CN106374162B - A method and device for thermal management of battery module based on thermoelectric effect - Google Patents
A method and device for thermal management of battery module based on thermoelectric effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN106374162B CN106374162B CN201610944434.6A CN201610944434A CN106374162B CN 106374162 B CN106374162 B CN 106374162B CN 201610944434 A CN201610944434 A CN 201610944434A CN 106374162 B CN106374162 B CN 106374162B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
- H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
- H01M10/6572—Peltier elements or thermoelectric devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of battery modules thermal management algorithm and device based on pyroelectric effect, battery pack box house, in the thermal conducting path formed by battery modules-heat carrier-semiconductor heat electrical component-liquid thermal conductivity channel, the battery modules thermal management algorithm includes two kinds of operating modes: executing refrigeration mode under high temperature environment, semiconductor heat electrical component upper temp drops to environment temperature or less, as chill surface, semiconductor heat electrical component temperature of lower rises, as radiating surface, the heat of generation carries discharge by liquid thermal conductivity channel；Heating mode is executed at low ambient temperatures, semiconductor heat electrical component upper temp rises, and becomes heating surface, is heated battery modules temperature to reach normal operating temperature range by heat carrier heat transfer, semiconductor heat electrical component temperature of lower decline simultaneously, becomes heat-absorbent surface.This method and device collection refrigeration calorify one, and compact-sized, heat transfer efficient can guarantee that battery works in optimum temperature environment always, have a good application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automobile-used energy-storage battery field of radiating more particularly to a kind of battery modules heat pipes based on pyroelectric effect
Manage method and device.
Background technique
Energy-storage battery such as lithium ion battery energy density is high, and small in size, cycle life is longer, in electric passenger vehicle, commercial affairs
Application potential is very big on vehicle.However since temperature increases influence self performance and circulation longevity to lithium ion battery in charge and discharge process
Life, excessively high temperature even cause thermal runaway, lead to the accidents such as spontaneous combustion, explosion, conventional lithium cobaltate cathode material battery temperature
It needs to control within 50 degrees Celsius, to avoid thermal runaway and explosion on fire, improves safety.With battery material and technique
Progress, although can be promoted by the battery operating temperature of positive electrode of LiFePO4 to 60 degrees Celsius or higher, with temperature
Spend further up, battery capacity decaying is obvious, and thermal runaway and Ignition Phenomena still can occur at high temperature.On the other hand, exist
The internal resistance of cell is big under low temperature, poor activity, difficulty in starting.Therefore it studies power lithium-ion battery thermal management technology and its implements especially
Urgently.
The cooling battery of air-cooled or liquid cooling mode, conventional wind-cooling heat dissipating system is usually taken in power lithium-ion battery cooling system
Structure of uniting is simple, but heat dissipation effect is limited, and battery temperature uniformity is poor.Liquid cooling mode heat exchange efficiency is high, but it is cooled down
Ability is limited to environment temperature, and cooling water temperature obstructs battery heat dissipation up to 40 DEG C or more instead when hot weather.
It is carried out in the way of heat management is a kind of novel battery heat management by semiconductor heat electrical component, semiconductor heat electrical component one
As be made of bismuth tellurium semiconductor material, thermoelectric components are in energization since paltie effect forms chill surface and fever
Face, to realize the cooling to battery or heat effect.
Patent application CN 03274312.2 discloses a kind of battery type of cooling using semiconductor cooler, including battery
The refrigerator of case side side wall perimeter, the hot face of refrigerator and air cooling fin fitting, the fitting of refrigerator huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) pass cold plate, and by interior
Setting fan convection current, heat exchange passes cold plate and battery exchanges heat to enhance.Since the cross-ventilation coefficient of heat transfer is small, generally in tens W/m2K is left
There are multiple thermal resistances on the right side along journey from fan to other side battery, and heat exchanged thermoresistance is excessive, and refrigerator refrigerating efficiency is low.In addition, refrigeration
Device radiating surface fin can heat battery case close to battery case instead, and heat dissipation purpose is not achieved.
