CN116027482A - Multimode optical path state switching unit and multimode optical switch - Google Patents
Multimode optical path state switching unit and multimode optical switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN116027482A CN116027482A CN202310062448.5A CN202310062448A CN116027482A CN 116027482 A CN116027482 A CN 116027482A CN 202310062448 A CN202310062448 A CN 202310062448A CN 116027482 A CN116027482 A CN 116027482A
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides a multimode optical routing state switching unit, comprising: the multimode input optical waveguide module comprises a first multimode input optical waveguide and a second multimode input optical waveguide, the multimode waveguide intersection structure comprises a first optical path and a second optical path which are intersected, the multimode output optical waveguide module comprises a first multimode output optical waveguide and a second multimode output optical waveguide, the multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure module comprises a multimode phase shifter and a multimode micro-ring resonator, the multimode phase shifter comprises a light guide structure and a refractive index regulating structure, the refractive index regulating structure is configured to change the refractive index of the light guide structure, the resonant wavelength of the multimode micro-ring resonator is related to the refractive index of the light guide structure, and the multimode micro-ring resonator is configured to couple a first multimode optical signal to the other end of the first optical path or the other end of the second optical path and couple a second multimode optical signal to the other end of the first optical path or the other end of the second optical path in response to the change of the resonant wavelength.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of optical communications technologies, and in particular, to a multimode optical routing state switching unit and a multimode optical switch.
Background
The optical interconnection has the advantages of high bandwidth, low delay, strong anti-interference performance and the like, and has important application in short-distance communication of high-performance computers, data centers and the like. The introduction of the mode division multiplexing (Mode Division Multiplexing, MDM) technology provides a solution to increasing the on-chip optical interconnect communication capacity.
Currently, in order to make an on-chip optical interconnection system adopting the MDM technology more flexible, a multimode optical switch capable of completing optical signal exchange is indispensable. Conventional optical switch arrays often support only a single mode and cannot be directly extended to multimode networks. The existing multimode optical switch mostly adopts a demultiplexing-switching-multiplexing mode, namely, the multimode optical signal to be processed is demultiplexed into a single-mode optical signal, and the single-mode optical signal is used for switching and then multiplexing into the multimode optical signal, but the scheme increases the complexity of an on-chip optical communication network, and has the problems of large device size, large loss, large adjustment and control difficulty and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve at least one technical problem of the foregoing and other aspects of the present invention, the present disclosure provides a multimode optical routing state switching unit and a multimode optical switch, in which a refractive index adjusting structure of a multimode phase shifter is configured to change a refractive index of a light guiding structure because a resonance wavelength of the multimode micro-ring resonator is related to the refractive index of the light guiding structure of the multimode phase shifter, so that the multimode micro-ring resonator couples a first multimode optical signal to the other end of a first optical path or the other end of a second optical path in response to the change of the resonance wavelength, and couples a second multimode optical signal to the other end of the first optical path or the other end of the second optical path, thereby realizing simultaneous adjustment and control of optical signals of a plurality of modes.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a multimode optical routing state switching unit, including: a multimode input optical waveguide module comprising: a first multimode input optical waveguide for inputting a first multimode optical signal to be processed; a second multimode input optical waveguide for inputting a second multimode optical signal to be processed; the multimode waveguide crossing structure comprises a first optical path and a second optical path which are intersected, wherein one end of the first optical path is connected with the first multimode input optical waveguide, and one end of the second optical path is connected with the second multimode input optical waveguide; a multimode output optical waveguide module comprising: a first multimode output optical waveguide communicating with the other end of the second optical path, and a second multimode output optical waveguide communicating with the other end of the first optical path; a multimode micro-ring light modulation structure module comprising: a multimode phase shifter comprising: a light guiding structure, and a refractive index regulating structure configured to change a refractive index of the light guiding structure; a multimode microring resonator having a resonant wavelength related to a refractive index of the light guiding structure, the multimode microring resonator being configured to couple the first multimode optical signal to the other end of the first optical path or the other end of the second optical path and to couple the second multimode optical signal to the other end of the first optical path or the other end of the second optical path in response to a change in the resonant wavelength.
