CN114606415A - Aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner, continuous rheological extrusion forming preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner, continuous rheological extrusion forming preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
Abstract
The invention provides an aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner, a continuous rheological extrusion forming preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of aluminum and aluminum alloy casting. The aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner comprises, by mass, 2.0-6.0% of Ti, 0.1-3.0% of B, 0.1-5.0% of Nb, 0.02-0.5% of C, 0.02-1.0% of Ce, and the balance of aluminum. According to the invention, C, Ce and Nb elements are added simultaneously, so that the obtained grain refiner has a good refining effect on aluminum grains, and the aluminum grains can be refined to be below 150 mu m. Meanwhile, the invention provides a continuous rheological extrusion forming preparation method of the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner. The invention adopts the continuous rheological extrusion forming process, is beneficial to improving the refining effect of the grain refiner on aluminum grains, can realize the continuous production of the grain refiner, is beneficial to shortening the production period and reducing the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum and aluminum alloy casting, in particular to an aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner, a continuous rheological extrusion forming preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The rapid development in the fields of rail transit, aerospace, communication, automobiles, national defense and the like puts higher requirements on the performance of light metal materials such as aluminum, aluminum alloy and the like. The aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner plays an important role in improving the comprehensive performance of metal materials. The finer the crystal grains in the metal material, the more the crystal boundaries, the stronger the dislocation motion retardation, and the higher the material strength. In addition, the grain refinement can reduce the segregation of cast ingot structures, reduce the hot cracking tendency, improve the feeding in the casting solidification process, eliminate or reduce the looseness and improve the air tightness and the surface quality of the casting. CN112048629A discloses a preparation method of Al-Ti-Nb-B refiner for casting aluminum-silicon alloy, which can realize the grain refinement of aluminum alloy to a certain extent, for example, the grain size of alpha-Al in the aluminum-silicon alloy can be refined to 220 mu m, but the refinement effect still needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner, a continuous rheological extrusion forming preparation method and application thereof, and the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner provided by the invention has a good refining effect and can realize the purpose of refining aluminum grains to be below 150 mu m.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner, which comprises, by mass, 2.0-6.0% of Ti, 0.1-3.0% of B, 0.1-5.0% of Nb, 0.02-0.5% of C, 0.02-1.0% of Ce, and the balance of aluminum.
Preferably, the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner comprises, by mass, 3.0-5.5% of Ti, 0.5-2.5% of B, 0.1-3.0% of Nb, 0.03-0.4% of C, 0.05-0.8% of Ce, and the balance of aluminum.
The invention provides a continuous rheological extrusion forming preparation method of an aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner, which comprises the following steps:
providing a grain refiner melt, wherein the components of the grain refiner melt are consistent with those of the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner in the technical scheme;
and based on a continuous rheological extrusion forming method, casting the melt of the grain refiner, and then carrying out solidification forming to obtain the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner.
Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the grain refiner melt comprise an aluminum ingot, a titanium source, a boron source, a carbon source, an Al-Ce intermediate alloy and an Al-Nb intermediate alloy.
Preferably, the titanium source comprises elemental titanium or a titanium salt; the boron source comprises elemental boron or a boron salt; the carbon source comprises activated carbon or graphite powder; the mass fraction of Ce in the Al-Ce intermediate alloy is 2-20%; the mass fraction of Nb in the Al-Nb master alloy is 2-20%.
Preferably, the continuous rheological extrusion forming preparation method of the grain refiner melt comprises the following steps:
melting and preserving heat of the aluminum ingot to obtain an aluminum melt;
mixing the aluminum melt, a titanium source, a boron source and a carbon source to obtain an Al-Ti-B-C melt;
mixing the Al-Ti-B-C melt, the Al-Ce intermediate alloy and the Al-Nb intermediate alloy to obtain an Al-Ti-B-C-Ce-Nb melt;
and degassing and deslagging the Al-Ti-B-C-Ce-Nb melt to obtain a grain refiner melt.
Preferably, the melting and heat preservation temperature is 700-800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-30 min; the temperature for mixing the aluminum melt, the titanium source, the boron source and the carbon source is 750-1200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-30 min; the mixing temperature of the Al-Ti-B-C melt, the Al-Ce intermediate alloy and the Al-Nb intermediate alloy is 750-900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-30 min; the temperature of the degassing and deslagging treatment is 700-900 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the grain refiner melt is 700-900 ℃.
