟神经酰胺成功合成,爱茉莉太平洋公司目前已生产出一种新型拟神经酰胺,提高了其溶解度和稳定性,其技术路线是将三羟甲基氨基甲烷溶于二甲基甲醛(DMF),再溶于三乙胺(Et3N),30min后加入棕榈酰氯经过一系列反应再引入脂肪酸。但因为在化妆品中应用的植物鞘氨醇主要从动植物中提取。显然,在工业水平上是一种成本很高的方法。化学合成法由于步骤繁琐,副产物较多,合成率较低等缺点,难以实现工业化生产。生物发酵法外界干扰因素较少,可大量生产且降低植物鞘氨醇的价格,更利于其在产品中的广泛应用。
微生物发酵法是近年来的常用制备神经酰胺的方法,即应用毕赤酵母(Pichiaciferrii)或酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)在一定环境下发酵得到四乙酰植物鞘氨醇(Schorsch,et al.(2012)Metabolic Engineering.14(2)172-184)再对其去乙酰化得到植物鞘氨醇(Kim,et al.(2010)Journal of Microbiology andBiotechnology.20(2)356-62)。Markus Schwab等在酿酒酵母合成植物鞘氨醇,摇瓶产量达到70mg/L(US2018-0179562)。
本发明以酵母工程菌中植物鞘氨醇的合成为例,改造鞘脂类的代谢途径,并且创新性地发现增强转录因子HAC1可以显著提高酵母的植物鞘氨醇产量434%,为提高酵母鞘脂类的生产提供了一种简便有效的方法。
(三)发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种提高酿酒酵母植物鞘氨醇产量的方法,根据已知生产植物鞘氨醇的代谢途径,敲除分支代谢途径产物的基因,并在敲除基因的靶点上融合强启动子增强目的产物的基因表达,并高表达转录因子HAC1的编码基因,进一步提高酵母植物鞘氨醇的合成。
本发明采用的具体技术方案是:
第一方面,本发明提供一种高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株,所述高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株以酿酒酵母CEN.PK2-1D为出发菌株进行如下改造得到:敲除LCB4(鞘氨醇碱激酶)基因、SHM2(丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶)基因和CHA1(L-丝氨酸脱氨酶)基因,在ORM2(丝氨酸棕榈酰基转移酶活性的膜蛋白)基因位点插入3-脱氢二氢神经鞘氨醇还原酶(TSC10)基因的表达盒,在ELO3(脂肪酸延长酶III)基因位点插入鞘氨醇羟化酶(SYR2)基因的表达盒,在SHM1(丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶)基因的位点插入丝氨酸棕榈酰基转移酶(LCB2)基因的表达盒,在所述高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株PT06的delta 22位点上插入转录因子HAC1基因的表达盒,得到高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述3-脱氢二氢神经鞘氨醇还原酶(TSC10)基因的表达盒包括TDH3启动子和3-脱氢二氢神经鞘氨醇还原酶(TSC10)基因,所述TDH3启动子的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
进一步,所述3-脱氢二氢神经鞘氨醇还原酶(TSC10)基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ IDNO:3所示。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述鞘氨醇羟化酶(SYR2)基因的表达盒包括TDH3启动子和鞘氨醇羟化酶(SYR2)基因,所述TDH3启动子的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
进一步,所述鞘氨醇羟化酶(SYR2)基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:4所示。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述丝氨酸棕榈酰基转移酶(LCB2)基因的表达盒包括TDH3启动子和丝氨酸棕榈酰基转移酶(LCB2)基因,所述TDH3启动子的核苷酸序列如SEQ IDNO:1所示。