According to some embodiments of the disclosure, the refractive index adjustment structure changes the refractive index of the light guide structure using a thermo-optic effect and an electro-optic effect.
According to some embodiments of the disclosure, the multimode waveguide cross structure further includes a first port, a second port, a third port, and a fourth port, wherein the first port is in communication with the first multimode input optical waveguide, the third port is in communication with the second multimode input optical waveguide, the second port is in communication with the first multimode output optical waveguide, and the fourth port is in communication with the second multimode output optical waveguide, wherein the first port and the fourth port are in communication with two ends of the first optical path, respectively, and the second port and the third port are in communication with two ends of the second optical path, respectively.
According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure module includes a first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure and a second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure, the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure is disposed between the first port and the second port, the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure is disposed between the third port and the fourth port, and the multimode phase shifter is disposed at an intersection away from the first optical path and the second optical path, and a pitch between the first port and the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure, a pitch between the second port and the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure, a pitch between the third port and the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure, and a pitch between the fourth port and the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure are all the same.
According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure is disposed between the first multimode input optical waveguide and the first multimode output optical waveguide, the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure is disposed between the second multimode input optical waveguide and the second multimode output optical waveguide, and the multimode phase shifter is disposed at a junction distant from the first optical path and the second optical path, and a pitch of the first multimode input optical waveguide and the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure, a pitch of the first multimode output optical waveguide and the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure, a pitch of the second multimode input optical waveguide and the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure, and a pitch of the second multimode output optical waveguide and the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure are all the same.
According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the waveguides of the multimode microring resonators of the first multimode microring optical modulation structure and the second multimode microring optical modulation structure are the same height; the radius of the multimode micro-ring resonator of the first multimode micro-ring light modulation structure is smaller than that of the multimode micro-ring resonator of the second multimode micro-ring light modulation structure; the waveguide width of the multimode micro-ring resonator of the first multimode micro-ring light modulation structure is larger than that of the multimode micro-ring resonator of the second multimode micro-ring light modulation structure.
According to some embodiments of the disclosure, the first port, the second port, the third port, and the fourth port have the same propagation constant as the multimode microring resonator, and the waveguide widths of the first port, the second port, the third port, and the fourth port are between the waveguide width of the multimode microring resonator of the first multimode microring optical modulation structure and the waveguide width of the multimode microring resonator of the second multimode microring optical modulation structure.
According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a multimode waveguide bending structure is disposed between the multimode waveguide intersecting structure and the first multimode input optical waveguide, the second multimode input optical waveguide, the first multimode output optical waveguide, and the second multimode output optical waveguide, respectively, and the multimode waveguide bending structure includes a first multimode straight waveguide, a multimode bending waveguide, and a second multimode straight waveguide that are sequentially connected.
According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first multimode input optical waveguide, the second multimode input optical waveguide, the first multimode straight waveguide, and the second multimode straight waveguide have the same waveguide cross-sectional dimensions.
According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a multimode optical switch includes any one of the multimode optical routing state switching units described above.
