CN116100189B - High-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116100189B CN116100189B CN202310391077.5A CN202310391077A CN116100189B CN 116100189 B CN116100189 B CN 116100189B CN 202310391077 A CN202310391077 A CN 202310391077A CN 116100189 B CN116100189 B CN 116100189B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention provides a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire and a preparation method thereof. Based on the total weight of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire as 100%, the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire comprises the following elements: 6-8% of Mg, 0.3-0.5% of Cr, 0.1-0.25% of Mn, 0.1-0.2% of Nb, 0.2-0.35% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.15% of Fe, 0.01-0.05% of La, 0.01-0.05% of Ce, and the balance of Al and impurity elements. The preparation method of the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire comprises the following steps: and (3) smelting, refining, ultrasonic processing, continuous casting, extruding and drawing forming the raw materials to prepare the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire. The preparation method of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire provided by the invention has the advantages of simple working procedure, high yield, high production efficiency, low cost and the like. The high-strength aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire provided by the invention has excellent plastic deformation performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of aluminum-magnesium alloys.
Background
The aluminum alloy automatic welding is widely applied to the social fields of aerospace, rail transit, ships and the like, and high requirements are put on the quality of aluminum alloy welding wires. Besides ensuring the strength of the welding seam, reducing or avoiding the defects of cracks, inclusions, air holes and the like in the welding seam, the welding wire is also required to have good surface quality. The high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is a welding wire product which is more used and is suitable for automatic welding. The welding wire has high strength, difficult forming, large batch preparation difficulty and relatively dependent import of partial high-end welding wire products. The high-strength Al-Mg alloy welding wire is produced mainly by semi-continuous casting-extrusion method, and some products are produced by continuous casting and rolling method.
The high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire prepared by adopting a semi-continuous casting-extrusion method can obtain excellent alloy structure and has good product quality, but has the defects of complex working procedure, large equipment investment and high production cost. The continuous casting and rolling method has higher productivity, but the process and quality control are difficult, and the 5-series welding wire with high magnesium content is difficult to prepare.
Therefore, developing a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire suitable for automatic welding and a preparation method thereof becomes one of the problems to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire provided by the invention has the advantages of simple working procedure, high yield, high production efficiency, low cost and the like. The high-strength aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire provided by the invention has excellent plastic deformation performance.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention firstly provides a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, which comprises the following elements by weight based on 100% of the total weight of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire: 6-8% of Mg, 0.3-0.5% of Cr, 0.1-0.25% of Mn, 0.1-0.2% of Nb, 0.2-0.35% of Zr0.15%, less than or equal to 0.15% of Fe, 0.01-0.05% of La, 0.01-0.05% of Ce, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements.
In the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire described above, it is preferable that the content of a single impurity element in the elemental composition is 0.05% or less and the total content of impurity elements is 0.15% or less, based on 100% by weight of the total weight of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the high strength aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 6 to 7.5 percent of Mg, 0.3 to 0.45 percent of Cr, 0.12 to 0.2 percent of Mn, 0.12 to 0.2 percent of Nb, 0.25 to 0.35 percent of Zr0.15 percent of Fe, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of La, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of Ce, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15 percent. More preferably, the high strength aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire comprises the following elements in weight percent: 6 to 7.5 percent of Mg, 0.3 to 0.45 percent of Cr, 0.13 to 0.2 percent of Mn, 0.12 to 0.17 percent of Nb, 0.25 to 0.35 percent of Zr0.14 percent or less of Fe, 0.03 to 0.04 percent of La, 0.03 to 0.04 percent of Ce, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurity element is less than or equal to 0.03 percent, and the total content of impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.12 percent.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the high strength aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire is prepared by at least the following steps: and according to the element composition and the weight percentage of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, the raw materials are subjected to at least the steps of smelting, refining, ultrasonic treatment, continuous casting, extrusion, drawing, forming and the like, so that the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is prepared.
In the above high-strength almag welding wire, preferably, in the step of preparing the high-strength almag welding wire, the raw materials used include pure aluminum, pure magnesium, an aluminum-manganese master alloy, an aluminum-chromium master alloy, an aluminum-niobium master alloy, an aluminum-zirconium master alloy, and an aluminum-rare earth master alloy.