Preferably, the equipment adopted by the continuous rheological extrusion forming method is a continuous rheological extruder, and the rotating speed of an extrusion wheel in the continuous rheological extruder is 2-10 rad/min.
The invention provides the application of the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner in the technical scheme or the application of the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner prepared by the continuous rheological extrusion forming preparation method in refining aluminum grains.
The invention provides an aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner, which comprises, by mass, 2.0-6.0% of Ti, 0.1-3.0% of B, 0.1-5.0% of Nb, 0.02-0.5% of C, 0.02-1.0% of Ce, and the balance of aluminum. The invention can form TiAl by simultaneously adding C, Ce and Nb elements3、TiB2、TiC、Ti2Al20Ce、NbAl3And NbB2And a plurality of compounds for inhibiting crystal nuclei are used for increasing effective nucleation centers in the aluminum melt and promoting non-uniform nucleation of the aluminum melt, so that the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner has a good refining effect on aluminum grains and can realize the purpose of refining the aluminum grains to be less than 150 mu m.
The invention provides a continuous rheological extrusion forming preparation method of an aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner, which comprises the following steps: providing a grain refiner melt, the composition of the grain refiner melt being consistent with the composition of the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner; and based on a continuous rheological extrusion forming method, casting the melt of the grain refiner, and then carrying out solidification forming to obtain the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner. The invention adopts a continuous rheological extrusion forming process, and based on the twisting shearing action of an extrusion wheel groove in continuous rheological extrusion equipment (particularly a continuous rheological extrusion machine), the shearing action of a 90-degree corner of a metal flow path at an outlet of the wheel groove and the extrusion action of an extrusion die, TiAl is enabled to be adopted3、TiB2、TiC、Ti2Al20Ce、NbAl3And NbB2And the active particles of the refiner are micronized, the number of the active particles is more, the active particles are more uniformly distributed, and the refining effect of the grain refiner on aluminum grains is favorably improved. Meanwhile, the invention adopts a continuous rheological extrusion forming process, can extrude and form liquid metal into products in one step, can realize the continuous production of grain refiner, and is similar to the traditional methodCompared with the extrusion process comprising the procedures of ingot casting, cutting, heating, extrusion and the like, the production period is greatly shortened, the energy is saved by 40 percent, and the cost is reduced by 30 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the process for preparing the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure of an as-cast A356 alloy;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure of a refined A356 alloy obtained by refining an as-cast A356 alloy using a refiner wire of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic structure of a refined A356 alloy obtained by refining an as-cast A356 alloy using a refiner wire of example 2;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic structure diagram of a refined A356 alloy obtained by refining an as-cast A356 alloy using a refiner wire of example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner, which comprises, by mass, 2.0-6.0% of Ti, 0.1-3.0% of B, 0.1-5.0% of Nb, 0.02-0.5% of C, 0.02-1.0% of Ce, and the balance of aluminum.
The aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner provided by the invention comprises 2.0-6.0% of Ti, preferably 3.0-5.5%, more preferably 4.0-5.0%, and further preferably 4.5-5.0% by mass.
The aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner comprises, by mass, 0.1-3.0% of B, preferably 0.5-2.5%, more preferably 0.8-2.0%, and further preferably 1.0-1.5%.
The aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner provided by the invention comprises 0.1-5.0% of Nb, preferably 0.1-3.0%, more preferably 0.1-1.0%, and further preferably 0.1-0.15% by mass fraction.
The aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner comprises, by mass, 0.02-0.5% of C, preferably 0.03-0.4%, more preferably 0.05-0.3%, and even more preferably 0.1-0.2%.
The aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner comprises, by mass, Ce0.02-1.0%, preferably 0.05-0.8%, more preferably 0.1-0.5%, and even more preferably 0.2-0.3%.