According to the multimode optical routing state switching unit and the multimode optical switch provided by the disclosure, as the resonant wavelength of the multimode micro-ring resonator is related to the refractive index of the light guide structure of the multimode phase shifter, the refractive index regulation structure of the multimode phase shifter is configured to change the refractive index of the light guide structure, so that the multimode micro-ring resonator couples a first multimode optical signal to the other end of a first optical path or the other end of a second optical path in response to the change of the resonant wavelength, couples a second multimode optical signal to the other end of the first optical path or the other end of the second optical path, and realizes simultaneous regulation of optical signals of a plurality of modes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a multimode optical routing state switching unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a portion of a multimode micro-ring optical modulation architecture module of the multimode optical routing state switching unit of the illustrative embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a multimode phase shifter of the multimode optical routing state switching unit of one exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a multimode phase shifter of the multimode optical routing state switching unit of another exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a multimode phase shifter of the multimode optical routing state switching unit of yet another exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a multimode waveguide crossover structure of the multimode optical routing state switching unit of the illustrative embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a pass-through state of a multimode optical routing state switching unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the cross states of a multimode optical routing state switching unit in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a pass-through state of a multimode optical routing state switching unit according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the cross states of a multimode optical routing state switching unit in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a multimode optical routing state switching unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a multimode waveguide bending structure of the multimode optical routing state switching unit of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 13 is a block diagram of a multimode optical routing state switching unit according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a multimode optical switch implemented based on a multimode optical routing state switching unit in an exemplary embodiment according to the present disclosure;
in the drawings, the reference numerals have the following meanings:
11. a multimode input optical waveguide module;
111. a first multimode input optical waveguide;
112. a second multimode input optical waveguide;
12. a multimode micro-ring light modulation structure module;
121. a first multimode micro-ring light modulation structure;
122. a second multimode micro-ring light modulation structure;
21. a multimode microring resonator;
22. a multimode phase shifter;
221. a hot electrode;
222. a light guiding structure;
223. a first doped region;
224. an electrode;
225. a second doped region;
226. a third doped region;
227. a fourth doped region;
228. a fifth doped region;
13. a multimode waveguide crossover structure;
31. a first port;
32. a second port;
33. a third port;
34. a fourth port;
14. multimode waveguide bending structure;
41. a first multimode straight waveguide;
42. multimode curved waveguides;
43. a second multimode straight waveguide;
15. a multimode output optical waveguide module;
151. a first multimode output optical waveguide;
152. a second multimode output optical waveguide;
A. multimode waveguide coupling region.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles and advantages of the disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and/or the like, as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.
All terms, including technical and scientific terms, used herein have the meaning commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be construed to have meanings consistent with the context of the present specification and should not be construed in an idealized or overly formal manner.
Where expressions like at least one of "A, B and C, etc. are used, the expression" system having at least one of A, B and C "shall be construed, for example, in general, in accordance with the meaning of the expression as commonly understood by those skilled in the art, and shall include, but not be limited to, systems having a alone, B alone, C alone, a and B together, a and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, C together, etc. Where a formulation similar to at least one of "A, B or C, etc." is used, such as "a system having at least one of A, B or C" shall be interpreted in the sense one having ordinary skill in the art would understand the formulation generally, for example, including but not limited to systems having a alone, B alone, C alone, a and B together, a and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, C together, etc.
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles and advantages of the disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a multimode optical routing state switching unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
According to the multimode optical routing state switching unit provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, as shown in fig. 1, the multimode optical routing state switching unit includes a multimode input optical waveguide module 11, a multimode waveguide crossover structure 13, a multimode output optical waveguide module 15 and a multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure module 12, wherein the multimode input optical waveguide module 11 includes a first multimode input optical waveguide 111 and a second multimode input optical waveguide 112, the first multimode input optical waveguide 111 is used for inputting a first multimode optical signal to be processed, the second multimode input optical waveguide 112 is used for inputting a second multimode optical signal to be processed, the multimode waveguide crossover structure 13 includes a first optical path and a second optical path which are intersected, one end of the first optical path is connected with the first multimode input optical waveguide 111, one end of the second optical path is connected with the second multimode input optical waveguide 112, the multimode output optical waveguide module 15 includes the first multimode output optical waveguide 151 and the second multimode output optical waveguide 152, the first multimode output optical waveguide 151 is communicated with the other end of the second optical path, the second multimode output optical waveguide 152 is communicated with the other end of the first optical path, the multimode optical modulation structure 12 includes a phase shifter 22 and a micro-ring resonator 21, the refractive index of the second multimode optical waveguide structure is changed to be coupled with the second optical resonator, or the refractive index of the other end of the second multimode resonator is changed to be adjusted and controlled by the second resonator, and the refractive index of the resonant structure is changed to be coupled to the second resonant optical resonator.
The multimode optical routing state switching unit provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can realize simultaneous regulation and control of optical signals of a plurality of modes, and the multimode optical routing state switching unit forms a multimode optical switch through cascading, so that expansion of ports is realized.
