CN115926257A - 一种果蔬包装用载银tempo氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖抗菌保鲜膜的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种果蔬包装用载银tempo氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖抗菌保鲜膜的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于功能材料领域,涉及一种果蔬包装用载银TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖抗菌保鲜膜的制备方法及其应用。包括:将TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素均匀分散,加入银氨溶液置于微波反应釜中反应获得固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素。然后,将壳聚糖溶于冰醋酸中,加入制备的载银氧化纳米纤维素,采用流延蒸发法制备得到固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖复合膜。与现有技术相比,本发明使用TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素作为还原剂、稳定剂和固定化剂,不添加任何化学还原剂和稳定剂,还原效率高、成本低、无毒性;微波辅助催化效率高、低能耗;借助壳聚糖的成膜性提高纳米银固定效果,降低其过快释放的累计毒性问题,并使其在果蔬持久抗菌保鲜领域得到应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能材料领域,具体涉及一种固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖持久抗菌保鲜膜的制备方法,可用于果蔬包装等相关领域。
背景技术
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解,而不必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
随着人们生活水平的不断提高,对果蔬品质的需求扩大以及对不可降解化石产品的过度使用造成了生态环境的不断恶化。如何在维持果蔬品质的同时发展可降解的绿色无污染抗菌保鲜材料体系是人类面临的重要挑战之一。膜包装是维持果蔬采后品质和延长货架期的常用技术之一,具有成本低、操作简单、适用度广的优点,是一种普遍使用的果蔬保鲜贮藏材料。然而传统膜材料往往具有孔隙率低效果不佳的缺点,而且具有生物不可降解性,不利于环境保护。另外,传统膜材料无法主动杀灭细菌等微生物,不能降低腐烂变质问题,这体现在保鲜过程中细菌等微生物繁殖而造成大量损耗。因此,需要采用绿色、高效、可降解的方法提高果蔬保鲜膜材料的抗菌活性及保鲜效果。
纳米银是一种纳米级别的金属银单质,具有广谱抗菌的特点,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌等40多种常见的致病微生物有良好的抑制、杀灭作用。TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素是一种绿色、可再生、环境友好的生物质资源,其分子链中含有大量的还原性官能团,可在不添加化学还原剂的情况下,绿色高效的还原制备贵金属纳米银,且能够依靠纤维本身的长链结构实现原位固定,还可与成膜性较好的壳聚糖复合成抗菌保鲜膜,具有广阔的应用前景。这种制备方式能耗较低、操作简单、绿色环保、得率较高、产物均一、对设备要求不高、可大规模生产,将这种固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖复合膜应用在果蔬持久抗菌保鲜包装领域将是一项很有前景的技术。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提出了一种抗菌保鲜效果明显、机械物理性能优异、操作简单、绿色环保、可生物降解的果蔬包装用持久保鲜抗菌复合膜及其制备方法与应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明的第一个方面,提供了一种果蔬包装用固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖持久抗菌保鲜膜的制备方法,包括:
将TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素均匀分散,加入银氨溶液并混合均匀,得到混合溶液;
将所述混合溶液在微波条件下进行反应,待反应完毕后,透析出未反应完的银氨溶液,得到固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素;
将壳聚糖溶于冰醋酸溶液中,加入所述固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素,均质分散,再进行超声处理,最后采用流延蒸发法将混合液体置于模具中,干燥后,即得;
其中,所述壳聚糖与固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素的质量体积比为0.1~0.3g:2mL~10mL。
本发明的第二个方面,提供了上述的方法制备的果蔬包装用固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖复合抗菌保鲜膜。
本发明的第三个方面,提供了上述的果蔬包装用固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖复合抗菌保鲜膜在果蔬的持久抗菌保鲜包装中的应用,其特征在于,所述果蔬包括:草莓、荔枝、葡萄、香蕉、圣女果、生菜、白菜、黄瓜。
本发明的有益效果
(1)本发明使用TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素作为还原剂、稳定剂和固定化剂,不添加任何化学还原剂和稳定剂,制备方法简单、绿色、还原效率高、成本低、无毒性;
(2)本发明借助微波辅助的制备方法催化效率高、还原效果好、低能耗;