According to the mass fraction, the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner provided by the invention comprises the balance of aluminum.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner is specifically any one of the following:
Al-5wt.％Ti-1wt.％B-0.2wt.％Ce-0.1wt.％C-0.1wt.％Nb；
Al-6wt.％Ti-2wt.％B-0.5wt.％Ce-0.03wt.％C-0.1wt.％Nb；
Al-4wt.％Ti-0.8wt.％B-0.8wt.％Ce-0.02wt.％C-0.15wt.％Nb。
in the present invention, Ti and Nb act to form TiAl compounds with Al, respectively3And NbAl3Plays a role of main heterogeneous nucleation, and simultaneously B, C, Nb generates TiB with Ti2TiC and NbB2Waiting for potential heterogeneous nucleation base points; the effect of Ce is to change TiAl3Morphology and distribution, hindrance of TiB2TiC growth, refining TiAl3、TiB2TiC; all the components supplement each other, so that the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner has a better refining effect.
The invention provides a continuous rheological extrusion forming preparation method of an aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner, which comprises the following steps:
providing a grain refiner melt, wherein the components of the grain refiner melt are consistent with those of the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner in the technical scheme;
and based on a continuous rheological extrusion forming method, casting the melt of the grain refiner, and then carrying out solidification forming to obtain the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner.
The invention provides a grain refiner melt, and the components of the grain refiner melt are consistent with those of the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner in the technical scheme. In the invention, the raw materials for preparing the grain refiner melt preferably comprise an aluminum ingot, a titanium source, a boron source, a carbon source, an Al-Ce intermediate alloy and an Al-Nb intermediateAlloying; the purity of the aluminum ingot is preferably greater than 99.99%, more preferably 99.993%; the titanium source preferably comprises elemental titanium or a titanium salt, and the titanium salt preferably comprises K2TiF6Or Na2TiF6(ii) a The boron source preferably comprises elemental boron or a boron salt, and the boron salt preferably comprises KBF4Or NaBF4(ii) a The carbon source preferably comprises activated carbon or graphite powder, and the particle sizes of the activated carbon and the graphite powder are preferably equal to or larger than 200 meshes, more preferably 200-325 meshes, and further preferably 200-270 meshes. In the invention, the mass fraction of Ce in the Al-Ce intermediate alloy is preferably 2-20%, and more preferably 8-10%; the mass fraction of Nb in the Al-Nb master alloy is preferably 2-20%, and more preferably 8-10%. In the present invention, the Al-Ce master alloy and the Al-Nb master alloy are preferably commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, the continuous rheo-extrusion forming preparation method of the grain refiner melt preferably comprises the following steps:
melting and preserving heat of the aluminum ingot to obtain an aluminum melt;
mixing the aluminum melt, a titanium source, a boron source and a carbon source to obtain an Al-Ti-B-C melt;
mixing the Al-Ti-B-C melt, the Al-Ce intermediate alloy and the Al-Nb intermediate alloy to obtain an Al-Ti-B-C-Ce-Nb melt;
and degassing and deslagging the Al-Ti-B-C-Ce-Nb melt to obtain a grain refiner melt.
In the invention, the raw materials for preparing the grain refiner melt are preferably dried before use, and the drying temperature of each raw material is preferably 80-200 ℃ independently, and more preferably 100-150 ℃; the drying time is independently preferably 0.5-60 h, and more preferably 10-24 h. In the present invention, the aluminum ingot is preferably sliced before drying to facilitate subsequent surface treatment and melting.
The invention melts and preserves heat of the aluminum ingot to obtain the aluminum melt. In the invention, the melting and heat preservation temperature is preferably 700-800 ℃, more preferably 750-790 ℃, and further preferably 760-780 ℃; the heat preservation time is preferably 10-30 min, and more preferably 20-30 min. In an embodiment of the invention, said melting and holding are carried out in a smelting furnace.