According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the multimode optical routing state switching unit may be implemented on a silicon substrate, but is not limited thereto.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the refractive index adjustment structure changes the refractive index of the light guiding structure using a thermo-optical effect and an electro-optical effect.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a portion of the multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure module 12 of the multimode optical routing state switching unit of the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 1, and fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the multimode phase shifter 22 of the multimode optical routing state switching unit of one exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure module 12 includes a multimode phase shifter 22 and a multimode micro-ring resonator 21, the multimode phase shifter 22 includes a light guiding structure 222 and a refractive index adjusting structure, as shown in fig. 3, a hot electrode 221 is located right above the light guiding structure 222, the refractive index adjusting structure is the hot electrode 221, the hot electrode 221 may be made of a resistive material such as titanium nitride (TiN) or tungsten metal, and the refractive index of the light guiding structure 222 is changed by the hot electrode 221 by using a thermo-optical effect. The thermo-optic effect refers to the change of the refractive index of a material with the change of temperature, and takes a silicon material as an example, the silicon material has a positive thermo-optic coefficient, and the refractive index increases with the increase of temperature. By fabricating the thermode 221 over the light guiding structure 222, the temperature of the light guiding structure 222 is further changed, thereby changing the refractive index of the light guiding structure 222.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a multimode phase shifter of a multimode optical routing state switching unit of another exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 4, the refractive index adjusting structure is a combination of an electrode 224 and a first doped region 223, the first doped regions 223 on two sides of the light guiding structure 222 are doped with the same P-type or the same N-type, and the temperature of the light guiding structure 222 is changed by using joule heat generated by the resistors under different bias voltages in a manner of forming resistors on two sides of the light guiding structure 222 by making the first doped regions 223.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a multimode phase shifter of a multimode optical routing state switching unit of yet another exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 5, the refractive index regulating structure is a combination of an electrode 224, a second doped region 225, a third doped region 226, a fourth doped region 227, and a fifth doped region 228. Taking silicon material as an example, the electro-optical effect refers to a phenomenon that the refractive index (or absorption coefficient) of the material changes with an applied electric field, and since silicon material does not have a linear electro-optical effect, the refractive index of silicon material is reduced with the increase of carrier concentration, usually by using the plasma dispersion effect of silicon. By adopting different doping modes to form the PN junction, the second doped region 225 can be selected to be P-type doped, the third doped region 226 can be selected to be N-type doped, and the voltage is applied to realize the extraction or injection of carriers in the light guide structure 222, so that the refractive index of the light guide structure 222 is changed, meanwhile, the fourth doped region 227 can be selected to be P-type heavily doped, the fifth doped region 228 can be selected to be N-type heavily doped, and the electrode 224 can be selected to be a low-resistivity material such as aluminum.
Fig. 6 is a block diagram of a multimode waveguide crossover structure of the multimode optical routing state switching unit of the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 1.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 6, the multimode waveguide crossing structure 13 further includes a first port 31, a second port 32, a third port 33 and a fourth port 34, the first port 31 is in communication with the first multimode input optical waveguide 111, the third port 33 is in communication with the second multimode input optical waveguide 112, the second port 32 is in communication with the first multimode output optical waveguide 151, the fourth port 34 is in communication with the second multimode output optical waveguide 152, wherein the first port 31 and the fourth port 34 are respectively in communication with both ends of the first optical path, and the second port 32 and the third port 33 are respectively in communication with both ends of the second optical path.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the ends of the first and second optical paths, i.e., the junctions of the first and fourth ports 31 and 34 with the first optical path and the junctions of the second and third ports 32 and 33 with the second optical path, of the multimode waveguide intersection structure 13 are tapered structures.
