CN116086874A - Ground multilayer sampling system based on earthwork volume calculation - Google Patents

Ground multilayer sampling system based on earthwork volume calculation Download PDF

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CN116086874A
CN116086874A CN202310384952.7A CN202310384952A CN116086874A CN 116086874 A CN116086874 A CN 116086874A CN 202310384952 A CN202310384952 A CN 202310384952A CN 116086874 A CN116086874 A CN 116086874A
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soil
soil sample
compression chamber
cylinder
rigid coupling
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CN116086874B (en
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杨仁辉
李若飞
李炜
叶桂河
刘洋
陈金桥
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Middle Friendship South China Prospecting Mapping Science And Technology Ltd
CCCC Guangzhou Dredging Co Ltd.
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Middle Friendship South China Prospecting Mapping Science And Technology Ltd
CCCC Guangzhou Dredging Co Ltd.
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/04Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
    • G01N1/08Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02A90/30Assessment of water resources

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Abstract

本发明属于土壤取样技术领域,具体的说是一种基于土方量计算的地面多层取样系统,包括罩筒、一号电机、钻头、空心杆、土样筒、收集座、抽气泵、二号电机、齿轮、压缩块、直齿推杆和透气滤板;一号电机带动主轴转动,驱动钻头向下钻进,带动罩筒深入土层内,钻头钻进时,将钻孔底部的土壤搅碎,抽气泵将压缩腔内部的空气抽出产生负压,钻孔底部粉碎的土壤被抽入压缩腔的内部,二号电机带动齿轮转动,驱动与之啮合的直齿推杆滑入压缩腔内部,推动压缩块滑入土样筒的内部,将压缩腔内部的粉碎土壤推入土样筒的内部,钻取的土壤在土样筒内被层层压紧,形成不同土层的土样柱,降低了不同土层的土壤混合的概率,提高了土壤采样的准确度。

Figure 202310384952

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil sampling, specifically a ground multi-layer sampling system based on earth volume calculation, including a cover cylinder, a No. Motor, gear, compression block, straight-toothed push rod and air-permeable filter plate; No. 1 motor drives the main shaft to rotate, drives the drill bit to drill downward, and drives the cover cylinder to penetrate deep into the soil layer. When the drill bit drills, the soil at the bottom of the borehole is stirred Crushing, the air pump pumps out the air inside the compression chamber to generate negative pressure, and the crushed soil at the bottom of the borehole is sucked into the compression chamber, and the No. , push the compression block to slide into the soil sample cylinder, push the crushed soil inside the compression chamber into the soil sample cylinder, and the drilled soil is compacted layer by layer in the soil sample cylinder to form soil sample columns of different soil layers , which reduces the probability of soil mixing in different soil layers and improves the accuracy of soil sampling.

Figure 202310384952

Description

一种基于土方量计算的地面多层取样系统A Ground Multilayer Sampling System Based on Earthwork Calculation

技术领域technical field

本发明属于土壤取样技术领域,具体的说是一种基于土方量计算的地面多层取样系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of soil sampling, in particular to a ground multi-layer sampling system based on earth volume calculation.

背景技术Background technique

土壤的质地对于农业、工业等领域均有着重要的影响,因此对土壤的检测极其重要,同时,也为了了解不同土层的土壤变化情况;在检测研究土壤时,首先需要采集土壤样品,土壤样品采集的准确度直接关系着土壤检测的准确度。The texture of soil has an important impact on agriculture, industry and other fields, so the detection of soil is extremely important, and at the same time, in order to understand the soil changes in different soil layers; when testing and studying soil, it is first necessary to collect soil samples, soil samples The accuracy of collection is directly related to the accuracy of soil detection.

土壤采集主要分为表层土壤采集和深层土壤采集;表层土壤采集只需利用环刀或洛阳铲便可进行土壤采集;深层土壤采集时,就需要利用土壤采集钻机进行钻孔取样,采样头垂直插入土壤中,向下挤压、转动等动作将土壤压入采样头中,再通过向上的抬举、转动等反作用将土壤样品抽出土层后分离土壤样品,完成取样。Soil collection is mainly divided into surface soil collection and deep soil collection; surface soil collection only needs to use ring cutter or Luoyang shovel for soil collection; deep soil collection requires the use of soil collection drilling rig for drilling and sampling, and the sampling head is inserted vertically In the soil, the soil is pressed into the sampling head by pressing down and turning, and then the soil sample is pulled out of the soil layer by upward lifting, turning and other reactions, and then the soil sample is separated to complete the sampling.

现有的土壤采集钻机采集不同土层的土壤时,需要进行多次抬举,不但增加了取样所需的时间,降低了土壤采集的效率,而且采集的不同土层的土壤容易混合在一起,造成土壤样品的准确度降低,影响土壤样品检测的准确度。When the existing soil collection drilling rig collects soil in different soil layers, multiple liftings are required, which not only increases the time required for sampling and reduces the efficiency of soil collection, but also the collected soil in different soil layers is easy to mix together, resulting in The accuracy of soil samples is reduced, which affects the accuracy of soil sample detection.

为此,本发明提供一种基于土方量计算的地面多层取样系统。For this reason, the present invention provides a ground multilayer sampling system based on earthwork calculation.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为了弥补现有技术的不足,解决背景技术中所提出的至少一个技术问题。In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:本发明所述的一种基于土方量计算的地面多层取样系统,包括罩筒、支架、箱体、一号电机、主轴、钻头、空心杆、土样筒和抽取压缩组件;所述罩筒的内部固接有支架,且支架的外边缘为镂空结构;所述支架的顶面栓接有箱体,所述箱体的内部固接有一号电机,所述一号电机的转轴转动贯穿箱体与支架,所述一号电机的转轴低端固接有主轴,所述主轴的低端固接有钻头,所述罩筒的顶端螺纹安装有空心杆,所述空心杆的内圈连通罩筒的内部,多个所述空心杆首尾螺纹连接,顶部所述空心杆的顶端管道连通抽取压缩组件,所述抽取压缩组件的内部安装有土样筒;需要采集深层的土壤样本时,将取样系统布置到取样的位置后,将空心杆通过螺纹依次连接,并将空心杆连接到罩筒的顶部,使用管道连通空心杆的顶部与抽取压缩组件,一号电机带动主轴转动,驱动钻头向下钻进,带动罩筒深入土层内,钻头钻进时,将钻孔底部的土壤搅碎,待钻头钻进设定的固定深度时,一号电机停止转动,带动钻头停止钻进;同时,抽取压缩组件产生的负压吸力,将钻孔底部的粉碎土壤吸入罩筒的内部,再经过空心杆进入抽取压缩组件内部,粉碎土壤被压缩到土样筒的内部;钻头在土壤中层层的钻取土壤,钻取的土壤在土样筒内被层层压紧,形成不同土层的土样柱,降低了不同土层的土壤混合的概率,提高了土壤采样的准确度。The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a ground multi-layer sampling system based on earthwork calculation according to the present invention, including a cover tube, a bracket, a box body, a No. 1 motor, a main shaft, a drill bit, and a hollow rod , soil sample cylinder and extraction and compression assembly; the inside of the cover cylinder is fixedly connected with a bracket, and the outer edge of the bracket is a hollow structure; the top surface of the bracket is bolted with a box, and the inside of the box is fixed with a No. 1 motor, the rotation shaft of the No. 1 motor runs through the box body and the bracket. The lower end of the shaft of the No. 1 motor is fixedly connected with a main shaft, and the lower end of the main shaft is fixedly connected with a drill bit. The top of the cover tube is threaded. There is a hollow rod, the inner ring of the hollow rod communicates with the inside of the cover tube, and the head and tail of the multiple hollow rods are connected with threads, and the top pipe of the hollow rod at the top is connected to the extraction compression assembly, and the extraction compression assembly is installed with soil Sample cylinder; when it is necessary to collect deep soil samples, after the sampling system is arranged at the sampling position, the hollow rods are connected in sequence through threads, and the hollow rods are connected to the top of the cover cylinder, and the pipes are used to connect the top of the hollow rods with the extraction compression Assemblies, the No. 1 motor drives the main shaft to rotate, drives the drill bit to drill downward, and drives the cover tube to penetrate into the soil layer. When the drill bit drills, it breaks up the soil at the bottom of the borehole. The number motor stops rotating, driving the drill bit to stop drilling; at the same time, the negative pressure suction generated by the extraction compression assembly sucks the pulverized soil at the bottom of the drilling hole into the inside of the cover tube, and then enters the extraction compression assembly through the hollow rod, and the pulverized soil is compressed to The inside of the soil sample cylinder; the drill bit drills the soil layer by layer in the soil, and the drilled soil is compacted layer by layer in the soil sample cylinder to form soil sample columns of different soil layers, reducing the probability of soil mixing of different soil layers , improving the accuracy of soil sampling.

