CN116053644B - Battery thermal management system integrating phase change and thermoelectric refrigeration - Google Patents
Battery thermal management system integrating phase change and thermoelectric refrigeration Download PDFInfo
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- CN116053644B CN116053644B CN202310012823.5A CN202310012823A CN116053644B CN 116053644 B CN116053644 B CN 116053644B CN 202310012823 A CN202310012823 A CN 202310012823A CN 116053644 B CN116053644 B CN 116053644B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
- H01M10/6572—Peltier elements or thermoelectric devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The battery thermal management system integrating phase change and thermoelectric refrigeration comprises a battery pack module and a battery pack supporting module, wherein the battery pack supporting module is of a hollow structure, a hollow part in the battery pack supporting module is filled with phase change materials, and each battery unit of the battery pack module is embedded into a hole of the battery pack supporting module; the liquid cooling module comprises a cooling plate filled with cooling medium, a circulating pump and a constant temperature medium box body. The thermoelectric module comprises an upper heat conducting plate and a lower heat conducting plate, wherein the lower heat conducting plate is tightly attached to the battery pack supporting module, and the upper heat conducting plate is tightly attached to the cooling plate. The battery pack module is connected with the core control module, the core control module is connected with the power supply module, and the power supply module is respectively connected with the thermoelectric module and the liquid cooling module. The system carries out cooling and heat dissipation on the battery pack; when the battery pack is in a low-temperature environment, the battery pack is preheated. The three working modes of refrigeration, shutdown and heating of the thermoelectric module are switched, and the heat dissipation or preheating requirements of the battery pack under different working conditions are well met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery thermal management, in particular to a battery thermal management system integrating phase change and thermoelectric refrigeration.
Background
In recent years, pure electric, hybrid power and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles have rapidly developed, and power batteries have been attracting more and more attention as core components of new energy vehicles. It has been found that the operating temperature of a power cell has a great effect on its performance, and that too high or too low an operating temperature results in a reduction in battery life and operating efficiency, but in actual operation of the power cell it is difficult to maintain the power cell within a suitable operating temperature range by simply dissipating heat and insulating the battery itself. Therefore, it is very important for new energy automobiles to design an efficient battery thermal management system.
Air cooling, liquid cooling, and PCM cooling are currently the most common battery thermal management approaches. Air cooling uses air as a cooling medium, has the advantages of simple structure and no leakage risk, but due to low cooling efficiency, the cooling requirement of the battery pack is difficult to meet in a high-temperature environment and high discharge rate of the battery. Liquid cooling relies on the continuous circulation of liquid cooling medium to take away the heat that the group battery sent, but liquid cooling can not reach fine radiating effect under high temperature environment. PCM cooling is a fully passive battery thermal management mode, and the phase change material absorbs heat emitted by the battery pack through phase change latent heat to dissipate the heat of the battery pack, so that the PCM cooling has the advantages of low cost, high latent heat and small volume change in the phase change process, but the phase change material can not continuously absorb the heat emitted by the battery pack after the phase change process is completed. In addition, most of the battery thermal management systems at present only consider radiating the battery pack in a high-temperature environment, but the battery pack can meet not only the high-temperature environment but also the low-temperature environment in actual operation, which puts opposite requirements on the battery thermal management system in a cold-hot environment, namely radiating the battery pack in a high temperature and preheating the battery pack in a low temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
The battery heat management system aims to solve the problems that the existing battery heat management system has heat dissipation efficiency and can only dissipate heat of a battery pack but cannot be preheated. The invention provides a battery thermal management system integrating phase change and thermoelectric refrigeration, which is used for completing thermal management of a power battery pack by coupling phase change, thermoelectric elements and liquid cooling, and cooling and radiating the battery pack in a high-temperature environment; when the battery pack is in a low-temperature environment, the cold and hot ends of the thermoelectric module are converted to preheat the battery pack. The three working modes of refrigeration, shutdown and heating of the thermoelectric module are switched, and the heat dissipation or preheating requirements of the battery pack under different working conditions can be well met.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a battery thermal management system integrating phase change and thermoelectric refrigeration comprises a battery pack module, a battery pack supporting module, a thermoelectric module and a liquid cooling module;
the battery pack supporting module is of a hollow structure, the hollow part inside the battery pack supporting module is filled with phase change materials, holes are distributed on the battery pack supporting module, the sizes of the holes are matched with the sizes of battery units in the battery pack module, and the battery units of the battery pack module are embedded into the holes of the battery pack supporting module;
the liquid cooling module comprises a cooling plate filled with cooling medium, a circulating pump and a constant-temperature medium box body, wherein the cooling plate is connected with the constant-temperature medium box body through the circulating pump, the circulating pump is used for pumping the cooling medium in the constant-temperature medium box body into the cooling plate, and the constant-temperature medium box body is used for keeping the temperature of the cooling medium within a certain range;
the thermoelectric module comprises an upper heat conducting plate and a lower heat conducting plate, the lower heat conducting plate is tightly attached to the battery pack supporting module, and the upper heat conducting plate is tightly attached to the cooling plate;
the battery pack module is connected with the core control module, the core control module is connected with the power supply module, and the power supply module is respectively connected with the thermoelectric module and the liquid cooling module.