The multimode waveguide crossover structure 13 may be selected from a multimode interference coupler structure or a sub-wavelength grating based waveguide crossover structure according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 1, the multimode micro-ring light modulation structure module 12 includes a first multimode micro-ring light modulation structure 121 and a second multimode micro-ring light modulation structure 122, the first multimode micro-ring light modulation structure 121 is disposed between the first port 31 and the second port 32, the second multimode micro-ring light modulation structure 122 is disposed between the third port 33 and the fourth port 34, the multimode phase shifter 22 is disposed at an intersection away from the first optical path and the second optical path, and a pitch of the first port 31 and the first multimode micro-ring light modulation structure 121, a pitch of the second port 32 and the first multimode micro-ring light modulation structure 121, a pitch of the third port 33 and the second multimode micro-ring light modulation structure 122, and a pitch of the fourth port 34 and the second multimode micro-ring light modulation structure 122 are all the same.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first port 31, the second port 32, the third port 33, and the fourth port 34 have the same propagation constant as the multimode microring resonator 21, and the waveguide widths of the first port 31, the second port 32, the third port 33, and the fourth port 34 are between the waveguide width of the multimode microring resonator 21 of the first multimode microring optical modulation structure 121 and the waveguide width of the multimode microring resonator 21 of the second multimode microring optical modulation structure 122.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the first port 31, the second port 32, the third port 33 and the fourth port 34 can meet the phase matching condition when the propagation constants of the multimode microring resonator 21 are the same, so that conversion between different modes of the optical signal can be realized.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the waveguide heights of the multimode microring resonators 21 of the first multimode microring light modulation structure 121 and the second multimode microring light modulation structure 122 are the same, the radius of the multimode microring resonator 21 of the first multimode microring light modulation structure 121 is smaller than the radius of the multimode microring resonator 21 of the second multimode microring light modulation structure 122, and the waveguide width of the multimode microring resonator 21 of the first multimode microring light modulation structure 121 is larger than the waveguide width of the multimode microring resonator 21 of the second multimode microring light modulation structure 122.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a pass-through state of a multimode optical routing state switching unit according to one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 7, the two routing states are a through state and a cross state, for example, the optical signals of TE0 (fundamental mode) and TE1 (first order mode) are simultaneously regulated, for example, the first multimode optical signal to be processed is input by the first multimode input optical waveguide 111, when the wavelength is λ 0 In TE0 mode, if the refractive index is adjusted, the resonant wavelength of the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121 is λ 0 I.e. the resonance condition is satisfied, the first multimode optical signal is coupled into the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121 at the first port 31, and meanwhile, since the TE0 mode in the first port 31 and the TE1 mode in the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121 satisfy the phase matching condition, the phase matching condition is that propagation constants of two waveguides with different widths are equal, the first multimode optical signal is converted from the TE0 mode to the TE1 mode, and is transmitted in the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121, and then is transmitted from the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure121 are coupled into the second port 32 and simultaneously converted from TE1 mode to TE0 mode and output from the first multimode output optical waveguide 151, exhibiting a through-state.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the cross states of a multimode optical routing state switching unit according to one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 8, the first multimode optical signal wavelength is λ 0 In TE0 mode, the resonant wavelength of the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121 is not equal to lambda 0 That is, the resonance condition is not satisfied, at the first port 31, the first multimode optical signal is interfered with the optical signal newly coupled into the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121 after the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121 surrounds a circle, only a very small part of the first multimode optical signal is coupled into the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121 by the first port 31, and the TE0 mode of the first multimode optical signal directly passes through the first optical path, and since neither TE0 mode in the first optical path nor TE0 mode nor TE1 mode in the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122 satisfy the phase matching condition, the coupling does not occur at the fourth port 34, and the output from the second multimode output optical waveguide 152 is represented as a cross state.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a pass-through state of a multimode optical routing state switching unit according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 9, the first multimode optical signal wavelength is λ 0 In TE1 mode, if the refractive index is adjusted, the resonant wavelength of the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122 is λ 0 That is, the resonance condition is satisfied, since neither the TE1 mode in the first port 31 nor the TE0 mode or the TE1 mode in the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121 satisfy the phase matching condition, no coupling occurs at the first port 31, the first multimode optical signal directly passes through the first optical path, and is coupled to the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122 at the fourth port 34, and simultaneously, since the TE1 mode in the fourth port 34 and the TE0 mode in the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122 satisfy the phase matching condition, the first multimode optical signal is converted from the TE1 mode to the TE0 mode and is transmitted in the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122, and thenAnd then coupled from the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122 into the third port 33, and simultaneously converted from TE0 mode to TE1 mode, and then output from the first multimode output optical waveguide 151 through the second optical path, which is in a straight-through state.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a cross state of a multimode optical routing state switching unit according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 10, the first multimode optical signal wavelength is λ 0 In TE1 mode, the resonant wavelength of the second multimode, microring optical modulation structure 122 is not equal to λ 0 That is, when the first multimode optical signal does not satisfy the resonance condition and is transmitted from the first port 31 to the fourth port 34 through the first optical path, the interference between the first multimode optical signal and the optical signal newly coupled into the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122 after the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122 surrounds one circle is cancelled, which means that the mode of the first multimode optical signal TE1 directly passes through the first optical path, so that the first multimode optical signal is output from the second multimode output optical waveguide 152 and is in a cross state.