In the above high strength aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire, preferably, in the preparing step of the high strength aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire, the refining includes furnace refining and in-line refining. More preferably, the furnace refining includes: introducing mixed gas of argon and chlorine into the smelted melt at 730-740 ℃ for refining in a furnace for 3-5 minutes; and then slagging off the melt, adjusting the temperature of the melt to 710-720 ℃, and standing for 30-40 minutes. The online refining includes: the melt refined in the furnace is subjected to online dehydrogenation by using a rotary jetting degassing box, and is filtered and decontaminated by using a double-stage foam ceramic filter box, so that the cleanliness of the melt is further improved. According to the invention, a mode of combining furnace refining and online refining is adopted, after the scum on the surface of the melt is thoroughly scraped by the furnace refining, online refining is carried out to further remove hydrogen and oxide impurities in the melt, so that the purity of the melt is improved.
In the above high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, preferably, in the preparing step of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, the ultrasonic treatment includes: and carrying out on-line ultrasonic treatment on the refined melt, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1-2 Kw, and the frequency is 18-22 KHz. The invention adopts the melt refined by ultrasonic treatment, and the ultrasonic wave forms local supercooling in the aluminum magnesium alloy melt by acoustic cavitation, so that the added Nb and Zr elements separate out tiny Al 3 Zr and Al 3 Nb particles refine the grain structure as a crystalline core during the subsequent solidification. The melt after ultrasonic treatment is then fed into continuous casting and extrusion equipment for continuous casting and extrusion.
In the above high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, preferably, in the preparing step of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, the continuous casting includes: pouring the melt subjected to ultrasonic treatment into a rotary water-cooled grooved wheel through a flow nozzle of continuous casting and extruding equipment, solidifying and forming in a cavity formed by the solidification boot and the grooved wheel, and then entering an extruding boot to extrude and form to obtain a wire blank; wherein the casting temperature is 690-710 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 15-40 ℃, the diameter of the extruded wire billet is 4-6 mm, and the temperature of the wire billet at the outlet is 380-450 ℃. The continuous casting may employ continuous casting equipment conventionally employed in the art.
The invention adopts the continuous casting and extrusion process to prepare the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, and can directly obtain a semi-finished wire blank from the melt, and the process is simple and the yield is high. Meanwhile, the alloy casting structure is fully broken through severe shearing deformation, and the looseness formed in the solidification process is welded, so that the prepared welding wire blank has a compact internal structure. And the high temperature generated in the continuous extrusion process promotes the alloy to be obviously and dynamically recrystallized, the prepared welding wire blank is fully softened, the wire blank has good workability, and the wire blank can be directly drawn to the size of a finished product without intermediate annealing in the subsequent step, so that the production efficiency is high and the cost is low.
In the above high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, preferably, in the preparing step of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, the drawing forming includes: and continuously drawing the wire blank obtained by continuous casting and extrusion, wherein the pass processing rate is 10-15%, and drawing the wire blank into the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire. The drawing forming preferably adopts a multi-mode wire drawing machine. The wire blank is drawn to a size close to a finished product by adopting drawing forming, and more preferably, the diameter of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire manufactured by the drawing forming is 1.6-2.4 mm.
In the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire described above, preferably, the preparing step of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire may further include peeling, the peeling including: and (3) carrying out online peeling on the welding wire obtained after the drawing forming, wherein the thickness of the peeled wire is 0.01-0.03 mm, and preparing a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product. The peeling can remove scratches and fatigue layers on the surface of the welding wire, and a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product with better quality is obtained. More preferably, the diameter of the finished product of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire prepared after peeling is 1.6-2.4 mm.
In addition, the preparation step of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire can further comprise the steps of cleaning, drying and the like after peeling, and the steps can be performed by adopting the conventional operation in the field.
The rare earth elements La and Ce in the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire have extremely high chemical activity, so that the morphology and distribution of an inclusion phase can be improved, and the alloy plasticity can be improved; under the action of ultrasonic wave, nb and Zr elements make the cast grain structure fully refined, and can further improve the plastic deformation performance of the alloy. Meanwhile, the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is prepared by adopting a continuous casting and extrusion process, so that the prepared welding wire blank has compact internal structure, the alloy is obviously and dynamically recrystallized, and the prepared welding wire blank is fully softened and has good processability. Therefore, the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a preparation method of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, which at least comprises the following steps: and according to the element composition and the weight percentage of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, the raw materials are subjected to at least the steps of smelting, refining, ultrasonic treatment, continuous casting, extrusion, drawing, forming and the like, so that the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is prepared.
In the above preparation method, preferably, the raw materials used include pure aluminum, pure magnesium, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy, and aluminum-rare earth intermediate alloy.
