CN116064186A - 可自我预警的润滑脂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
可自我预警的润滑脂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116064186A CN116064186A CN202111270447.7A CN202111270447A CN116064186A CN 116064186 A CN116064186 A CN 116064186A CN 202111270447 A CN202111270447 A CN 202111270447A CN 116064186 A CN116064186 A CN 116064186A
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- grease
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- acid
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
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- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000001255 4-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1F 0.000 claims description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/0206—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers used as base material
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
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- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
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Abstract
本发明涉及润滑脂领域,公开了可自我预警的润滑脂及其制备方法和应用。以润滑脂的总重量为基准,该润滑脂包括基础油:70‑95重量%;稠化剂:4‑30重量%;添加剂:1‑10重量%;所述添加剂包括氧化指示剂和任选的抗氧剂,所述氧化指示剂的氧化电位高于抗氧剂的氧化电位。本发明还公开了一种制备润滑脂的方法以及四芳基取代吡咯的应用。通过引入四芳基取代吡咯,本发明可通过荧光的变化,来判断在用润滑脂已经开始发生氧化,需要予以更换,实现了润滑脂寿命的快速便捷确定。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑脂领域,具体涉及可自我预警的润滑脂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
润滑脂是机械设备正常运转及材料制造加工过程中必要的工作介质。随着工业技术的发展,机械的负载和转速都大大提高,一旦发生润滑失效,便会导致运动副大幅磨损,寿命急速缩短,甚至引发大型设备的正大事故,因此,为了提高设备持续运行的可靠性,对设备中的润滑脂进行监测是非常有必要的。在实际生产和工作中,由于润滑脂特殊的半流体状态,目前像润滑油一样在线监测润滑脂的使用状态存在相当大的难度,只能采用离线监测等手段,导致分析周期长,反应速度慢,不利于设备的高效利用。近年来,人们进行了一系列润滑脂在线监测的尝试,如CN108931502B使用红外点状发射器在线监测润滑脂衰变程度,CN109387546B将量子点气敏传感器安装在轴承中在线监测润滑脂失效。但以上方法的准确性和便捷性仍有待改善。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的润滑脂在线监测困难问题,提供一种可自我预警的润滑脂及其制备方法和应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明一方面提供一种润滑脂,以润滑脂的总重量为基准,该润滑脂包括以下组分:
I)基础油:70-95重量%;
II)稠化剂:4-30重量%;
III)添加剂:1-10重量%;
其中,所述添加剂包括氧化指示剂和任选的抗氧剂,所述氧化指示剂的氧化电位高于抗氧剂的氧化电位。
本发明第二方面提供了一种制备润滑脂的方法,该方法包括:先将第一部分基础油、酸、氢氧化锂与水混合进行皂化反应,升温脱水后加入第二部分基础油进行恒温炼制,再引入第三部分基础油和添加剂。
本发明第三方面提供了四芳基取代吡咯的应用。
通过引入四芳基取代吡咯,本发明可通过荧光的变化,来判断在用润滑脂已经开始发生氧化,需要予以更换,获得了可自我预警的润滑脂,实现了润滑脂寿命的快速便捷确定。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,使用四芳基取代吡咯作为氧化指示剂,四芳基取代吡咯的引入对润滑脂的其他性能影响不大,本发明的润滑脂仍具有良好的胶体安定性、极佳的机械安定性和优秀的抗氧化作用(甚至进一步改善了润滑脂的抗氧化性能),使得该润滑脂能够胜任于高温、高速、高负荷、多水等苛刻工况条件。
附图说明
图1是四苯基取代吡咯的循环伏安图;
图2是常见抗氧剂2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚的循环伏安图;