The multimode optical routing state switching unit provided according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may implement simultaneous regulation and control of optical signals of multiple modes, and may implement simultaneous control of two modes of routing states (i.e., a through state and a cross state) by simultaneously regulating and controlling the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121 and the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a multimode optical routing state switching unit according to one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, as shown in fig. 6 and 11, by selecting the end portions of the first optical path and the second optical path, that is, the width of the tapered structure, and the lengths and widths of the first optical path and the second optical path, the self-mapping positions of different modes are overlapped, and the cross point in the multimode waveguide coupling region a is placed at the self-mapping position, so that smaller loss and crosstalk are realized. Alternatively, the multimode waveguide coupling region a may be implemented using a sub-wavelength grating structure or a reverse design method. The sub-wavelength grating is composed of grating medium (high refractive index material) and air (ground refractive material) medium. The reverse design method is a method utilizing the intersection of a computer and silicon light, and is a method for solving the device structure reversely by taking an expected result as a target and relying on intelligent algorithm and model training.
Fig. 12 is a block diagram of the multimode waveguide bending structure 14 of the multimode optical routing state switching unit of the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 1.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a multimode waveguide bending structure 14 is disposed between the multimode waveguide intersecting structure 13 and the first multimode input optical waveguide 111, the second multimode input optical waveguide 112, the first multimode output optical waveguide 151, and the second multimode output optical waveguide 152, respectively, and the multimode waveguide bending structure 14 includes a first multimode straight waveguide 41, a multimode bending waveguide 42, and a second multimode straight waveguide 43 connected in sequence.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first multimode input optical waveguide 111, the second multimode input optical waveguide 112, the first multimode straight waveguide 41 and the second multimode straight waveguide 42 have the same waveguide cross-sectional dimensions.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first, second, third, and fourth ports 31, 32, 33, 34 have the same waveguide cross-sectional dimensions as the first, second, first, and second multimode input optical waveguides 111, 112, 41, and 42.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, it is desirable to reduce loss by adjusting the bend radius of the multimode waveguide bend structure 14 to reduce cross-talk of different modes of optical signals. Alternatively, special curves such as euler curves and bezier curves can be used to realize adiabatic transformation, or multimode waveguide bending structures such as reverse design and sub-wavelength gratings can be used.
Fig. 13 is a block diagram of a multimode optical routing state switching unit according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 13, a first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121 is disposed between a first multimode input optical waveguide 111 and a first multimode output optical waveguide 151, a second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122 is disposed between a second multimode input optical waveguide 112 and a second multimode output optical waveguide 152, a multimode phase shifter 22 is disposed at an intersection away from the first optical path and the second optical path, and a pitch of the first multimode input optical waveguide 111 and the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121, a pitch of the first multimode output optical waveguide 151 and the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121, a pitch of the second multimode input optical waveguide 151 and the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122, and a pitch of the second multimode output optical waveguide 152 and the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122 are all the same.