进一步,所述丝氨酸棕榈酰基转移酶(LCB2)基因的核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:5所示。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述转录因子HAC1基因的表达盒包括TDH3启动子和转录因子HAC1基因,所述TDH3启动子的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
进一步,所述转录因子HAC1基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:6所示。
进一步,所述改造采用CRISPR-Cas9酵母基因组编辑方法完成。利用gRNA表达盒,与同时转化的另一个完整的出发载体在酵母体内发生同源重组,在敲除LCB4(鞘氨醇碱激酶)基因、SHM2(丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶)基因、CHA1(L-丝氨酸脱氨酶)基因后,并在ORM2(丝氨酸棕榈酰基转移酶活性的膜蛋白)基因位点插入强启动子TDH3驱动的TSC10(3-脱氢二氢神经鞘氨醇还原酶)基因;在ELO3(脂肪酸延长酶III)基因位点插入强启动子TDH3驱动的SYR2(鞘氨醇羟化酶)基因;在SHM1(丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶)基因的位点插入强启动子TDH3驱动的LCB2(丝氨酸棕榈酰基转移酶)基因以及在基因组dleta 22位点上使用强启动子TDH3高表达HAC1基因,植物鞘氨醇产量有显著提高。
进一步,所述gRNA表达盒依次由上游同源臂、靶标序列、gRNA Scaffold片段和下游同源臂组成;所述上游同源臂和下游同源臂分别与出发载体有60bp以上的相同序列;所述靶标序列是根据酿酒酵母基因组上靶位点基因,利用chopchop网站,设计20bp的靶标序列。
进一步,所述gRNA靶点表达盒为7个。
进一步,所述gRNA Scaffold片段核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
进一步,所述靶位点包括LCB4、SHM2、CHA1、ORM2、ELO3、SHM1、delta22。
其中靶位点LCB4的靶标序列为:TTATAGAAGACCCGACAGAG;
靶位点SHM2的靶标序列为:GGTCTATACCTACCAGATGG;
靶位点CHA1的靶标序列为:GTAGATAAAATCAGGAACAC;
靶位点ORM2的靶标序列为:TCCCAACATGAACGCTACGT;
靶位点ELO3的靶标序列为:ATCCAATCTTACAAGAAAGG;
靶位点SHM1的靶标序列为:TACTCCGCTATCATGAACGT;
靶位点delta22的靶标序列为:TGTTAATTCCTACATACTCG。
所述酿酒酵母菌基因编辑方法是将植物鞘氨醇代谢相关基因LCB4、SHM2、CHA1三个靶点进行敲除以及在ORM2、ELO3、SHM1同时插入酿酒酵母基因组中TSC10、SYR2、LCB2编码基因的3个靶位点,逐步增强植物鞘氨醇合成途径。
进一步,所述方法为:首先分别构建靶位点LCB4、SHM2、CHA1、ORM2、ELO3、SHM1、delta22的gRNA表达盒,与出发载体和供体DNA片段,同时转化未经改造Cas9质粒。
进一步,所述出发载体为p426-SNR52p-gRNA.CAN1.Y-SUP4t(Addgene公司#43803),简称p426载体。
所述HAC1基因的过表达按如下方法进行:在基因组delta 22位点上插入启动子TDH3驱动的HAC1基因。
另外,本发明还提供一种上述高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株在发酵制备高产植物鞘氨醇中的应用。
所述发酵的条件为:温度30℃,时间48-120h(优选为96h-120h,转速200rpm。
进一步,所述发酵在YPD液体培养基中进行,所述YPD液体培养基由以下浓度的各组分组成:酵母粉10g/L、蛋白胨20g/L、葡萄糖20g/L,溶剂为去离子水,pH自然。
所述酿酒酵母为酵母CEN.PK2-1D(EUROSCARF公司,德国)。
另外,所述发酵还可以采用发酵罐进行。
本发明为了提高植物鞘氨醇的产量,首先筛选最高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株CEN.PK2-1D作为原始菌株。