Patent application CN 201210054888.8 discloses a kind of battery cooling apparatus of semiconductor refrigerating recirculated water, moves
Power battery pack is connected to one for storing the external cooling water tank of coolant liquid by water inlet pipe and outlet pipe, cooling water tank and half
The connection of conductor cooling device, water inlet pipe are equipped with a water pump for pushing coolant liquid circulation, further include a controller, input terminal with
Temperature sensor and power battery pack circuit connection, output end are connect with semiconductor cooling device and pump circuit.Semiconductor system
The chill surface of cold element is close to connection with cold aluminium is passed, and radiating surface is close to connection with air-cooled radiating device；Pass cold aluminium be set to it is described
In cooling water tank, for reducing cooling water temperature, cooling water is connected again to reduce battery temperature with battery pack.The technical solution
It is disadvantageous in that, since the heating surface calorific value of semiconductor refrigerating element is big, had both included the heat that chill surface absorbs, and also included
The heat that refrigeration electrical power is converted, using wind-cooling heat dissipating low efficiency, efficiency of freezing is limited.In addition, semiconductor refrigerating element away from
It is remote from battery, it needs to reheat battery pack by refrigeration water tank and pipeline institute's reservoir storage, power consumption is big, and water route is along Cheng Lengliang
Loss is big, and thermal response speed is slow, and refrigerating efficiency is insufficient.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in provide a kind of battery modules heat management device based on pyroelectric effect
And method, the present invention is in battery case, the compact setting semiconductor heat electrical component in the lower part of battery modules, passes through leading for high-termal conductivity
Hot body and battery form thermal conducting path, under megathermal climate environment and execute different operating modes under microthermal climate environment, have
Have that thermal response speed is fast, temperature control is accurate, noiseless, applies in energy storage lithium ion battery, electricity can be reduced in hot weather
Pond temperature can heat battery in severe cold weather, be greatly improved battery life and job stability, also, described device structure
Compact, small volume is conducive to arrangement in a limited space.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of battery modules thermal management algorithm based on pyroelectric effect, it is characterised in that:
Battery modules-heat carrier of battery pack box house-semiconductor heat electrical component-liquid thermal conductivity channel forms thermally conductive logical
Heat-conducting liquid suction circulation in liquid thermal conductivity channel is formed liquid heat exchange access, institute by road, the pump machine outside battery pack cabinet
Stating battery modules thermal management algorithm includes two kinds of operating modes:
Execute refrigeration mode under high temperature environment, semiconductor heat electrical component upper temp drop to environment temperature hereinafter, at
For chill surface, and battery modules temperature is reduced to by environment temperature by heat carrier heat transfer hereinafter, semiconductor thermoelectric group simultaneously
Part temperature of lower rises, and becomes radiating surface, and pump machine is opened at this time, and the heat that radiating surface generates passes through thermally conductive in liquid heat exchange access
The circulation of liquid carries discharge；
Heating mode is executed at low ambient temperatures, and semiconductor heat electrical component upper temp rises, and becomes heating surface, by leading
Hot body heat conduction heats battery modules temperature to reach normal operating temperature range, while semiconductor heat electrical component lower part temperature
Degree decline, becomes heat-absorbent surface, if heat-absorbent surface temperature is lower than environment temperature, pump machine is opened, conductive fluid in liquid heat exchange access
The cyclic absorption amount of heat of body exchanges heat, and starts to work and generates heat with battery modules, and heat-absorbent surface temperature gradually rises, until being equal to
Or it is higher than environment temperature, at this time without using the cycle heat exchange of heat-conducting liquid in liquid heat exchange access, pump machine is closed, and passes through electricity
Pond lodge body directly exchanges heat.
A kind of device of the battery modules thermal management algorithm using above-mentioned based on pyroelectric effect, it is characterised in that:
In battery pack box house, from top to bottom sequentially it is close to configuration battery modules, heat transfer support plate, semiconductor thermoelectric group
Heat transfer support plate is close in part and liquid thermal conductivity channel, and the even multiple heat carriers of cloth in battery modules, heat carrier lower part, in which:
Heat transfer support plate is horizontal, and battery pack cabinet wall is close in edge；
Semiconductor heat electrical component includes that horizontal the first heat exchanger plate and the second heat exchanger plate and vertically-arranged are tightly attached to the two
Between several thermoelectric units, each thermoelectric unit includes several pairs of p-type thermoelectric arms and N-type thermoelectric arm being electrically connected in series,
Series/parallel is electrically connected between thermoelectric unit；The positive and negative anodes of single semiconductor heat electrical component directly with it is straight outside battery pack cabinet
Flow power positive cathode electrical connection；Alternatively, after the electrical connection of multiple semiconductor thermoelectric component series/parallels, positive and negative anodes again with battery pack
DC power supply electricity positive and negative anodes connection outside cabinet；Also, the current direction of semiconductor heat electrical component allows hand over；
Liquid thermal conductivity channel is located at the battery pack bottom of box, and heat-conducting liquid is contained in liquid thermal conductivity channel, and corresponding liquid is led
The both ends port of the passage of heat, opens up inlet and liquid outlet on battery pack cabinet, and liquid thermal conductivity channel passes through battery pack cabinet
The pump machine of exterior arrangement is connected to external heat exchanger.
Refrigeration mode is executed in hot weather, due to paltie effect, first heat exchange on semiconductor heat electrical component top
Plate is cold plate, and rapid drop in temperature to environment temperature, can be by battery temperature hereinafter, radiated by heat transfer support plate, heat carrier
Degree is reduced to environment temperature hereinafter, and the second heat exchanger plate of semiconductor heat electrical component lower part is heat sink, the heat generated
It is discharged by liquid thermal conductivity channel and external heat exchanger；Heating mode, semiconductor heat are switched under cold low temperature environment
Electrical component positive and negative umpolung makes first heat exchanger plate on semiconductor heat electrical component top become heating plate, by leading after energization
Hot support plate, heat carrier heating, rise battery temperature, reach normal operating temperature range, and under semiconductor heat electrical component
Second heat exchanger plate in portion is absorber plate, if the second heat exchanger plate temperature, which is equal to, is higher than environment temperature, pump machine is closed, if the
Two heat exchanger plate temperature are lower than environment temperature, and pump machine is opened, and the second heat exchanger plate passes through the heat-conducting liquid in liquid thermal conductivity channel
Amount of heat is absorbed, and battery is heated by the first heat exchanger plate, heat transfer support plate.
