CN116058375A - Method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by using chitosan - Google Patents
Method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by using chitosan Download PDFInfo
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by chitosan, which belongs to the technical field of fruit and vegetable planting, and comprises the following steps: preparing modified chitosan, preparing a rooting agent, preparing a fertilizer and performing rooting treatment; the preparation of the modified chitosan comprises the steps of preparing primary modified chitosan and secondary modification; adding primary modified chitosan, sodium phytate and sodium tripolyphosphate into water, stirring at 80-90 ℃ for reaction for 1.5-2h, filtering, and drying filter residues; the rooting agent is prepared by the following steps: uniformly mixing diatomite, 3-potassium indolebutyrate, gibberellin, aluminum sulfate, potassium sulfate, vitamin B2, polyvinyl alcohol 1788 and alkylphenol ethoxylates, adding the mixed solution, and uniformly mixing; the invention can promote the rooting of fruits and vegetables, avoid the influence on the growth, disease resistance and yield of the fruits and vegetables, and avoid the premature senility of root systems and the poisoning of the fruits and vegetables.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit and vegetable planting, in particular to a method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by using chitosan.
Background
The root is a source spring for absorbing nutrition of all crops, and the high yield and the high quality of the crops can be ensured only if the root systems of the fruits and vegetables are healthy and strong. However, in recent years, with the increasing of planting time and the large amount of chemical fertilizers, the soil is radically changed, and the acidification and salinization of the soil are more and more serious, so that the fruit and vegetable crops are difficult to root.
At present, rooting of fruits and vegetables is promoted mainly by adding a rooting agent, but the existing rooting agent can promote rooting, but can influence the growth and disease resistance of fruits and vegetables in long-term use, and can also cause premature senility of root systems and influence the yield of fruits and vegetables.
In order to solve the above problems, the most commonly used method at present is to combine rooting agent with cultivation measures, for example, the rooting agent is used together with fertilizer, but when the fertilizer is used, a large amount of fertilizer is concentrated on the soil layer of the ground, so that the resistance of crops is reduced, and toxicity is generated.
Chinese patent CN103718803B discloses a method for promoting rooting of green vegetable seedlings by chitin, which mainly comprises the following steps: weighing 5-10 parts by weight of chitin powder, and preparing chitin organic water-soluble fertilizer with the content of chitin of 30-40g/L for later use; taking 50% of chitin organic water-soluble fertilizer to dilute 700-800 times, soaking the root of green vegetable seedling into the chitin organic water-soluble fertilizer diluent for 0.3-1h; carrying out organic ecological soilless culture on green vegetable seedlings, diluting 50% of the chitin organic water-soluble fertilizer by 500-700 times when 5-6 true leaves grow on leaf vegetables or 2-4 true leaves grow on melons, and spraying on roots; but this method can affect the post-growth and disease resistance of vegetables.