与现有技术相比,本发明有益效果主要体现在:本发明在高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母的基础上,构建高效合成植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母工程菌株,将LCB4、SHM2、CHA1、ORM2、ELO3、SHM1基因编码的蛋白质的表达降低和利用组成型启动子将TSC10、SYR2、LCB2基因编码蛋白质的表达提高,植物鞘氨醇摇瓶量达到9.52mg/g干重,再通过组成型启动子将HAC1基因编码蛋白质的表达提高,植物鞘氨醇摇瓶量进一步提高了4.34倍,达到41.33mg/g干重,植物鞘氨醇产量达到为目前报道的摇瓶发酵最高产量。5L发酵罐发酵产植物鞘氨醇的产量达到了150.54mg/g干重,滴度为2817mg/L。
(四)附图说明
图1为酿酒酵母中植物鞘氨醇的生物合成途径。
图2为出发菌株CEN.PK2-1D和代谢改造的不同菌株在YPD培养基发酵96h后的植物鞘氨醇产量。
图3为酵母菌株PT06和PT07分别在YPD培养基发酵96h后的植物鞘氨醇产量。
图4为酵母菌株PT07在5L发酵罐发酵植物鞘氨醇的产量。
(五)具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。除非另作定义,本专利公开所使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。
实施例中YPD液体培养基组成:酵母粉10g/L、蛋白胨20g/L、葡萄糖20g/L,溶剂为去离子水,pH自然。
本发明实施例中靶位点及目的序列的核苷酸序列的SGD ID号均由https://yeastgenome.org提供:
LCB4的核苷酸序列的SGD ID为S000005697。
SHM2的核苷酸序列的SGD ID为S000004048。
CHA1的核苷酸序列的SGD ID为S000000569。
ORM2的核苷酸序列的SGD ID为S000004342。
ELO3的核苷酸序列的SGD ID为S000004342。
SHM1的核苷酸序列的SGD ID为S000000467。
delta22的核苷酸序列的SGD ID为S000007175。
TSC10的核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:3所示。
SYR2的核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:4所示。
LCB2的核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:5所示。
HAC1的核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:6所示。
实施例1高产植物鞘氨醇酿酒酵母菌株的构建
如图1所示,根据酿酒酵母中植物鞘氨醇的生物合成途径,降低或者增强相关基因编码的蛋白质活性。
(1)基因及来源
菌株构建所用代谢途径编码的相关基因及其同源臂片段,非特殊说明,均从酵母CEN.PK2-1D(EUROSCARF公司,德国)的基因组DNA中扩增,同时菌株构建过程中所有基因序列均在酿酒酵母基因组数据库(www.yeastgenome.org)查询得到。
(2)菌株构建
菌株PT01的构建:
利用chopchop网站,根据靶位点LCB4基因(Saccharomyces Genome DatabaseYOR171C)和设计靶标序列,所述靶标序列如下:
LCB4靶标序列:TTATAGAAGACCCGACAGAG。
以Addgene公司商业化质粒p426-SNR52p-gRNA.CAN1.Y-SUP4t为模板,利用引物P1/P2扩增得到p426载体片段,引物含有LCB4位点的20bp靶标序列。之后转化到大肠杆菌DH5α感受态中。挑选阳性转化子,使用引物P3/P4进行菌落PCR验证,获得的菌株记为p426-gRNA-LCB4,之后提取质粒-20℃保藏,用于后续酵母CRISPR-Cas9系统对LCB4位点的整合以及目的基因的转化。
以酿酒酵母CEN.PK2-1D为宿主菌,酿酒酵母CEN.PK2-1D基因组为模板,即表2中所列的模板,利用引物P5/P6扩增得到整合位点LCB4上游同源臂(SEQ ID NO:7,片段1),P7/P8扩增得到整合位点LCB4下游同源臂(SEQ ID NO:8,片段2)。DNA拼接方法按照文献(Modularpathway engineering of diterpenoid synthases and the mevalonic acid pathwayfor miltiradiene production,J.Am.Chem.Soc.(2012)134:3234-3241)的方法,使用重叠延伸PCR将这些DNA片段拼接为有重叠区的长片段。经PCR后获得的片段需经DNA琼脂糖凝胶回收(按照相应试剂盒说明书进行操作),定量后才能使用重叠延伸PCR方法进行片段连接。片段1和片段2利用引物P5/P8使用重叠延伸PCR方法融合得到片段3。