Further, the heat carrier is the rectangular plate-like heat transmission fin for being parallel to battery configuration, the battery modules
Multiple square brick shape battery stacks are horizontal or vertically-arranged in column:
If battery stack is horizontal, upright parallel configures multiple rows of thermally conductive supporting vertical plate above the heat transfer support plate, thermally conductive
Heat transfer support plate is close in supporting vertical plate lower end, and the adjacent thermally conductive supporting vertical plate of two rows, adjacent two layers are close in the battery both ends of stacking
A piece of heat transmission fin is configured between battery, alternatively, configuring one layer of battery between two panels heat transmission fin, heat transmission fin is close to adjacent
Battery, left and right two ora terminalis are close to the adjacent thermally conductive supporting vertical plate of two rows；
If battery vertically-arranged in column, a piece of heat transmission fin is configured between two column batteries, alternatively, matching between two panels heat transmission fin
One piece of battery is set, alternatively, the ipsilateral corresponding a piece of heat transmission fin of configuration of each column battery, heat transmission fin are close to adjacent battery, under
It is close to heat transfer support plate in end；
Heat-conducting pad is configured or not configured between battery and the binding face of heat transmission fin；If configuring heat-conducting pad, lead
The size of heat pad piece and the size of battery and the binding face of heat transmission fin match, and heat-conducting pad is graphite heat-conducting fin, graphene
Thermally conductive sheet or organosilicon thermally conductive sheet, heat-conducting pad are connected with heat transmission fin and battery respectively by gum.
Battery-heat transmission fin-heat transfer support plate thermal conducting path, by the heat transmission fin of high-termal conductivity and single battery and
The directly contact of heat transfer support plate carries out heat transfer, and the coefficient of heat transfer is big, and thermal response speed is fast, and heat transfer efficiency is high, and each electricity
Pond, single battery each position temperature it is uniform, ensure that the working efficiency of battery, and the good reliability that battery uses；
Opposite battery and heat transmission fin, the flexibility of heat-conducting pad is good, can reduce interface thermal conduction resistance, improves heating conduction, and delay
Rush mechanical stress.
Further, the heat carrier includes the heating column for being in the form of a column vertical configuration and the thermally conductive diffuser plate of landscape configuration,
Multiple cylindrical batteries of the battery modules are in rectangular vertical configuration, are closely sleeved in the aperture of thermally conductive diffuser plate, thermally conductive
Column upper end is fastened on thermally conductive diffuser plate bottom, and heat transfer support plate is close in lower end, and it is rectangular that battery is located at surrounding for four heating columns
At center, battery is not contacted with heating column.
Heating column cross sectional shape is rectangular, round, star or other similar, with biggish thermally conductive outer rim section shapes
Shape forms by the thermally conductive diffuser plate of battery-- heating column-heat transfer support plate thermal conducting path, passes through the thermally conductive diffuser plate of high-termal conductivity
Heat transfer is carried out with single battery and directly contacting for heat transfer support plate with heating column, heating column has thermally conductive and support dual
Function.
Further, filling phase-change material layers or Embedding Material in the battery pack cabinet above the heat transfer support plate
Layer or insulating heat-conductive oil；Alternatively, the interior filling phase transformation material of battery pack cabinet between the heat transfer support plate and thermally conductive diffuser plate
Perhaps Embedding Material layer or insulating heat-conductive are oily for the bed of material；The phase-change material layers are the stone comprising phase transition temperature at 20~80 DEG C
One of wax, fatty acid phase-change material or a variety of phase-change material layers；The elasticity Embedding Material layer is greater than for thermal conductivity
Organosilicon, the urethane material of 0.2W/mK；The insulating heat-conductive oil is organic conduction oil that thermal conductivity is greater than 0.05W/mK.
Phase-change material layers or thermoplasticity Embedding Material layer have certain heat-conducting effect: latent heat of the phase-change material when dissolving
The partial heat of battery generation can be absorbed, and keep temperature-resistant, so that battery temperature thermal shock amplitude is reduced, in addition, logical
Thermally conductive diffuser plate, heating column and battery pack cabinet or heat transmission fin and battery pack cabinet are crossed, other part heat is exported, thus
Further decrease battery temperature；Thermoplasticity Embedding Material usually has heat filling, can also further strengthen thermally conductive, reduction heat
Impact can reduce mechanical stress, slow down mechanical shock in addition, thermoplasticity Embedding Material has preferable toughness and ductility.
Insulating heat-conductive oil is one kind of common synthetic oil or refined mineral oil, such as: alkyl benzene-type (benzenoid form) is thermally conductive
Oil, biphenyl and Biphenyl Ether eutectic conduction oil, organic silicone oil, the DowTherm conduction oil of typical brand such as DOW Chemical, in vehicle
In driving process, thermally conductive, the convection current comprehensive function that the liquid concussion of conduction oil generates are conducive to battery and radiate outward.
Further, the heat carrier is copper or iron heat carrier, alternatively, heat carrier is that outer surface covers one layer through anodic oxygen
After changing Passivation Treatment, the aluminium heat carrier or aluminium alloy heat carrier of the oxidation film layer with middle piezoelectricity dielectric strength；It is described thermally conductive
Support plate is that copper sheet or iron plate have alternatively, heat transfer support plate is that outer surface covers one layer after anodic oxidation passivation is handled
The aluminium sheet or aluminium alloy plate of the oxidation film layer of piezoelectricity dielectric strength, with a thickness of 0.5~20mm, with thermally conductive double with support
Weight function.Not only heat transfer efficiency is high and easy to process for the material selection of heat carrier, heat transfer support plate；Aluminium after anodic oxidation
Or its alloy, hardness and wearability are improved, horniness anode oxide film fusing point is up to 2320K, breakdown voltage resistant up to 2000V,
With excellent electrical insulating property.