The battery pack supporting module is of an aluminum airtight hollow structure, honeycomb holes are distributed on the battery pack supporting module, and each battery unit is tightly embedded into the honeycomb holes of the battery pack supporting module.
The thermoelectric module comprises a semiconductor component, wherein the semiconductor component is formed by intersecting and connecting a plurality of P-type semiconductors and N-type semiconductors which are equal in size in series through metal conductor plates, an upper heat conducting plate and a lower heat conducting plate are respectively arranged on the upper part and the lower part of the semiconductor component, and the upper heat conducting plate and the lower heat conducting plate are formed by ceramic heat conducting plates.
The lower heat conducting plate of the thermoelectric module is tightly attached to the right upper side of the battery pack supporting module, the cooling plate is tightly attached to the upper heat conducting plate of the thermoelectric module, and heat conducting silicone grease layers are arranged among the battery pack module, the battery pack supporting module, the thermoelectric module and the cooling plate so as to eliminate air gaps and improve heat transfer efficiency.
The cooling plate of the liquid cooling module is an aluminum cooling plate, the inside of the aluminum cooling plate is of a hollow structure, and the water inlet and the water outlet of the aluminum cooling plate are arranged on the same side.
The core control module comprises a temperature monitoring unit and a decision deployment unit, wherein the temperature monitoring unit comprises a temperature sensor arranged on the surface of each battery unit, and the decision deployment unit is used for averaging the temperatures of the battery units collected by the temperature monitoring unit and carrying out the next judgment through a preset program.
The battery thermal management method integrating phase change and thermoelectric refrigeration is characterized in that a core control module controls a power supply module to realize mutual switching of three working modes, a temperature monitoring unit of the core control module transmits the temperature of battery units detected by each temperature sensor to a decision deployment unit in a delta T time step, the decision deployment unit obtains a temperature average value T after receiving the temperature average value T, and judges the temperature average value T to obtain a decision signal, and the power supply module adjusts the current flowing into a thermoelectric module and a liquid cooling module and the current flowing into the thermoelectric module according to the received decision signal.
The three modes of operation include:
(1): when the decision deployment unit decides that the average value T of the temperatures of the temperature sensors of the temperature monitoring unit is more than or equal to T 1min When the power supply module is used for supplying forward current to the thermoelectric module, the temperature of the thermoelectric module close to the lower heat conducting plate of the battery pack module starts to be reduced to be a cold end, the thermoelectric module works in a refrigerating mode, the thermoelectric module is combined with the phase change material to radiate heat of the battery pack module, meanwhile, the temperature of the upper heat conducting plate of the thermoelectric module starts to be increased to be a hot end, and the refrigerating efficiency of the thermoelectric module is influenced due to the fact that the temperature of the upper heat conducting plate is too high, so that the upper heat conducting plate is cooled by the liquid cooling module;
(2): when the decision deployment unit decides that the temperature average value T of the temperature monitoring unit is greater than T 2max Less than T 1min When the thermoelectric module is in a shutdown state, the thermoelectric module only dissipates heat to the battery pack module by means of the phase change material;
(3): when the decision deployment unit decides that the temperature average value T of the temperature monitoring unit is less than or equal to T 2max When the power supply module is used for supplying reverse current to the thermoelectric module, the temperature of the thermoelectric module, which is close to the lower heat exchange plate of the battery pack module, starts to rise to become a hot end, the conversion of the cold end and the hot end of the thermoelectric module is realized, the thermoelectric module works in a heating mode, the thermoelectric module is combined with the phase change material to preheat the battery pack module, meanwhile, the temperature of the upper heat conducting plate of the thermoelectric module starts to fall to become a cold end, and the heating efficiency of the thermoelectric module is influenced due to the fact that the temperature of the upper heat conducting plate is too low, so that the liquid cooling module is used for carrying out heat preservation treatment on the upper heat conducting plate.