按照文献(DNAassembler,an in vivo genetic method for rapid construction of biochemicalpathways,Nucleic.Acid.s Res.(2009)37:16)中的DNA装配方法,将上述带有同源臂和重叠区的片段3和p426-gRNA-LCB4质粒,通过乙酸锂化学转化法(Gietz etal.Method.Enzymol.2002,350,87–96),整合至酿酒酵母CEN.PK2-1D基因组上,酵母转化培养3天后,从平板上挑选10个菌落接种至装有1mL YPD培养基的1.5mL EP管中培养8h,取1μL于装有30μL新鲜配置的20mM NaOH的1.5mL EP管中,沸水浴10min后瞬间旋涡10s,立即放置于液氮中冷冻,反复操作三次获得模板。利用验证引物P9/P10进行菌落PCR,筛选阳性转化子。阳性转化子在5mL YPD液体培养基中,30℃摇床中培养至对数生长期,吸取5μL菌液转接于5mL YPD液体培养基中,继续培养12h,重复上述操作四次后,吸取100μL培养物离心后用无菌水清洗,涂布在含有1mg/mL的5-氟乳清酸的YND培养基(2%葡萄糖,0.17%酵母氮源,0.5%硫酸铵)上,2-3天后将平板上生长出的单菌落轻轻点在不含尿嘧啶的对照培养基中(添加终浓度为100mg/L的亮氨酸,20mg/L的色氨酸,20mg/L的组氨酸),若单菌落在对照培养基中未生长,且经菌落PCR验证正确,即为去除尿嘧啶筛选标记的菌株PT01。
所述的乙酸锂化学转化法如下所述:
1、酿酒酵母感受态制备:
首先挑取酿酒酵母单菌落接种于3mLYPD液体培养基中,在30℃摇床中振荡培养过夜。然后取0.5mL过夜培养的菌液转接至新鲜的30mLYPD液体培养基中,使得OD600=0.2,接着在30℃摇床中振荡培养约4h。等OD600=0.5时,将菌液倒入灭菌的50mL离心管中,然后在4℃冷冻离心机中4500rpm低速离心4min后,倒掉上清液,收集菌体。吸取事先预冷的900μL无菌水和100μL 10×LiAc将菌体重悬转移至2mL离心管中,4℃冷冻离心机中4500rpm离心1min,然后再重复一次。最后弃掉大部分上清液,留80μL上清液轻柔重悬菌体,将离心管放置于冰上,得到酿酒酵母感受态细胞。
2、酿酒酵母感受态转化:
配置转化体系于2mL无菌EP管,如表1所示:
表1酵母转化体系
首先向上述转化体系中加入30μL酵母感受态细胞,轻柔混匀后高速涡旋10s。然后在30℃培养箱中静置孵育30min,加入36μL二甲基亚砜,高速涡旋15s,接着在42℃水浴锅中热激15min。热激结束后取出,在4℃冷冻离心机中4500rpm低速离心1min,倒掉上清液,然后向离心管中加入1mL无菌的YPD液体培养基,在30℃摇床振荡孵育1h。孵育结束后,在4℃冷冻离心机中4500rpm低速离心1min,倒掉上清液,然后加入1mL无菌水洗涤菌体,继续4500rpm离心1min,吸出900μL上清。最后剩100μL无菌水重悬菌体,涂布于YND选择培养基上,30℃倒置培养2-3天。
所述的PCR扩增体系为50μL:Prime STAR Max Premix(2×)25μL,浓度10μmol/L的上游引物1μL,浓度10μmol/L的下游引物1μL,模板1μL,用ddH2O补足50μL。
所述的PCR扩增程序为:98℃预变性5min;98℃变性30sec,63-58℃(每循环降低0.5℃)退火10sec,72℃延伸1min,10个循环;98℃变性30sec,58℃退火10sec,72℃延伸1min,25个循环;72℃充分延伸10min,-20℃保存。
菌株PT02的构建:
利用chopchop网站,根据靶位点SHM2基因(Saccharomyces Genome DatabaseYLR058C)和设计靶标序列,所述靶标序列如下:
SHM2靶标序列:GGTCTATACCTACCAGATGG。
以Addgene公司商业化质粒p426-SNR52p-gRNA.CAN1.Y-SUP4t为模板,采用引物P11/P12,PCR扩增得到靶位点SHM2的gRNA表达盒的上游同源臂片段(SEQ ID NO:9,记为片段4);采用引物P13/P14,PCR扩增得到靶位点SHM2的gRNA表达盒的下游同源臂片段(SEQ IDNO:10,记为片段5)。DNA拼接方法如上所述。片段4和片段5利用引物P11/P14重叠延伸PCR方法融合得到片段6,得到靶向SHM2位点的gRNA表达盒。
酿酒酵母CEN.PK2-1D基因组为模板,使用表2中所列引物和模板,利用引物P15/P16扩增得到整合位点SHM2上游同源臂(SEQ ID NO:11,片段7)、利用引物P17/P18扩增得到整合位点SHM2下游同源臂(SEQ ID NO:12,片段8)以及靶向SHM2位点的gRNA表达盒(片段6)。DNA拼接方法如上所述。片段7和片段8利用引物P15/P18重叠延伸PCR方法融合得到一个大片段。以PT01为宿主菌,转化方法和去除筛选标记ura3方法如前所述,SHM2的gRNA表达盒的DNA片段,与p426载体在酵母体内发生同源重组,在Cas9蛋白协助下,SHM2基因被其gRNA定位,实现酵母基因组SHM2基因的敲除,得到重组酿酒酵母菌株PT02。
