CN116063066A - 一种气相渗入法增强莫来石陶瓷材料制备方法 - Google Patents

一种气相渗入法增强莫来石陶瓷材料制备方法 Download PDF

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CN116063066A
CN116063066A CN202310046375.0A CN202310046375A CN116063066A CN 116063066 A CN116063066 A CN 116063066A CN 202310046375 A CN202310046375 A CN 202310046375A CN 116063066 A CN116063066 A CN 116063066A
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ceramic
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张琪
王刚
王曲
张一帆
梁鹏鹏
杜鹏辉
王来稳
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Sinosteel Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种气相渗入法增强莫来石陶瓷材料制备方法。将制备好的莫来石陶瓷材料置于装有AlF3•3H2O粉体匣钵内，在1600℃下热处理6个小时，气相介质挥发渗入到莫来石陶瓷基体内部，发生气相反应，促进莫来石晶粒的异向生长，生成莫来石晶须，莫来石晶须填充陶瓷材料内部空隙，降低陶瓷材料气孔率，提高陶瓷材料体积密度，增强莫来石陶瓷高温力学强度。气相渗入的增强方式减少了低熔点化合在陶瓷坯体中的残留，避免助剂AlF3·3H2O在陶瓷材料内部烧蚀形成的气孔，又能在陶瓷结构中形成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷强度，增强效果明显，高温抗折强度最高可提高13~16%。