The working power of the thermoelectric module in the refrigerating mode and the heating mode can be changed along with the change of the working condition of the battery pack module:
a, when the thermoelectric module works in a refrigeration mode, the decision deployment unit judges that the temperature average value T of the temperature monitoring unit is larger than T 1min Less than T 1max When the power supply module is used for supplying small forward current to the thermoelectric module, the thermoelectric module is used for refrigerating at low power, and the decision deployment unit is judgedThe average value T of the temperature of the constant temperature monitoring unit is more than or equal to T 1max When the power supply module is used, the forward high current is introduced into the thermoelectric module, and the thermoelectric module is used for refrigerating with high power;
b, when the thermoelectric module works in a heating mode, the decision deployment unit judges that the temperature average value T of the temperature monitoring unit is smaller than T 2max Greater than T 2min When the power supply module supplies reverse small current to the thermoelectric module, the thermoelectric module heats with low power, and the decision deployment unit judges that the temperature average value T of the temperature monitoring unit is smaller than or equal to T 2min When the thermoelectric module is in use, the power supply module supplies large reverse current to the thermoelectric module, and the thermoelectric module heats with high power.
The circulating pump of the liquid cooling module is related to the working power of the thermoelectric module, namely, the current of the power supply module, which is introduced into the circulating pump and the thermoelectric module, is positively correlated, so that the flow of the cooling medium pumped into the cooling plate by the circulating pump is changed along with the change of the refrigerating capacity or the heating capacity of the thermoelectric module; when the thermoelectric module operates at high power, the circulating pump also operates at high power to cool or insulate the thermoelectric module; when the thermoelectric module operates at low power, the circulating pump operates at low power to cool or insulate the thermoelectric module, the liquid cooling module always meets the cooling and insulating requirements of the thermoelectric module at the lowest power consumption, and the overall power consumption of the battery thermal management system is reduced.
The invention relates to a battery thermal management system integrating phase change and thermoelectric refrigeration, which has the following technical effects:
1) The battery thermal management system combines phase change, thermoelectric elements and liquid cooling, and is matched with the battery thermal management system to complete thermal management of the battery pack, so that the battery thermal management system has good heat dissipation and preheating performance, and the battery pack can be ensured to be in a proper working temperature range under various working conditions.
2) The invention uses the liquid cooling module to cool or preserve heat the thermoelectric module, improves the working efficiency of the thermoelectric module, correlates the working power of the liquid cooling module circulating pump and the thermoelectric module, changes the flow of the circulating pump pumping cooling medium along with the change of the refrigerating capacity or heating capacity of the thermoelectric module, and reduces the power consumption while meeting the cooling or preserving heat requirement of the thermoelectric module.
3) The battery thermal management system integrates three working modes of refrigeration, shutdown and heating, and the thermoelectric module works as a refrigerator to cool the battery pack in a high-temperature environment; at normal temperature, the thermoelectric module stops working, and the battery pack is cooled or insulated by the phase change material; when the battery pack is in a low-temperature environment, the direction of current flowing in the thermoelectric module is changed, the conversion of the cold end and the hot end of the thermoelectric module is realized, the preheating treatment of the battery pack is completed, and the three working modes can be well adapted to the requirements of the battery pack under different working conditions.
4) The circulating pump of the liquid cooling module is related to the working power of the thermoelectric module, so that the flow of the cooling medium pumped by the circulating pump is changed along with the change of the refrigerating capacity or the heating capacity of the thermoelectric module, and the cooling or heat preservation requirement of the thermoelectric module is simultaneously met.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery thermal management system integrating phase change and thermoelectric refrigeration according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a right-side view schematically illustrating a battery module, a battery support module, a thermoelectric module, and a liquid cooling module combination of the battery thermal management system according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a battery module, a battery support module, a thermoelectric module, and a liquid cooling module combination of the battery thermal management system of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a thermoelectric module of the present invention operating with a forward current;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a thermoelectric module of the present invention performing a heating operation by applying a reverse current.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a control method of a core control module of the battery thermal management system according to the present invention.