所述的PCR扩增体系和PCR扩增程序如上所述。
菌株PT03的构建:
利用chopchop网站,根据靶位点CHA1基因(Saccharomyces Genome DatabaseYCL064C)和设计靶标序列,所述靶标序列如下:
CHA1靶标序列:GTAGATAAAATCAGGAACAC。
以Addgene公司商业化质粒p426-SNR52p-gRNA.CAN1.Y-SUP4t为模板,采用引物P11/P21,PCR扩增得到靶位点CHA1的gRNA表达盒的上游同源臂片段(SEQ ID NO:13,记为片段9);采用引物P22/P14,PCR扩增得到靶位点CHA1的gRNA表达盒的下游同源臂片段(SEQ IDNO:14,记为片段10)。DNA拼接方法如上所述。片段9和片段10利用引物P11/P14重叠延伸PCR方法融合得到片段11,得到靶向CHA1位点的gRNA表达盒。
酿酒酵母CEN.PK2-1D基因组为模板,使用表2中所列引物和模板,利用引物P23/P24扩增得到整合位点CHA1上游同源臂(SEQ ID NO:15,片段12)、利用引物P25/P26扩增得到整合位点CHA1的下游同源臂(SEQ ID NO:16,片段13)以及靶向CHA1位点的gRNA表达盒(片段11)。DNA拼接方法如上所述。片段21和片段22利用引物P13/P26重叠延伸PCR方法融合得到一个大片段。以菌株PT02为宿主菌,转化方法和去除筛选标记ura3方法如前所述,CHA1的gRNA表达盒的DNA片段,与p426载体在酵母体内发生同源重组,在Cas9蛋白协助下,CHA1基因被其gRNA定位,实现酵母基因组CHA1基因的敲除,得到重组酿酒酵母菌株PT03。
所述的PCR扩增体系和PCR扩增程序如上所述。
菌株PT04的构建:
利用chopchop网站,根据靶位点ORM2基因(Saccharomyces Genome DatabaseYLR350W)和设计靶标序列,所述靶标序列如下:
ORM2靶标序列:TCCCAACATGAACGCTACGT。
以Addgene公司商业化质粒p426-SNR52p-gRNA.CAN1.Y-SUP4t为模板,采用引物P11/P29,PCR扩增得到靶位点ORM2的gRNA表达盒的上游同源臂片段(SEQ ID NO:17,记为片段14);采用引物P30/P14,PCR扩增得到靶位点ORM2的gRNA表达盒的下游同源臂片段(SEQID NO:18,记为片段15)。DNA拼接方法如上所述。片段14和片段15利用引物P11/P14重叠延伸PCR方法融合得到片段16,得到靶向ORM2位点的gRNA表达盒。
酿酒酵母CEN.PK2-1D基因组为模板,使用表2中所列引物和模板,利用引物P31/P32扩增得到整合位点ORM2上游同源臂(SEQ ID NO:19,片段17)、利用引物P33/P34扩增得到TDH3启动子序列(片段18)、利用引物P35/P36扩增得到3-脱氢二氢神经鞘氨醇还原酶基因TSC10(片段19)、利用引物P37/P38扩增得到整合位点ORM2下游同源臂(SEQ IDNO:20,片段20)以及靶向ORM2位点的gRNA表达盒(片段16)。DNA拼接方法如上所述。片段17、片段18、片段19和片段20利用引物P31/P38重叠延伸PCR方法融合得到一个大片段。以菌株PT03为宿主菌,转化方法和去除筛选标记ura3方法如前所述,ORM2的gRNA表达盒的DNA片段,与p426载体在酵母体内发生同源重组,在Cas9蛋白协助下,ORM2基因被其gRNA定位,实现酵母基因组ORM2基因的敲除及TSC10基因的导入,得到重组酿酒酵母菌株PT04。
所述的PCR扩增体系和PCR扩增程序如上所述。
菌株PT05的构建:
利用chopchop网站,根据靶位点ELO3基因(Saccharomyces Genome DatabaseYLR372W)和设计靶标序列,所述靶标序列如下:
ELO3靶标序列:ATCCAATCTTACAAGAAAGG。
以Addgene公司商业化质粒p426-SNR52p-gRNA.CAN1.Y-SUP4t(简称为p426)为模板,采用引物P11/P43,PCR扩增得到靶位点ELO3的gRNA表达盒的上游同源臂片段(SEQIDNO:21,记为片段21);采用引物P44/P14,PCR扩增得到靶位点ELO3的gRNA表达盒的下游同源臂片段(SEQ ID NO:22,记为片段22)。DNA拼接方法如上所述。片段21和片段22利用引物P11/P14重叠延伸PCR方法融合得到片段23,得到靶向ELO3位点的gRNA表达盒。
