CN115141947B - 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot with high-proportion scrap added, preparation method thereof and aluminum product - Google Patents
5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot with high-proportion scrap added, preparation method thereof and aluminum product Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/003—Aluminium alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/116—Refining the metal
- B22D11/119—Refining the metal by filtering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/20—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for removing cast stock
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/22—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot with high proportion of added waste, a preparation method thereof and an aluminum product, wherein raw materials for preparing the slab ingot comprise pure aluminum waste, other pure metal ingots except pure aluminum and intermediate alloy, the pure aluminum waste contains 60-100% of waste and 0-40% of pure aluminum, the waste consists of 1, 2 and 3-grade waste according to certain proportion requirements, and then attached impurities such as greasy dirt, paint and the like on the surface of the waste are removed through a low-temperature pretreatment process; in the casting process, refining is adopted twice, so that the purity of the melt is improved, the quality of the slab ingot is ensured, and the Ti content in the melt is required to be controlled to be less than or equal to 80% of the target Ti content, so that an Al-Ti-B refiner can be added online; the metal structure characteristics of the 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot added with the waste materials in a high proportion are similar to the microstructure of a 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot produced by 100% pure aluminum ingots. The aluminum plate prepared by the 5000 series aluminum alloy flat is produced by adding the waste materials in a high proportion, and the requirements of the anodic oxidation material on the mechanical property and the anodic oxidation property are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy material processing, in particular to a 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot with high-proportion waste added, a preparation method thereof and an aluminum product.
Background
The 5000 series aluminum alloy for anodic oxidation is widely used for 3C anodic oxidation products such as notebook computer shells, loudspeaker box shells and the like at present, and the production process comprises the following steps: smelting, casting, homogenizing, hot rolling, cold rolling, intermediate annealing, cold rolling, finished product annealing, forming and anodic oxidation. The final product has certain requirements on the anodic oxidation performance of the surface. Because of the genetic characteristics of the aluminum alloy material, the microstructure and defects of the slab ingot are all inherited to the subsequent working procedures until the finished product is obtained, such as large-size loosening of the slab ingot, difficult welding of pores and oxide skin in the rolling process, and serious influence on the surface quality and mechanical property of the finished product; the large-size second phase of the slab ingot, such as an Fe-containing phase, an Si-containing phase and other impurity phases, can cause blackening of an oxide film or influence the continuity of the oxide film in the anodic oxidation process, and seriously influence the quality of the anodic oxide film. Thus, the quality of the slab ingot is closely related to the quality of the final product.
At present, in order to realize recycling of recovered waste aluminum, the production cost is further reduced, and when enterprises at home and abroad produce 5000 series aluminum alloy slab ingots, a certain proportion of waste, generally class 1 waste, is added. Because the 2-level and 3-level waste materials have the problems of more impurities and greasy dirt, wide sources, complex components and overproof of partial elements (such as Ti, fe and the like), the addition of the waste materials can cause the overproof of the elements in the slab ingot, and the defects, impurity phases, the number and the size of the large-size second phases are obviously increased. Because the 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot for the anodic oxidation material has more strict requirements on defects and second phases, enterprises generally do not add or only add less than 30% of 1-grade waste materials when producing the 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot for the anodic oxidation material, and generally do not add 3-grade waste materials. The production cost is increased, the price of the 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot is seriously affected, and the competitive advantage of the 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot in an anodic oxidation product is obviously reduced. Currently, only apple companies propose the use of scrap aluminum to produce aesthetic aluminum alloy products (CN 112553513A, CN113802031 a), but only with limited composition.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot for anodic oxidation with a high proportion of added waste materials and a preparation method thereof, which can reduce the production cost of the 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot and ensure the production quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot with high proportion of added waste, a preparation method thereof and aluminum products, wherein the microstructure and mechanical properties of the 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot with high proportion of added waste are equivalent to those of 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot produced by 100% pure aluminum through controlling links such as proportioning, pretreatment, casting and the like, and the finished aluminum plate meets the requirements of the anodic oxidation material on the mechanical properties and the anodic oxidation properties after the following homogenization, hot rolling, cold rolling, intermediate annealing, cold rolling, finished product annealing and forming processing.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following specific scheme:
a preparation method of 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingots with high proportion of added scraps comprises the following steps:
s1, proportioning: the selected raw materials comprise pure aluminum scraps, other pure metal ingots except pure aluminum and intermediate alloy, wherein the pure aluminum scraps contain scraps and pure aluminum materials, and the mass of the scraps accounts for 60-100% of the total amount of the pure aluminum scraps;
s2, pretreatment: the raw materials are placed in a smelting furnace for low-temperature pretreatment, wherein the low-temperature pretreatment temperature is 200-300 ℃ and the heating time is 0.5-1.5 h;
s3, smelting: smelting the raw materials subjected to low-temperature pretreatment in a smelting furnace to obtain an alloy melt;
s4, online adding a refiner: online adding Al-Ti-B wire refiner into the alloy melt, wherein the adding amount of the refiner is determined by the difference value between the target adding amount and the last component test result in the step S3;
s5, online degassing: carrying out online degassing treatment on the alloy melt processed in the step S4 by using a double-rotor degassing machine, wherein the adopted gas is Ar gas;
s6, online filtering: performing two-stage filtration on the alloy melt subjected to online degassing, wherein the specification of a primary filter plate is 40-50 meshes, and the specification of a secondary filter plate is 50-60 meshes;
s7, casting: casting the alloy melt after online filtration to obtain an aluminum alloy slab ingot, wherein the total content of Si and Fe in the aluminum alloy slab ingot is 0.25-0.5 wt.% and the content of Ti is 0.0005-0.003 wt.%.
Further, in step S1, the selected scrap includes grade 1 scrap, grade 2 scrap, and grade 3 scrap.
Further, in the pure aluminum scraps, the content of the grade 1 scraps and the pure aluminum scraps is not less than 20 percent of the total amount of the pure aluminum scraps, the content of the grade 3 scraps is not more than 15 percent of the total amount of the pure aluminum scraps, and the balance is grade 2 scraps.
Further, in step S3, the specific steps of smelting include: melting, primary refining, primary degassing, primary slagging-off, primary standing, component testing, furnace pouring, component adjustment, secondary refining, secondary degassing, secondary slagging-off and secondary standing.
Further, in step S3, the Ti content of the composition test should be less than or equal to 80% of the target Ti content.
Further, in the step S7, the casting temperature is 700-710 ℃, the casting speed is 45-53 mm/min, and the cooling water quantity of a single crystallizer is 45-54 m 3 /h。
A5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot with high proportion of added scraps is obtained by adopting the preparation method.
Further, the average size of Fe phase in the slab ingot is less than or equal to 13.5um; the pinhole degree is 1 level, and the maximum size of the defect is less than or equal to 120um; the average grain size is less than or equal to 80um.
An aluminum sheet obtained by sequentially homogenizing the aluminum alloy slab ingot, hot-rolling, cold-rolling, intermediate annealing, cold-rolling, and finish annealing.
Further, the yield strength of the aluminum plate is more than or equal to 175MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 250MPa, and the color difference delta E of the finished product anodic oxide film is less than or equal to 0.5.
The invention provides a 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot with high proportion of added waste materials, which is used for controlling the content of Si, fe and Ti elements, wherein the total content of Si and Fe is 0.25-0.5 wt.%, and the content of Ti is 0.0005-0.003 wt.%, and the main purpose is to prevent the excessive content of Si, fe and Ti from forming coarse second phases in the slab ingot, the second phases are difficult to dissolve in a matrix in the subsequent process and inherit to a finished product, and the phases are generally expressed as broken granular Si, fe and Ti phases in the finished product plate, and cannot participate in anodic oxidation, so that an oxide film is blackened or darkened, the continuity of the oxide film is damaged, and the anodic oxidation performance is seriously influenced.
The main purpose of controlling the amount of 3-grade waste in the batching process is to control the content of Si, fe and other heavy metals which are difficult to remove, so as to prevent the slab ingot components from exceeding the standard; the main purpose of controlling the amount of grade 1 scrap is to control slab quality.
The pretreatment process is one of key processes for producing high-proportion added waste, and mainly aims to remove attachments such as greasy dirt and paint on the surface of the waste through low-temperature heat preservation, prevent impurities from being brought into a melt, improve the purity of the slab ingot melt, effectively reduce the defects such as oxides, looseness and air holes in slab ingot tissues, and is an important ring for guaranteeing the surface quality and mechanical property of a finished product plate.