The device comprises a 1-battery pack module, a 2-battery pack supporting module, a 3-thermoelectric module, a 4-liquid cooling module, a 5-core control module, a 6-power supply module, a 101-heat conduction silicone grease layer, a 102-phase change material, a 301-upper heat conduction plate, a 302-lower heat conduction plate, a 303-semiconductor component, a 401-cooling plate, a 402-circulating pump, a 403-constant temperature medium box, a 501-temperature monitoring unit and a 502-decision deployment unit.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, a battery thermal management system integrating phase change and thermoelectric refrigeration, comprising: a battery module 1, a battery support module 2, a thermoelectric module 3, a liquid cooling module 4, a core control module 5 and a power supply module 6, wherein fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery thermal management system integrating phase change and thermoelectric refrigeration; fig. 2 and 3 are right and top views, respectively, of a battery module 1, a battery support module 2, a thermoelectric module 3, and a liquid cooling module 4 combination of the battery thermal management system of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the battery pack support module 2 of the present embodiment is an aluminum sealed hollow structure, the hollow portion inside is filled with a phase change material 102, cellular holes are distributed on the battery pack support module 2, the size of each hole is matched with that of each battery in the battery pack module 1, the battery pack module 1 is tightly embedded in the cellular holes of the battery pack support module 2, and the phase change material 102 can be pure paraffin, a mixed phase change material formed by foam metal and paraffin, a mixed phase change material formed by expanded graphite and paraffin, PCM capsules, and the like. The phase change material selected in the embodiment is a composite phase change material composed of 10% by mass of expanded graphite and pure paraffin, the melting point of the composite phase change material is 43 ℃, and the heat conductivity coefficient is 4.512 W.m -1 ·K -1 Latent heat of phase change of 202560 J.kg -1 。
The thermoelectric module 3 of the present embodiment is composed of an upper heat-conducting plate 301, a lower heat-conducting plate 302 and a semiconductor component 303, wherein the semiconductor component 303 is composed of a plurality of P-type semiconductors and N-type semiconductors with equal dimensions which are connected in series in a crossing manner through metal conductor plates, and the upper heat-conducting plate 301 and the lower heat-conducting plate 302 are composed of ceramic heat-conducting plates. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the thermoelectric module 3 performs active thermal management on the battery module 1 by using the peltier effect, when current flows through the thermoelectric module 3, a temperature difference occurs between the upper heat conducting plate 301 and the lower heat conducting plate 302 of the thermoelectric module 3, a side with a temperature higher than the ambient temperature is called a hot side, a side with a temperature lower than the ambient temperature is called a cold side, and when a direction of current flowing into the thermoelectric module 3 changes, the cold and hot sides of the thermoelectric module 3 are also converted, so that heat dissipation or preheating treatment can be performed on the battery module 1 by changing a direction of current flowing into the thermoelectric module 3 by the power supply module 6.
As shown in fig. 1, the liquid cooling module 4 of this embodiment is composed of an aluminum cooling plate 401 filled with a cooling medium, a circulation pump 402 and a constant temperature medium tank 403, wherein the cooling plate 401 is hollow, the water inlet and the water outlet of the cooling plate are arranged on the same side, the circulation pump 402 is used for pumping the cooling medium in the constant temperature medium tank 403 into the cooling plate 401, the constant temperature medium tank 403 keeps the temperature of the cooling medium within a certain range, and the cooling medium can be water, deionized water, glycol, metal fluid or various mixed media composed of the water, the deionized water, the glycol, the metal fluid or the mixed media.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the lower heat-conducting plate 302 of the thermoelectric module 3 of the present embodiment is closely attached directly above the battery pack support module 2, the aluminum cold plate is closely attached to the upper heat-conducting plate 301 of the thermoelectric module 3, and the heat-conducting silicone grease layer 101 is used among the battery pack module 1, the battery pack support module 2, the thermoelectric module 3 and the aluminum cold plate to eliminate air gaps and improve heat transfer efficiency, and the thickness of the heat-conducting silicone grease layer 101 is generally not more than 1mm.
As shown in fig. 1, the core control module 5 of the present embodiment includes a temperature monitoring unit 501 and a decision deployment unit 502, where the temperature monitoring unit 501 is composed of a temperature sensor in the middle of each battery unit surface, and the decision deployment unit 502 is used to average the temperatures of the batteries collected by the temperature monitoring unit 501 and make a next decision through a predetermined procedure.