酿酒酵母CEN.PK2-1D基因组为模板,使用表2中所列引物和模板,利用引物P45/P46扩增得到整合位点ELO3上游同源臂(SEQ ID NO:23,片段24)、利用引物P47/P48扩增得到TDH3启动子序列(片段25)、利用引物P49/P50扩增得到鞘氨醇羟化酶基因SYR2(片段26)、利用引物P51/P52扩增得到整合位点ELO3下游同源臂(SEQ ID NO:24,片段27)以及靶向ELO3位点的gRNA表达盒(片段23)。DNA拼接方法如上所述。片段24、片段25、片段26和片段27利用引物P45/P52重叠延伸PCR方法融合得到一个大片段。以菌株PT04为宿主菌,转化方法和去除筛选标记ura3方法如前所述,ELO3的gRNA表达盒的DNA片段,与p426载体在酵母体内发生同源重组,在Cas9蛋白协助下,ELO3基因被其gRNA定位,实现酵母基因组ELO3基因的敲除及SYR2基因的导入,得到重组酿酒酵母菌株PT05。
所述的PCR扩增体系和PCR扩增程序如上所述。
菌株PT06的构建:
利用chopchop网站,根据靶位点SHM1基因(Saccharomyces Genome DatabaseYBR263W)和设计靶标序列,所述靶标序列如下:
SHM1靶标序列:TACTCCGCTATCATGAACGT。
以Addgene公司商业化质粒p426-SNR52p-gRNA.CAN1.Y-SUP4t为模板,采用引物P11/P57,PCR扩增得到靶位点SHM1的gRNA表达盒的上游同源臂片段(SEQ ID NO:25,记为片段28);采用引物P58/P14,PCR扩增得到靶位点SHM1的gRNA表达盒的下游同源臂片段(SEQID NO:26,记为片段29)。DNA拼接方法如上所述。片段28和片段29利用引物P11/P14重叠延伸PCR方法融合得到片段30,得到靶向SHM1位点的gRNA表达盒。
酿酒酵母CEN.PK2-1D基因组为模板,使用表2中所列引物和模板,利用引物P59/P60扩增得到整合位点SHM1上游同源臂(SEQ ID NO:27,片段31)、利用引物P61/P62扩增得到TDH3启动子序列(记为片段32)、利用引物P63/P64扩增得到丝氨酸棕榈酰基转移酶基因LCB2(片段33)、利用引物P65/P66扩增得到整合位点SHM1下游同源臂(SEQ ID NO:28,片段34)、以及靶向ORM2位点的gRNA表达盒(片段30)。DNA拼接方法如上所述。片段31、片段32、片段33和片段34利用引物P59/P66重叠延伸PCR方法融合得到一个大片段。以菌株PT05为宿主菌,转化方法和去除筛选标记ura3方法如前所述,SHM1的gRNA表达盒的DNA片段,与p426载体在酵母体内发生同源重组,在Cas9蛋白协助下,SHM1基因被其gRNA定位,实现酵母基因组SHM1基因的敲除及LCB2基因的导入,得到重组酿酒酵母菌株PT06。
上述菌株的基因型见表3。
表2实施例1用到的引物
注:引物序列中的下划线序列为与相邻片段的重叠序列,以便进行重叠延伸PCR。
表3本发明涉及到的菌株
实施例2植物鞘氨醇产量的测定
将实施例1构建的菌株分别在YND固体培养基上划线活化,温度30℃培养箱培养72h,单菌落接种至YPD培养基,培养温度30℃,转速200rpm,培养过夜,作为种子液;取种子液以体积浓度2%的接种量接种至30mL的YPD培养基培养温度30℃,摇瓶转速200rpm,培养96h后,培养物离心收集沉淀。
植物鞘氨醇高效液相色谱测定条件:使用安捷伦waters系统测定,流动相为乙腈-水溶液(80%乙腈,20%(0.1%磷酸-水))(0.22μm水系滤膜抽滤后需超声30min),色谱柱为ZORBAX SB-C8(4.6mm X 150mm,3.5mm;Agilent),流速设置为1mL/min,柱温箱温度为25℃,进样量设置为10μL,检测器为紫外检测器,吸光度设置为230nm。
植物鞘氨醇标准曲线的绘制:利用植物鞘氨醇固体(分析纯)溶于甲醇配置2mg/mL的植物鞘氨醇母液,分别加甲醇稀释至0.2mg/mL、0.5mg/mL、1mg/mL和1.5mg/mL,1:1加入邻苯二甲醛衍生试剂(称取50微克邻苯二甲醛(OPA)溶于2mL甲醇中,加入100μL2-巯基乙醇,再用硼酸缓冲溶液稀释到10mL,pH 10.5混匀),室温避光孵育30min,最终标样浓度为0.1mg/mL、0.25mg/mL、0.5mg/mL、0.75mg/mL和1mg/mL。将标样经0.22μm滤膜过滤后进行HPLC检测,通过对不同浓度的植物鞘氨醇标准品分析,以纵坐标为植物鞘氨醇浓度,横坐标代表峰面积绘制标准曲线。
配制山梨醇缓冲液(10mL):1.82g山梨醇、0.042g柠檬酸钠,用10mL pH 5.8的磷酸钾缓冲液溶解,涡旋震荡混匀,超净台中,滤器过滤除菌。