A primary refining process (namely secondary refining) is added in the smelting furnace, and a large amount of impurities and oxides carried in the 3-level waste and the 2-level waste can be effectively removed in the process, so that the purity of the melt is improved. An important purpose of the smelting process and the online refiner adding process is to control the Ti content, wherein the Ti content of the component test in the smelting process should be less than or equal to 80% of the target Ti content, because the refining effect of Ti existing in the melt on slab ingot tissues is very small, while the online refiner adding of Al-Ti-B filaments has a remarkable refining effect on slab ingot tissues, if the Ti content of the melt exceeds 80% of the target Ti content before the refiner adding, the online addition of Al-Ti-B filaments will be very few or even none in order to ensure that the components of the final product are qualified, which will seriously affect the quantity of alpha-Al nucleation points in the casting process, resulting in the fact that slab ingot grains are bigger, and the control of the Ti content is a key for ensuring the quality of slab ingots.
The online filtering process adopts double-stage filtering, and the main purpose is to improve the purity of the melt and reduce the risk of impurities in the waste material entering the slab ingot, wherein the higher the specification of the filter plate is, the purer the melt is, the fewer defects and impurity phases in slab ingot tissues are, and the better the quality and performance of the finished slab are.
The casting temperature of the casting process is 700-710 ℃, the casting speed is 45-53 mm/min, the stable operation of the slab ingot casting process is facilitated, the cooling water quantity of a single crystallizer is 45-54 m < 3 >/h, and the rapid cooling of the surface of the slab ingot and the tiny structure can be ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot produced by the method has the advantages that the waste material ratio is more than or equal to 60%, the problems of coarse structure and defects in the waste material production process are creatively solved through the control of the preparation process, and the method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot uses 3-grade waste and a large amount of 2-grade waste, the influence of oil stains on the surfaces of the 3-grade waste and the 2-grade waste is removed through a pretreatment procedure, one-step refining is added in a smelting furnace, and impurities and oxides carried in the large amount of waste are removed, so that the mechanical property of the high-proportion added waste slab ingot is equivalent to that of a 100% pure aluminum slab ingot, and the mechanical property and the anodic oxidation property of a high-proportion added waste finished aluminum plate are equivalent to those of the 100% pure aluminum slab ingot after subsequent processing treatment.
(2) The 5000 series aluminum alloy slab ingot is prepared by adding waste materials in a high proportion, is simple and convenient to operate, has no special requirements on equipment and equipment, is beneficial to reducing the production cost, and effectively solves the problem of recycling waste aluminum.
(3) The 5000 alloy slab ingot for anodic oxidation produced by adding waste materials in high proportion provided by the invention contains Fe phase with average size less than or equal to 13.5um, pinhole degree of 1 level, defect maximum size less than or equal to 120um and grain average size less than or equal to 80um, and the following processes are carried out: homogenizing, hot rolling, cold rolling, intermediate annealing, cold rolling and finished product annealing treatment, wherein the yield strength of the finished product plate is more than or equal to 175MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 250MPa, the color difference delta E of the finished product anodic oxidation film is less than or equal to 0.5, and the requirements of the aluminum alloy plate for anodic oxidation are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure of a slab ingot obtained in comparative example 2.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure of the slab ingot obtained in comparative example 3.
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of the slab ingot obtained in example 1.
FIG. 4 is a crystal grain structure diagram of the slab ingot obtained in comparative example 3.
Fig. 5 is a crystal grain structure diagram of the slab ingot obtained in example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in connection with specific embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
A preparation method of 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingots with high proportion of added scraps comprises the following steps:
s1, proportioning: the selected raw materials comprise pure aluminum scraps, other pure metal ingots except pure aluminum and intermediate alloy, wherein the pure aluminum scraps contain scraps and pure aluminum materials, and the mass of the scraps accounts for 60-100% of the total amount of the pure aluminum scraps;
s2, pretreatment: the raw materials are placed in a smelting furnace for low-temperature pretreatment, wherein the low-temperature pretreatment temperature is 200-300 ℃,
the heating time is 0.5-1.5 h;
s3, smelting: smelting the raw materials subjected to low-temperature pretreatment in a smelting furnace to obtain an alloy melt; the smelting comprises the following specific steps: melting, primary refining, primary degassing, primary slagging-off, primary standing, component testing, furnace pouring, component adjustment, secondary refining, secondary degassing, secondary slagging-off and secondary standing, wherein the content of Ti is required to be ensured to be less than or equal to 80% of the target Ti content during component testing; if the Ti content does not meet the requirement, pure aluminum/intermediate alloy can be added into the smelting furnace for adjustment until the requirement is met.