优选的,所述抽取压缩组件包括底板、收集座、抽气泵、二号电机、齿轮、压缩块、直齿推杆和透气滤板;所述底板的顶面中部固接有收集座,所述收集座的中部开设有压缩腔,所述收集座的一侧安装有土样筒,所述土样筒的内圈直径与压缩腔的内圈直径相同,且土样筒的内圈与压缩腔的内圈重合,所述压缩腔的底部凹槽固接有透气滤板,所述底板的顶面中部一侧固接有抽气泵,所述抽气泵的进气端连通压缩腔的底部凹槽,所述压缩腔的顶端管道连通空心杆的内圈,所述底板的顶面中部另一侧固接有二号电机,所述二号电机的转轴外圈固接有齿轮,所述压缩腔的内部滑动安装有压缩块,所述压缩块远离土样筒的一侧固接有直齿推杆,所述直齿推杆的底面与齿轮相啮合,所述直齿推杆的顶部为半圆形弧板,所述直齿推杆的底部为直板,且直板的底部开设有直齿槽;通过将直齿推杆设置成顶部为半圆形弧板和底部为直板的形状,不但可以推动压缩块滑动对粉碎土壤进行压缩,同时,半圆形弧板沿着压缩腔顶部滑动,对压缩腔的顶部进行阻挡,降低了粉碎后的土壤在压缩块进行压缩时掉落,造成土壤样品采集的不准确;压缩块进行压缩时,压缩块推透气滤板的顶面进行滑动清理,降低了土壤堵塞透气滤板的概率;工作时,钻头将钻孔底部的土壤搅碎,此时,抽气泵将压缩腔内部的空气抽出产生负压,钻孔底部粉碎的土壤在负压的情况下,粉碎的土壤经过罩筒和空心杆,被抽入压缩腔的内部,待钻头停止钻进后,抽气泵继续抽气,直到无粉碎土壤进入压缩腔,二号电机带动齿轮转动,驱动与之啮合的直齿推杆滑入压缩腔内部,推动压缩块滑入土样筒的内部,将压缩腔内部的粉碎土壤推入土样筒的内部,并将粉碎土壤压缩成柱状;通过抽取压缩组件将粉碎土壤压缩成土样柱,使得采样的土壤保持不同土层的分布,便于工作人员后期对不同土层的准确研究。Preferably, the extraction and compression assembly includes a bottom plate, a collection seat, an air pump, a motor No. 2, a gear, a compression block, a straight-toothed push rod, and a breathable filter plate; A compression chamber is provided in the middle of the collection base, and a soil sample cylinder is installed on one side of the collection base. The inner ring of the compression chamber coincides, the bottom groove of the compression chamber is fixed with a breathable filter plate, and the middle side of the top surface of the bottom plate is fixed with an air pump, and the air intake end of the air pump is connected to the bottom groove of the compression chamber , the top pipe of the compression chamber communicates with the inner ring of the hollow rod, the other side of the middle part of the top surface of the bottom plate is fixedly connected with No. 2 motor, and the outer ring of the rotating shaft of the No. 2 motor is fixedly connected with a gear. A compression block is slidably installed in the interior of the compression block. A straight-toothed push rod is fixedly connected to the side away from the soil sample cylinder. The bottom surface of the straight-toothed push rod is meshed with the gear. The top of the straight-toothed push rod is half Circular arc plate, the bottom of the straight-toothed push rod is a straight plate, and the bottom of the straight plate is provided with a straight tooth groove; by setting the straight-toothed push rod into a shape with a semicircular arc plate at the top and a straight plate at the bottom, not only can Push the compression block to slide to compress the crushed soil. At the same time, the semicircular arc plate slides along the top of the compression chamber to block the top of the compression chamber, reducing the crushed soil from falling when the compression block is compressed, causing soil samples The collection is inaccurate; when the compression block is compressed, the compression block pushes the top surface of the air-permeable filter plate for sliding cleaning, which reduces the probability of soil clogging the air-permeable filter plate; when working, the drill bit crushes the soil at the bottom of the borehole. At this time, The air pump pumps out the air inside the compression chamber to generate negative pressure. Under the negative pressure, the crushed soil at the bottom of the borehole is sucked into the compression chamber through the cover tube and the hollow rod. After the drill bit stops drilling , the air pump continues to pump air until no crushed soil enters the compression chamber, the No. 2 motor drives the gear to rotate, drives the straight-toothed push rod meshed with it to slide into the compression chamber, pushes the compression block to slide into the soil sample cylinder, and compresses The crushed soil inside the cavity is pushed into the soil sample cylinder, and the crushed soil is compressed into a column; the crushed soil is compressed into a soil sample column by extracting the compression component, so that the sampled soil maintains the distribution of different soil layers, which is convenient for the staff to analyze later. Accurate study of different soil layers.

优选的,所述收集座靠近土样筒的一侧底部固接有托台,所述托台的顶面与土样筒的外壁滑动配合,所述底板的靠近土样筒的一侧中部开设有滑槽,所述滑槽的内部滑动安装有固定夹板,所述固定夹板的中部与土样筒的端面滑动配合,所述滑槽的中部转动安装有螺杆,所述螺杆的一端贯穿滑槽的外壁,所述螺杆滑动贯穿固定夹板,且螺杆与固定夹板螺纹配合;工作时,进行土壤采集前,将土样筒放置到托台的顶面,使得土样筒的内圈与压缩腔的内圈重合,转动螺杆,驱动固定夹板沿着滑槽滑动,使得固定夹板接触挤压土样筒的端面,将土样筒固定夹持,待土样筒内部的土样柱采集完成后,将土样筒取出,并将土样筒的两端均进行密封,同时,更换新的土样筒,从而便于工作人员更换土样筒,继而便于采集不同土层的土样。Preferably, the bottom of one side of the collection seat close to the soil sample cylinder is fixedly connected with a platform, the top surface of the platform is slidingly fitted with the outer wall of the soil sample cylinder, and the middle part of the side of the bottom plate close to the soil sample cylinder is opened There is a chute, and a fixed splint is slidably installed inside the chute, and the middle part of the fixed splint is slidably matched with the end surface of the soil sample cylinder. The middle part of the chute is rotated and installed with a screw, and one end of the screw runs through the chute The outer wall of the screw rod slides through the fixed splint, and the screw rod and the fixed splint are threaded; when working, before soil collection, the soil sample cylinder is placed on the top surface of the support platform, so that the inner ring of the soil sample cylinder and the compression chamber The inner ring coincides, the screw is rotated, and the fixed splint is driven to slide along the chute, so that the fixed splint contacts and squeezes the end face of the soil sample cylinder, and the soil sample cylinder is fixed and clamped. After the collection of the soil sample column inside the soil sample cylinder is completed, the The soil sample cylinder is taken out, and both ends of the soil sample cylinder are sealed, and at the same time, a new soil sample cylinder is replaced, so that it is convenient for the staff to replace the soil sample cylinder, and then it is convenient to collect soil samples of different soil layers.