After the aluminum melt is obtained, the aluminum melt, the titanium source, the boron source and the carbon source are mixed to obtain the Al-Ti-B-C melt. The titanium source, the boron source and the carbon source are preferably added into the aluminum melt, and the titanium source, the boron source and the carbon source can be fed at one time or fed in batches; when the feeding in batches is adopted, the feeding is preferably carried out twice, specifically, the titanium source and the carbon source are firstly added, then the boron source is added, and the time interval between two adjacent times of feeding is preferably 10-40 min, and more preferably 20-30 min. In the invention, the mixing temperature of the aluminum melt, the titanium source, the boron source and the carbon source is preferably 750-1200 ℃, more preferably 800-950 ℃, and further preferably 900-920 ℃; the heat preservation time is preferably 10-30 min, and more preferably 20-30 min. The temperature of the aluminum melt is preferably controlled to be 750-1200 ℃, and then the titanium source, the boron source and the carbon source are added for heat preservation. In the invention, the mixing of the aluminum melt, the titanium source, the boron source and the carbon source is preferably carried out under stirring conditions, specifically mechanical stirring, electromagnetic stirring or ultrasonic stirring, so as to ensure that a homogeneous Al-Ti-B-C melt is obtained; the stirring time is preferably 10-30 min. In the invention, in the process of mixing the aluminum melt, the titanium source, the boron source and the carbon source, the titanium source and the aluminum react to generate TiAl3Formation of TiB from compound, boron source, carbon source and titanium source2Compounds and TiC compounds.
After the Al-Ti-B-C melt is obtained, the Al-Ti-B-C melt, the Al-Ce intermediate alloy and the Al-Nb intermediate alloy are mixed to obtain the Al-Ti-B-C-Ce-Nb melt. The Al-Ce intermediate alloy and the Al-Nb intermediate alloy are preferably added into the Al-Ti-B-C melt. In the invention, the mixing temperature of the Al-Ti-B-C melt, the Al-Ce intermediate alloy and the Al-Nb intermediate alloy is preferably 750-900 ℃, more preferably 760-850 ℃, and further preferably 780-820 ℃; the heat preservation time is preferably 10-30 min, and more preferably 20-30 min. According to the invention, the temperature of the Al-Ti-B-C melt is preferably controlled at 750-900 ℃, and then the Al-Ce intermediate alloy and the Al-Nb intermediate alloy are added for heat preservation. In the invention, the Al-Ti-B-C melt, the Al-Ce intermediate alloy and the Al-Nb intermediate alloy are mixed preferably under the stirring condition, specifically, mechanical stirring, electromagnetic stirring or ultrasonic stirring is carried out, so as to ensure that a homogeneous Al-Ti-B-C-Ce-Nb melt is obtained; the stirring time is preferably 10-30 min.
After the Al-Ti-B-C-Ce-Nb melt is obtained, the Al-Ti-B-C-Ce-Nb melt is subjected to degassing and deslagging treatment to obtain the grain refiner melt. In the invention, the temperature of the degassing and deslagging treatment is preferably 700-900 ℃, more preferably 730-890 ℃, and further preferably 750-880 ℃; the reagent adopted in the degassing and deslagging treatment is preferably a commercial degassing and deslagging agent, and specifically can be an argon or aluminum alloy refining agent.
After the grain refiner melt is obtained, the invention is based on a continuous rheological extrusion forming method, and the grain refiner melt is cast and then is solidified and formed to obtain the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner. In the invention, the equipment adopted by the continuous rheological extrusion forming method is preferably a continuous rheological extruder, and specifically, the grain refiner melt is poured into the continuous rheological extruder, solidified in an extrusion wheel groove of the continuous rheological extruder and dragged into an extrusion die at an outlet of the extrusion wheel groove under the action of friction force of an extrusion wheel for extrusion forming, so that the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner is obtained. In the invention, the rotating speed of the extrusion wheel is preferably 2-10 rad/min, and more preferably 5-8 rad/min; the temperature of the grain refiner melt is preferably 700-900 ℃, more preferably 730-890 ℃, and further preferably 750-880 ℃. In the embodiment of the invention, the continuous rheological extruder is started, the rotating speed of the extrusion wheel is adjusted to be 2-10 rad/min, the room temperature cooling water of the continuous rheological extruder is opened (used for the final cooling process), the grain refiner melt with the temperature of 700-900 ℃ is poured to the inlet of the groove of the extrusion wheel through a pouring launder, the grain refiner melt is solidified in the extrusion wheel and is continuously extruded and formed, and the extruded and formed material is cooled through the room temperature cooling water in the cooling tank at the outlet of the continuous rheological extruder to obtain the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner. In the invention, the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner is preferably a wire, and the diameter of the wire is preferably 3-20 mm, and specifically can be 3mm, 5mm, 10mm or 20 mm. After cooling, the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner is coiled by coiling equipment or cut into required length on line by a cutting machine.