In the above production method, preferably, the refining includes furnace refining and in-line refining. More preferably, the furnace refining includes: introducing mixed gas of argon and chlorine into the smelted melt at 730-740 ℃ for refining in a furnace for 3-5 minutes; and then slagging off the melt, adjusting the temperature of the melt to 710-720 ℃, and standing for 30-40 minutes. The online refining includes: the melt refined in the furnace is subjected to online dehydrogenation by using a rotary jetting degassing box, and is filtered and decontaminated by using a double-stage foam ceramic filter box, so that the cleanliness of the melt is further improved.
In the above preparation method, preferably, the ultrasonic treatment includes: and carrying out on-line ultrasonic treatment on the refined melt, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1-2 Kw, and the frequency is 18-22 KHz.
In the above preparation method, preferably, the continuous casting and extrusion includes: pouring the melt subjected to ultrasonic treatment into a rotary water-cooled grooved wheel through a flow nozzle of continuous casting and extruding equipment, solidifying and forming in a cavity formed by the solidification boot and the grooved wheel, and then entering an extruding boot to extrude and form to obtain a wire blank; wherein the casting temperature is 690-710 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 15-40 ℃, the diameter of the extruded wire billet is 4-6 mm, and the temperature of the wire billet at the outlet is 380-450 ℃. The continuous casting may employ continuous casting equipment conventionally employed in the art.
In the above manufacturing method, preferably, the drawing forming includes: and continuously drawing the wire blank obtained by continuous casting and extrusion, wherein the pass processing rate is 10-15%, and drawing the wire blank into the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire. The drawing forming preferably adopts a multi-mode wire drawing machine. The wire blank is drawn to a size close to a finished product by adopting drawing forming, and more preferably, the diameter of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire manufactured by the drawing forming is 1.6-2.4 mm.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the method for preparing a high strength aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire may further include the steps of: peeling, the peeling comprising: and (3) carrying out online peeling on the welding wire obtained after the drawing forming, wherein the thickness of the peeled wire is 0.01-0.03 mm, and preparing a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product. More preferably, the diameter of the finished product of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire prepared after peeling is 1.6-2.4 mm.
In addition, the preparation method of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire can further comprise the steps of cleaning, drying and the like after peeling, and the steps can be performed by adopting the conventional operation in the field.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the method for preparing the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire includes the following steps:
(1) Smelting
According to the element composition and weight percentage of the high-strength aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire, adding pure aluminum, aluminum manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum chromium intermediate alloy, aluminum niobium intermediate alloy, aluminum zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy into a smelting furnace, heating and melting, adding pure magnesium into aluminum liquid, stirring to completely melt, and then skimming slag;
(2) Refining in furnace
Adjusting the temperature of the melt to 730-740 ℃, introducing mixed gas of argon and chlorine for refining in a furnace for 3-5 minutes, then removing scum on the surface of the melt, adjusting the temperature of the melt to 710-720 ℃, and standing for 30-40 minutes;
(3) On-line refining
The melt refined in the furnace is subjected to online dehydrogenation by using a rotary jetting degassing box, and is subjected to filtration and impurity removal by using a double-stage foam ceramic filter box, so that the cleanliness of the melt is further improved;
(4) Ultrasonic treatment
Carrying out on-line ultrasonic treatment on the refined melt, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1-2 Kw, and the frequency is 18-22 KHz;
(5) Continuous casting extrusion
Pouring the melt subjected to ultrasonic treatment into a rotary water-cooled grooved wheel through a flow nozzle of continuous casting and extruding equipment, solidifying and forming in a cavity formed by the solidification boot and the grooved wheel, then entering an extruding boot for extrusion forming to obtain a wire blank, and coiling the extruded wire blank into a disc after cooling; wherein the casting temperature is 690-710 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 15-40 ℃, the diameter of an extruded wire blank is 4-6 mm, and the temperature of the wire blank at an outlet is 380-450 ℃;
(6) Drawing and forming
Continuously drawing a wire blank obtained by continuous casting and extrusion by adopting a multi-die wire drawing machine, wherein the pass processing rate is 10-15%, and drawing the wire blank to a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire with the diameter of 1.6-2.4 mm, wherein the size is close to that of a finished product;
(7) Peeling off
And (3) carrying out online peeling on the welding wire obtained after the drawing forming, wherein the thickness of the peeled wire is 0.01-0.03 mm, and preparing a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product with the diameter of 1.6-2.4 mm.
More preferably, the method for preparing the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire further comprises the following steps:
(8) Cleaning
The high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product obtained after peeling is put into a cleaning machine, and oil stains, aluminum scraps and the like on the surface of the finished product are cleaned and removed;
(9) Blow-drying
And (3) drying the cleaned high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product by hot air, and then taking up the wire to prepare the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire.