优选的,顶部所述空心杆的外侧设置有三脚架,所述三脚架的顶部固接有液压缸,所述液压缸的活塞杆滑动贯穿三脚架的顶部,所述液压缸的活塞杆低端固接有压座,所述压座的底面与空心杆的顶端滑动配合,所述压座的内部开设用圆孔,所述圆孔的低端连通空心杆的内圈,所述圆孔的顶端管道连通压缩腔;工作时,将三脚架布置到取样的位置后,将一节空心杆螺纹安装到罩筒的顶部,再将空心杆的顶端与压座的底面贴合,使得空心杆的内圈连通圆孔的底部,使用管道连通圆孔的顶端与压缩腔,钻头向下钻进,同时,液压缸向下推动空心杆,为罩筒施加向下的推动,从而提高了钻头钻进的效率;同时,利用空心杆和三脚架,控制钻头向下钻进的竖直程度,降低了钻头钻进时发生偏移的概率。Preferably, a tripod is arranged on the outside of the hollow rod at the top, a hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the tripod, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder slides through the top of the tripod, and the lower end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with a Press seat, the bottom surface of the press seat is slidingly fitted with the top end of the hollow rod, the inside of the press seat is provided with a round hole, the lower end of the round hole communicates with the inner ring of the hollow rod, and the top end of the round hole communicates with the pipe Compression chamber; when working, after arranging the tripod to the sampling position, install a hollow rod threadedly on the top of the cover tube, and then fit the top of the hollow rod to the bottom surface of the pressure seat so that the inner ring of the hollow rod is connected to the circle. At the bottom of the hole, pipes are used to connect the top of the round hole with the compression chamber, and the drill bit drills downward. At the same time, the hydraulic cylinder pushes the hollow rod downward to push the cover tube downward, thereby improving the drilling efficiency of the drill bit; at the same time , using the hollow rod and the tripod to control the vertical degree of the drill bit drilling down, reducing the probability of the drill bit drifting when drilling.

优选的,所述压座的底面内壁固接有多个环形密封片,所述环形密封片的内圈与空心杆的顶端外圈滑动配合,顶部所述空心杆的内圈滑动安装有橡胶环,所述橡胶环的底部镶嵌有多个磁体;通过设置的环形密封片,将压座的底部与空心杆的顶部之间进行密封,提高了密封性,从而提高了粉碎土壤抽取的有效性;粉碎土壤经过空心杆进入圆孔的内部时,粉碎土壤会残留到空心杆顶部的螺纹处,影响空心杆之间的连接固定;通过磁体的磁力,将橡胶环固定到空心杆的内圈,将空心杆内圈的螺纹阻挡隔离,从而降低了粉碎土壤残留在空心杆顶部的螺纹处的概率。Preferably, the inner wall of the bottom surface of the pressure seat is fixed with a plurality of annular sealing sheets, the inner ring of the annular sealing sheet is slidably matched with the top outer ring of the hollow rod, and a rubber ring is slidably installed on the inner ring of the hollow rod at the top , the bottom of the rubber ring is inlaid with a plurality of magnets; the bottom of the pressure seat and the top of the hollow rod are sealed through the provided annular sealing sheet, which improves the sealing performance, thereby improving the effectiveness of pulverized soil extraction; When the crushed soil enters the inside of the round hole through the hollow rod, the crushed soil will remain on the thread at the top of the hollow rod, affecting the connection and fixation between the hollow rods; through the magnetic force of the magnet, the rubber ring is fixed to the inner ring of the hollow rod, and the The threads on the inner ring of the hollow rod block the isolation, thereby reducing the chance of crushed soil remaining on the threads at the top of the hollow rod.

优选的,所述主轴的中部外圈固接有固定筒,所述固定筒的外圈均匀固接有多组破碎刀,每组所述破碎刀呈交错分布,所述破碎刀的两侧均设置有锯齿;工作时,一号电机带动主轴转动,驱动钻头向下钻进时,主轴带动固定筒转动,带动多组破碎刀旋转,将粉碎的土壤进行进一步的破碎,从而降低了较大的土壤块造成通道的堵塞,从而提高了土壤吸取采集的效率和流畅性。Preferably, the outer ring of the middle part of the main shaft is fixed with a fixed tube, and the outer ring of the fixed tube is evenly fixed with multiple groups of crushing knives, and the crushing knives of each group are distributed in a staggered manner, and both sides of the crushing knives are There are sawtooths; when working, the No. 1 motor drives the main shaft to rotate, and when the drill bit is driven to drill down, the main shaft drives the fixed cylinder to rotate, drives multiple groups of crushing knives to rotate, and further crushes the crushed soil, thereby reducing the large Soil clumps cause blockage of the channels, thereby improving the efficiency and fluency of soil suction collection.

优选的,所述罩筒的底面开设有多个槽口,所述罩筒的外壁环绕开设有多个气槽,所述气槽与槽口相对应,且气槽的低端连通槽口;通过槽口与气槽,使得罩筒上方的空气沿着气槽与槽口进入罩筒的底部,从而提高了罩筒底部空气的流动性,继而提高了粉碎土壤抽取的有效性;开设的气槽,降低了罩筒的外壁与钻孔的内部之间的接触面积,从而降低了罩筒与钻孔内壁之间的吸力,继而提高了钻进的效率。Preferably, the bottom surface of the cover cylinder is provided with a plurality of notches, and the outer wall of the cover cylinder is surrounded by a plurality of air grooves, the air grooves correspond to the notches, and the lower ends of the air grooves are connected to the notches; Through the notches and air grooves, the air above the cover tube enters the bottom of the cover tube along the air grooves and notches, thereby improving the fluidity of the air at the bottom of the cover tube, and then improving the effectiveness of pulverized soil extraction; the opened air The groove reduces the contact area between the outer wall of the cover cylinder and the inside of the borehole, thereby reducing the suction force between the cover cylinder and the inner wall of the borehole, thereby improving the drilling efficiency.

优选的,所述钻头的顶部外圈均匀开设多个通槽,所述通槽的顶部向主轴的中心倾斜开设;通过开设的通槽,使得钻头钻进时产生的破碎土壤沿着通槽向罩筒的中部聚拢,从而提高了土壤进入罩筒内部的效率,提高了破碎土壤吸取的效率。Preferably, the top outer ring of the drill bit is evenly provided with a plurality of through grooves, and the top of the through grooves is inclined to the center of the main shaft; through the through grooves provided, the broken soil generated when the drill bit is drilled is moved along the direction of the through grooves. The middle part of the cover tube is gathered together, thereby improving the efficiency of soil entering into the inside of the cover tube and improving the efficiency of absorbing broken soil.

优选的,所述罩筒的顶部外圈固接有弹性环片,所述弹性环片的直径大于罩筒的外圈直径;罩筒进入土层后,弹性环片的外圈受到钻孔内壁的阻挡,向上翻折弯曲,罩筒向下移动时,带动弹性环片沿着钻孔内壁滑动,将钻孔内壁磨平,降低了钻孔内壁发生坍塌的概率,同时,弹性环片阻挡掉落的落土,降低了落土对土壤采集的影响。Preferably, an elastic ring is fixedly attached to the top outer ring of the cover tube, and the diameter of the elastic ring is larger than the diameter of the outer ring of the cover tube; after the cover tube enters the soil layer, the outer ring of the elastic ring is pressed When the cover tube moves downward, it drives the elastic ring to slide along the inner wall of the borehole, smoothing the inner wall of the borehole, reducing the probability of the inner wall of the borehole collapsing. The falling soil reduces the impact of falling soil on soil collection.

优选的,所述土样筒的两端均螺纹安装有密封盖,所述土样筒的外壁开设有操作平面,且操作平面可以写字,所述操作平面的两侧均开设有刻度,所述操作平面的中部均匀开设有多个取样孔,所述取样孔的内部螺纹安装有密封塞;工作时,土样筒内部对的土壤柱采样完成后,将土样筒取出后,使用密封盖将土样筒的两端进行密封,将采样的土层深度标记在操作平面上,后续工作人员需要研究时,将相对应深度的密封塞从取样孔的内部取出,便可提取相对应深度的土样,从而便于工作人员的研究工作,同时,又不对同一个土样筒中其他土层的土样产生影响。Preferably, both ends of the soil sample cylinder are screw-mounted with sealing covers, and the outer wall of the soil sample cylinder is provided with an operation plane, and the operation plane can be written on, and scales are provided on both sides of the operation plane. The middle part of the operation plane is evenly provided with a plurality of sampling holes, and the internal threads of the sampling holes are equipped with sealing plugs; during work, after the soil column sampling in the soil sample cylinder is completed, after the soil sample cylinder is taken out, the sealing cap is used to seal the The two ends of the soil sample cylinder are sealed, and the depth of the sampled soil layer is marked on the operation plane. When the follow-up staff needs to study, the sealing plug of the corresponding depth is taken out from the inside of the sampling hole, and the soil of the corresponding depth can be extracted. In this way, it is convenient for the research work of the staff, and at the same time, it does not affect the soil samples of other soil layers in the same soil sample cylinder.