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the preparation of an aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner of the present invention, specifically, an aluminum ingot is diced, dried, melted and heat-preserved to obtain an aluminum melt; drying a titanium source, a boron source and a carbon source, adding the dried titanium source, boron source and carbon source into an aluminum melt at the temperature of 750-1200 ℃, and keeping the temperature under the stirring condition to obtain a homogeneous Al-Ti-B-C melt; drying the Al-Ce intermediate alloy and the Al-Nb intermediate alloy, adding the dried Al-Ce intermediate alloy and the Al-Nb intermediate alloy into an Al-Ti-B-C melt at the temperature of 750-900 ℃, preserving heat under the stirring condition, and degassing and deslagging to obtain a grain refiner melt containing Al, Ti, B, C, Ce and Nb; then starting a continuous rheological extruder, adjusting the rotating speed to be 2-10 rad/min, casting at 700-900 ℃, and then solidifying and forming to obtain aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner wires or other section materials; and then cooling and coiling/cutting are carried out to obtain the material with the target size.
The invention provides the application of the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner in the technical scheme or the application of the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner prepared by the continuous rheological extrusion forming preparation method in refining aluminum grains. The aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner is preferably used for refining aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy preferably comprises A356 alloy, Al-Si alloy or any kind of wrought aluminum alloy. The method for refining the above-mentioned fine particles is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a method known to those skilled in the art may be used.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Will have a purity ofCutting 2kg of 99.993% aluminum ingots into blocks, drying the blocks in a drying box at 150 ℃ for 24h, heating the dried aluminum ingots in a smelting furnace to 780 ℃ and preserving heat for 30min to obtain an aluminum melt; 551g of K2TiF6256g KBF4And 2.20g of activated carbon are placed in a drying box at 150 ℃ for drying for 24h, the aluminum melt is heated to 900 ℃, and the dried K is added into the aluminum melt2TiF6Mixing with active carbon (particle size of 270 mesh), stirring, keeping the temperature for 20min, and adding dried KBF4Carrying out heat preservation treatment for 30min under the stirring condition to obtain a homogeneous Al-Ti-B-C melt;
putting 44g of Al-10 wt.% Ce intermediate alloy and 22g of Al-10 wt.% Nb intermediate alloy into a 150 ℃ drying box to be dried for 24h, heating the Al-Ti-B-C melt to 780 ℃, adding the dried Al-10 wt.% Ce intermediate alloy and Al-10 wt.% Nb intermediate alloy into the Al-Ti-B-C melt, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 20min under the stirring condition, and then carrying out degassing and deslagging by adopting an aluminum alloy refining agent at 750 ℃ to obtain a homogeneous Al-Ti-B-C-Ce-Nb melt (marked as a grain refiner melt);
starting a continuous rheological extruder, adjusting the rotating speed of an extrusion wheel to be 5rad/min, opening the continuous rheological extruder to cool water at room temperature, pouring the grain refiner melt into an inlet of an extrusion wheel groove through a pouring launder at the temperature of 750 ℃, solidifying the grain refiner melt in the extrusion wheel and continuously extruding the grain refiner melt into alloy wires with the diameter of 20 mm; the alloy wire is cooled by room temperature cooling water in a cooling tank, and then coiled by a coiling device or cut on line by a cutting machine into a grain refiner wire with a required length, and the grain refiner wire is marked as Al-5 wt.% Ti-1 wt.% B-0.2 wt.% Ce-0.1 wt.% C-0.1 wt.% Nb.
The as-cast a356 alloy was refined using the grain refiner wire prepared in example 1 according to the method YS/T489-2005 and the resulting refined a356 alloy was compared to the as-cast a356 alloy. Fig. 2 is a metallographic structure diagram of an as-cast a356 alloy, fig. 3 is a metallographic structure diagram of a refined a356 alloy, and it can be seen from fig. 2 and fig. 3 that the average grain size of the refined a356 alloy is 120 μm, which is much smaller than the average grain size of 800 μm of the as-cast a356 alloy, and the refining effect is significant.