蜗牛酶液的配置:取5mL山梨醇缓冲液加入到装有1g蜗牛酶(厂家:索莱宝,CAS:9032-75-1)的棕色瓶中,轻轻摇动混匀,务必使蜗牛酶完全溶解,使用之前用枪头挑一下瓶底,看是否有未溶解的酶,若有沉淀,则继续摇动或用枪头吹吸,使其溶解,得到的溶液为浓度是200mg/mL的蜗牛酶溶液。
样品处理:事先称好空的2mL离心管的重量,取4mL酵母发酵液(YPD液体培养基),室温10000rpm离心1min,称好酵母细胞和离心管的重量,接着200μL无菌水洗涤菌体(吹吸重悬),室温10000rpm离心1min,弃上清。重复洗涤2-3次。酵母细胞重悬于500μL巯基化合物中,32℃水浴15-30min,期间轻轻颠倒离心管两三次,室温10000rpm离心1min,弃上清。将沉淀重悬浮于500uL山梨醇缓冲液中。按照每克酵母细胞,加入40mg蜗牛酶的比例,加适量体积配制的蜗牛酶溶液到酵母细胞溶液中,37℃保温1h。室温10000rpm离心1min,弃上清。离心得到的沉淀用2ml乙醚/水(体积比为8:3)提取两次,合并提取液。收集上层乙醚相,经真空干燥后,溶解500uL甲醇,1:1加入500uL邻苯二甲醛衍生试剂,涡旋震荡10s,室温避光孵育30min,将样品经0.22μm滤膜过滤后进行HPLC检测。
所述巯基化合物的体系(30mL):2.4mL的0.5M的EDTA,294μL的巯基乙醇,27.3mL的无菌水。
如图2所示,在YPD培养基发酵96h后,代谢改造的菌株相比于出发菌株CEN.PK2-1D,植物鞘氨醇的产量均有提高,菌株PT06的产量最高,为9.52mg/g干重。
实施例3过表达转录因子HAC1促进植物鞘氨醇合成
本实施例所用到的引物和模板在表2列出。
p426-gRNA-delta22质粒的构建:以Addgene公司商业化质粒
p426-SNR52p-gRNA.CAN1.Y-SUP4t为模板,使用表2中所列引物,利用引物P71/P72扩增得到p426载体片段,引物含有delta22位点的20bp靶标序列。之后转化到大肠杆菌DH5α感受态中。挑选阳性转化子,使用引物P73/P74进行菌落PCR验证,获得的菌株记为p426-gRNA-delta22,之后通过试剂盒提取质粒。以酿酒酵母CEN.PK2-1D基因组为模板,使用表2中所列引物P75/P76扩增得到TDH3启动子序列(记为片段35)、P77/P78扩增得到整合位点delta22上游同源臂(SEQ ID NO:29,片段36),P79/P80扩增得到HAC1片段(片段37),P81/P82扩增得到整合位点delta22下游同源臂(SEQ ID NO:30,片段38)。DNA拼接方法如上所述。片段35、片段36、片段37和片段38利用引物P77/P82重叠延伸PCR方法融合得到一个大片段。以PT06为宿主菌,转化方法如前所述,得到重组酿酒酵母菌株PT07。
采用实施例2中的菌株培养方法和植物鞘氨醇测定方法评估上述菌株的植物鞘氨醇合成能力。
如图2所示,与菌株PT06相比,组成型高表达HAC1的菌株PT07的植物鞘氨醇产量提高4.34倍,达到41.33mg/g干重。因此,过表达HAC1可以进一步提高植物鞘氨醇产量。
实施例4 5L发酵罐高密度发酵菌株合成植物鞘氨醇
发酵基础培养基为初始葡萄糖浓度为20g/L的YPD培养基(1%酵母粉,2%蛋白胨,2%葡萄糖),在实验室5L发酵罐中对菌株PT06进行分批补料发酵试验。
发酵罐补料培养基:精确称取500g葡萄糖,2.5g硫酸镁,3.5g硫酸钾,0.28g硫酸钠,9g磷酸二氢钾,用容量瓶定容至1L,115℃高压蒸汽灭菌30min。之后添加配制好的微量元素溶液10mL和维生素溶液12mL。
所述微量元素溶液:精确称取5.8g硫酸锌,0.3g氯化锰,0.3g无水硫酸铜,0.5g氯化钴,0.5g钼酸钠,2.9g氯化钙,2.8g硫酸亚铁,0.5M EDTA 80mL,用容量瓶定容到1L,使用0.22μm的水系滤膜过滤除菌,之后储存于4℃冰箱待用。
所述维生素溶液:称取0.05g生物素,1g烟酸,25g肌醇,1g泛酸钙,1g吡哆醇,0.2g对氨基苯甲酸,l g盐酸硫铵素,用1LddH2O定容。使用0.22μm的水系滤膜过滤除菌,之后储存于4℃冰箱待用。
一级种子培养:取PT07甘油菌200μL接种至装有3mL YPD种子培养基的试管中,30℃、200rpm培养至OD600=6-7。
二级种子培养:将一级种子按2%接种量转接至装有50mL YPD培养基的250mL摇瓶(同时五个摇瓶)中,30℃、200rpm条件下培养至对数生长中期(OD600=5-6)。
发酵罐接种:以10%接种量(250mL的二级种子,初始OD600约0.5)将二级种子转接至装有2.5L发酵培养基的5L发酵罐中开始发酵,发酵罐初始装液量为2.5L,初始培养基为含2%葡萄糖的YPD。