Further, it is equipped with supporting rib stiffener between first heat exchanger plate and the second heat exchanger plate, the first heat is handed over
It changes plate and the second heat exchanger plate fixes as one；The battery pack bottom of box has thermally conductive Jia Qiang Zhu.Supporting rib stiffener is by low thermally conductive
Material is made, alternatively, being equipped with low heat conduction material between supporting rib stiffener and the first heat exchanger plate and the contact surface of the second heat exchanger plate
Backing strap piece, supporting rib stiffener only play the role of reinforcing semiconductor heat electrical component mechanical strength；Thermally conductive reinforcing rib not only increases electricity
The mechanical strength and impact resistance of pond module box body also increase the surface area of battery case, accelerate battery modules tank surface
Heat transfer effect.
Further, between first heat exchanger plate and heat transfer support plate, the second heat exchanger plate and liquid thermal conductivity channel 7
It is close together between top by interface thermal conductive material layer；The interface thermal conductive material layer is with polyurethane, organosilicon, epoxy
Resin or acrylic acid are matrix, and thermal conductivity is not less than the conducting adhesive glue-line of 0.2W/mK；Alternatively, first heat exchanger plate and
Second heat exchanger plate outer surface has the coat of metal, is connected respectively with heat transfer support plate and liquid thermal conductivity channel roof by welding
It connects.There are two effects for interface thermal conductive material layer tool: first is that guaranteeing that the thermal conductive contact face between semiconductor heat electrical component and battery is filled
Point, thermally conductive barrier caused by the air gap for avoiding regional area from being formed by reasons such as roughness, unevenness, assembly, second is that boundary
Face thermal conductive material layer can also play the role of being mechanically fixed and mitigating mechanical stress.
Further, the first heat exchanger plate 4 and the second heat exchanger plate 6 are ceramic mould electrical isolation heat exchanger plate, the p-type heat
Figure of merit ZT=0.5~2.4 of electric arm and N-type thermoelectric arm.
According to paltie effect, the heat absorption of thermoelectric components cold end is Qc=2NsITc under ideal cooling condition, and hot end heat release is
Qh=2NsITh, Qc is cold end caloric receptivity in formula, and N is thermoelectric arm logarithm, and s is Seebeck coefficient, and I is electric current, and Tc, Th are respectively
Cold and hot end temperature (K).Due to Joule heat and conduction effect comprehensive function, cold end caloric receptivity Qc, electrical power in practical
Qte, hot end thermal discharge Qh are expressed as (H.Y.Zhang, Y.C.Mui, M.Tarin, Analysis of
thermoelectric cooler performance for high power electronic packages,Applied
Thermal Engineering 30,2010, pp.561-568):
In above-mentioned formula: ρ, k, G are respectively thermoelectric arm resistivity, thermal coefficient and geometric parameter, be defined as area and
The ratio between height, Δ T are hot end and cold-end temperature difference.
It can be seen that the numerical value of Seebeck coefficient s is bigger, thermoelectric arm thermal coefficient k and electricalresistivityρ are smaller, then semiconductor
Thermoelectric components working efficiency is higher, and nondimensional figure of merit ZT=s2T/k is also bigger (wherein T indicates mean temperature).Pass through
P-type and N-type semiconductor is made in doped bismuth telluride alloy base material, by a p-type thermoelectric arm and a N-type thermoelectric arm metal water conservancy diversion
Plate connects, and constitutes a basic thermoelectric unit of semiconductor cooler.Document has been delivered according to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
(Zhiting Tian,Sangyeop Lee,Gang Chen,Heat Transfer in Thermoelectric
Materials and Devices, ASME J Heat Transfer135,2013, pp.061605-1), bismuth telluride ZT value can
Reach 0.5~1 or so, and novel bismuth telluride/antimony telluride composite thermoelectric material ZT value is up to 2.4.It, can basis in actual design
Thermoelectric components material, the temperature of hot and cold side, current range and need to control calorific value, temperature and the radiator structure of object into
Row optimization design.
Further, the liquid thermal conductivity channel is snakelike embedding tube passage or Pocket Machining channel, internal coolant body
For water-ethylene glycol combination cooling liquid.It is capable of providing high efficient heat exchanging coefficient, the coefficient of heat transfer is up to several hundred to up to ten thousand W/m2K, liquid are led
Passage of heat plate body surrounding is closely connected by welding, screw bolt reinforcing and battery pack cabinet, and semiconductor heat electrical component is installed at top
Second heat exchanger plate can carry out good heat exchange with semiconductor heat electrical component, and in cooling mode will by external heat exchanger
Heat dissipation is into atmosphere.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, it can guarantee that battery works in optimum temperature environment always.Since hot weather adds exposure in sunshine, electricity
Pond temperature can reach 50-60 DEG C, directly initiates battery and is possible to cause thermal runaway, the present invention is freezed using thermoelectric components, can be incited somebody to action
The battery temperature of overheat is down to 40 DEG C of environment temperature or less and reuses battery, greatly improves battery reliability and working performance.