本发明的有益效果如下:The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

1.本发明所述的一种基于土方量计算的地面多层取样系统,通过设置罩筒、一号电机、钻头、空心杆、土样筒、收集座、抽气泵、二号电机、齿轮、压缩块、直齿推杆和透气滤板;一号电机带动主轴转动,驱动钻头向下钻进,带动罩筒深入土层内,钻头钻进时,将钻孔底部的土壤搅碎,待钻头钻进设定的固定深度时,一号电机停止转动,带动钻头停止钻进;此时,抽气泵将压缩腔内部的空气抽出产生负压,钻孔底部粉碎的土壤在负压的情况下,粉碎的土壤经过罩筒和空心杆,被抽入压缩腔的内部,待钻头停止钻进后,抽气泵继续抽气,直到无粉碎土壤进入压缩腔,二号电机带动齿轮转动,驱动与之啮合的直齿推杆滑入压缩腔内部,推动压缩块滑入土样筒的内部,将压缩腔内部的粉碎土壤推入土样筒的内部,并将粉碎土壤压缩成柱状;钻头在土壤中层层的钻取土壤,钻取的土壤在土样筒内被层层压紧,形成不同土层的土样柱,降低了不同土层的土壤混合的概率,提高了土壤采样的准确度。1. A kind of ground multi-layer sampling system based on earthwork calculation according to the present invention, by setting cover tube, No. 1 motor, drill bit, hollow rod, soil sample cylinder, collecting seat, air pump, No. 2 motor, gear, Compression block, straight-toothed push rod and air-permeable filter plate; No. 1 motor drives the main shaft to rotate, drives the drill bit to drill downward, and drives the cover tube to penetrate deep into the soil layer. When drilling into the set fixed depth, the No. 1 motor stops rotating and drives the drill bit to stop drilling; at this time, the air pump pumps out the air inside the compression chamber to generate negative pressure, and the crushed soil at the bottom of the borehole is under negative pressure. The crushed soil is sucked into the compression chamber through the cover tube and the hollow rod. After the drill bit stops drilling, the air pump continues to pump air until no crushed soil enters the compression chamber. The No. 2 motor drives the gear to rotate and the drive meshes The straight-toothed push rod slides into the compression chamber, pushes the compression block to slide into the soil sample cylinder, pushes the crushed soil in the compression chamber into the soil sample cylinder, and compresses the crushed soil into a column; the drill bit is inserted into the soil layer by layer The drilled soil is compacted layer by layer in the soil sample cylinder to form a soil sample column of different soil layers, which reduces the probability of soil mixing of different soil layers and improves the accuracy of soil sampling.

2.本发明所述的一种基于土方量计算的地面多层取样系统,通过设置三脚架、液压缸和压座;将三脚架布置到取样的位置后,将一节空心杆螺纹安装到罩筒的顶部,再将空心杆的顶端与压座的底面贴合,使得空心杆的内圈连通圆孔的底部,使用管道连通圆孔的顶端与压缩腔,钻头向下钻进,同时,液压缸向下推动空心杆,为罩筒施加向下的推动,从而提高了钻头钻进的效率;同时,利用空心杆和三脚架,控制钻头向下钻进的竖直程度,降低了钻头钻进时发生偏移的概率。2. A ground multi-layer sampling system based on earthwork calculation according to the present invention, by setting a tripod, a hydraulic cylinder and a press seat; after the tripod is arranged at the sampling position, a hollow rod is threadedly installed on the cover cylinder top, and then fit the top of the hollow rod to the bottom of the pressure seat, so that the inner ring of the hollow rod is connected to the bottom of the round hole, and the top of the round hole is connected to the compression chamber through a pipe, and the drill bit drills downward. At the same time, the hydraulic cylinder moves toward the Push the hollow rod downwards to push the cover tube downwards, thereby improving the drilling efficiency of the drill bit; at the same time, the hollow rod and tripod are used to control the vertical degree of the drill bit when drilling downwards, reducing the deviation of the drill bit when drilling. probability of moving.

附图说明Description of drawings

下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

图1是本发明实施例一的立体图;Fig. 1 is a perspective view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

图2是本发明实施例一的剖视;Fig. 2 is the sectional view of embodiment one of the present invention;

图3是图2中A处局部放大图;Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of A in Fig. 2;

图4是图2中B处局部放大图;Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of place B in Fig. 2;

图5是图2中C处局部放大图;Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view at C in Fig. 2;

图6是本发明实施例一中罩筒的内部结构图;Fig. 6 is an internal structure diagram of the cover tube in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

图7是本发明实施例一的爆炸图;Figure 7 is an exploded view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

图8是本发明实施例一中直齿推杆的立体图;Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a spur push rod in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

图9是本发明实施例一中罩筒的立体图;Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the cover tube in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

图10是本发明实施例一中钻头的立体图;Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the drill bit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

图11是本发明实施例一中破碎刀的立体图;Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the crushing knife in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

图12是本发明实施例二中土样筒的立体图;Fig. 12 is the perspective view of the soil sample cylinder in the second embodiment of the present invention;

图中:1、罩筒;2、支架;3、箱体;4、一号电机;5、主轴;6、钻头;7、空心杆;8、土样筒;9、底板;10、收集座;11、抽气泵;12、二号电机;13、齿轮;14、压缩块;15、直齿推杆;16、透气滤板;17、压缩腔;18、托台;19、滑槽;20、固定夹板;21、螺杆;22、三脚架;23、液压缸;24、压座;25、圆孔;26、环形密封片;27、橡胶环;28、磁体;29、固定筒;30、破碎刀;31、槽口;32、气槽;33、通槽;34、弹性环片;35、密封盖;36、操作平面;37、刻度;38、取样孔;39、密封塞。In the figure: 1. Cover cylinder; 2. Bracket; 3. Box body; 4. No. 1 motor; 5. Main shaft; 6. Drill bit; 7. Hollow rod; 8. Soil sample cylinder; 9. Base plate; 10. Collection seat ; 11, suction pump; 12, No. 2 motor; 13, gear; 14, compression block; 15, straight tooth push rod; 16, breathable filter plate; 17, compression cavity; , fixed splint; 21, screw rod; 22, tripod; 23, hydraulic cylinder; 24, pressure seat; 25, round hole; 26, annular sealing piece; 27, rubber ring; 28, magnet; Knife; 31, notch; 32, air groove; 33, through groove; 34, elastic ring piece; 35, sealing cover; 36, operation plane; 37, scale; 38, sampling hole; 39, sealing plug.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施方式,进一步阐述本发明。In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