Chinese patent CN108184671B discloses a method for rapid propagation of tomatoes and improving the survival rate of hardening seedlings, wherein trehalose is used for replacing sucrose and other components in a conventional culture medium to prepare a specific culture medium formula for tissue culture of tomatoes, and tomato seedlings are obtained through tomato callus induction culture, callus differentiation culture, cluster bud rooting culture, tissue culture seedling hardening transplanting and management after transplanting.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a method for promoting the rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by using chitosan, which can prevent the influence on the growth, disease resistance and yield of the fruit and vegetable crops while promoting the rooting of the fruit and vegetable crops, and can also prevent premature senility of root systems and poisoning of the fruit and vegetable crops.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by chitosan comprises the following steps: preparing modified chitosan, preparing a rooting agent, preparing a fertilizer and performing rooting treatment;
the preparation of the modified chitosan comprises the steps of preparing primary modified chitosan and secondary modification;
adding citric acid, sodium hypophosphite and chitosan into water, starting stirring, controlling the stirring speed to 80-100rpm, reacting at 80-90 ℃ for 3-3.5 hours, performing suction filtration, and drying filter residues at 105-110 ℃ to obtain primary modified chitosan;
in the preparation of the modified chitosan, the weight ratio of citric acid to sodium hypophosphite to chitosan to water is 120-140:0.8-1:70-80:3000-3200;
adding primary modified chitosan, sodium phytate and sodium tripolyphosphate into water, starting stirring, controlling the stirring speed to 200-220rpm, reacting at 80-90 ℃ for 1.5-2h, carrying out suction filtration, and drying filter residues at 105-110 ℃ to obtain modified chitosan;
in the secondary modification, the weight ratio of the primary modified chitosan to the sodium phytate to the sodium tripolyphosphate to the water is 100-105:3-5:10-12:2000-2100;
the rooting agent is prepared by the following steps: uniformly mixing diatomite, 3-potassium indolebutyrate, gibberellin, aluminum sulfate, potassium sulfate, vitamin B2, polyvinyl alcohol 1788 and alkylphenol ethoxylates, adding the mixed solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a rooting agent;
in the rooting agent, the weight ratio of diatomite, potassium 3-indolebutyrate, gibberellin, aluminum sulfate, potassium sulfate, vitamin B2, polyvinyl alcohol 1788, alkylphenol ethoxylates and mixed solution is 50-55:1.5-2:2-2.5:15-18:10-12:1-1.2:2-3:0.5-1:50-55.
The preparation method of the mixed solution comprises the following steps: adding algal polysaccharide, sodium hexametaphosphate, trehalose and modified chitosan into water, uniformly mixing, performing ultrasonic cavitation, controlling the power at 700-900W, the frequency at 20-30kHz and the time at 2-3min, and obtaining a mixed solution after the ultrasonic cavitation is finished;
in the preparation of the mixed solution, the weight ratio of the algal polysaccharide to the sodium hexametaphosphate to the trehalose to the modified chitosan to the water is 3-5:1-2:2-4:10-12:50-55;
the preparation of the fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly mixing modified chitosan and a water-soluble humic acid fertilizer to obtain the fertilizer;
in the preparation of the fertilizer, the weight ratio of the modified chitosan to the water-soluble humic acid fertilizer is 10-12:200-220;
and (3) after rooting treatment and field planting, diluting the rooting agent by 200-220 times, adding the rooting agent into a planting field, controlling the dosage of the rooting agent to be 10-12 kg/mu, and applying fertilizer to the planting field after 2-3 days, wherein the dosage of the fertilizer is controlled to be 25-30 kg/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by using chitosan, primary modified chitosan, sodium phytate and sodium tripolyphosphate are mixed, and mixed liquid is added into a rooting agent, so that premature senility of root systems of the fruit and vegetable crops can be avoided, the survival rate of the fruit and vegetable crops is improved, and the method is used for planting Chinese cabbage, and the survival rate after planting for 30 days is 94.4-95.7%;
(2) According to the method for promoting rooting of the fruit and vegetable crops by using chitosan, the mixed solution is added into the rooting agent, so that the poisoning of the fruit and vegetable crops can be avoided, and the method is used in the planting of Chinese cabbage, and no poisoning occurs from field planting to harvesting;
(3) According to the method for promoting rooting of the fruit and vegetable crops by using the chitosan, the primary modified chitosan, the sodium phytate and the sodium tripolyphosphate are mixed, and the mixed solution is added into the rooting agent, so that the number of days from field planting to harvesting can be shortened, the influence on the growth of the fruit and vegetable crops is avoided, and the method is used for planting Chinese cabbage, wherein the number of days from field planting to harvesting is 47-50d;
(4) According to the method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by using chitosan, the primary modified chitosan, sodium phytate and sodium tripolyphosphate are mixed, and the mixed solution is added into a rooting agent, so that the disease resistance of the fruit and vegetable crops can be improved;
(5) According to the method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by using chitosan, disclosed by the invention, the yield of the fruit and vegetable crops can be improved by adding the mixed solution into the rooting agent, and the yield of cabbages can reach 7852-7934 kg/mu when the method is used for planting cabbages.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in order to provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by chitosan specifically comprises the following steps:
1. preparing modified chitosan: adding 3000g of water into 120g of citric acid, 0.8g of sodium hypophosphite and 70g of chitosan, starting stirring, controlling the stirring speed to 80rpm, reacting for 3 hours at 80 ℃, carrying out suction filtration, and drying filter residues at 105 ℃ to obtain primary modified chitosan; adding 100g of primary modified chitosan, 3g of sodium phytate and 10g of sodium tripolyphosphate into 2000g of water, starting stirring, controlling the stirring speed to 200rpm, reacting at 80 ℃ for 1.5h for secondary modification, carrying out suction filtration, and drying filter residues at 105 ℃ to obtain the modified chitosan.