2, the heat exchange structure of direct contact type, heat exchange efficiency are high.It is compared with the device of traditional refrigeration cycle water tank, this hair
It is bright thermoelectric components are directly arranged in battery bottom to freeze, reduce the intermediate ring of water tank refrigeration and pipeline loss of refrigeration capacity
Section, little power consumption, thermal response is fast, and system effectiveness is high, another aspect waste heat discharge can by the very high Water-cooling circulating of the coefficient of heat transfer with
And external heat exchanger, system effectiveness can further improve, and heat exchanger is avoided closely to lead to very much battery preheating effect from battery modules.
3, refrigeration, heating are integrated in one, compact-sized.The present apparatus can not only be freezed using thermoelectric components, in low temperature
Severe cold weather, the reversed electrified regulation of thermoelectric components, by extension fin structure arrangement can quickly heat battery to 0 degree Celsius with
On, it is compact-sized, it is suitable for Vehicular dynamic battery system.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of preferred structure when Fig. 1 is the radiating fin vertically-arranged of the present apparatus faces perspective diagram
Fig. 2 is that A-A is to section view along Fig. 1, another kind preferred structure structure schematic diagram when radiating fin vertically-arranged
Fig. 3 is that a kind of preferred structure when the radiating fin of the present apparatus is horizontal faces perspective diagram
Fig. 4 is that the present apparatus uses a kind of preferred structure when heating column to face perspective diagram
Fig. 5 is the B-B direction section view partial enlargement diagram of Fig. 4
Fig. 6 is the positive negative sense of direct current and temperature height variation signal when semiconductor heat electrical component freezes
Fig. 7 is the positive negative sense of direct current and temperature height variation signal when semiconductor heat electrical component heats
Fig. 8 is a kind of preferred structure in liquid thermal conductivity channel
Fig. 9 is that battery operation generates heat (single battery calorific value is in terms of 8W), and 50 DEG C of high-temperature battery is in the temperature for cooling down 600s
Degree develops computer artificial result
Figure 10 is under battery not operating condition, 50 DEG C of high-temperature battery is cooling down temperature evolution Computer Simulation in 600 seconds
As a result
Figure 11 is the Temperature Distribution computer artificial result of high-temperature battery (50 DEG C) in cooling 600s (battery does not generate heat)
Figure 12 is low temperature battery (- 30 DEG C) after heating 600s, and the Temperature Distribution computer artificial result for placing 120s is (every
A battery-heating amount is 8W)
In Fig. 1~12: 1 is battery modules, and 2 be heat transmission fin, and 3 be heat transfer support plate, and 4 be the first heat exchanger plate, and 5 be heat
Electric unit, 6 be the second heat exchanger plate, and 7 be liquid thermal conductivity channel, and 701 be groove, and 702 be water cooling wing plate, and 8 is vertical for thermally conductive support
Plate, 9 be heat-conducting pad, and 10 be interface thermal conductive material layer, and 11 be heating column, and 12 be supporting rib stiffener, and 13 be thermally conductive diffuser plate, 14
It is liquid outlet for inlet, 15,16 be battery pack cabinet, and 17 be phase-change material layers.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings.
Shown in as shown in Figure 1, Figure 3 and Figure 4, inside battery pack cabinet 16, from top to bottom sequentially it is close to configuration battery modules 1,
Heat transfer support plate 3, semiconductor heat electrical component and liquid thermal conductivity channel 7, and the even multiple heat carriers of cloth in battery modules 1, it is thermally conductive
Heat transfer support plate 3 is close in body lower part, forms battery modules-heat carrier-semiconductor heat electrical component-liquid thermal conductivity channel formation and leads
Heat passage, in which:
Heat transfer support plate 3 is horizontal, and 16 inner wall of battery pack cabinet is close in edge；
Semiconductor heat electrical component includes that horizontal the first heat exchanger plate 4 and the second heat exchanger plate 6 and vertically-arranged are tightly attached to two
Several thermoelectric units 5 between person, each thermoelectric unit 5 include several pairs of p-type thermoelectric arms and N-type thermoelectricity being electrically connected in series
Arm；Series/parallel is electrically connected between thermoelectric unit 5；After the electrical connection of multiple semiconductor thermoelectric component series/parallels, positive and negative anodes again with
DC power supply electricity positive and negative anodes connection outside battery pack cabinet 16；Also, the current direction of semiconductor heat electrical component allows hand over.
Supporting rib stiffener 12 is equipped between first heat exchanger plate 4 and the second heat exchanger plate 6, by the first heat exchanger plate 4 and the
Two heat exchanger plates 6 fix as one；16 bottom of battery pack cabinet is with thermally conductive plus strong Zhu；
Heat carrier is that outer surface covers one layer after anodic oxidation passivation is handled, the oxidation film with middle piezoelectricity dielectric strength
The aluminium heat carrier or aluminium alloy heat carrier of layer；Heat transfer support plate 3 is that outer surface covers one layer after anodic oxidation passivation is handled,
The aluminium sheet or aluminium alloy plate of oxidation film layer with middle piezoelectricity dielectric strength, with a thickness of 0.5~20mm.
Liquid thermal conductivity channel 7 is located at 16 bottom of battery pack cabinet, and heat-conducting liquid, corresponding liquid are contained in liquid thermal conductivity channel 7
The both ends port of body passage of heat 7, opens up inlet 14 and liquid outlet 15 on battery pack cabinet 16, and liquid thermal conductivity channel 7 is logical
The pump machine for crossing battery pack cabinet exterior arrangement is connected to external heat exchanger.