实施例一Embodiment one

如图1、图2、图3、图6和图7所示,本发明实施例所述的一种基于土方量计算的地面多层取样系统,包括罩筒1、支架2、箱体3、一号电机4、主轴5、钻头6、空心杆7、土样筒8和抽取压缩组件;所述罩筒1的内部固接有支架2,且支架2的外边缘为镂空结构;所述支架2的顶面栓接有箱体3,所述箱体3的内部固接有一号电机4,所述一号电机4的转轴转动贯穿箱体3与支架2,所述一号电机4的转轴低端固接有主轴5,所述主轴5的低端固接有钻头6,所述罩筒1的顶端螺纹安装有空心杆7,所述空心杆7的内圈连通罩筒1的内部,多个所述空心杆7首尾螺纹连接,顶部所述空心杆7的顶端管道连通抽取压缩组件,所述抽取压缩组件的内部安装有土样筒8;需要采集深层的土壤样本时,将取样系统布置到取样的位置后,将空心杆7通过螺纹依次连接,并将空心杆7连接到罩筒1的顶部,使用管道连通空心杆7的顶部与抽取压缩组件,一号电机4带动主轴5转动,驱动钻头6向下钻进,带动罩筒1深入土层内,钻头6钻进时,将钻孔底部的土壤搅碎,待钻头6钻进设定的固定深度时,一号电机4停止转动,带动钻头6停止钻进;同时,抽取压缩组件产生的负压吸力,将钻孔底部的粉碎土壤吸入罩筒1的内部,粉碎后的土壤经过支架2外圈的镂空部进入罩筒1与箱体3之间的空隙中,由于支架2外圈的镂空部的直径远大于粉碎后土壤的直径,因此,有效的降低了发生堵塞的概率;粉碎土壤经过空心杆7进入抽取压缩组件内部,粉碎土壤被压缩到土样筒8的内部;钻头6在土壤中层层的钻取土壤,钻取的土壤在土样筒8内被层层压紧,形成不同土层的土样柱,降低了不同土层的土壤混合的概率,提高了土壤采样的准确度。As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, a ground multi-layer sampling system based on earthwork calculation according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a cover tube 1, a bracket 2, a box body 3, No. 1 motor 4, main shaft 5, drill bit 6, hollow rod 7, soil sample cylinder 8 and extraction and compression assembly; the inside of the cover cylinder 1 is fixed with a bracket 2, and the outer edge of the bracket 2 is a hollow structure; the bracket The top surface of 2 is bolted with casing 3, and the inside of described casing 3 is fixedly connected with No. 1 motor 4, and the rotating shaft of described No. 1 motor 4 runs through casing 3 and support 2, and the rotating shaft of described No. 1 motor 4 A main shaft 5 is affixed to the lower end, a drill bit 6 is affixed to the lower end of the main shaft 5, a hollow rod 7 is threadedly mounted on the top of the cover tube 1, and the inner ring of the hollow rod 7 communicates with the inside of the cover tube 1, A plurality of hollow rods 7 are threaded head to tail, and the top pipe of the hollow rods 7 on the top is connected to the extraction compression assembly, and a soil sample cylinder 8 is installed inside the extraction compression assembly; when deep soil samples need to be collected, the sampling system After being arranged at the sampling position, the hollow rods 7 are connected sequentially through threads, and the hollow rods 7 are connected to the top of the cover tube 1, and the top of the hollow rods 7 is connected with the extraction compression assembly through a pipe, and the No. 1 motor 4 drives the main shaft 5 to rotate , drive the drill bit 6 to drill downward, and drive the cover tube 1 to go deep into the soil layer. When the drill bit 6 drills in, the soil at the bottom of the borehole is crushed. When the drill bit 6 drills into the set fixed depth, the No. 1 motor 4 stops Rotate to drive the drill bit 6 to stop drilling; at the same time, extract the negative pressure suction generated by the compression assembly, suck the crushed soil at the bottom of the drilled hole into the inside of the cover tube 1, and the crushed soil enters the cover tube 1 through the hollow part of the outer ring of the bracket 2 In the gap with the box body 3, since the diameter of the hollow part of the outer ring of the bracket 2 is much larger than the diameter of the crushed soil, the probability of clogging is effectively reduced; the crushed soil enters the extraction compression assembly through the hollow rod 7 , the pulverized soil is compressed into the inside of the soil sample cylinder 8; the drill bit 6 drills the soil layer by layer in the soil, and the drilled soil is compacted layer by layer in the soil sample cylinder 8 to form soil sample columns of different soil layers, reducing The probability of soil mixing of different soil layers is increased, and the accuracy of soil sampling is improved.

如图1、图2、图4和图7所示,所述抽取压缩组件包括底板9、收集座10、抽气泵11、二号电机12、齿轮13、压缩块14、直齿推杆15和透气滤板16;所述底板9的顶面中部固接有收集座10,所述收集座10的中部开设有压缩腔17,所述收集座10的一侧安装有土样筒8,所述土样筒8的内圈直径与压缩腔17的内圈直径相同,且土样筒8的内圈与压缩腔17的内圈重合,所述压缩腔17的底部凹槽固接有透气滤板16,所述底板9的顶面中部一侧固接有抽气泵11,所述抽气泵11的进气端连通压缩腔17的底部凹槽,所述压缩腔17的顶端管道连通空心杆7的内圈,所述底板9的顶面中部另一侧固接有二号电机12,所述二号电机12的转轴外圈固接有齿轮13,所述压缩腔17的内部滑动安装有压缩块14,所述压缩块14远离土样筒8的一侧固接有直齿推杆15,所述直齿推杆15的底面与齿轮13相啮合,所述直齿推杆15的顶部为半圆形弧板,所述直齿推杆15的底部为直板,且直板的底部开设有直齿槽;通过将直齿推杆15设置成顶部为半圆形弧板和底部为直板的形状,不但可以推动压缩块14滑动对粉碎土壤进行压缩,同时,半圆形弧板沿着压缩腔17顶部滑动,对压缩腔17的顶部进行阻挡,降低了粉碎后的土壤在压缩块14进行压缩时掉落,造成土壤样品采集的不准确;压缩块14进行压缩时,压缩块14推透气滤板16的顶面进行滑动清理,降低了土壤堵塞透气滤板16的概率;工作时,钻头6将钻孔底部的土壤搅碎,此时,抽气泵11将压缩腔17内部的空气抽出产生负压,钻孔底部粉碎的土壤在负压的情况下,粉碎的土壤经过罩筒1和空心杆7,被抽入压缩腔17的内部,待钻头6停止钻进后,抽气泵11继续抽气,直到无粉碎土壤进入压缩腔17,二号电机12带动齿轮13转动,驱动与之啮合的直齿推杆15滑入压缩腔17内部,推动压缩块14滑入土样筒8的内部,将压缩腔17内部的粉碎土壤推入土样筒8的内部,并将粉碎土壤压缩成柱状;通过抽取压缩组件将粉碎土壤压缩成土样柱,使得采样的土壤保持不同土层的分布,便于工作人员后期对不同土层的准确研究。As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 4 and Fig. 7, the extraction and compression assembly includes a bottom plate 9, a collection base 10, an air pump 11, a second motor 12, a gear 13, a compression block 14, a straight-toothed push rod 15 and Air-permeable filter plate 16; the middle part of the top surface of the bottom plate 9 is fixedly connected with a collection seat 10, and the middle part of the collection seat 10 is provided with a compression chamber 17, and one side of the collection seat 10 is equipped with a soil sample cylinder 8. The diameter of the inner ring of the soil sample cylinder 8 is the same as that of the compression chamber 17, and the inner ring of the soil sample cylinder 8 coincides with the inner ring of the compression chamber 17, and the bottom groove of the compression chamber 17 is fixed with a breathable filter plate 16. An air suction pump 11 is fixedly connected to the middle part of the top surface of the bottom plate 9, the air intake end of the air suction pump 11 communicates with the bottom groove of the compression chamber 17, and the top pipe of the compression chamber 17 communicates with the hollow rod 7. The inner ring, the other side of the middle part of the top surface of the bottom plate 9 is fixedly connected with the No. 2 motor 12, the outer ring of the rotating shaft of the No. 2 motor 12 is fixedly connected with the gear 13, and the inside of the compression chamber 17 is slidingly installed with a compression block 14. A straight-toothed push rod 15 is fixedly connected to the side of the compression block 14 away from the soil sample cylinder 8, the bottom surface of the straight-toothed push rod 15 meshes with the gear 13, and the top of the straight-toothed push rod 15 is half Circular arc plate, the bottom of the straight-toothed push rod 15 is a straight plate, and the bottom of the straight plate is provided with a straight tooth groove; by setting the straight-toothed push rod 15 into a shape in which the top is a semicircular arc plate and the bottom is a straight plate, Not only can the compression block 14 be pushed to slide to compress the pulverized soil, but at the same time, the semicircular arc plate slides along the top of the compression chamber 17 to block the top of the compression chamber 17, reducing the crushed soil when the compression block 14 is compressed. fall, causing inaccurate collection of soil samples; when the compression block 14 was compressed, the compression block 14 pushed the top surface of the air filter plate 16 to slide and clean up, reducing the probability of soil blocking the air filter plate 16; during work, the drill bit 6 will The soil at the bottom of the borehole is crushed. At this time, the air pump 11 pumps out the air inside the compression chamber 17 to generate negative pressure. Under the negative pressure, the crushed soil at the bottom of the borehole passes through the cover tube 1 and the hollow rod 7 , is sucked into the inside of the compression chamber 17, after the drill bit 6 stops drilling, the air pump 11 continues to pump air until no crushed soil enters the compression chamber 17, the second motor 12 drives the gear 13 to rotate, and drives the straight teeth meshed with it The push rod 15 slides into the compression chamber 17, pushes the compression block 14 to slide into the soil sample cylinder 8, pushes the pulverized soil inside the compression chamber 17 into the soil sample cylinder 8, and compresses the pulverized soil into a columnar shape; The compression component compresses the crushed soil into a soil sample column, so that the sampled soil maintains the distribution of different soil layers, which is convenient for the staff to accurately study the different soil layers later.