Example 2
Cutting 2kg of aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.993 percent into blocks, placing the blocks in a drying box at 150 ℃ for drying for 24h, placing the dried aluminum ingot in a smelting furnace, heating to 760 ℃ and preserving heat for 30min to obtain an aluminum melt; 699g of K2TiF6542g KBF4And 0.70g of activated carbon is placed in a drying box at 150 ℃ to be dried for 24h, the aluminum melt is heated to 950 ℃, and the dried K is added into the aluminum melt2TiF6Mixing with active carbon (particle size of 270 mesh), stirring, keeping temperature for 30min, and adding dried KBF4Carrying out heat preservation treatment for 30min under the stirring condition to obtain a homogeneous Al-Ti-B-C melt;
placing 116g of Al-10 wt.% Ce intermediate alloy and 23g of Al-10 wt.% Nb intermediate alloy in a drying box at 150 ℃ for drying for 24h, heating the Al-Ti-B-C melt to 760 ℃, adding the dried Al-10 wt.% Ce intermediate alloy and Al-10 wt.% Nb intermediate alloy into the Al-Ti-B-C melt, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 30min under the stirring condition, and then carrying out degassing and deslagging by adopting argon at 700 ℃ to obtain a homogeneous Al-Ti-B-C-Ce-Nb melt (marked as a grain refiner melt);
starting a continuous rheological extruder, adjusting the rotating speed of an extrusion wheel to be 8rad/min, opening the continuous rheological extruder to cool water at room temperature, pouring the grain refiner melt into an inlet of an extrusion wheel groove through a pouring launder at 700 ℃, solidifying the grain refiner melt in the extrusion wheel and continuously extruding the grain refiner melt into alloy wires with the diameter of 10 mm; the alloy wire is cooled by room temperature cooling water in a cooling tank, and then coiled by a coiling device or cut on line by a cutting machine into grain refiner wire with the required length, and the grain refiner wire is marked as Al-6 wt.% Ti-2 wt.% B-0.5 wt.% Ce-0.03 wt.% C-0.1 wt.% Nb grain refiner wire.
The as-cast a356 alloy was refined using the grain refiner wire prepared in example 2 according to the YS/T489-2005 method, and the resulting refined a356 alloy was compared with the as-cast a356 alloy. FIG. 4 is a metallographic structure diagram of a refined A356 alloy, and it can be seen from FIG. 4 that the average grain size of the refined A356 alloy is 140 μm, which is much smaller than the average grain size of 800 μm of the as-cast A356 alloy, and the refining effect is significant.
Example 3
Cutting 5kg of aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.993 percent into blocks, placing the blocks in a drying box at 150 ℃ for drying for 24h, placing the dried aluminum ingot in a smelting furnace, heating to 770 ℃, and preserving heat for 30min to obtain an aluminum melt; 1108g of K2TiF6515g of KBF4And 1.11g of activated carbon is placed in a drying box at 150 ℃ to be dried for 24h, the aluminum melt is heated to 920 ℃, and the dried K is added into the aluminum melt at one time2TiF6、KBF4Mixing with active carbon (particle size of 270 mesh), stirring, and maintaining the temperature for 30min to obtain homogeneous Al-Ti-B-C melt;
putting 221g of Al-20 wt.% Ce intermediate alloy and 41g of Al-20 wt.% Nb intermediate alloy into a drying box at 150 ℃ for drying for 24h, heating the Al-Ti-B-C melt to 820 ℃, adding the dried Al-20 wt.% Ce intermediate alloy and Al-20 wt.% Nb intermediate alloy into the Al-Ti-B-C melt, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 30min under the stirring condition, and then carrying out degassing and deslagging by using a commercial degassing and deslagging agent (specifically argon) at 800 ℃ to obtain a homogeneous Al-Ti-B-C-Ce-Nb melt (marked as a grain refiner melt);
starting a continuous rheological extruder, adjusting the rotating speed of an extrusion wheel to be 10rad/min, opening the continuous rheological extruder to cool water at room temperature, pouring the grain refiner melt into an inlet of an extrusion wheel groove through a pouring launder at the temperature of 800 ℃, solidifying the grain refiner melt in the extrusion wheel and continuously extruding the grain refiner melt into alloy wires with the diameter of 5 mm; the alloy wire is cooled by room temperature cooling water in a cooling tank, and then coiled by a coiling device or cut on line by a cutting machine into a grain refiner wire with a required length, and the grain refiner wire is marked as Al-4 wt.% Ti-0.8 wt.% B-0.8 wt.% Ce-0.02 wt.% C-0.15 wt.% Nb grain refiner wire.