Refrigeration mode is executed in hot weather, due to paltie effect, first heat exchange on semiconductor heat electrical component top
Plate 4 be cold plate, rapid drop in temperature to environment temperature hereinafter, by heat transfer support plate 3, heat carrier radiate, can be by battery
Temperature is reduced to environment temperature hereinafter, and the second heat exchanger plate 6 of semiconductor heat electrical component lower part is heat sink.
Heating mode is switched under cold low temperature environment, the reversion of semiconductor heat electrical component positive and negative anodes makes half after energization
First heat exchanger plate on conductor thermoelectric components top becomes heating plate, is heated by heat transfer support plate, heat carrier, can be by battery temperature
Degree rises, and reaches normal operating temperature range, and the second heat exchanger plate of semiconductor heat electrical component lower part is absorber plate,
If the second heat exchanger plate temperature, which is equal to, is higher than environment temperature, pump machine is closed；If the second heat exchanger plate temperature is lower than environment temperature
Degree, liquid thermal conductivity channel are opened, and the second heat exchanger plate absorbs amount of heat by the heat-conducting liquid in liquid thermal conductivity channel, and leads to
Cross the first heat exchanger plate, heat transfer support plate heating battery.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 3, heat carrier is the rectangular plate-like heat transmission fin 2 for being parallel to battery configuration, and heat transmission fin 2 squeezes
Molding, or fixed between heat transfer support plate 3 by welding, splicing, with a thickness of 0.1~10mm, form the thermally conductive wing of battery-
Piece-heat transfer support plate-thermoelectric components-liquid cooling system thermal dissipating path.In Fig. 1, multiple square brick shape batteries of battery modules 1 are in column
Vertically-arranged, the battery pack cabinet 16 of 3 top of heat transfer support plate is interior to fill phase-change material layers 17, and the battery stack in Fig. 3 is horizontal.
In Fig. 3,3 top upright parallel of heat transfer support plate configures the thermally conductive supporting vertical plate 8 of 3 rows, and thermally conductive 8 lower end of supporting vertical plate is tight
The adjacent thermally conductive supporting vertical plates (8) of two rows are close at the battery both ends of patch 3,3 layer stackup of heat transfer support plate, between adjacent two layers battery
A piece of heat transmission fin 2 is configured, heat transmission fin 2 is close to adjacent battery, and it is vertical that left and right two ora terminalis is close to the thermally conductive support of adjacent two rows
Plate 8.
As shown in Figure 1, the ipsilateral corresponding a piece of heat transmission fin 2 of configuration of each column battery, as shown in Fig. 2, two panels heat transmission fin 2
Between configure one piece of battery, heat transmission fin 2 is close to adjacent battery, and heat transfer support plate 3 is close in lower end.
As shown in Figure 1, configure heat-conducting pad 9 between battery and the binding face of heat transmission fin 2, size and battery with it is thermally conductive
The size of the binding face of fin 2 matches, heat-conducting pad 9 be graphite heat-conducting fin, graphene thermally conductive sheet or organosilicon thermally conductive sheet,
Heat-conducting pad 9 is connected with heat transmission fin 2 and battery respectively by gum.
As shown in Figures 4 and 5, heat carrier includes the heating column 11 for being in the form of a column vertical configuration and the thermally conductive diffuser plate of landscape configuration
13, multiple cylindrical batteries of the battery modules 1 are in rectangular vertical configuration, are closely sleeved on the aperture of thermally conductive diffuser plate 13
Interior, 11 upper end of heating column is fastened on thermally conductive 13 bottom of diffuser plate, and heat transfer support plate 3 is close in lower end, and battery is located at four heating columns
At 11 square central surrounded, battery is not contacted with heating column, the battery pack between heat transfer support plate 3 and thermally conductive diffuser plate 13
Phase-change material layers 17 are filled in cabinet 16.
As shown in Figure 1, between the first heat exchanger plate 4 and heat transfer support plate 3, the second heat exchanger plate 6 and liquid thermal conductivity channel 7
It is close together between top by interface thermal conductive material layer 10；The interface thermal conductive material layer 10 be with polyurethane, organosilicon,
Epoxy resin or acrylic acid are matrix, and thermal conductivity is not less than the conducting adhesive glue-line of 0.2W/mK.
Liquid thermal conductivity channel 7 as shown in Figure 8 is Pocket Machining channel, has water cooling fin 702 and groove 701, conduit
Width dimensions have biggish heat exchange area and good exchange capability of heat between 10mm-0.3mm.
As shown in figs. 6-7, thermoelectric unit is connected by several pairs of p-types and N-type thermoelectric arm, several thermoelectric units are serial/parallel
It is unified into semiconductor heat electrical component.As shown in fig. 6, additional power source anode is connected with thermoelectric components cathode under refrigeration work mode,
Electronics is migrated to electric current opposite direction, forms refrigeration mode, and the first heat exchanger plate 4 is cold end (temperature Tc), the second heat exchanger plate 6
For hot end (temperature Th)；As shown in fig. 7, semiconductor heat electrical component is under heating work mode, additional power source anode and thermoelectricity
Component anode is connected, and forms heating mode.