In this embodiment, the battery thermal management system of the present invention realizes the mutual switching of three working modes by the core control module 5 assisting the power supply module 6, the temperature monitoring unit 501 of the core control module 5 transmits the temperatures detected by the temperature sensors to the decision deployment unit 502 in the time step of Δt, the decision deployment unit 502 obtains the temperature average value T after receiving, and determines the temperature average value T to obtain a decision signal, and the power supply module 6 adjusts the magnitude of the current flowing into the thermoelectric module 3 and the liquid cooling module 4 and the current direction flowing into the thermoelectric module 3 according to the received decision signal.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a control method of a core control module of the battery thermal management system according to the present invention, and three operation modes of the battery thermal management system according to the present embodiment include:
(1): when the decision deployment unit 502 determines that the average value T of the temperatures of the temperature sensors of the temperature monitoring unit 501 is greater than or equal to T 1min When the power supply module 6 supplies forward current to the thermoelectric module 3, the temperature of the thermoelectric module 3 close to the lower heat conducting plate 302 of the battery module 2 starts to be reduced to be a cold end, the thermoelectric module 3 works in a refrigerating mode, the thermoelectric module 3 is combined with the phase change material 102 to radiate heat to the battery module 1, meanwhile, the temperature of the upper heat conducting plate 301 of the thermoelectric module 3 starts to be increased to be a hot end, and considering that the refrigerating efficiency of the thermoelectric module 3 is influenced due to the fact that the temperature of the upper heat conducting plate 301 is too high, the upper heat conducting plate 301 is cooled by the liquid cooling module 4;
(2): when the decision deployment unit 502 determines that the temperature average value T of the temperature monitoring unit 501 is greater than T 2max Less than T 1min When the power supply module 6 stops supplying power to the thermoelectric module 3, the thermoelectric module 3 is in a shutdown state, and only the phase change material 102 is used for radiating heat to the battery module 1;
(3): when the decision deployment unit 502 decides that the temperature average value T of the temperature monitoring unit 501 is less than or equal to T 2max When the power supply module 6 supplies reverse current to the thermoelectric module 3, at this time, the temperature of the thermoelectric module 3 near the lower heat conducting plate 302 of the battery module 1 starts to rise to become a hot end, so as to realize the conversion of the cold end and the hot end of the thermoelectric module 3, the thermoelectric module 3 starts to operate in a heating mode, and the battery module 1 is preheated by combining the phase change material 102, meanwhile, the temperature of the upper heat conducting plate 301 of the thermoelectric module 3 starts to drop to become a cold end, and considering that the heating efficiency of the thermoelectric module 3 is also affected by the too low temperature of the upper heat conducting plate 301, the liquid cooling module 4 is used for carrying out heat preservation treatment on the upper heat conducting plate 301.
Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 6, the working power of the thermoelectric module 3 in the cooling mode and the heating mode of the present embodiment may change along with the change of the working condition of the battery pack:
a: when the thermoelectric module 3 is operated in the cooling mode, the decision deployment unit 502 determines that the temperature average value T of the temperature monitoring unit 501 is greater than T 1min Less than T 1max When the power supply module 6 supplies small forward current to the thermoelectric module 3, the thermoelectric module 3 performs refrigeration with low power, and the decision deployment unit 502 determines that the temperature average value T of the temperature monitoring unit 501 is greater than or equal to T 1max When the thermoelectric module 3 is in the high-power state, the power supply module 6 supplies large forward current to the thermoelectric module 3, and the thermoelectric module 3 performs refrigeration with high power;
b: when the thermoelectric module 3 is operated in the heating mode, the decision deployment unit 502 determines that the temperature average value T of the temperature monitoring unit 501 is smaller than T 2max Greater than T 2min When the power supply module 6 supplies a small reverse current to the thermoelectric module 3, the thermoelectric module 3 heats at a low power, and the decision deployment unit 502 determines that the average temperature T of the temperature monitoring unit 501 is less than or equal to T 2min When the power supply module 6 supplies a large reverse current to the thermoelectric module 3, the thermoelectric module 3 heats at high power.