The as-cast a356 alloy was refined using the grain refiner wire prepared in example 3 according to the YS/T489-2005 method, and the resulting refined a356 alloy was compared with the as-cast a356 alloy. Fig. 5 is a metallographic structure diagram of the refined a356 alloy, and it can be seen from fig. 5 that the average grain size of the refined a356 alloy is 150 μm, which is much smaller than the average grain size of 800 μm of the as-cast a356 alloy, and the refining effect is significant.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner comprises, by mass, 2.0-6.0% of Ti, 0.1-3.0% of B, 0.1-5.0% of Nb, 0.02-0.5% of C, 0.02-1.0% of Ce, and the balance of aluminum.
2. The aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner of claim 1, wherein the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner comprises, by mass, 3.0 to 5.5% of Ti, 0.5 to 2.5% of B, 0.1 to 3.0% of Nb0.03 to 0.4% of C, 0.05 to 0.8% of Ce, and the balance of aluminum.
3. A method for preparing a grain refiner of aluminum and aluminum alloys as claimed in claim 1 or 2 by continuous rheo-extrusion, comprising the steps of:
providing a grain refiner melt having a composition in accordance with the composition of the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner of claim 1 or 2;
and based on a continuous rheological extrusion forming method, casting the melt of the grain refiner, and then carrying out solidification forming to obtain the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner.
4. The continuous rheological extrusion molding preparation method of claim 3, wherein the raw materials for preparing the grain refiner melt comprise an aluminum ingot, a titanium source, a boron source, a carbon source, an Al-Ce intermediate alloy and an Al-Nb intermediate alloy.
5. The continuous rheology extrusion fabrication method of claim 4 wherein the titanium source comprises elemental titanium or a titanium salt; the boron source comprises elemental boron or a boron salt; the carbon source comprises activated carbon or graphite powder; the mass fraction of Ce in the Al-Ce intermediate alloy is 2-20%; the mass fraction of Nb in the Al-Nb master alloy is 2-20%.
6. The continuous rheo-extrusion process of claim 4 or 5, wherein the continuous rheo-extrusion process of producing the grain refiner melt comprises the steps of:
melting and preserving heat of the aluminum ingot to obtain an aluminum melt;
mixing the aluminum melt, a titanium source, a boron source and a carbon source to obtain an Al-Ti-B-C melt;
mixing the Al-Ti-B-C melt, the Al-Ce intermediate alloy and the Al-Nb intermediate alloy to obtain an Al-Ti-B-C-Ce-Nb melt;
and degassing and deslagging the Al-Ti-B-C-Ce-Nb melt to obtain a grain refiner melt.
7. The continuous rheological extrusion forming preparation method of claim 6, wherein the melting and heat preservation temperature is 700-800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-30 min; the temperature for mixing the aluminum melt, the titanium source, the boron source and the carbon source is 750-1200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-30 min; the mixing temperature of the Al-Ti-B-C melt, the Al-Ce intermediate alloy and the Al-Nb intermediate alloy is 750-900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-30 min; the temperature of degassing and deslagging treatment is 700-900 ℃.
8. The continuous rheological extrusion molding preparation method of claim 7, wherein the temperature of the grain refiner melt is 700-900 ℃.
9. The continuous rheological extrusion forming preparation method according to claim 3 or 8, characterized in that the equipment adopted by the continuous rheological extrusion forming method is a continuous rheological extruder, and the rotating speed of an extrusion wheel in the continuous rheological extruder is 2-10 rad/min.
10. Use of the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner of claim 1 or 2 or the aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refiner prepared by the continuous rheological extrusion forming method of any one of claims 3 to 9 in refining aluminum grains.
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| CN116100189A (en) * | 2023-04-13 | 2023-05-12 | 江苏中天科技股份有限公司 | High-strength aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire and preparation method thereof |
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