S4, online adding a refiner: online adding Al-Ti-B wire refiner into the alloy melt, wherein the adding amount of the refiner is determined by the difference value between the target adding amount and the last component test result in the step S3;
s5, online degassing: carrying out online degassing treatment on the alloy melt processed in the step S4 by using a double-rotor degassing machine, wherein the adopted gas is Ar gas;
s6, online filtering: performing two-stage filtration on the alloy melt subjected to online degassing, wherein the specification of a primary filter plate is 40-50 meshes, and the specification of a secondary filter plate is 50-60 meshes;
s7, casting: casting the alloy melt after on-line filtration to obtain an aluminum alloy slab ingot, wherein the casting temperature is 700-710 ℃, the casting speed is 45-53 mm/min, and the cooling water quantity of a single crystallizer is 45-54 m 3 /h。
Wherein the selected waste material comprises grade 1 waste material, grade 2 waste material and grade 3 waste material.
In the pure aluminum scraps, the content of the 1-grade scraps and the pure aluminum scraps is not less than 20% of the total amount of the pure aluminum scraps, the content of the 3-grade scraps is not more than 15% of the total amount of the pure aluminum scraps, and the balance is the 2-grade scraps.
It should be noted that, the prepared aluminum alloy is different, and other pure metal ingots are selected, and in actual production, a proper pure metal ingot can be selected according to the specific model of the prepared aluminum alloy.
The 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot with high proportion of scrap added is obtained by the preparation method, wherein the total content of Si and Fe in the slab ingot is 0.25-0.5 wt.%, the content of Ti is 0.0005-0.003 wt.%, the average size of Fe phase in the slab ingot is less than or equal to 13.5um, the pinhole degree is 1 level, the maximum defect size is less than or equal to 120um, and the average grain size is less than or equal to 80um.
An aluminum sheet obtained by sequentially homogenizing an aluminum alloy slab ingot, hot-rolling, cold-rolling, intermediate annealing, cold-rolling, and finish annealing. The yield strength of the aluminum plate is more than or equal to 175MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 250MPa, and the color difference delta E of the finished product anode oxide film is less than or equal to 0.5.
Comparative example 1
A5000 series aluminum alloy slab ingot, the raw materials of which comprise 96.5wt.% pure aluminum scrap and 3.5wt.% pure magnesium. Wherein the pure aluminum scraps comprise 60% of scraps and 40% of pure aluminum, and the scraps are mainly 5xxx series alloy products; the waste consists of 50% grade 2 waste, 30% grade 1 waste and 20% grade 3 waste. The slab had a total Si and Fe content of 0.25wt.% and a Ti content of 0.019wt.%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting: the method is carried out in a smelting furnace, and comprises the following steps: melting, degassing, component testing, pouring, component adjusting, refining, degassing, deslagging and standing; the Ti component is 30% of the target component;
(2) On-line adding a refiner: the added refiner is AlTiB filament, and the addition amount is the difference between the target addition amount and the last component test result, and is 0.014wt.%;
(3) On-line degassing: using a double-rotor deaerator, wherein the gas is Ar gas;
(4) On-line filtering: adopting two-stage filtration, wherein the specification of the first-stage filter plate is 40 meshes, and the specification of the second-stage filter plate is 50 meshes;
(5) Casting: the casting temperature is 700 ℃, the casting speed is 48mm/min, and the cooling water quantity of a single crystallizer is 50m 3 /h。
Comparative example 2
A5000 series aluminum alloy slab ingot, the raw materials of which comprise 96.5wt.% pure aluminum scrap and 3.5wt.% pure magnesium. Wherein the pure aluminum scraps only contain scraps; the scrap is mainly 5xxx alloy products; the waste consists of 50% grade 2 waste, 30% grade 1 waste and 20% grade 3 waste. The slab had a total Si and Fe content of 0.58wt.% and a Ti content of 0.03wt.%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting: the method is carried out in a smelting furnace, and comprises the following steps: melting, degassing, component testing, pouring, component adjusting, refining, degassing, deslagging and standing; the Ti content is 95% of the target content;
(2) On-line adding a refiner: the added refiner is AlTiB filaments, and the addition amount is 0.005wt.%;
(3) On-line degassing: using a double-rotor deaerator, wherein the gas is Ar gas;
(4) On-line filtering: adopting two-stage filtration, wherein the specification of the first-stage filter plate is 50 meshes, and the specification of the second-stage filter plate is 60 meshes;
(5) Casting: the casting temperature is 700 ℃, the casting speed is 48mm/min, and the cooling water quantity of a single crystallizer is 50m3/h, so that the aluminum alloy slab ingot is obtained.