Figure 10, Figure 11 are the calculating of the temperature evolution of high-temperature battery (50 DEG C) when semiconductor heat electrical component is 600 seconds cooling
Machine simulation result, battery do not start, calorific value zero.Using 2x3 array semi-conductor thermoelectric components, each thermoelectric components having a size of
50mm x 50mm, maximum calorific value Qcmax=310W, including 128 pairs of thermoelectric arms, battery modules include that 12 soft-package batteries are vertical
Formula is placed, each battery size 10cm x12cm x1cm, and is fitted closely with fin plate.Consider 40 DEG C of temperature, battery is because of vehicle body
Insolation reaches 50 DEG C, and under 8A electric current refrigeration work mode, edge battery and intermediate cell temperature gradually decline, and declines in 600s
To 21.9 DEG C and 24.5 DEG C, it can normally start trouble free service.Figure 10 shows that high-temperature battery (50 DEG C) is cooling in thermoelectric components
The Temperature Distribution computer artificial result of 600s (battery does not start).
As shown in figure 9, same battery module structure, if opening battery, single electricity in thermoelectric components refrigeration moment
Pond calorific value is 8W, 12 battery-heating 96W, and temperature still gradually declines under thermoelectric components 8A refrigeration mode situation, is making
At cold 600 seconds, edge battery and intermediate cell temperature gradually decline, and drop to 34 DEG C and 29 DEG C in 600s, are not influencing battery just
Often operation.
As shown in figure 12, (- 30 DEG C) under low temperature environment, thermoelectric components heating mode is opened, battery temperature gradually rises,
600s is heated in thermoelectric components, stands 120s later, it can be seen that battery temperature obviously on 0 DEG C, can normally start.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of battery modules heat management device based on pyroelectric effect, it is characterised in that:
It is internal in battery pack cabinet (16), from top to bottom sequentially it is close to configuration battery modules (1), heat transfer support plate (3), semiconductor
Thermoelectric components and liquid thermal conductivity channel (7), and the even multiple heat carriers of cloth in battery modules (1), heat carrier lower part are close to thermally conductive
Support plate (3), in which:
Heat transfer support plate (3) is horizontal, and battery pack cabinet (16) inner wall is close in edge；
Semiconductor heat electrical component includes that horizontal the first heat exchanger plate (4) and the second heat exchanger plate (6) and vertically-arranged are tightly attached to two
Several thermoelectric units (5) between person, each thermoelectric unit (5) include several pairs of p-type thermoelectric arms being electrically connected in series and N-type
Thermoelectric arm, series/parallel electrical connection between thermoelectric unit (5)；The positive and negative anodes of single semiconductor heat electrical component directly with battery lodge
The external DC power supply positive and negative anodes electrical connection of body (16)；Alternatively, after multiple semiconductor thermoelectric component series/parallel electrical connections, just
Cathode is connect with the DC power supply electricity positive and negative anodes of battery pack cabinet (16) outside again；Also, the electric current side of semiconductor heat electrical component
To allowing hand over；
Liquid thermal conductivity channel (7) is located at battery pack cabinet (16) bottom, and heat-conducting liquid is contained in liquid thermal conductivity channel (7), corresponding
The both ends port in liquid thermal conductivity channel (7) opens up inlet (14) and liquid outlet (15) on battery pack cabinet (16), and liquid is led
The passage of heat (7) is connected to by the pump machine of battery pack cabinet exterior arrangement with external heat exchanger；
Internal battery modules (1)-heat carrier-semiconductor heat electrical component-liquid thermal conductivity channel (7) of battery pack cabinet (16) are formed
Heat-conducting liquid suction circulation in liquid thermal conductivity channel (7) is formed liquid by thermal conducting path, the external pump machine of battery pack cabinet (16)
Body heat exchange access, the battery modules heat management device includes two kinds of operating modes:
Refrigeration mode is executed under high temperature environment, and semiconductor heat electrical component upper temp drops to environment temperature hereinafter, becoming system
Huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles), and battery modules (1) temperature is reduced to by environment temperature by heat carrier heat transfer hereinafter, semiconductor heat electrical component simultaneously
Temperature of lower rises, and becomes radiating surface, and pump machine is opened at this time, and the heat that radiating surface generates passes through conductive fluid in liquid heat exchange access
The circulation of body carries discharge；
Heating mode is executed at low ambient temperatures, and semiconductor heat electrical component upper temp rises, becomes heating surface, pass through heat carrier
Heat transfer heats battery modules (1) temperature to reach normal operating temperature range, while semiconductor heat electrical component lower part temperature
Degree decline, becomes heat-absorbent surface, if heat-absorbent surface temperature is lower than environment temperature, pump machine is opened, conductive fluid in liquid heat exchange access
The cyclic absorption amount of heat of body exchanges heat, and starts to work and generates heat with battery modules (1), heat-absorbent surface temperature gradually rises, until
At or above environment temperature, at this time without using the cycle heat exchange of heat-conducting liquid in liquid heat exchange access, pump machine is closed, and is led to
Battery pack cabinet (16) is crossed directly to exchange heat.