图3是氧化前后紫外灯下润滑脂的显色结果。
具体实施方式
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值,这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说,各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间,以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围,这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。
本发明提供的润滑脂,以润滑脂的总重量为基准,包括以下组分:
I)基础油:70-95重量%;
II)稠化剂:4-30重量%;
III)添加剂:1-10重量%;
其中,所述添加剂包括氧化指示剂和任选的抗氧剂,所述氧化指示剂的氧化电位高于抗氧剂的氧化电位。
本发明中,所述基础油优选占润滑脂总重的85-90重量%。所述基础油在100℃下的运动粘度可以为2-60mm2/s,优选为3-30mm2/s。运动粘度的测试方法为GB/T 265-1988。本发明所用的基础油可以是矿物油、植物油、酯类油(如癸二酸二异辛酯)和聚α-烯烃或它们的混合物。植物油可以是蓖麻油、菜籽油、花生油、豆油等,其中植物油可以占润滑脂总重量的0-40重量%。
本发明中,所述稠化剂优选占润滑脂总重的5-20重量%。本发明所用的稠化剂优选由酸与氢氧化锂反应生成(也即所述稠化剂为锂皂),所述酸优选为C12以上的脂肪酸和C11以下的辅助酸的混合酸,其中氢氧化锂的加入量占润滑脂总重量的1-9.8重量%。本发明所用的脂肪酸可以是C12-C20脂肪酸,例如可以是月桂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、12-羟基硬脂酸,优选12-羟基硬脂酸和/或硬脂酸。所述辅助酸可以是醋酸、丙酸、乙二酸、己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、磷酸、硼酸和对苯二甲酸中的一种或几种的混合物,优选癸二酸和/或壬二酸。其中脂肪酸与辅助酸的摩尔比优选为0.1-2:2,更优选0.5-1.5:2。
本发明中,所述氧化指示剂优选占润滑脂总重量的0.01-5重量%。
所述氧化指示剂与抗氧剂需满足的条件为:在相同试验条件下测定循环伏安曲线,氧化指示剂的氧化电位应比抗氧剂的氧化电位更高,这样,能保证抗氧剂在氧化指示剂之前氧化,当抗氧剂消耗完毕后,氧化指示剂因自由基的存在其荧光消失,从而指示存在润滑失效的风险。所述氧化指示剂优选为四芳基取代吡咯,可以占润滑脂总量的0.1-5重量%,优选0.5-2重量%(如0.6、0.8、0.9、1、1.5、2重量%或上述数值之间的任意值)。四芳基取代吡咯的结构为:
式Ⅰ中,Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4相同或不同,可以为取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的萘基,其中,取代的基团可以为卤素、氰基、C1-C4的烷基、C1-C4的烷氧基或C1-C4的卤代烷基。优选地,Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4各自独立地选自下述基团中的任意一种,如苯基、对甲苯基、3-甲基苯基、4-甲氧基苯基、3-甲氧基苯基、4-三氟甲基苯基、4-氟苯基、4-氯苯基、3-氯苯基、4-溴苯基、4-氰基苯基、3-氰基苯基、2-萘基等。该氧化指示剂可以按照Wu et al.Acid-Promoted Cross-Dehydrative Aromatization for the Synthesis ofTetraaryl-Substituted Pyrroles,Organic Letters,2016,18(1),56-59描述的方法进行制备。本发明的发明人发现,有些荧光物质(如伊红)加入润滑脂中将可能对润滑脂的性能产生较大的影响,而加入四芳基取代吡咯作为氧化指示剂不会对润滑脂的其他加工性能产生影响,使得所述润滑脂仍具有良好的胶体安定性、极佳的机械安定性和优秀的抗氧化作用。
本发明中,所述添加剂的用量优选为3-5重量%。如前所述,所述添加剂可以包括抗氧剂,以进一步提高所述润滑脂的抗氧化性能。所述抗氧剂优选占润滑脂总重量的0.1-3重量%(如0.5、1、1.2、1.3、1.4、1.5、1.6、2重量%或上述数值之间的任意值)。所述抗氧剂可以为本领域常见的润滑脂抗氧剂,如芳胺类抗氧剂、酚类抗氧剂。优选地,所述抗氧剂选自2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、苯基-α-萘胺中的一种或多种。
本发明中,所述添加剂还可以包括极压抗磨剂,以提高所述润滑脂的极压抗磨性,所述极压抗磨剂优选占润滑脂总重量的0.1-3重量%(如0.5、1、1.5、1.6、1.7、1.8、1.9、2重量%或上述数值之间的任意值)。所述极压抗磨剂优选为氨基硫代酯、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐中的至少一种。
本发明中,所述添加剂还可以包括油性剂,用于改善润滑脂的摩擦特性,降低润滑表面的摩擦系数,所述油性剂优选占润滑脂总重量的0.05-4重量%(如0.08、0.1、0.2、0.5、1、2、3、4重量%或上述数值之间的任意值)。所述油性剂优选为苯并三氮唑脂肪胺。
本发明提供的润滑脂可以通过包括以下步骤的方法制备:
先将第一部分基础油、酸、氢氧化锂与水混合进行皂化反应,升温脱水后加入第二部分基础油进行恒温炼制,再引入第三部分基础油和添加剂。皂化反应的条件可以包括:温度为60-90℃,时间为60-240min。恒温炼制的条件可以包括:温度为190-220℃,时间为2-10min。第一部分基础油、第二部分基础油和第三部分基础油的总量为基础油的用量。第一部分基础油的用量可以为基础油总量的33-66重量%。第二部分基础油的用量可以为基础油总量的25-33重量%。第三部分基础油的用量可以为基础油总量的1-42重量%。本领域技术人员能够根据润滑脂的具体组成选择酸、氢氧化锂与水的用量,在此不再赘述。
进一步优选地,本发明提供的润滑脂的制备方法包括:先将33-66重量%的基础油与C12-C20脂肪酸和辅助酸混合,搅拌均匀,升温至60-90℃加入氢氧化锂与水的混合物皂化反应60-240min;继续升温至100-180℃进行脱水反应,加入25-33重量%基础油升温至190-220℃进行高温炼制2-10min;加入余下基础油降温到100-120℃,再加入抗氧剂、油性剂、极压抗磨剂和氧化指示剂,搅拌均匀;通过三辊机研磨2-3次成脂。
本发明还提供了四芳基取代吡咯在指示润滑脂寿命和改善润滑脂抗氧化性中的应用。所述四芳基取代吡咯的具体结构如前所述,在此不再赘述。
以下将通过实施例对本发明进行详细描述。以下实施例中,PAO基础油购自埃克森美孚公司;500N基础油购自台塑集团;苯并三氮唑脂肪胺购自惠华石油添加剂有限公司,工业品。四芳基吡咯按照文献Organic Letters,2016,18(1),56-59描述的方法进行制备(结构如式I所示,Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4均为苯基)。
实施例1
原料组分:PAO4 1020g(100℃粘度为3.9mm2/s);一水氢氧化锂24.75g;十二羟基硬脂酸89.31g;壬二酸28.19g;2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚12.1g;二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐23.47g;苯并三氮唑脂肪胺1.27g,氧化指示剂(四苯基吡咯)11.62g。
先将502克基础油与89.21克12-羟基硬脂酸和28.19克壬二酸加入制脂釜中,搅拌均匀,升温至85℃加入氢氧化锂水溶液(其中含一水氢氧化锂24.75克、水202克)进行皂化反应120min,生成锂皂和锂盐;继续升温至120℃进行脱水反应,升温至210℃进行高温炼制10min;加入518克基础油降温到110℃加入12.1g 2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚;23.47克二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐;1.27克苯并三氮唑脂肪胺;11.62g氧化指示剂,搅拌均匀;通过三辊机研磨3次成脂。产品性能如表1所示。
对比例1
按照实施例1的方法制备润滑脂,不同的是,不添加氧化指示剂。
实施例2
原料组分:PAO6 805g(100℃粘度为5.8mm2/s);癸二酸二异辛酯710g(100℃粘度为3.3mm2/s);一水氢氧化锂34.74g;十二羟基硬脂酸133.53g;癸二酸39.75g;2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚21.71g;二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐27.52g;苯并三氮唑脂肪胺1.65g,氧化指示剂(四苯基吡咯)14.61g。
先将805克PAO6与133.53克12-羟基硬脂酸和39.75克癸二酸加入制脂釜中,搅拌均匀,升温至65℃加入氢氧化锂水溶液(其中含一水氢氧化锂34.74克、水300克)进行皂化反应60min,生成锂皂和锂盐;继续升温至110℃进行脱水反应,升温至190℃进行高温炼制8min;加入710克癸二酸二异辛酯降温到100℃加入21.71g 2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚;27.52克二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐;1.65克苯并三氮唑脂肪胺;14.61g氧化指示剂,搅拌均匀;通过三辊机研磨2次成脂。产品性能如表1所示。
实施例3
原料组分:PAO10 804g(100℃粘度为10mm2/s);一水氢氧化锂15.13g;十二羟基硬脂酸53.76g;壬二酸16.27g;2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚14.13g;二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐18.11g;苯并三氮唑脂肪胺0.94g;氧化指示剂(四苯基吡咯)8.05g。
先将393克基础油与53.76克12-羟基硬脂酸和16.27克壬二酸加入制脂釜中,搅拌均匀,升温至85℃加入氢氧化锂水溶液(其中含一水氢氧化锂15.13克、水105克)进行皂化反应140min,生成锂皂和锂盐;继续升温至120℃进行脱水反应,升温至220℃进行高温炼制10min;加入411克基础油降温到110℃加入14.13g 2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚;18.11克二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐;0.94克苯并三氮唑脂肪胺;8.05g氧化指示剂,搅拌均匀;通过三辊机研磨3次成脂。产品性能如表1所示。
实施例4