In summary, the invention provides a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire and a preparation method thereof. The rare earth elements La and Ce in the alloy have extremely high chemical activity, the morphology and distribution of the inclusion phase can be improved, the plasticity of the alloy is improved, the cast grain structure can be fully refined by Nb and Zr elements under the action of ultrasonic waves, and the plastic deformation performance of the alloy can be further improved. The invention adopts the continuous casting and extrusion process to prepare the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, and can directly obtain a semi-finished wire blank from the melt, and the process is simple and the yield is high. Meanwhile, the alloy casting structure is fully broken through severe shearing deformation, and the looseness formed in the solidification process is welded, so that the prepared welding wire blank has a compact internal structure. And the high temperature generated in the continuous extrusion process promotes the alloy to be obviously and dynamically recrystallized, the prepared welding wire blank is fully softened, the wire blank has good workability, and the wire blank can be directly drawn to the size of a finished product without intermediate annealing in the subsequent step, so that the production efficiency is high and the cost is low. Therefore, the preparation method of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is suitable for automatic welding and has the advantages of simple working procedure, high yield, high production efficiency, low cost and the like. The high-strength aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire provided by the invention has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below for a clearer understanding of technical features, objects and advantageous effects of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, which comprises the following elements in percentage by weight based on 100% of the total weight of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire: 6.5% of Mg, 0.35% of Cr, 0.13% of Mn, 0.12% of Nb, 0.3% of Zr, 0.15% of Fe, 0.03% of La, 0.03% of Ce, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15%.
The high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Smelting
According to the element composition and weight percentage of the high-strength aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire, adding pure aluminum, aluminum manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum chromium intermediate alloy, aluminum niobium intermediate alloy, aluminum zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy into a smelting furnace, heating and melting, adding pure magnesium into aluminum liquid, stirring to completely melt, and then skimming slag;
wherein the purity of the adopted pure aluminum is more than 99.7 weight percent, and the purity of the adopted pure magnesium is more than 99.9 weight percent;
(2) Refining in furnace
Adjusting the temperature of the melt to 730 ℃, introducing mixed gas of argon and chlorine (wherein the volume ratio of the argon to the chlorine is 95:5) for refining in a furnace for 4 minutes, then removing scum on the surface of the melt, adjusting the temperature of the melt to 715 ℃, and standing for 30 minutes;
(3) On-line refining
After casting is started, online dehydrogenation is carried out on the melt after furnace refining flowing through the launder by using a rotary jetting degassing box, and filtering and impurity removing are carried out on the melt after furnace refining by using a double-stage foam ceramic filter box, so that the melt cleanliness is further improved;
(4) Ultrasonic treatment
Continuously carrying out on-line ultrasonic treatment on the refined melt, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1.5Kw, and the frequency is 20KHz; the melt after ultrasonic treatment is then poured into continuous casting and extruding equipment;
(5) Continuous casting extrusion
Pouring the melt subjected to ultrasonic treatment into a rotary water-cooled grooved wheel through a flow nozzle of continuous casting and extruding equipment, solidifying and forming in a cavity formed by the solidification boot and the grooved wheel, then entering an extruding boot for extrusion forming to obtain a wire blank, and coiling the extruded wire blank into a disc after cooling; wherein the casting temperature is 700 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 20 ℃, the diameter of an extrusion line blank is 5mm, and the temperature of the line blank at an outlet is 400 ℃;
(6) Drawing and forming
Continuously drawing a wire blank obtained by continuous casting and extrusion by adopting a multi-die wire drawing machine, wherein the pass processing rate is 10-15%, and drawing the wire blank to a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire with the size close to that of a finished product, namely the diameter close to 2 mm;
(7) Peeling off
On-line peeling is carried out on the welding wire obtained after drawing forming, the thickness of the peeled wire is 0.02mm, and surface scratches and fatigue layers are removed, so that a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product with the diameter of 2.0mm is prepared;
(8) Cleaning
The high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product obtained after peeling is put into a cleaning machine, and oil stains, aluminum scraps and the like on the surface of the finished product are cleaned and removed;
(9) Blow-drying
And (3) drying the cleaned high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product by hot air, and then taking up the wire to prepare the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, which comprises the following elements in percentage by weight based on 100% of the total weight of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire: 7.2% of Mg, 0.42% of Cr, 0.15% of Mn, 0.17% of Nb, 0.32% of Zr, 0.13% of Fe, 0.04% of La, 0.04% of Ce, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15%.