2. Preparing a rooting agent: uniformly mixing 50g of diatomite, 1.5g of 3-indolebutyric acid potassium, 2g of gibberellin, 15g of aluminum sulfate, 10g of potassium sulfate, 1g of vitamin B2, 2g of polyvinyl alcohol 1788 and 0.5g of alkylphenol ethoxylate, adding 50g of mixed solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a rooting agent;
the preparation method of the mixed solution comprises the following steps: adding 3g of algal polysaccharide, 1g of sodium hexametaphosphate, 2g of trehalose and 10g of modified chitosan into 50g of water, uniformly mixing, performing ultrasonic cavitation, controlling the power at 700W, the frequency at 20kHz and the time at 2min, and obtaining the mixed solution after the ultrasonic cavitation.
3. Preparing fertilizer: uniformly mixing 10g of modified chitosan with 200g of water-soluble humic acid fertilizer to obtain the fertilizer.
4. Rooting: after the Chinese cabbage is planted, the rooting agent is diluted by 200 times and added into the planting field, the dosage of the rooting agent is controlled to be 10 kg/mu, and fertilizer is applied to the planting field after 2 days, and the dosage of the fertilizer is controlled to be 25 kg/mu.
Example 2
A method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by chitosan specifically comprises the following steps:
1. preparing modified chitosan: 130g of citric acid, 0.9g of sodium hypophosphite and 75g of chitosan are added into 3100g of water, stirring is started, the stirring speed is controlled to 90rpm, after 3.2 hours of reaction at 85 ℃, suction filtration is carried out, and filter residues are dried at 108 ℃ to obtain primary modified chitosan; 102g of primary modified chitosan, 4g of sodium phytate and 11g of sodium tripolyphosphate are added into 2050g of water, stirring is started, the stirring speed is controlled to 210rpm, the secondary modification is carried out after the reaction is carried out for 1.8h at 85 ℃, suction filtration is carried out, and filter residues are dried at 108 ℃ to obtain the modified chitosan.
2. Preparing a rooting agent: uniformly mixing 52g of diatomite, 1.8g of 3-indolebutyric acid potassium, 2.2g of gibberellin, 17g of aluminum sulfate, 11g of potassium sulfate, 1.1g of vitamin B2, 2.5g of polyvinyl alcohol 1788 and 0.8g of alkylphenol ethoxylate, adding 52g of mixed solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a rooting agent;
the preparation method of the mixed solution comprises the following steps: adding 4g of algal polysaccharide, 1.5g of sodium hexametaphosphate, 3g of trehalose and 11g of modified chitosan into 52g of water, uniformly mixing, performing ultrasonic cavitation, controlling the power at 800W, the frequency at 25kHz and the time at 2.5min, and obtaining the mixed solution after the ultrasonic cavitation.
3. Preparing fertilizer: and uniformly mixing 11g of modified chitosan with 210g of water-soluble humic acid fertilizer to obtain the fertilizer.