原料组分:500N 764g(100℃粘度为11mm2/s);一水氢氧化锂23.54g;十二羟基硬脂酸81.06g;癸二酸26.73g;2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚12.74g;二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐17.64g;苯并三氮唑脂肪胺0.82g;氧化指示剂(四苯基吡咯)7.91g。
先将372克基础油与81.06克12-羟基硬脂酸和26.73克癸二酸加入制脂釜中,搅拌均匀,升温至80℃加入氢氧化锂水溶液(其中含一水氢氧化锂23.54克、水180克)进行皂化反应120min,生成锂皂和锂盐;继续升温至120℃进行脱水反应,升温至210℃进行高温炼制10min;加入392克基础油降温到110℃加入12.74g 2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚;17.64克二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐;0.82克苯并三氮唑脂肪胺;7.91g具有促进生物降解的抗氧剂,搅拌均匀;通过三辊机研磨3次成脂。产品性能如表1所示。
表1
测试例1
(1)分别测试四苯基取代吡咯和常见抗氧剂2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚的循环伏安曲线,图1和图2分别展示了四苯基取代吡咯和常见抗氧剂2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚的循环伏安图,可以看到,四苯基取代吡咯的氧化电位更高,即更难被氧化,其中,四苯基吡咯的氧化电位为1.35V,2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚的氧化电位为1.26V。
(2)将实施例制备的润滑脂作为试验样品进行氧化试验,试验温度:210℃,试验时间:2h,氧气流速:100mL/min。氧化试验前后在紫外灯下进行显色观察,测定润滑脂的荧光特性,结果显示,氧化试验前样品呈现蓝色荧光,氧化试验后样品的荧光几乎消失。实施例1制备的润滑脂的显色结果如图3所示,图3左侧为氧化试验前的润滑脂(呈现蓝色荧光),右侧为氧化试验后的润滑脂样品(无荧光)。由此可见,四苯基吡咯的加入,可以反映润滑脂的氧化,间接反映润滑脂的使用寿命。也即本发明可通过荧光的变化,来判断在用润滑脂已经开始发生氧化,需要予以更换,实现了润滑脂寿命的快速便捷确定。
此外,对比实施例1和对比例1可以看出,加入四苯基吡咯不但起到了氧化指示剂的作用,润滑脂的氧化诱导期也有提升,说明四芳基吡咯的加入还出乎意料地提高了润滑脂的抗氧化性能。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于此。在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,包括各个技术特征以任何其它的合适方式进行组合,这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容,均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (12)
1.一种润滑脂,其特征在于,以润滑脂的总重量为基准,该润滑脂包括以下组分:
I)基础油:70-95重量%;
II)稠化剂:4-30重量%;
III)添加剂:1-10重量%;
其中,所述添加剂包括氧化指示剂和任选的抗氧剂,所述氧化指示剂的氧化电位高于抗氧剂的氧化电位。
2.根据权利要求1所述的润滑脂,其中,以润滑脂的总重量为基准,所述氧化指示剂的含量为0.01-5重量%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的润滑脂,其中,所述氧化指示剂的含量为0.5-2重量%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的润滑脂,其中,Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4各自独立地选自下述基团中的任意一种:苯基、对甲苯基、3-甲基苯基、4-甲氧基苯基、3-甲氧基苯基、4-三氟甲基苯基、4-氟苯基、4-氯苯基、3-氯苯基、4-溴苯基、4-氰基苯基、3-氰基苯基、2-萘基。
6.根据权利要求1所述的润滑脂,其中,所述润滑脂包括以下组分:
I)基础油:85-90重量%;
II)稠化剂:5-15重量%;
III)添加剂:3-5重量%。
7.根据权利要求1或6所述的润滑脂,其中,所述基础油在100℃下的运动粘度为2-60mm2/s。
8.根据权利要求1或6所述的润滑脂,其中,所述基础油在100℃下的运动粘度为3-30mm2/s;和/或,所述稠化剂为锂皂。
9.根据权利要求1或6所述的润滑脂,其中,所述添加剂包括抗氧剂、极压抗磨剂和油性剂中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求9所述的润滑脂,其中,以润滑脂的总重量为基准,所述抗氧剂的含量为0.1-3重量%,极压抗磨剂的含量为0.1-3重量%,油性剂的含量为0.05-4重量%。
11.一种制备润滑脂的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括:先将第一部分基础油、酸、氢氧化锂与水混合进行皂化反应,升温脱水后加入第二部分基础油进行恒温炼制,再引入第三部分基础油和添加剂。
12.四芳基取代吡咯在指示润滑脂寿命和改善润滑脂抗氧化性中的应用。
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