The high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Smelting
According to the element composition and weight percentage of the high-strength aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire, adding pure aluminum, aluminum manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum chromium intermediate alloy, aluminum niobium intermediate alloy, aluminum zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy into a smelting furnace, heating and melting, adding pure magnesium into aluminum liquid, stirring to completely melt, and then skimming slag;
wherein the purity of the adopted pure aluminum is more than 99.7 weight percent, and the purity of the adopted pure magnesium is more than 99.9 weight percent;
(2) Refining in furnace
Adjusting the temperature of the melt to 740 ℃, introducing mixed gas of argon and chlorine (wherein the volume ratio of the argon to the chlorine is 95:5) for refining in a furnace for 5 minutes, then removing scum on the surface of the melt, adjusting the temperature of the melt to 720 ℃, and standing for 30 minutes;
(3) On-line refining
After casting is started, online dehydrogenation is carried out on the melt after furnace refining flowing through the launder by using a rotary jetting degassing box, and filtering and impurity removing are carried out on the melt after furnace refining by using a double-stage foam ceramic filter box, so that the melt cleanliness is further improved;
(4) Ultrasonic treatment
Continuously carrying out on-line ultrasonic treatment on the refined melt, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1.5Kw, and the frequency is 20KHz; the melt after ultrasonic treatment is then poured into continuous casting and extruding equipment;
(5) Continuous casting extrusion
Pouring the melt subjected to ultrasonic treatment into a rotary water-cooled grooved wheel through a flow nozzle of continuous casting and extruding equipment, solidifying and forming in a cavity formed by the solidification boot and the grooved wheel, then entering an extruding boot for extrusion forming to obtain a wire blank, and coiling the extruded wire blank into a disc after cooling; wherein the casting temperature is 710 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 25 ℃, the diameter of an extruded wire blank is 6mm, and the temperature of the wire blank at an outlet is 408 ℃;
(6) Drawing and forming
Continuously drawing a wire blank obtained by continuous casting and extrusion by adopting a multi-die wire drawing machine, wherein the pass processing rate is 10-15%, and drawing the wire blank to a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire with the size close to that of a finished product, namely, the diameter close to 2.4 mm;
(7) Peeling off
On-line peeling is carried out on the welding wire obtained after drawing forming, the thickness of the peeled wire is 0.02mm, and surface scratches and fatigue layers are removed, so that a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product with the diameter of 2.4mm is prepared;
(8) Cleaning
The high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product obtained after peeling is put into a cleaning machine, and oil stains, aluminum scraps and the like on the surface of the finished product are cleaned and removed;
(9) Blow-drying
And (3) drying the cleaned high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product by hot air, and then taking up the wire to prepare the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, which comprises the following elements in percentage by weight based on 100% of the total weight of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire: 6% of Mg, 0.32% of Cr, 0.17% of Mn, 0.15% of Nb, 0.28% of Zr, 0.14% of Fe, 0.034% of La, 0.035% of Ce, the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, the content of single impurity element is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15%.
The high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Smelting
According to the element composition and weight percentage of the high-strength aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire, adding pure aluminum, aluminum manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum chromium intermediate alloy, aluminum niobium intermediate alloy, aluminum zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy into a smelting furnace, heating and melting, adding pure magnesium into aluminum liquid, stirring to completely melt, and then skimming slag;
wherein the purity of the adopted pure aluminum is more than 99.7 weight percent, and the purity of the adopted pure magnesium is more than 99.9 weight percent;
(2) Refining in furnace
Adjusting the temperature of the melt to 730 ℃, introducing mixed gas of argon and chlorine (wherein the volume ratio of the argon to the chlorine is 95:5) for refining in a furnace for 5 minutes, then removing scum on the surface of the melt, adjusting the temperature of the melt to 720 ℃, and standing for 30 minutes;
(3) On-line refining
After casting is started, online dehydrogenation is carried out on the melt after furnace refining flowing through the launder by using a rotary jetting degassing box, and filtering and impurity removing are carried out on the melt after furnace refining by using a double-stage foam ceramic filter box, so that the melt cleanliness is further improved;
(4) Ultrasonic treatment
Continuously carrying out on-line ultrasonic treatment on the refined melt, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1.5Kw, and the frequency is 20KHz; the melt after ultrasonic treatment is then poured into continuous casting and extruding equipment;
(5) Continuous casting extrusion
Pouring the melt subjected to ultrasonic treatment into a rotary water-cooled grooved wheel through a flow nozzle of continuous casting and extruding equipment, solidifying and forming in a cavity formed by the solidification boot and the grooved wheel, then entering an extruding boot for extrusion forming to obtain a wire blank, and coiling the extruded wire blank into a disc after cooling; wherein the casting temperature is 703 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 20 ℃, the diameter of an extrusion line blank is 5mm, and the temperature of the line blank at an outlet is 411 ℃;
(6) Drawing and forming
Continuously drawing a wire blank obtained by continuous casting and extrusion by adopting a multi-die wire drawing machine, wherein the pass processing rate is 10-15%, and drawing the wire blank to a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire with the size close to that of a finished product, namely, the diameter close to 1.6 mm;
(7) Peeling off
On-line peeling is carried out on the welding wire obtained after drawing forming, the thickness of the peeled wire is 0.02mm, and surface scratches and fatigue layers are removed, so that a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product with the diameter of 1.6mm is prepared;
(8) Cleaning
The high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product obtained after peeling is put into a cleaning machine, and oil stains, aluminum scraps and the like on the surface of the finished product are cleaned and removed;
(9) Blow-drying
And (3) drying the cleaned high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product by hot air, and then taking up the wire to prepare the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire.