Comparative example 3
A5000 series aluminum alloy slab ingot, the raw materials of which comprise 92wt.% pure aluminum scraps, 3.5wt.% pure magnesium, 2.5wt.% aluminum-manganese master alloy and 2.0wt.% aluminum-chromium master alloy. Wherein the pure aluminum scraps only contain pure aluminum. The slab had a total Si and Fe content of 0.25wt.% and a Ti content of 0.019wt.%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting: the method is carried out in a smelting furnace, and comprises the following steps: melting, degassing, component testing, pouring, component adjusting, refining, degassing, deslagging and standing; the Ti component is 30% of the target component;
(2) On-line adding a refiner: the added refiner is Al-Ti-B wire;
(3) On-line degassing: using a double-rotor deaerator, wherein the gas is Ar gas;
(4) On-line filtering: adopting two-stage filtration, wherein the specification of the first-stage filter plate is 40 meshes, and the specification of the second-stage filter plate is 50 meshes;
(5) Casting: the casting temperature was 700℃and the casting speed was 48mm/min, and the cooling water quantity of the single crystallizer was 50m3/h.
Example 1
A5000 series aluminum alloy slab ingot, the raw materials of which comprise 97.0wt.% pure aluminum scrap and 3.0wt.% pure magnesium. Wherein the pure aluminum scraps only contain scraps; the scrap is mainly a 5xxx series alloy product, and consists of 60% of grade 2 scrap, 30% of grade 1 scrap and 10% of grade 3 scrap. The slab had a total Si and Fe content of 0.27wt.% and a Ti content of 0.025wt.%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment: the process is carried out in a smelting furnace, the temperature is 300 ℃ and the time is 1h;
(2) Smelting: the method is carried out in a smelting furnace, and comprises the following steps: melting, primary refining, primary degassing, primary slagging-off, primary standing, component testing, furnace pouring, component adjustment, secondary refining, secondary degassing, secondary slagging-off and secondary standing; the Ti content is 80% of the target content;
(3) On-line adding a refiner: the added refiner is AlTiB filament, and the addition amount is the difference between the target addition amount and the last component test result, and is 0.004wt.%;
(4) On-line degassing: using a double-rotor deaerator, wherein the gas is Ar gas;
(5) On-line filtering: adopting two-stage filtration, wherein the specification of the first-stage filter plate is 40 meshes, and the specification of the second-stage filter plate is 60 meshes;
(6) Casting: the casting temperature is 700 ℃, the casting speed is 45mm/min, and the cooling water quantity of a single crystallizer is 45m3/h;
example 2
A5000 series aluminum alloy slab ingot, the raw materials of which comprise 95.0wt.% pure aluminum scraps, 3.0wt.% pure magnesium, 1.5wt.% aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and 0.5wt.% aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy. Wherein the pure aluminum scraps only contain scraps; the scrap is mainly 5xxx alloy products; the waste consisted of 50% grade 2 waste, 42% grade 1 waste and 8% grade 3 waste. The slab had a total Si and Fe content of 0.32wt.% and a Ti content of 0.015wt.%.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment: the process is carried out in a smelting furnace, the temperature is 200 ℃ and the time is 0.5h;
(2) Smelting: the method is carried out in a smelting furnace, and comprises the following steps: melting, primary refining, primary degassing, primary slagging-off, primary standing, component testing, furnace pouring, component adjustment, secondary refining, secondary degassing, secondary slagging-off and secondary standing; the Ti content is 60% of the target content;
(3) On-line adding a refiner: the added refiner is AlTiB filament, and the addition amount is the difference between the target addition amount and the last component test result, and is 0.008wt.%;
(4) On-line degassing: using a double-rotor deaerator, wherein the gas is Ar gas;
(5) On-line filtering: two-stage filtration is adopted, wherein the specification of a first-stage filter screen is 40 meshes, and the specification of a second-stage filter screen is 50 meshes;
(6) Casting: the casting temperature is 710 ℃, the casting speed is 53mm/min, and the cooling water quantity of a single crystallizer is 54m3/h, thus obtaining the aluminum alloy slab ingot.