如图1、图2和图7所示,所述收集座10靠近土样筒8的一侧底部固接有托台18,所述托台18的顶面与土样筒8的外壁滑动配合,所述底板9的靠近土样筒8的一侧中部开设有滑槽19,所述滑槽19的内部滑动安装有固定夹板20,所述固定夹板20的中部与土样筒8的端面滑动配合,所述滑槽19的中部转动安装有螺杆21,所述螺杆21的一端贯穿滑槽19的外壁,所述螺杆21滑动贯穿固定夹板20,且螺杆21与固定夹板20螺纹配合;工作时,进行土壤采集前,将土样筒8放置到托台18的顶面,使得土样筒8的内圈与压缩腔17的内圈重合,转动螺杆21,驱动固定夹板20沿着滑槽19滑动,使得固定夹板20接触挤压土样筒8的端面,将土样筒8固定夹持,待土样筒8内部的土样柱采集完成后,将土样筒8取出,并将土样筒8的两端均进行密封,同时,更换新的土样筒8,从而便于工作人员更换土样筒8,继而便于采集不同土层的土样。As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 7, a support platform 18 is fixedly connected to the bottom of one side of the collection seat 10 close to the soil sample cylinder 8, and the top surface of the support platform 18 is slidingly fitted with the outer wall of the soil sample cylinder 8 A chute 19 is provided in the middle of one side of the bottom plate 9 close to the soil sample cylinder 8, and a fixed splint 20 is slidably installed inside the chute 19, and the middle part of the fixed splint 20 slides with the end surface of the soil sample cylinder 8 Cooperate, the middle part of described chute 19 is rotatably provided with screw rod 21, and one end of described screw rod 21 runs through the outer wall of chute 19, and described screw rod 21 slides through fixed splint 20, and screw rod 21 and fixed splint 20 thread fit; Before soil collection, the soil sample tube 8 is placed on the top surface of the support platform 18, so that the inner ring of the soil sample tube 8 coincides with the inner ring of the compression chamber 17, and the screw 21 is rotated to drive the fixed splint 20 along the chute 19 Slide so that the fixed splint 20 contacts and squeezes the end face of the soil sample cylinder 8, and the soil sample cylinder 8 is fixedly clamped. After the collection of the soil sample column inside the soil sample cylinder 8 is completed, the soil sample cylinder 8 is taken out, and the soil sample cylinder 8 is taken out. Both ends of the cylinder 8 are sealed, and at the same time, a new soil sample cylinder 8 is replaced, so that it is convenient for the staff to replace the soil sample cylinder 8, and then it is convenient to collect soil samples of different soil layers.

如图1、图2、图5和图7所示,顶部所述空心杆7的外侧设置有三脚架22,所述三脚架22的顶部固接有液压缸23,所述液压缸23的活塞杆滑动贯穿三脚架22的顶部,所述液压缸23的活塞杆低端固接有压座24,所述压座24的底面与空心杆7的顶端滑动配合,所述压座24的内部开设用圆孔25,所述圆孔25的低端连通空心杆7的内圈,所述圆孔25的顶端管道连通压缩腔17;工作时,将三脚架22布置到取样的位置后,将一节空心杆7螺纹安装到罩筒1的顶部,再将空心杆7的顶端与压座24的底面贴合,使得空心杆7的内圈连通圆孔25的底部,使用管道连通圆孔25的顶端与压缩腔17,钻头6向下钻进,同时,液压缸23向下推动空心杆7,为罩筒1施加向下的推动,从而提高了钻头6钻进的效率;同时,利用空心杆7和三脚架22,控制钻头6向下钻进的竖直程度,降低了钻头6钻进时发生偏移的概率。As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 5 and Fig. 7, a tripod 22 is arranged on the outside of the hollow rod 7 at the top, and a hydraulic cylinder 23 is affixed to the top of the tripod 22, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 23 slides Through the top of the tripod 22, the lower end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 23 is fixedly connected with a pressure seat 24, the bottom surface of the pressure seat 24 is slidingly fitted with the top of the hollow rod 7, and the inside of the pressure seat 24 is provided with a round hole 25, the low end of the circular hole 25 communicates with the inner ring of the hollow rod 7, and the top pipe of the circular hole 25 communicates with the compression chamber 17; when working, after the tripod 22 is arranged at the sampling position, a section of the hollow rod 7 Threaded installation to the top of the cover tube 1, and then fit the top of the hollow rod 7 to the bottom surface of the pressure seat 24, so that the inner ring of the hollow rod 7 communicates with the bottom of the round hole 25, and connects the top of the round hole 25 with the compression chamber using a pipeline 17. The drill bit 6 drills downwards, and at the same time, the hydraulic cylinder 23 pushes the hollow rod 7 downwards to apply a downward push to the cover tube 1, thereby improving the drilling efficiency of the drill bit 6; at the same time, the hollow rod 7 and the tripod 22 are used to , control the vertical degree of drill bit 6 drilling downwards, and reduce the probability of deviation when drill bit 6 drills.

如图5所示,所述压座24的底面内壁固接有多个环形密封片26,所述环形密封片26的内圈与空心杆7的顶端外圈滑动配合,顶部所述空心杆7的内圈滑动安装有橡胶环27,所述橡胶环27的底部镶嵌有多个磁体28;通过设置的环形密封片26,将压座24的底部与空心杆7的顶部之间进行密封,提高了密封性,从而提高了粉碎土壤抽取的有效性;粉碎土壤经过空心杆7进入圆孔25的内部时,粉碎土壤会残留到空心杆7顶部的螺纹处,影响空心杆7之间的连接固定;通过磁体28的磁力,将橡胶环27固定到空心杆7的内圈,将空心杆7内圈的螺纹阻挡隔离,从而降低了粉碎土壤残留在空心杆7顶部的螺纹处的概率。As shown in Figure 5, the inner wall of the bottom surface of the pressure seat 24 is fixed with a plurality of annular sealing sheets 26, the inner ring of the annular sealing sheet 26 is slidingly fitted with the top outer ring of the hollow rod 7, and the hollow rod 7 at the top is A rubber ring 27 is slidably installed on the inner ring of the rubber ring 27, and a plurality of magnets 28 are inlaid on the bottom of the rubber ring 27; the ring-shaped sealing sheet 26 is provided to seal the bottom of the pressure seat 24 and the top of the hollow rod 7 to improve improved sealing, thereby improving the effectiveness of pulverized soil extraction; when the pulverized soil enters the inside of the round hole 25 through the hollow rod 7, the pulverized soil will remain on the thread at the top of the hollow rod 7, affecting the connection and fixation between the hollow rods 7 ; By the magnetic force of magnet 28, rubber ring 27 is fixed to the inner ring of hollow rod 7, and the screw thread of hollow rod 7 inner ring is blocked and isolated, thereby reducing the probability that pulverized soil remains at the screw thread place of hollow rod 7 tops.