In addition, the circulating pump 402 of the liquid cooling module 4 of the present embodiment is related to the working power of the thermoelectric module 3, that is, the magnitude of the current that the power supply module 6 supplies to the circulating pump 402 and the thermoelectric module 3 is positively correlated, so that the flow rate of the cooling medium pumped into the aluminum cooling plate 401 by the circulating pump 402 changes with the change of the cooling capacity or heating capacity of the thermoelectric module 3. When the thermoelectric module 3 is operated at high power, the circulating pump 402 also performs cooling or heat preservation treatment on the thermoelectric module 3 at high power, when the thermoelectric module 3 is operated at low power, the circulating pump 402 performs cooling or heat preservation treatment on the thermoelectric module 3 at low power, and the liquid cooling module 4 always satisfies the cooling and heat preservation requirements of the thermoelectric module 3 at the lowest power consumption, so that the overall power consumption of the battery thermal management system is reduced.
Claims (7)
1. A battery thermal management method integrating phase change and thermoelectric refrigeration, comprising a battery thermal management system comprising: a battery pack module (1), a battery pack support module (2), a thermoelectric module (3) and a liquid cooling module (4);
the battery pack support module (2) is of a hollow structure, a hollow part in the battery pack support module (2) is filled with phase change materials (102), holes are distributed on the battery pack support module (2), the sizes of the holes are matched with the sizes of battery units in the battery pack module (1), and the battery units of the battery pack module (1) are embedded into the holes of the battery pack support module (2);
the liquid cooling module (4) comprises a cooling plate (401) filled with cooling medium, a circulating pump (402) and a constant temperature medium box body (403), wherein the cooling plate (401) is connected with the constant temperature medium box body (403) through the circulating pump (402), the circulating pump (402) is used for pumping the cooling medium in the constant temperature medium box body (403) into the cooling plate (401), and the constant temperature medium box body (403) is used for keeping the temperature of the cooling medium within a certain range;
the thermoelectric module (3) comprises an upper heat conducting plate (301) and a lower heat conducting plate (302), wherein the lower heat conducting plate (302) is clung to the battery pack supporting module (2), and the upper heat conducting plate (301) is clung to the cooling plate (401);
the battery pack module (1) is connected with the core control module (5), the core control module (5) is connected with the power supply module (6), and the power supply module (6) is respectively connected with the thermoelectric module (3) and the liquid cooling module (4);
the power supply module (6) is used for leading the current to the circulating pump (402) and the thermoelectric module (3) to be positively correlated, so that the flow of the cooling medium pumped into the cooling plate (401) by the circulating pump (402) is changed along with the change of the refrigerating capacity or the heating capacity of the thermoelectric module (3);
when the thermoelectric module (3) operates at high power, the circulating pump (402) also operates at high power to cool or insulate the thermoelectric module (3);
when the thermoelectric module (3) operates at low power, the circulating pump (402) operates at low power to cool or insulate the thermoelectric module (3), and the liquid cooling module (4) always meets the cooling and insulating requirements of the thermoelectric module (3) with the lowest power consumption;
the core control module (5) is used for controlling the power supply module (6) to realize the mutual switching of three working modes, the temperature monitoring unit (501) of the core control module (5) is used for transmitting the battery unit temperature detected by each temperature sensor to the decision deployment unit (502) in a delta T time step, the decision deployment unit (502) is used for obtaining a temperature average value T after receiving the battery unit temperature, and judging the temperature average value T to obtain a decision signal, and the power supply module (6) is used for adjusting the current flowing into the thermoelectric module (3) and the liquid cooling module (4) and the current flowing into the thermoelectric module (3) according to the received decision signal;
the three modes of operation include:
(1): when the decision deployment unit (502) determines that the average value T of the temperatures of the temperature sensors of the temperature monitoring unit (501) is greater than or equal to T 1min When the power supply module (6) is used for supplying forward current to the thermoelectric module (3), the temperature of the thermoelectric module (3) close to the lower heat conducting plate (302) of the battery module (1) begins to be reduced to be a cold end, the thermoelectric module (3) works in a refrigerating mode, the thermoelectric module (3) is combined with the phase change material (102) to dissipate heat of the battery module (1), meanwhile, the temperature of the upper heat conducting plate (301) of the thermoelectric module (3) begins to be increased to be a hot end, and the upper heat conducting plate (301) is cooled by the liquid cooling module (4);
(2): when the decision deployment unit (502) determines that the average value T of the temperature monitoring unit (501) is greater than T 2max Less than T 1min When the thermoelectric module (3) is in a shutdown state, the thermoelectric module (3) only dissipates heat to the battery pack module (1) by the phase change material (102);
(3): when the decision deployment unit (502) decides that the temperature average value T of the temperature monitoring unit (501) is less than or equal to T 2max When the power supply module (6) is used for supplying reverse current to the thermoelectric module (3), the temperature of the thermoelectric module (3) close to the lower heat conducting plate (302) of the battery pack module (1) begins to rise to become a hot end, the conversion of the cold end and the hot end of the thermoelectric module (3) is realized, the thermoelectric module (3) works in a heating mode, the thermoelectric module (3) is combined with the phase change material (102) to preheat the battery pack module (1), meanwhile, the temperature of the upper heat conducting plate (301) of the thermoelectric module (3) begins to drop to become a cold end, and the liquid cooling module (4) is used for carrying out heat preservation treatment on the upper heat conducting plate (301).