Example 3
A 5000 series aluminum alloy slab ingot, the feedstock of which comprises 97.2wt.% pure aluminum scrap, 2.8wt.% pure magnesium. Wherein the pure aluminum scraps only contain scraps; the scrap is mainly a 5xxx series alloy product, and consists of 70% of grade 2 scrap, 20% of grade 1 scrap and 10% of grade 3 scrap. The slab had a total Si and Fe content of 0.48wt.% and a Ti content of 0.015wt.%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment: the process is carried out in a smelting furnace, the temperature is 400 ℃ and the time is 1.5h;
(2) Smelting: the method is carried out in a smelting furnace, and comprises the following steps: melting, primary refining, primary degassing, primary slagging-off, primary standing, component testing, furnace pouring, component adjustment, secondary refining, secondary degassing, secondary slagging-off and secondary standing; the Ti content is 80% of the target content;
(3) On-line adding a refiner: the added refiner is AlTiB filament, and the addition amount is the difference between the target addition amount and the last component test result, and is 0.004wt.%;
(4) On-line degassing: using a double-rotor deaerator, wherein the gas is Ar gas;
(5) On-line filtering: adopting two-stage filtration, wherein the specification of the first-stage filter plate is 50 meshes, and the specification of the second-stage filter plate is 60 meshes;
(6) Casting: the casting temperature is 700 ℃, the casting speed is 50mm/min, and the cooling water quantity of a single crystallizer is 50m3/h, thus obtaining the aluminum alloy slab ingot.
Example 4
A5000 series aluminum alloy slab ingot, the raw materials of which comprise 94.9wt.% pure aluminum scraps, 3.0wt.% pure magnesium, 1.3wt.% aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and 0.8wt.% aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy. Wherein the pure aluminum scraps contain 60% of scraps and 40% of pure aluminum scraps; the scrap is mainly a 5xxx series alloy product, and consists of 50% of grade 2 scrap, 30% of grade 1 scrap and 20% of grade 3 scrap. The slab had a total Si and Fe content of 0.25wt.% and a Ti content of 0.019wt.%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment: the process is carried out in a smelting furnace, the temperature is 200 ℃ and the time is 0.5h;
(2) Smelting: the method is carried out in a smelting furnace, and comprises the following steps: melting, primary refining, primary degassing, primary slagging-off, primary standing, component testing, furnace pouring, component adjustment, secondary refining, secondary degassing, secondary slagging-off and secondary standing; the Ti content is 70% of the target content;
(3) On-line adding a refiner: the added refiner is AlTiB filament, the addition amount is the difference between the target addition amount and the last component test result, and 0.009wt.%;
(4) On-line degassing: using a double-rotor deaerator, wherein the gas is Ar gas;
(5) On-line filtering: two-stage filtration is adopted, wherein the specification of a first-stage filter screen is 40 meshes, and the specification of a second-stage filter screen is 50 meshes;
(6) Casting: the casting temperature is 710 ℃, the casting speed is 53mm/min, and the cooling water quantity of a single crystallizer is 54m3/h, thus obtaining the aluminum alloy slab ingot.
Wherein, the smelting process of comparative examples 1-3 is: smelting at 780 ℃ until the raw materials are completely melted; introducing Ar gas at 720 ℃ for degassing for 15min; taking a component sample for component testing; pouring the mixture into a heat preservation furnace to adjust the components until the components are qualified (wherein the Ti component is not specially controlled in the step); refining by using a granular refining agent; introducing Ar gas at 720 ℃ for degassing for 15min; slag skimming; standing for 15min.
The smelting process of examples 1-4 is: smelting at 780 ℃ until the raw materials are completely melted; performing primary refining by using a granular refining agent; introducing Ar gas at 720 ℃ for degassing for 15min; slag skimming; standing for 15min; taking a component sample for component testing; pouring the mixture into a heat preservation furnace to adjust the components until the components are qualified (wherein the Ti content in the step is less than 80% of the target components); refining by using a granular refining agent; introducing Ar gas at 720 ℃ for degassing for 15min; slag skimming; standing for 15min.