如图3、图7和图11所示,所述主轴5的中部外圈固接有固定筒29,所述固定筒29的外圈均匀固接有多组破碎刀30,每组所述破碎刀30呈交错分布,所述破碎刀30的两侧均设置有锯齿;工作时,一号电机4带动主轴5转动,驱动钻头6向下钻进时,主轴5带动固定筒29转动,带动多组破碎刀30旋转,将粉碎的土壤进行进一步的破碎,从而降低了较大的土壤块造成通道的堵塞,从而提高了土壤吸取采集的效率和流畅性。As shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 7 and Fig. 11, the middle outer ring of the main shaft 5 is affixed with a fixed cylinder 29, and the outer ring of the fixed cylinder 29 is evenly affixed with multiple groups of crushing knives 30, and each group of crushing knives The knives 30 are staggeredly distributed, and both sides of the crushing knives 30 are provided with sawtooth; when working, the No. 1 motor 4 drives the main shaft 5 to rotate; The set of crushing knives 30 rotates to further crush the crushed soil, thereby reducing the blockage of the channel caused by larger soil blocks, thereby improving the efficiency and smoothness of soil suction and collection.

如图9所示,所述罩筒1的底面开设有多个槽口31,所述罩筒1的外壁环绕开设有多个气槽32,所述气槽32与槽口31相对应,且气槽32的低端连通槽口31;通过槽口31与气槽32,使得罩筒1上方的空气沿着气槽32与槽口31进入罩筒1的底部,从而提高了罩筒1底部空气的流动性,继而提高了粉碎土壤抽取的有效性;开设的气槽32,降低了罩筒1的外壁与钻孔的内部之间的接触面积,从而降低了罩筒1与钻孔内壁之间的吸力,继而提高了钻进的效率。As shown in Figure 9, the bottom surface of the cover cylinder 1 is provided with a plurality of notches 31, and the outer wall of the cover cylinder 1 is surrounded by a plurality of air grooves 32, and the air grooves 32 correspond to the notches 31, and The lower end of the air groove 32 communicates with the notch 31; through the notch 31 and the air groove 32, the air above the cover cylinder 1 enters the bottom of the cover cylinder 1 along the air groove 32 and the notch 31, thereby improving the bottom of the cover cylinder 1. The fluidity of the air improves the effectiveness of pulverized soil extraction; the air groove 32 provided reduces the contact area between the outer wall of the cover tube 1 and the inside of the borehole, thereby reducing the distance between the cover tube 1 and the inner wall of the borehole. Between the suction, and then improve the efficiency of drilling.

如图10所示,所述钻头6的顶部外圈均匀开设多个通槽33,所述通槽33的顶部向主轴5的中心倾斜开设;通过开设的通槽33,使得钻头6钻进时产生的破碎土壤沿着通槽33向罩筒1的中部聚拢,从而提高了土壤进入罩筒1内部的效率,提高了破碎土壤吸取的效率。As shown in Figure 10, the top outer ring of the drill bit 6 evenly offers a plurality of through grooves 33, and the top of the through grooves 33 is inclined to the center of the main shaft 5; The generated broken soil gathers toward the middle of the cover cylinder 1 along the through groove 33, thereby improving the efficiency of soil entering into the inside of the cover tube 1 and improving the efficiency of absorbing the broken soil.

如图1、图2和图9所示,所述罩筒1的顶部外圈固接有弹性环片34,所述弹性环片34的直径大于罩筒1的外圈直径;罩筒1进入土层后,弹性环片34的外圈受到钻孔内壁的阻挡,向上翻折弯曲,罩筒1向下移动时,带动弹性环片34沿着钻孔内壁滑动,将钻孔内壁磨平,降低了钻孔内壁发生坍塌的概率,同时,弹性环片34阻挡掉落的落土,降低了落土对土壤采集的影响。As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 9, the top outer ring of the cover tube 1 is fixedly connected with an elastic ring piece 34, and the diameter of the elastic ring piece 34 is larger than the diameter of the outer ring of the cover tube 1; the cover tube 1 enters After the soil layer, the outer ring of the elastic ring 34 is blocked by the inner wall of the borehole, and is bent upwards. When the cover tube 1 moves downward, the elastic ring 34 is driven to slide along the inner wall of the borehole, and the inner wall of the borehole is smoothed. The probability of collapse of the inner wall of the borehole is reduced, and at the same time, the elastic ring piece 34 blocks the falling soil, reducing the impact of the falling soil on soil collection.

实施例二Embodiment two

如图12所示,对比实施例一,其中本发明的另一种实施方式为:所述土样筒8的两端均螺纹安装有密封盖35,所述土样筒8的外壁开设有操作平面36,且操作平面36可以写字,所述操作平面36的两侧均开设有刻度37,所述操作平面36的中部均匀开设有多个取样孔38,所述取样孔38的内部螺纹安装有密封塞39;工作时,土样筒8内部对的土壤柱采样完成后,将土样筒8取出后,使用密封盖35将土样筒8的两端进行密封,将采样的土层深度标记在操作平面36上,后续工作人员需要研究时,将相对应深度的密封塞39从取样孔38的内部取出,便可提取相对应深度的土样,从而便于工作人员的研究工作,同时,又不对同一个土样筒8中其他土层的土样产生影响。As shown in Figure 12, Comparative Example 1, wherein another embodiment of the present invention is: both ends of the soil sample cylinder 8 are threaded with sealing caps 35, and the outer wall of the soil sample cylinder 8 is provided with an operating plane 36, and the operation plane 36 can write, both sides of the operation plane 36 are provided with scales 37, and the middle part of the operation plane 36 is uniformly provided with a plurality of sampling holes 38, and the internal threads of the sampling holes 38 are equipped with Sealing plug 39; During work, after the soil column sampling of soil sample tube 8 inside is finished, after soil sample tube 8 is taken out, use sealing cover 35 to seal the two ends of soil sample tube 8, the soil layer depth of sampling is marked On the operation plane 36, when the follow-up staff needs to study, the sealing plug 39 of the corresponding depth is taken out from the inside of the sampling hole 38, and the soil sample of the corresponding depth can be extracted, thereby facilitating the research work of the staff, and at the same time, It does not affect the soil samples of other soil layers in the same soil sample cylinder 8.

工作原理:进行土壤采集前,将土样筒8放置到托台18的顶面,使得土样筒8的内圈与压缩腔17的内圈重合,转动螺杆21,驱动固定夹板20沿着滑槽19滑动,使得固定夹板20接触挤压土样筒8的端面,将土样筒8固定夹持;将三脚架22布置到取样的位置后,将一节空心杆7螺纹安装到罩筒1的顶部,再将空心杆7的顶端与压座24的底面贴合,使得空心杆7的内圈连通圆孔25的底部,使用管道连通圆孔25的顶端与压缩腔17;一号电机4带动主轴5转动,驱动钻头6向下钻进,带动罩筒1深入土层内,钻头6钻进时,将钻孔底部的土壤搅碎,同时,主轴5带动固定筒29转动,带动多组破碎刀30旋转,将粉碎的土壤进行进一步的破碎;液压缸23向下推动空心杆7,为罩筒1施加向下的推动,待一节空心杆7伸入地面后,再将下一节空心杆7进行连接安装,从而提高了钻头6转进的效率;Working principle: Before soil collection, place the soil sample tube 8 on the top surface of the support platform 18, so that the inner ring of the soil sample tube 8 coincides with the inner ring of the compression chamber 17, turn the screw 21, and drive the fixed splint 20 along the slide The groove 19 slides, so that the fixed splint 20 contacts and squeezes the end face of the soil sample cylinder 8, and the soil sample cylinder 8 is fixedly clamped; after the tripod 22 is arranged at the sampling position, a hollow rod 7 is threadedly installed on the cover cylinder 1 top, and then fit the top of the hollow rod 7 with the bottom surface of the pressure seat 24, so that the inner ring of the hollow rod 7 communicates with the bottom of the circular hole 25, and the top of the circular hole 25 is connected with the compression chamber 17 using a pipeline; No. 1 motor 4 drives The main shaft 5 rotates, drives the drill bit 6 to drill downward, and drives the cover tube 1 to penetrate into the soil layer. When the drill bit 6 drills in, it crushes the soil at the bottom of the borehole. The knife 30 rotates to further crush the crushed soil; the hydraulic cylinder 23 pushes the hollow rod 7 downward to apply a downward push to the cover tube 1. After one hollow rod 7 extends into the ground, the next hollow rod 7 The rod 7 is connected and installed, thereby improving the efficiency of the drill bit 6 turning in;