2. the battery modules heat management device according to claim 1 based on pyroelectric effect, it is characterised in that: described thermally conductive
Body is the rectangular plate-like heat transmission fin (2) for being parallel to battery configuration, and multiple square brick shape battery stacks of the battery modules (1) are horizontal
It sets or vertically-arranged in column:
If battery stack is horizontal, upright parallel configures multiple rows of thermally conductive supporting vertical plate (8) above the heat transfer support plate (3), leads
Heat transfer support plate (3) are close in hot supporting vertical plate (8) lower end, and the adjacent thermally conductive supporting vertical plate of two rows is close at the battery both ends of stacking
(8), it is configured between adjacent two layers battery a piece of heat transmission fin (2), alternatively, one layer of battery is configured between two panels heat transmission fin (2),
Heat transmission fin (2) is close to adjacent battery, and left and right two ora terminalis is close to the adjacent thermally conductive supporting vertical plate (8) of two rows；
If battery vertically-arranged in column, a piece of heat transmission fin (2) are configured between two column batteries, alternatively, between two panels heat transmission fin (2)
One piece of battery is configured, alternatively, the ipsilateral corresponding a piece of heat transmission fin (2) of configuration of each column battery, heat transmission fin (2) is close to adjacent
Heat transfer support plate (3) are close in battery, lower end；
It configures or does not configure heat-conducting pad (9) between battery and the binding face of heat transmission fin (2), if configuration heat-conducting pad
(9), the size of heat-conducting pad (9) and the size of battery and the binding face of heat transmission fin (2) match, and heat-conducting pad (9) is stone
Black thermally conductive sheet, graphene thermally conductive sheet or organosilicon thermally conductive sheet, heat-conducting pad (9) by gum respectively with heat transmission fin (2) and
Battery is connected.
3. the battery modules heat management device according to claim 1 based on pyroelectric effect, it is characterised in that: described thermally conductive
Body includes the thermally conductive diffuser plate (13) of the heating column (11) for being in the form of a column vertical configuration and landscape configuration, the battery modules (1)
Multiple cylindrical batteries are in rectangular vertical configuration, are closely sleeved in the aperture of thermally conductive diffuser plate (13), heating column (11) upper end
It is fastened on thermally conductive diffuser plate (13) bottom, heat transfer support plate (3) are close in lower end, and battery is located at surrounding for four heating columns (11)
At square central, battery is not contacted with heating column.
4. the battery modules heat management device according to claim 2 or 3 based on pyroelectric effect, it is characterised in that: institute
It states and fills phase-change material layers (17) perhaps Embedding Material layer or exhausted in the battery pack cabinet (16) above heat transfer support plate (3)
Edge conduction oil；Alternatively, the interior filling phase transformation of battery pack cabinet (16) between the heat transfer support plate (3) and thermally conductive diffuser plate (13)
Perhaps Embedding Material layer or insulating heat-conductive are oily for material layer (17)；
The phase-change material layers are comprising phase transition temperature in 20~80 DEG C of paraffin, one of fatty acid phase-change material or a variety of
Phase-change material layers；
The Embedding Material layer is organosilicon, the urethane material that thermal conductivity is greater than 0.2W/mK；
The insulating heat-conductive oil is organic conduction oil that thermal conductivity is greater than 0.05W/mK.
5. the battery modules heat management device according to claim 1 based on pyroelectric effect, it is characterised in that: described thermally conductive
Body is copper or iron heat carrier, alternatively, heat carrier is that outer surface covers one layer after anodic oxidation passivation is handled, it is exhausted with middle piezoelectricity
The aluminium heat carrier or aluminium alloy heat carrier of the oxidation film layer of edge intensity；The heat transfer support plate (3) be copper sheet or iron plate, or
Person, heat transfer support plate (3) are that outer surface covers one layer after anodic oxidation passivation is handled, the oxidation with middle piezoelectricity dielectric strength
The aluminium sheet or aluminium alloy plate of film layer, with a thickness of 0.5~20mm.
6. the battery modules heat management device according to claim 1 based on pyroelectric effect, it is characterised in that: described first
Supporting rib stiffener (12) are equipped between heat exchanger plate (4) and the second heat exchanger plate (6), by the first heat exchanger plate (4) and the second heat
Power board (6) fixes as one；Battery pack cabinet (16) bottom is with thermally conductive plus strong Zhu.
7. the battery modules heat management device according to claim 1 based on pyroelectric effect, it is characterised in that: described first
Between heat exchanger plate (4) and heat transfer support plate (3), pass through boundary between the second heat exchanger plate (6) and liquid thermal conductivity channel (7) top
Face thermal conductive material layer (10) is close together；The interface thermal conductive material layer (10) be with polyurethane, organosilicon, epoxy resin or
Acrylic acid is matrix, and thermal conductivity is not less than the conducting adhesive glue-line of 0.2W/mK；Alternatively, first heat exchanger plate (4) and second
Heat exchanger plate (6) outer surface has the coat of metal, passes through weldering at the top of heat transfer support plate (3) and liquid thermal conductivity channel (7) respectively
It connects in succession.
8. the battery modules heat management device according to claim 1 based on pyroelectric effect, it is characterised in that: described first
Heat exchanger plate (4) and the second heat exchanger plate (6) are that ceramic mould is electrically insulated heat exchanger plate, the p-type thermoelectric arm and N-type thermoelectric arm
Figure of merit ZT=0.5~2.4.
9. the battery modules heat management device according to claim 1 based on pyroelectric effect, it is characterised in that: the liquid
Passage of heat (7) is snakelike embedding tube passage or Pocket Machining channel, and heat-conducting liquid is water-ethylene glycol combination cooling liquid.
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