The mechanical properties and the overall yield of the high strength aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire prepared in the above examples are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 mechanical properties and process yield of aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides an aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire, which comprises the following elements in percentage by weight based on the total weight of the aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire as 100 percent: 6.3% of Mg, 0.32% of Cr, 0.2% of Mn, 0.12% of Nb, 0.25% of Zr, 0.15% of Fe, 0.03% of La, 0.035% of Ce, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurity element is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of impurity element is less than or equal to 0.15%.
The aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Smelting
Adding pure aluminum, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum-rare earth intermediate alloy into a smelting furnace according to the element composition and weight percentage of the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, heating and melting, adding pure magnesium into aluminum liquid, stirring to completely melt, and then skimming slag;
(2) Refining in furnace
Adjusting the temperature of the melt to 730 ℃, introducing mixed gas of argon and chlorine (wherein the volume ratio of the argon to the chlorine is 95:5) for refining in a furnace for 5 minutes, then removing scum on the surface of the melt, adjusting the temperature of the melt to 720 ℃, and standing for 30 minutes;
(3) On-line refining
After casting is started, online dehydrogenation is carried out on the melt after furnace refining flowing through the launder by using a rotary jetting degassing box, and filtering and impurity removing are carried out on the melt after furnace refining by using a double-stage foam ceramic filter box, so that the melt cleanliness is further improved;
(4) Continuous casting extrusion
Pouring the melt into a rotary water-cooled grooved wheel through a flow nozzle of continuous casting and extruding equipment, solidifying and forming in a cavity formed by the solidifying boot and the grooved wheel, then entering an extruding boot for extrusion forming to obtain a wire blank, and coiling the extruded wire blank into a disc after cooling; wherein the casting temperature is 705 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 25 ℃, the diameter of an extruded wire blank is 5mm, and the temperature of the wire blank at an outlet is 411 ℃;
(5) Drawing and forming
Continuously drawing a wire blank obtained by continuous casting and extrusion by adopting a multi-die wire drawing machine, wherein the pass processing rate is 10-15%, and drawing the wire blank to a size close to a finished product;
(6) Peeling off
On-line peeling is carried out on the welding wire obtained after drawing forming, the thickness of the peeled wire is 0.02mm, and surface scratches and fatigue layers are removed, so that an aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product with the diameter of 2mm is prepared;
(7) Cleaning
The finished product of the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire obtained after peeling is put into a cleaning machine to clean and remove oil stains, aluminum scraps and the like on the surface of the finished product;
(8) Blow-drying
And (3) drying the cleaned aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product by hot air, and then taking up the wire to prepare the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides an aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire, which comprises the following elements in percentage by weight based on the total weight of the aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire as 100 percent: 6.4% of Mg, 0.3% of Cr, 0.2% of Mn, 0.03% of La, 0.03% of Ce, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15%.
The aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Smelting
Adding pure aluminum, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum-rare earth intermediate alloy into a smelting furnace according to the element composition and weight percentage of the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, heating and melting, adding pure magnesium into aluminum liquid, stirring to completely melt, and then skimming slag;
(2) Refining in furnace
Adjusting the temperature of the melt to 730 ℃, introducing mixed gas of argon and chlorine (wherein the volume ratio of the argon to the chlorine is 95:5) for refining in a furnace for 5 minutes, then removing scum on the surface of the melt, adjusting the temperature of the melt to 720 ℃, and standing for 30 minutes;
(3) On-line refining
After casting is started, online dehydrogenation is carried out on the melt after furnace refining flowing through the launder by using a rotary jetting degassing box, and filtering and impurity removing are carried out on the melt after furnace refining by using a double-stage foam ceramic filter box, so that the melt cleanliness is further improved;
(4) Continuous casting extrusion
Pouring the melt into a rotary water-cooled grooved wheel through a flow nozzle of continuous casting and extruding equipment, solidifying and forming in a cavity formed by the solidifying boot and the grooved wheel, then entering an extruding boot for extrusion forming to obtain a wire blank, and coiling the extruded wire blank into a disc after cooling; wherein the casting temperature is 705 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 25 ℃, the diameter of an extruded wire blank is 5mm, and the temperature of the wire blank at an outlet is 410 ℃;
(5) Drawing and forming
Continuously drawing a wire blank obtained by continuous casting and extrusion by adopting a multi-die wire drawing machine, wherein the pass processing rate is 10-15%, and drawing the wire blank to a size close to a finished product;
(6) Peeling off
On-line peeling is carried out on the welding wire obtained after drawing forming, the thickness of the peeled wire is 0.02mm, and surface scratches and fatigue layers are removed, so that an aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product with the diameter of 2mm is prepared;
(7) Cleaning
The finished product of the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire obtained after peeling is put into a cleaning machine to clean and remove oil stains, aluminum scraps and the like on the surface of the finished product;
(8) Blow-drying
And (3) drying the cleaned aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product by hot air, and then taking up the wire to prepare the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides an aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire, which comprises the following elements in percentage by weight based on the total weight of the aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire as 100 percent: 6.8% of Mg, 0.3% of Cr, 0.15% of Mn, 0.15% of Nb, 0.3% of Zr, 0.15% of Fe, 0.035% of La, 0.035% of Ce, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurity element is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of impurity element is less than or equal to 0.15%.
The aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Smelting
Adding pure aluminum, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum-rare earth intermediate alloy into a smelting furnace according to the element composition and weight percentage of the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, heating and melting, adding pure magnesium into aluminum liquid, stirring to completely melt, and then skimming slag;
(2) Refining in furnace
Adjusting the temperature of the melt to 730 ℃, introducing mixed gas of argon and chlorine (wherein the volume ratio of the argon to the chlorine is 95:5) for refining in a furnace for 5 minutes, then removing scum on the surface of the melt, adjusting the temperature of the melt to 720 ℃, and standing for 30 minutes;
(3) On-line refining
After casting is started, online dehydrogenation is carried out on the melt after furnace refining flowing through the launder by using a rotary jetting degassing box, and filtering and impurity removing are carried out on the melt after furnace refining by using a double-stage foam ceramic filter box, so that the melt cleanliness is further improved;
(4) Ultrasonic treatment
Continuously carrying out on-line ultrasonic treatment on the refined melt, wherein the ultrasonic power is 5Kw, and the frequency is 20KHz; the melt after ultrasonic treatment is then poured into semi-continuous casting and extruding equipment;
(5) Semi-continuous casting
Pouring the melt subjected to ultrasonic treatment into a hot top type semi-continuous casting machine, casting into aluminum alloy round ingots with the diameter of 130mm, and cutting off the heads and the tails of the ingots by 300mm respectively;
(6) Homogenization treatment
Homogenizing the aluminum alloy round ingot, wherein the homogenizing treatment process is to keep the temperature at 460 ℃ for 30 hours so as to eliminate dendrite segregation of the ingot tissue and homogenize the alloy components and the tissue;
(7) Wagon for car
Turning the ingot to remove surface oxide skin and segregation phase defects;
(8) Extrusion
Reheating the cast ingot for extrusion, keeping the temperature at 410 ℃ for 5 hours, and simultaneously extruding four rod blanks with the diameter of 10mm by adopting a 1200T extruder;
(9) Drawing and forming
Carrying out multi-pass drawing on the rod blank, carrying out multiple intermediate annealing treatments in the drawing process to improve alloy plasticity, and connecting the wire blank by using a cold welding method to obtain a welding wire with a specified length;
(10) Peeling off
Performing online peeling on the welding wire obtained after drawing forming, and removing surface scratches and fatigue layers to prepare an aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire finished product with the diameter of 2 mm;
(11) Cleaning
The finished product of the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire obtained after peeling is put into a cleaning machine to clean and remove oil stains, aluminum scraps and the like on the surface of the finished product;
(12) Blow-drying
And (3) drying the cleaned aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product by hot air, and then taking up the wire to prepare the aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire.