4. Rooting: after the Chinese cabbage is planted in field, the rooting agent is diluted by 210 times and then added into the planting field, the dosage of the rooting agent is controlled to be 11 kg/mu, fertilizer is applied to the planting field after 2 days, and the dosage of the fertilizer is controlled to be 28 kg/mu.
Example 3
A method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by chitosan specifically comprises the following steps:
1. preparing modified chitosan: adding 3200g of water into 140g of citric acid, 1g of sodium hypophosphite and 80g of chitosan, starting stirring, controlling the stirring speed to 100rpm, reacting for 3.5 hours at 90 ℃, carrying out suction filtration, and drying filter residues at 110 ℃ to obtain primary modified chitosan; 105g of primary modified chitosan, 5g of sodium phytate and 12g of sodium tripolyphosphate are added into 2100g of water, stirring is started, the stirring speed is controlled to 220rpm, the secondary modification is carried out after the reaction is carried out for 2 hours at 90 ℃, suction filtration is carried out, and filter residues are dried at 110 ℃ to obtain the modified chitosan.
2. Preparing a rooting agent: uniformly mixing 55g of diatomite, 2g of 3-potassium indolebutyrate, 2.5g of gibberellin, 18g of aluminum sulfate, 12g of potassium sulfate, 1.2g of vitamin B2, 3g of polyvinyl alcohol 1788 and 1g of alkylphenol ethoxylate, adding 55g of mixed solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a rooting agent;
the preparation method of the mixed solution comprises the following steps: adding 5g of algal polysaccharide, 2g of sodium hexametaphosphate, 4g of trehalose and 12g of modified chitosan into 55g of water, uniformly mixing, performing ultrasonic cavitation, controlling the power at 900W, the frequency at 30kHz and the time at 3min, and obtaining a mixed solution after the ultrasonic cavitation.
3. Preparing fertilizer: and uniformly mixing 12g of modified chitosan with 220g of water-soluble humic acid fertilizer to obtain the fertilizer.
4. Rooting: after the Chinese cabbage is planted in field, the rooting agent is diluted 220 times and added into the planting field, the dosage of the rooting agent is controlled to be 12 kg/mu, and after 3 days, the planting field is fertilized by using fertilizer, and the dosage of the fertilizer is controlled to be 30 kg/mu.
Comparative example 1
The method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by using chitosan in the embodiment 1 is characterized in that: in the step 1, the step of preparing the modified chitosan omits the step of mixing the primary modified chitosan, sodium phytate and sodium tripolyphosphate for secondary modification, namely, directly using the primary modified chitosan as the modified chitosan for preparing the rooting agent in the step 2 and preparing the fertilizer in the step 3.
Comparative example 2
The method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by using chitosan in the embodiment 1 is characterized in that: and 2, omitting the addition of the mixed solution in the rooting agent.
Test example 1
Taking a 10 mu planting field, dividing the planting field into 5 parts averagely, numbering 1-5 respectively, and physically isolating 1-5 planting fields; cabbage is planted in a No. 1-5 planting field, the plant spacing is controlled to be 40cm, the row spacing is controlled to be 60cm during planting, and then the cabbage in the No. 1-5 planting field is treated according to the methods of the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2 for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by chitosan, wherein the corresponding relation is as follows:
the light temperature management and other water, fertilizer and medicine management of the planting fields of No. 1-5 are the same, and after field planting for 30d, the survival rate is counted, and the statistical result is as follows:
from the above results, it was found that the survival rate of chinese cabbage can be improved by mixing the primary modified chitosan, sodium phytate and sodium tripolyphosphate and adding the mixed solution to the rooting agent.
Observing and recording whether toxic and harmful conditions appear in the period from field planting to harvesting, wherein the toxic and harmful conditions are represented by browning and rotting of cabbage heads and leaf margin parts, and recording days from field planting to harvesting, wherein the recording results are as follows:
from the results, the mixed solution is added into the rooting agent, so that the poisoning of cabbages can be avoided; the number of days from the colonization to the harvest can be shortened by mixing the primary modified chitosan, sodium phytate, sodium tripolyphosphate, and adding the mixed solution to the rooting agent.