抽气泵11将压缩腔17内部的空气抽出产生负压,钻孔底部粉碎的土壤在负压的情况下,粉碎的土壤经过罩筒1和空心杆7,被抽入压缩腔17的内部,待钻头6停止钻进后,抽气泵11继续抽气,直到无粉碎土壤进入压缩腔17,二号电机12带动齿轮13转动,驱动与之啮合的直齿推杆15滑入压缩腔17内部,推动压缩块14滑入土样筒8的内部,将压缩腔17内部的粉碎土壤推入土样筒8的内部,并将粉碎土壤压缩成柱状,使得采样的土壤保持不同土层的分布,便于工作人员后期对不同土层的准确研究。The air pump 11 extracts the air inside the compression chamber 17 to generate negative pressure. Under the negative pressure, the crushed soil at the bottom of the borehole is sucked into the compression chamber 17 through the cover tube 1 and the hollow rod 7. After the drill bit 6 stops drilling, the air pump 11 continues to pump air until no pulverized soil enters the compression chamber 17, the second motor 12 drives the gear 13 to rotate, drives the straight tooth push rod 15 meshed with it to slide into the compression chamber 17, and pushes the The compression block 14 slides into the inside of the soil sample cylinder 8, pushes the crushed soil inside the compression chamber 17 into the inside of the soil sample cylinder 8, and compresses the crushed soil into a column shape, so that the sampled soil maintains the distribution of different soil layers, which is convenient for work Accurate research on different soil layers by personnel in the later stage.

以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. What are described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description only illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have Variations and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. Ground multilayer sampling system based on earth volume calculates, its characterized in that: comprises a cover cylinder (1), a bracket (2), a box body (3), a first motor (4), a main shaft (5), a drill bit (6), a hollow rod (7), a soil sample cylinder (8) and an extraction compression assembly; a bracket (2) is fixedly connected inside the cover cylinder (1), and the outer edge of the bracket (2) is of a hollowed-out structure; the top surface bolt of support (2) has box (3), the inside rigid coupling of box (3) has motor (4) No. one, the pivot rotation of motor (4) runs through box (3) and support (2), the pivot lower extreme rigid coupling of motor (4) No. one has main shaft (5), the low end rigid coupling of main shaft (5) has drill bit (6), hollow rod (7) are installed to the top screw thread of cover section of thick bamboo (1), the inside of inner circle intercommunication cover section of thick bamboo (1) of hollow rod (7), a plurality of hollow rod (7) end to end threaded connection, top the top hollow rod (7) top pipeline intercommunication extraction compression subassembly, the internally mounted of extraction compression subassembly has soil sample section of thick bamboo (8).
2. The earth volume calculation-based ground multi-layer sampling system of claim 1, wherein: the extraction compression assembly comprises a bottom plate (9), a collecting seat (10), an air pump (11), a second motor (12), a gear (13), a compression block (14), a straight-tooth push rod (15) and a ventilation filter plate (16); the utility model discloses a straight-tooth type push rod, including bottom plate (9), compression chamber (17) have been seted up at the top surface middle part rigid coupling of bottom plate (9), compression chamber (17) have been seted up at the middle part of collecting seat (10), soil sample section of thick bamboo (8) are installed to one side of collecting seat (10), the inner circle diameter of soil sample section of thick bamboo (8) is the same with the inner circle diameter of compression chamber (17), and the inner circle coincidence of inner circle and compression chamber (17) of soil sample section of thick bamboo (8), the bottom groove rigid coupling of compression chamber (17) has ventilative filter plate (16), top surface middle part one side rigid coupling of bottom plate (9) has aspiration pump (11), the bottom groove of compression chamber (17) is connected to the inlet end of aspiration pump (11), the top pipeline of compression chamber (17) communicates the inner circle of hollow rod (7), the top surface middle part opposite side rigid coupling of bottom plate (9) has motor No. 12, the pivot outer ring rigid coupling of No. motor (12) has gear (13), the inside slidable mounting of compression chamber (17) has compression block (14), the compression block (14) is kept away from the bottom groove (8) one side tooth (15), tooth (15) have straight-tooth plate (15) and straight-tooth plate (15) are straight-tooth bottom plate (15) and straight-tooth plate (15) is straight-tooth bottom plate, straight-tooth 15.
3. A ground multi-layer sampling system based on earth volume calculations as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the collecting seat (10) is close to one side bottom rigid coupling of soil sample section of thick bamboo (8) and has saddle (18), the top surface of saddle (18) and the outer wall sliding fit of soil sample section of thick bamboo (8), spout (19) have been seted up at one side middle part of being close to soil sample section of thick bamboo (8) of bottom plate (9), the inside slidable mounting of spout (19) has fixed splint (20), the middle part of fixed splint (20) and the terminal surface sliding fit of soil sample section of thick bamboo (8), screw rod (21) are installed in the middle part rotation of spout (19), the outer wall of spout (19) is run through to the one end of screw rod (21), screw rod (21) slip runs through fixed splint (20), and screw rod (21) and fixed splint (20) screw thread fit.
4. A ground multi-layer sampling system based on earth volume calculations as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the top the outside of hollow pole (7) is provided with tripod (22), the top rigid coupling of tripod (22) has pneumatic cylinder (23), the piston rod of pneumatic cylinder (23) slides and runs through the top of tripod (22), the piston rod lower extreme rigid coupling of pneumatic cylinder (23) has pressure seat (24), the bottom surface of pressure seat (24) and the top sliding fit of hollow pole (7), round hole (25) are seted up to the inside of pressure seat (24), the inner circle of hollow pole (7) is linked together to the low end of round hole (25), the top pipeline intercommunication compression chamber (17) of round hole (25).
5. The earth volume calculation-based ground multi-layer sampling system of claim 4, wherein: the inner wall of the bottom surface of the pressing seat (24) is fixedly connected with a plurality of annular sealing sheets (26), the inner ring of the annular sealing sheets (26) is in sliding fit with the outer ring of the top end of the hollow rod (7), the rubber ring (27) is slidably arranged on the inner ring of the hollow rod (7) at the top, and a plurality of magnets (28) are embedded at the bottom of the rubber ring (27).
6. The earth volume calculation-based ground multi-layer sampling system of claim 1, wherein: the middle part outer lane rigid coupling of main shaft (5) has fixed section of thick bamboo (29), the outer lane of fixed section of thick bamboo (29) evenly rigid coupling has multiunit crushing sword (30), every group crushing sword (30) are the staggered distribution, the both sides of crushing sword (30) all are provided with the sawtooth.
7. The earth volume calculation-based ground multi-layer sampling system of claim 1, wherein: a plurality of notches (31) are formed in the bottom surface of the cover cylinder (1), a plurality of air grooves (32) are formed in the outer wall of the cover cylinder (1) in a surrounding mode, the air grooves (32) correspond to the notches (31), and the lower ends of the air grooves (32) are communicated with the notches (31).
8. The earth volume calculation-based ground multi-layer sampling system of claim 1, wherein: the top outer ring of the drill bit (6) is uniformly provided with a plurality of through grooves (33), and the top of each through groove (33) is obliquely arranged towards the center of the main shaft (5).
9. The earth volume calculation-based ground multi-layer sampling system of claim 1, wherein: an elastic ring piece (34) is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the top of the cover cylinder (1), and the diameter of the elastic ring piece (34) is larger than that of the outer ring of the cover cylinder (1).
10. The earth volume calculation-based ground multi-layer sampling system of claim 1, wherein: the soil sample tube is characterized in that sealing covers (35) are arranged at two ends of the soil sample tube (8) in a threaded mode, an operation plane (36) is arranged on the outer wall of the soil sample tube (8), the operation plane (36) can write, scales (37) are arranged on two sides of the operation plane (36), a plurality of sampling holes (38) are uniformly formed in the middle of the operation plane (36), and sealing plugs (39) are arranged in the internal threads of the sampling holes (38).
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Denomination of invention: A Ground Multi layer Sampling System Based on Earthwork Quantity Calculation

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