Taking the first multimode input optical waveguide 111 as an example, according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first multimode optical signal to be processed is input when its wavelength is λ 0 In TE0 mode, if the refractive index is adjusted, the resonant wavelength of the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121 is λ 0 That is, the resonance condition is satisfied, the first multimode optical signal is coupled into the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121 at the first multimode input optical waveguide 111, and meanwhile, since the TE0 mode in the first multimode input optical waveguide 111 and the TE1 mode in the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121 satisfy the phase matching condition, the first multimode optical signal is converted from the TE0 mode to the TE1 mode, is transmitted in the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121, is then coupled into the first multimode output optical waveguide 151 from the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121, and is simultaneously converted from the TE1 mode to the TE0 mode, and is output from the first multimode output optical waveguide 151, and is represented as a through state.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first multimode optical signal has a wavelength λ 0 In TE0 mode, the resonant wavelength of the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121 is not equal to lambda 0 That is, the resonance condition is not satisfied, at the first multimode input optical waveguide 111, the interference between the first multimode optical signal and the optical signal newly coupled into the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121 after the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121 makes a circle is cancelled, which is shown that only a very small part of the first multimode optical signal is coupled into the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121 by the first multimode input optical waveguide 111, the first multimode optical signal passes through the first optical path directly in TE0 mode, and because neither TE0 mode in the first optical path nor TE0 mode nor TE1 mode in the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122 satisfy the phase matching condition, no coupling occurs at the second multimode output optical waveguide 152So that the output from the second multimode output optical waveguide 152 appears as a cross-over state.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first multimode optical signal has a wavelength λ 0 In TE1 mode, if the refractive index is adjusted, the resonant wavelength of the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122 is λ 0 That is, the resonance condition is satisfied, since neither TE1 mode in the first multimode input optical waveguide 111 nor TE0 or TE1 mode in the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121 satisfies the phase matching condition, no coupling occurs at the first multimode input optical waveguide 111, the first multimode optical signal directly passes through the first optical path, and is coupled into the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122 in the second multimode output optical waveguide 152, and simultaneously, since TE1 mode in the second multimode output optical waveguide 152 and TE0 mode in the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122 satisfy the phase matching condition, the first multimode optical signal is converted from TE1 mode to TE0 mode, transmitted in the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122, and then coupled into the second multimode input optical waveguide 152 from the second multimode micro-ring optical structure 122, and simultaneously converted from TE0 mode to TE1 mode, and then output from the first multimode output optical waveguide 151 through the second optical path, which is represented as a through-mode.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first multimode optical signal has a wavelength λ 0 In TE1 mode, the resonant wavelength of the second multimode, microring optical modulation structure 122 is not equal to λ 0 That is, when the resonance condition is not satisfied and the first multimode optical signal is transmitted from the first multimode input optical waveguide 111 to the second multimode output optical waveguide 152 through the first optical path, the interference between the first multimode optical signal and the optical signal newly coupled into the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122 after the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122 surrounds one circle is cancelled, which means that the first multimode optical signal TE1 mode directly passes through the first optical path, so that the first multimode optical signal is output from the second multimode output optical waveguide 152 and is in a cross state.
The multimode optical routing state switching unit provided according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may implement simultaneous regulation and control of optical signals of multiple modes, and may implement simultaneous control of two modes of routing states (i.e., a through state and a cross state) by simultaneously regulating and controlling the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 121 and the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure 122.
Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a multimode optical switch implemented based on a multimode optical routing state switching unit in an exemplary embodiment according to the present disclosure.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 14, ten multimode optical routing state switching units (S1 to S10) are utilized according to span-ene
Five-port (I1-I5/O1-O5) reconfigurable non-blocking multimode optical switch network formed by topological structure cascade. Alternatively, a mode division multiplexer or demultiplexer may be used as an auxiliary structure to achieve coupling of multiple modes into the multimode input optical waveguide module. Wherein the mode division multiplexing or demultiplexing device can adopt an asymmetric directional coupler structure.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the multimode optical routing state switching unit forms the multimode optical switch through cascading, so that the expansion of the ports can be realized.
It should be further noted that, the directional terms mentioned in the embodiments, such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., are only referring to the directions of the drawings, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Like elements are denoted by like or similar reference numerals throughout the drawings. Conventional structures or constructions will be omitted when they may cause confusion in understanding the present disclosure.