The slab ingots of comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1 to 4 were subjected to the same subsequent process: homogenizing, hot rolling, cold rolling, intermediate annealing, cold rolling and finished product annealing treatment to obtain the aluminum plate. The properties and microstructure (fig. 1 to 5) of the slab ingot and the aluminum plate obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were examined, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance data of slab and aluminum sheets obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3
As is clear from Table 1, examples 1 to 4 have significantly lower color difference values and better anodic oxidation effects than comparative example 1, because the pretreatment and 2 times of refining processes are performed in examples 1 to 4, a large amount of impurities and greasy dirt are removed, and the Ti content is controlled to prevent the exceeding of Ti element and the generation of impurity phases, thereby affecting the anodic oxidation performance; in comparative example 2, the proportion of the 3-level waste is higher, the Ti component is not controlled in the smelting process, the content of the added refiner is smaller, so that the grain size is larger, the defect and Fe-containing phase size are also larger, and the mechanical property of the 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot and the anodic oxidation property of a finished aluminum plate are seriously influenced; compared with the slab ingot (comparative example 3) produced by 100% pure aluminum, the examples 1-4 have higher defect area occupation, have certain advantages by adjusting the size of the Fe-containing phase through the process, have equivalent yield strength and tensile strength, and can meet the requirement that the delta E is less than or equal to 0.5.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the essence of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot with high proportion of scrap added is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, proportioning: the raw materials selected comprise pure aluminum scraps, other pure metal ingots except pure aluminum and intermediate alloy, wherein the pure aluminum scraps contain scraps and pure aluminum materials, and the mass of the scraps accounts for 60-100% of the total amount of the pure aluminum scraps; the selected waste materials comprise grade 1 waste materials, grade 2 waste materials and grade 3 waste materials; in the pure aluminum waste, the content of the 1-grade waste and the pure aluminum material is not less than 20 percent of the total amount of the pure aluminum waste, the content of the 3-grade waste is not more than 15 percent of the total amount of the pure aluminum waste, and the balance is the 2-grade waste;
s2, pretreatment: the raw materials are placed in a smelting furnace for low-temperature pretreatment, wherein the low-temperature pretreatment temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the heating time is 0.5-1.5 h;
s3, smelting: the raw materials pretreated at low temperature are placed in a smelting furnace for smelting, and the smelting comprises the following specific steps: melting, primary refining, primary degassing, primary slagging-off, primary standing, component testing, furnace pouring, component adjustment, secondary refining, secondary degassing, secondary slagging-off and secondary standing to obtain alloy melt; wherein the Ti content of the composition test should be less than or equal to 80% of the target Ti content;
s4, online adding a refiner: online adding Al-Ti-B wire refiner into the alloy melt, wherein the adding amount of the refiner is determined by the difference value between the target adding amount and the last component test result in the step S3;
s5, online degassing: carrying out online degassing treatment on the alloy melt processed in the step S4 by using a double-rotor degassing machine, wherein the adopted gas is Ar gas;
s6, online filtering: performing two-stage filtration on the alloy melt subjected to online degassing, wherein the specification of a primary filter plate is 40-50 meshes, and the specification of a secondary filter plate is 50-60 meshes;
s7, casting: casting the alloy melt after online filtration to obtain an aluminum alloy slab ingot, wherein the total content of Si and Fe in the aluminum alloy slab ingot is 0.25-0.5 wt.% and the content of Ti is 0.0005-0.003 wt.%.
2. The method for producing a 5000-series aluminum alloy slab ingot with a high proportion of scrap as set forth in claim 1, wherein in step S7, the casting temperature is 700 to 710 ℃, the casting speed is 45 to 53mm/min, and the cooling water amount of a single mold is 45 to 54m 3 /h。
3. A 5000 series aluminum alloy slab ingot with a high proportion of scrap added, characterized in that it is obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-2.
4. The high scrap-added 5000 series aluminum alloy slab ingot according to claim 3, wherein the average size of Fe phase in the slab ingot is 13.5um or less, the pinhole degree is 1 level, the maximum defect size is 120um or less, and the average grain size is 80um or less.
5. An aluminum sheet obtained by sequentially homogenizing an aluminum alloy slab ingot according to claim 4, hot-rolling, cold-rolling, intermediate annealing, cold-rolling, and finish annealing.
6. An aluminium plate according to claim 5, wherein the yield strength of the aluminium plate is not less than 175MPa, the tensile strength is not less than 250MPa and the finished anodic oxide film colour difference Δe is not more than 0.5.
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