The mechanical properties and the comprehensive yield of the aluminum alloy welding wires prepared in the above comparative examples are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 mechanical properties and process yield of aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire
As can be seen from the above tables 1 and 2, the preparation method of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire provided by the invention has the advantages of simple working procedure, high yield, high production efficiency, low cost and the like, and the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire provided by the invention has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A high strength aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire, comprising the following elements in percentage by weight based on 100% of the total weight of the high strength aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire: 7.2-8% of Mg, 0.3-0.5% of Cr, 0.1-0.25% of Mn, 0.1-0.2% of Nb, 0.2-0.35% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.15% of Fe, 0.01-0.05% of La, 0.01-0.05% of Ce, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements;
the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is prepared by at least the following steps: according to the element composition and the weight percentage of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, raw materials are at least smelted, refined, subjected to ultrasonic treatment, continuously cast-extruded and drawn to form, and the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is prepared;
wherein the ultrasonic treatment comprises: carrying out on-line ultrasonic treatment on the refined melt, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1-2 Kw, and the frequency is 18-22 KHz; ultrasonic wave forms local supercooling in the aluminum magnesium alloy melt through cavitation, so that added Nb and Zr elements are separated out finely
And->
Particles, which refine the grain structure as a crystalline core during the subsequent solidification;
the continuous casting extrusion comprises: pouring the melt subjected to ultrasonic treatment into a rotary water-cooled grooved wheel through a flow nozzle of continuous casting and extruding equipment, solidifying and forming in a cavity formed by the solidification boot and the grooved wheel, and then entering an extruding boot to extrude and form to obtain a wire blank; wherein the casting temperature is 690-710 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 15-40 ℃, the diameter of the extruded wire billet is 4-6 mm, and the temperature of the wire billet at the outlet is 380-450 ℃.
2. The high strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire according to claim 1, wherein the content of individual impurity elements in the elemental composition of the high strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is 0.05% or less, and the total content of impurity elements is 0.15% or less, in weight percent.
3. A method of preparing the high strength aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire of claim 1 or 2, comprising at least the steps of: according to the element composition and the weight percentage of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire, raw materials are at least smelted, refined, subjected to ultrasonic treatment, continuously cast-extruded and drawn to form, and the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is prepared;
wherein the ultrasonic treatment comprises: carrying out on-line ultrasonic treatment on the refined melt, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1-2 Kw, and the frequency is 18-22 KHz; ultrasonic wave forms local supercooling in the aluminum magnesium alloy melt through cavitation, so that added Nb and Zr elements are separated out finely
And->
Particles, which refine the grain structure as a crystalline core during the subsequent solidification;
the continuous casting extrusion comprises: pouring the melt subjected to ultrasonic treatment into a rotary water-cooled grooved wheel through a flow nozzle of continuous casting and extruding equipment, solidifying and forming in a cavity formed by the solidification boot and the grooved wheel, and then entering an extruding boot to extrude and form to obtain a wire blank; wherein the casting temperature is 690-710 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 15-40 ℃, the diameter of the extruded wire billet is 4-6 mm, and the temperature of the wire billet at the outlet is 380-450 ℃.
4. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the raw materials comprise pure aluminum, pure magnesium, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy, aluminum-niobium intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum-rare earth intermediate alloy.
5. The production method according to claim 3, wherein the refining includes furnace refining and on-line refining;
the furnace refining includes: introducing mixed gas of argon and chlorine into the smelted melt at 730-740 ℃ for refining in a furnace for 3-5 minutes; then, slagging off is carried out on the melt, the temperature of the melt is adjusted to be 710-720 ℃, and the melt is kept stand for 30-40 minutes;
the online refining includes: and (3) carrying out online dehydrogenation on the melt refined in the furnace by using a rotary jetting degassing box, and filtering and impurity removing on the melt refined in the furnace by using a double-stage foam ceramic filter box.
6. The production method according to claim 3, wherein the drawing forming comprises: and continuously drawing the wire blank obtained by continuous casting and extrusion, wherein the pass processing rate is 10-15%, and drawing the wire blank into the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire.
7. A production method according to claim 3, wherein the production method further comprises the steps of: peeling, the peeling comprising: on-line peeling is carried out on the welding wire obtained after the drawing forming, the thickness of the peeled wire is 0.01-0.03 mm, and a high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire finished product is prepared; the diameter of the finished product of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire is 1.6-2.4 mm.
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