In the planting of Chinese cabbage, the disease resistance of Chinese cabbage in the planting field of No. 1-5 to soft rot, virus disease and white spot disease is tested respectively, and the test is as follows:
from the above results, it was found that the disease resistance of chinese cabbage can be improved by mixing the primary modified chitosan, sodium phytate and sodium tripolyphosphate and adding the mixed solution to the rooting agent.
The yield of the No. 1-6 planting fields at harvest is counted, and the counting result is as follows:
from the above results, it was found that the yield of cabbage can be improved by adding the mixed solution to the rooting agent.
The percentages used in the present invention are mass percentages unless otherwise indicated.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for promoting the rooting of the fruit and vegetable crops by using the chitosan is characterized by comprising the following steps of: preparing modified chitosan, preparing a rooting agent, preparing a fertilizer and performing rooting treatment;
the preparation of the modified chitosan comprises the steps of preparing primary modified chitosan and secondary modification;
adding citric acid, sodium hypophosphite and chitosan into water, stirring at 80-90 ℃ for reaction for 3-3.5 hours, carrying out suction filtration, and drying filter residues to obtain primary modified chitosan;
adding primary modified chitosan, sodium phytate and sodium tripolyphosphate into water, stirring at 80-90 ℃ for reaction for 1.5-2h, carrying out suction filtration, and drying filter residues to obtain modified chitosan;
the rooting agent is prepared by the following steps: uniformly mixing diatomite, 3-potassium indolebutyrate, gibberellin, aluminum sulfate, potassium sulfate, vitamin B2, polyvinyl alcohol 1788 and alkylphenol ethoxylates, adding the mixed solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a rooting agent;
the preparation method of the mixed solution comprises the following steps: adding algal polysaccharide, sodium hexametaphosphate, trehalose and modified chitosan into water, uniformly mixing, and performing ultrasonic cavitation to obtain a mixed solution after the ultrasonic cavitation is finished.
2. The method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by using chitosan according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of citric acid, sodium hypophosphite, chitosan and water in the preparation of the modified chitosan is 120-140:0.8-1:70-80:3000-3200.
3. The method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by using chitosan according to claim 1, wherein in the secondary modification, the weight ratio of primary modified chitosan to sodium phytate to sodium tripolyphosphate to water is 100-105:3-5:10-12:2000-2100.
4. The method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by using chitosan according to claim 1, wherein in the rooting agent preparation, the weight ratio of diatomite, potassium 3-indolebutyrate, gibberellin, aluminum sulfate, potassium sulfate, vitamin B2, polyvinyl alcohol 1788, alkylphenol ethoxylates and mixed solution is 50-55:1.5-2:2-2.5:15-18:10-12:1-1.2:2-3:0.5-1:50-55.
5. The method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by using chitosan according to claim 1, wherein in the preparation of the mixed solution, the weight ratio of algal polysaccharide to sodium hexametaphosphate to trehalose to modified chitosan to water is 3-5:1-2:2-4:10-12:50-55.
6. The method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by using chitosan according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing modified chitosan with a water-soluble humic acid fertilizer.
7. The method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by using chitosan according to claim 6, wherein the weight ratio of the modified chitosan to the water-soluble humic acid fertilizer in the fertilizer preparation is 10-12:200-220.
8. The method for promoting rooting of fruit and vegetable crops by using chitosan according to claim 1, wherein the rooting treatment comprises diluting a rooting agent 200-220 times after field planting, adding the rooting agent into a planting field, controlling the dosage of the rooting agent to be 10-12 kg/mu, applying fertilizer to the planting field after 2-3 days, and controlling the dosage of the fertilizer to be 25-30 kg/mu.
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