发酵罐参数设置:发酵温度为30℃,pH控制在5.8(通过0.5M HCl和5M NH4OH调节),通气量设为2.5vvm,DO(溶氧浓度)为20%,转速范围400-600rpm并将搅拌关联DO,其间根据培养基中葡萄糖的含量以及发酵液溶氧进行补料,将溶氧控制在20%左右。在约120h的周期内,采集样品并采用实施例2中植物鞘氨醇测定方法定量植物鞘氨醇。
如图3所示,与PT07摇瓶发酵相比,5L发酵罐发酵产植物鞘氨醇的最高产量提高了3.64倍,达到了150.54mg/g干重,滴度为2817mg/L。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明方法及其核心思想。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株,其特征在于所述高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株以酿酒酵母CEN.PK2-1D为出发菌株进行如下改造得到:敲除LCB4基因、SHM2基因和CHA1基因,在ORM2基因位点插入3-脱氢二氢神经鞘氨醇还原酶基因的表达盒,在ELO3基因位点插入鞘氨醇羟化酶基因的表达盒,在SHM1基因的位点插入丝氨酸棕榈酰基转移酶基因的表达盒,在所述高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株PT06的delta 22位点上插入转录因子HAC1基因的表达盒,得到高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株。
2.如权利要求1所述的高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株,其特征在于:所述3-脱氢二氢神经鞘氨醇还原酶基因的表达盒包括TDH3启动子和3-脱氢二氢神经鞘氨醇还原酶基因,所述TDH3启动子的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
3.如权利要求2所述的高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株,其特征在于:所述3-脱氢二氢神经鞘氨醇还原酶基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示。
4.如权利要求1所述的高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株,其特征在于:所述鞘氨醇羟化酶基因的表达盒包括TDH3启动子和鞘氨醇羟化酶基因,所述TDH3启动子的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
5.如权利要求4所述的高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株,其特征在于:所述鞘氨醇羟化酶基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:4所示。
6.如权利要求1所述的高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株,其特征在于:所述丝氨酸棕榈酰基转移酶基因的表达盒包括TDH3启动子和丝氨酸棕榈酰基转移酶基因,所述TDH3启动子的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
7.如权利要求6所述的高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株,其特征在于:所述丝氨酸棕榈酰基转移酶基因的核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:5所示。
8.如权利要求1所述的高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株,其特征在于:所述转录因子HAC1基因的表达盒包括TDH3启动子和转录因子HAC1基因,所述TDH3启动子的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
9.如权利要求8所述的高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株,其特征在于:所述转录因子HAC1基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:6所示。
10.如权利要求1所述的高产植物鞘氨醇的酿酒酵母菌株,其特征在于:所述改造采用CRISPR-Cas9酵母基因组编辑方法完成。
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