Description

一种气相渗入法增强莫来石陶瓷材料制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷材料技术领域，具体涉及一种气相渗入法增强莫来石陶瓷材料制备方法。
背景技术
莫来石陶瓷具有高致密性、高热导率、高温抗蠕变性、高温力学性能、优良的抗热震性能、低热膨胀性、高温稳定性以及良好的电绝缘性而广泛应用于国防、工业、民用领域；但是其在应用过程中，出现了抗热震性能差、易弯曲、易断棒、使用寿命较短等问题，为了提高莫来石陶瓷材料必须对其进行增韧；传统的晶须增韧方法外加晶须法和原位增强法，外加晶须法主要是将莫来石晶须分散在陶瓷材料基质中，添加结合剂制成莫来石陶瓷材料；原位自生增强主要是将氟化铝粉体与陶瓷基质混合，添加结合剂制成陶瓷泥料，高温烧成原位生成莫来石晶须增韧莫来石陶瓷材料，效果有限。
外加晶须在莫来石陶瓷材料基体中起到桥联、增强的效果，能较好的抑制裂纹的扩展，起到了增强陶瓷材料的作用；但存在晶须分散不均匀从而影响莫来石陶瓷材料烧结的问题。
原位自生晶须在陶瓷基体中生长均匀，且与基体之间的界面结合较为紧密，可改善晶须与基体材料的结合性能，从工艺的角度来说，原位自生增强工艺较为简单，易于工业生产和降低生产成本，但助剂的引入导致陶瓷结构显气孔率增大，低熔点化合物增多，影响了晶须的增强效果。
发明内容
基于现有莫来石陶瓷增韧问题，本发明的目的主要是提供一种气相渗入法增强莫来石陶瓷材料制备方法。
本发明为完成上述目的采用如下技术方案：
一种气相渗入法增强莫来石陶瓷材料制备方法，具有如下步骤：
（1）将15份氧化铝粉、35份金刚砂、10份硅酸锆粉、28份高岭土、12份刚玉粉原料混合，添加结合剂制成陶瓷泥料，采用液压成型的方式，将陶瓷材料粉料在60MPa压力下，制成长方形样条；
（2）将AlF3•3H2O粉体放置在匣钵中；AlF3•3H2O粉体添加量为原料总量的6％，粉体添加量不能高于陶瓷坯体距离匣砵底部的三分之一；
（3）将压制的长方形样条放置在底层铺有AlF3•3H2O粉体的密闭匣钵中；
（4）将装好的密闭匣钵置于高温炉中1600℃保温6h后随炉冷却；AlF3•3H2O在高温下分解为气相介质渗入到陶瓷结构的内部。
步骤（4）中1600℃保温6h，升温速率5℃/min。
本发明提出的一种气相渗入法增强莫来石陶瓷材料制备方法，利用AlF3•3H2O在高温下分解为气相介质渗入到陶瓷结构的内部，避免助剂AlF3•3H2O在陶瓷材料内部烧蚀形成的气孔，又能在陶瓷结构中形成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷强度，增强效果明显，高温抗折强度最高可提高15～20%。
附图说明
图1是气相渗入装置示意图
图2、图3是气相渗入法制备莫来石陶瓷材料显微结构图片。
实施方式
实施例
一种气相渗入法增强莫来石陶瓷材料制备方法的一个具体实例中，所用原料为氧化铝粉、刚玉砂、刚玉粉、高岭土、水曲柳，以上均为工业级，详细制备步骤如下：
将高岭土、硅酸锆、刚玉粉、氧化铝微粉等在球磨罐中混合均匀，加水球磨24h，将所得浆液注入到浆池中搅拌，得到均匀细粉浆料。将混合浆料通过压滤机，压滤制得增强莫来石棍棒泥料，经过多次睏料、炼泥过程后，留置待用。
将经过多次睏料、炼泥工序的泥料，通过真空挤压成型设备，制备莫来石陶瓷辊棒坯体，将坯体置于干燥房中，干燥数小时。
将干燥数小时后的坯体，挂于窑内坩埚内，并在坩埚内加入6% AlF3•3H2O并在1600℃，保温10h时。高温下AlF3•3H2O产生的中间产物以气相渗入的方式进入坯体空隙中，在空隙周围形成莫来石晶须，增强了莫来石棍棒材料。
实施例
一种气相渗入法增强莫来石陶瓷材料制备方法的一个具体实例中，所用原料为工业级α-Al2O3、工业级Al(OH)3、工业级熔融石，详细制备步骤如下：
将硅源、铝源、硅溶胶、水、分散剂通过球磨混合得到分散均匀的浆料，然后向陶瓷浆料中加入发泡剂并继续球磨，随后向泡沫浆料中加入促凝剂，搅拌均匀后注模，干燥48h后得到多孔莫来石陶瓷坯体。
将多孔莫来石陶瓷坯体置于坩埚内，在坩埚底部加入6% AlF3•3H2O，密封后将坩埚在1600℃，保温10h。高温下AlF3•3H2O产生的中间产物以气相渗入的方式进入坯体空隙中，在莫来石孔隙内形成莫来石晶须，莫来石多孔陶瓷强度提高。
综上所述，本发明一种气相渗入法增强莫来石陶瓷材料制备方法，适用于所有莫来石陶瓷材料。
莫来石陶瓷坯体的气相渗入法生成晶须增强莫来石陶瓷材料，一方面减少由于晶须作为第二相在基体中与基体结合性差的缺点，降低由于晶须的加入对陶瓷材料气孔尺寸及气孔率增大的不利影响；另一方面，由于助剂AlF3•3H2O不直接引入到坯体内部，而是以气相反应的方式，使中间产物以气相渗入的方式进入坯体空隙中，在空隙周围形成莫来石晶须，晶须生长过程中发生体积膨胀小，材料增强效果明显。

Claims (2)

1.一种气相渗入法增强莫来石陶瓷材料制备方法，其特征在于：具有如下步骤：
（1）将15份氧化铝粉、35份金刚砂、10份硅酸锆粉、28份高岭土、12份刚玉粉原料混合，添加结合剂制成陶瓷泥料，采用液压成型的方式，将陶瓷材料粉料在60MPa压力下，制成长方形样条；
（2）将AlF3•3H2O粉体放置在匣钵中；AlF3•3H2O粉体添加量为原料总量的6％，粉体添加量不能高于陶瓷坯体距离匣砵底部的三分之一；
（3）将压制的长方形样条放置在底层铺有AlF3•3H2O粉体的密闭匣钵中；
（4）将装好的密闭匣钵置于高温炉中1600℃保温6h后随炉冷却；AlF3•3H2O在高温下分解为气相介质渗入到陶瓷结构的内部。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种气相渗入法增强莫来石陶瓷材料制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（4）中1600℃保温6h，升温速率5℃/min。
CN202310046375.0A 2023-01-31 2023-01-31 一种气相渗入法增强莫来石陶瓷材料制备方法 Pending CN116063066A (zh)

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