The embodiments of the present disclosure are described above. However, these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Although the embodiments are described above separately, this does not mean that the measures in the embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination. The scope of the disclosure is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof. Various alternatives and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the disclosure, and such alternatives and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A multimode optical routing state switching unit, comprising:
a multimode input optical waveguide module comprising:
a first multimode input optical waveguide for inputting a first multimode optical signal to be processed;
a second multimode input optical waveguide for inputting a second multimode optical signal to be processed; the multimode waveguide cross structure comprises a first optical path and a second optical path which are intersected, wherein one end of the first optical path is connected with the first multimode input optical waveguide, and one end of the second optical path is connected with the second multimode input optical waveguide;
a multimode output optical waveguide module comprising:
a first multimode output optical waveguide communicating with the other end of the second optical path, an
The second multimode output optical waveguide is communicated with the other end of the first optical path;
a multimode micro-ring light modulation structure module comprising:
a multimode phase shifter comprising:
light guide structure
A refractive index adjustment structure configured to change a refractive index of the light guide structure;
a multimode microring resonator having a resonant wavelength related to the refractive index of the light guide structure,
the multimode microring resonator is configured to couple the first multimode optical signal to the other end of the first optical path or the other end of the second optical path and to couple the second multimode optical signal to the other end of the first optical path or the other end of the second optical path in response to a change in a resonant wavelength.
2. The multimode optical routing state switching unit of claim 1, wherein the refractive index adjustment structure changes the refractive index of the light guide structure using a thermo-optical effect and an electro-optical effect.
3. The multimode optical routing state switching unit of claim 1, wherein the multimode waveguide crossover structure further comprises a first port in communication with the first multimode input optical waveguide, a second port in communication with the second multimode input optical waveguide, a third port in communication with the first multimode output optical waveguide, and a fourth port in communication with the second multimode output optical waveguide, wherein the first port and the fourth port are in communication with both ends of the first optical path, respectively, and the second port and the third port are in communication with both ends of the second optical path, respectively.
4. A multimode optical routing state switching unit according to claim 3, wherein the multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure module comprises a first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure and a second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure, the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure is disposed between the first port and the second port, the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure is disposed between the third port and the fourth port, the multimode phase shifter is disposed at an intersection away from the first optical path and the second optical path, and a pitch of the first port and the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure, a pitch of the second port and the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure, and a pitch of the third port and the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure, and a pitch of the fourth port and the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure are all the same.
5. A multimode optical routing state switching unit according to claim 3, wherein the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure is disposed between the first multimode input optical waveguide and the first multimode output optical waveguide, the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure is disposed between the second multimode input optical waveguide and the second multimode output optical waveguide, and the multimode phase shifter is disposed at a crossing junction away from the first optical path and the second optical path, and a pitch of the first multimode input optical waveguide and the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure, a pitch of the first multimode output optical waveguide and the first multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure, a pitch of the second multimode input optical waveguide and the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure, and a pitch of the second multimode output optical waveguide and the second multimode micro-ring optical modulation structure are all the same.
6. The multimode optical routing state switching unit of claim 4, wherein the waveguides of the multimode microring resonators of the first multimode microring optical modulation structure and the second multimode microring optical modulation structure are the same height; the radius of the multimode micro-ring resonator of the first multimode micro-ring light modulation structure is smaller than that of the multimode micro-ring resonator of the second multimode micro-ring light modulation structure; the waveguide width of the multimode micro-ring resonator of the first multimode micro-ring light modulation structure is larger than that of the multimode micro-ring resonator of the second multimode micro-ring light modulation structure.
7. The multimode optical routing state switching unit of claim 4, wherein the first port, the second port, the third port, the fourth port and the multimode microring resonator have a propagation constant that is the same, and wherein the waveguide widths of the first port, the second port, the third port, and the fourth port are between the waveguide widths of the multimode microring resonator of the first multimode microring optical modulation structure and the waveguide widths of the multimode microring resonator of the second multimode microring optical modulation structure.
8. The multimode optical routing state switching unit according to claim 1, wherein multimode waveguide bending structures are respectively arranged between the multimode waveguide intersecting structure and the first multimode input optical waveguide, the second multimode input optical waveguide, the first multimode output optical waveguide, and the second multimode output optical waveguide, and each multimode waveguide bending structure comprises a first multimode straight waveguide, a multimode bending waveguide, and a second multimode straight waveguide which are sequentially connected.
9. The multimode optical routing state switching unit of claim 8, wherein the first multimode input optical waveguide, the second multimode input optical waveguide, the first multimode straight waveguide, and the second multimode straight waveguide have the same waveguide cross-sectional dimensions.
10. A multimode optical switch comprising a multimode optical routing state switching unit according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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