2. The method for battery thermal management integrating phase change and thermoelectric refrigeration as recited in claim 1, wherein: the battery pack support module (2) is of an aluminum airtight hollow structure, honeycomb holes are distributed on the battery pack support module (2), and each battery unit is tightly embedded into the honeycomb holes of the battery pack support module (2).
3. The method for battery thermal management integrating phase change and thermoelectric refrigeration as recited in claim 1, wherein: the thermoelectric module (3) comprises a semiconductor component (303), wherein the semiconductor component (303) is formed by connecting a plurality of P-type semiconductors and N-type semiconductors which are equal in size in series in a crossing way through metal conductor plates, and an upper heat conducting plate (301) and a lower heat conducting plate (302) are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the semiconductor component (303).
4. The method for battery thermal management integrating phase change and thermoelectric refrigeration as recited in claim 1, wherein: the lower heat conducting plate (302) of the thermoelectric module (3) is tightly attached to the right upper side of the battery pack supporting module (2), the cooling plate (401) is tightly attached to the upper heat conducting plate (301) of the thermoelectric module (3), and a heat conducting silicone grease layer (101) is arranged among the battery pack module (1), the battery pack supporting module (2), the thermoelectric module (3) and the cooling plate (401).
5. The method for battery thermal management integrating phase change and thermoelectric refrigeration as recited in claim 1, wherein: the cooling plate (401) of the liquid cooling module (4) is an aluminum cooling plate, the inside of the aluminum cooling plate is of a hollow structure, and the water inlet and the water outlet of the aluminum cooling plate are arranged on the same side.
6. The method for battery thermal management integrating phase change and thermoelectric refrigeration as recited in claim 1, wherein: the core control module (5) comprises a temperature monitoring unit (501) and a decision deployment unit (502), wherein the temperature monitoring unit (501) comprises a temperature sensor arranged on the surface of each battery unit, and the decision deployment unit (502) is used for averaging the temperatures of the battery units collected by the temperature monitoring unit (501) and carrying out the next determination through a preset program.
7. The method for battery thermal management integrating phase change and thermoelectric refrigeration as recited in claim 1, wherein: the working power of the thermoelectric module (3) in the refrigerating mode and the heating mode can be changed along with the change of the working condition of the battery pack module (1):
a, when the thermoelectric module (3) works in a refrigerating mode, the decision deployment unit (502) judges that the temperature average value T of the temperature monitoring unit (501) is larger than T 1min Less than T 1max When the power supply module (6) supplies small forward current to the thermoelectric module (3), the thermoelectric module (3) performs refrigeration with low power, and the decision deployment unit (502) determines that the temperature average value T of the temperature monitoring unit (501) is more than or equal to T 1max When the thermoelectric module (3) is in a high-power state, the power supply module (6) supplies positive large current to the thermoelectric module (3), and the thermoelectric module (3) performs refrigeration with high power;
b, when the thermoelectric module (3) works in a heating mode, the decision deployment unit (502) judges that the temperature average value T of the temperature monitoring unit (501) is smaller than T 2max Greater than T 2min When the power supply module (6) supplies reverse small current to the thermoelectric module (3), the thermoelectric module (3) heats at low power, and the decision deployment unit (502) determines that the temperature average value T of the temperature monitoring unit (501) is smaller than or equal to T 2min When the thermoelectric module (3) heats with high power, the power supply module (6) supplies large reverse current to the thermoelectric module (3).
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