(3)本发明借助壳聚糖的成膜性进一步提高纳米粒子的固定效果,实现二次固定,降低纳米银的过快释放,解决累积毒性问题,并使其在果蔬持久抗菌保鲜领域得到应用。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示例性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1为固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素(插图为纳米银粒径分布)(a)和纳米银(b)的电镜图;
图2为不同复合膜对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌圈效果图以及对两种细菌杀灭前后对比的扫描电镜图:(a)为金黄色葡萄球菌,(d)为大肠杆菌,(b)为正常的金黄色葡萄球菌,(c)为复合膜杀灭后死亡的金黄色葡萄球菌,(e)为正常大肠杆菌,(f)为复合膜杀灭后死亡的大肠杆菌;
图3为不同复合膜对圣女果的保鲜效果图;
图4为不同复合膜对草莓的保鲜效果图。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是示例性的,旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本发明使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
一种固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖复合膜的制备及其用于果蔬持久抗菌保鲜的方法,将一定量的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素均匀分散,加入定量银氨溶液并充分搅拌,将混合溶液放入微波反应釜中反应,待反应完毕后放入透析袋中透析出未反应完的银氨溶液,获得固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素;将一定量的壳聚糖溶于冰醋酸溶液中,加入定量上述制备的固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素,使用均质机均匀分散,再对混合溶液进行超声处理,最后采用流延蒸发法将混合溶液置于模具中,干燥后得到果蔬包装用固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖复合抗菌保鲜膜。
在一些实施例中,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素的制备:将1~5g TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素加到100mL去离子水中,通过均质机均匀分散,然后按照5:2的质量比加入0.025M~0.3M的银氨溶液,使用玻璃棒搅拌均匀,将混合液置于微波反应釜中,在功率600~1000W,温度40~100℃下反应20~60min,反应完成后透析出未反应完的银离子,得到固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素。
(2)果蔬包装用固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖复合抗菌保鲜膜的制备:将0.5~1.5g壳聚糖溶于100mL 0.1wt%的冰醋酸溶液中,使用均质机搅拌2min至壳聚糖完全溶解,随即加入10mL~50mL步骤(1)得到的固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素,使用均质机混合均匀,经超声处理后采用流延蒸发法将混合溶液置于模具中,干燥后得到固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖复合抗菌保鲜膜。
根据最终果蔬包装用抗菌保鲜膜材料的需求,主要检测复合膜的抗菌性能(以对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌效果为例)、保鲜性能(以对圣女果和草莓的保鲜效果为例),TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素的初始用量和银氨溶液的添加量以及壳聚糖的浓度将可依据不同实际情况进行调节。
在一些实施例中,所述纳米纤维素为纤维素纳米纤丝,采用TEMPO氧化法制备得到,羧基含量为1.4~1.6mmol/L。
在一些实施例中,将1~5g TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素加到100mL去离子溶液中。
在一些实施例中,所述的银氨溶液的浓度为0.025M~0.3M。
在一些实施例中,TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素溶液与银氨溶液质量比为5:2~3。
在一些实施例中,TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素应在玻璃棒搅拌的作用下与银氨溶液充分均匀混合。
在一些实施例中,TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素与银氨溶液均匀混合后,应在微波反应釜中搅拌的状态下反应。
在一些实施例中,所述微波反应釜功率为600~1000W,温度为40~100℃下反应20~60min。
在一些实施例中,透析时应确保完全析出未反应的银氨溶液,时间为48~72h。
在一些实施例中,0.5~1.5g壳聚糖溶于100mL 0.1~0.15wt%的冰醋酸溶液中。
在一些实施例中,壳聚糖溶液与TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素溶液混合后,均质机功率为500~600W,室温搅拌,搅拌时间为2~3min。
在一些实施例中,搅拌均匀的混合溶液超声处理功率为1200~1300W,时间为15~20min,温度为18~20℃
在一些实施例中,装有混合液体的模具放入烘箱中,温度38~40℃,时间为11~12h。
下面结合具体的实施例,对本发明做进一步的详细说明,应该指出,所述具体实施例是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
以下实施例中,抑菌圈测试采用行业既有的方法,具体参照以下论文:
1.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112987;
2.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.129815;
3.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2020.111012。
实施例1:
将1g TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素加到100mL去离子水中,通过均质机均匀分散,然后按照5:2的质量比加入0.025M的银氨溶液,使用玻璃棒搅拌均匀,将混合液置于三颈烧瓶并放入微波反应釜中反应,在功率为1000W,温度为100℃下反应60min,反应完成后透析48h除掉未反应完的银氨溶液,得到固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素。将0.5g壳聚糖溶于100mL 0.1%的冰醋酸溶液中,使用均质机搅拌2min至壳聚糖完全溶解,经超声处理后采用流延蒸发法将混合溶液置于模具中,干燥后得到固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖抗菌保鲜膜。
制备所得的复合膜对金黄色葡萄球菌产生的抑菌圈直径为2.21mm,对大肠杆菌产生的抑菌圈直径为1.30mm;对新鲜圣女果的保鲜时间可达9天,对新鲜草莓的保鲜时间可达4天。
实施例2:
将2g TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素加到100mL去离子水中,通过均质机均匀分散,然后按照5:2的质量比加入0.05M的银氨溶液,使用玻璃棒搅拌均匀,将混合液置于三颈烧瓶并放入微波反应釜中反应,在功率为800W,温度为80℃下反应40min,反应完成后透析48h除掉未反应完的银氨溶液,得到固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素。将1g壳聚糖溶于100mL0.1%的冰醋酸溶液中,使用均质机搅拌2min至壳聚糖完全溶解,经超声处理后采用流延蒸发法将混合溶液置于模具中,干燥后得到固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖抗菌保鲜膜。
制备所得的复合膜对金黄色葡萄球菌产生的抑菌圈直径为2.85mm,对大肠杆菌产生的抑菌圈直径为1.80mm;对新鲜圣女果的保鲜时间可达10天,对新鲜草莓的保鲜时间可达4天。
实施例3:
将3g TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素加到100mL去离子水中,通过均质机均匀分散,然后按照5:2的质量比加入0.1M的银氨溶液,使用玻璃棒搅拌均匀,将混合液置于三颈烧瓶并放入微波反应釜中反应,在功率为800W,温度为60℃下反应30min,反应完成后透析72h除掉未反应完的银氨溶液,得到固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素。将1.5g壳聚糖溶于100mL0.1%的冰醋酸溶液中,使用均质机搅拌2min至壳聚糖完全溶解,经超声处理后采用流延蒸发法将混合溶液置于模具中,干燥后得到固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖抗菌保鲜膜。
制备所得的复合膜对金黄色葡萄球菌产生的抑菌圈直径为4.58mm,对大肠杆菌产生的抑菌圈直径为2.50mm;对新鲜圣女果的保鲜时间可达12天,对新鲜草莓的保鲜时间可达6天。
图1展示了固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素和获得的纳米银电镜图。可以看出,纳米银均匀附着在纳米纤维素纤维上,且粒径较为均一。
图2展示了不同复合膜对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌圈效果图以及对两种细菌杀灭前后对比的电镜图。从图2中可以看到,复合膜对两种细菌具有明显的抑制作用,产生了明显的抑菌圈;且与杀灭前细菌的形貌(圆润、光滑)相比,杀灭后的细菌变的瘪皱,不完整。
图3和图4展示了复合膜对新鲜圣女果和草莓的保鲜效果。从图3、图4中可以看出,复合膜对圣女果和草莓的保鲜效果较好,分别在12天和6天后基本保持完整、新鲜有光泽的状态,没有发生霉变或体积缩水的现象。
实施例4:
将5g TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素加到100mL去离子水中,通过均质机均匀分散,然后按照5:2的质量比加入0.2M的银氨溶液,使用玻璃棒搅拌均匀,将混合液置于三颈烧瓶并放入微波反应釜中反应,在功率为600W,温度为40℃下反应20min,反应完成后透析72h除掉未反应完的银氨溶液,得到固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素。将1.5g壳聚糖溶于100mL0.1%的冰醋酸溶液中,使用均质机搅拌2min至壳聚糖完全溶解,经超声处理后采用流延蒸发法将混合溶液置于模具中,干燥后得到固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖抗菌保鲜膜。
制备所得的复合膜对金黄色葡萄球菌产生的抑菌圈直径为4.10mm,对大肠杆菌产生的抑菌圈直径为2.10mm;对新鲜圣女果的保鲜时间可达10天,对新鲜草莓的保鲜时间可达5天。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种果蔬包装用固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖持久抗菌保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
将TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素均匀分散,加入银氨溶液并混合均匀,得到混合溶液;
将所述混合溶液在微波条件下进行反应,待反应完毕后,透析出未反应完的银氨溶液,得到固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素;
将壳聚糖溶于冰醋酸溶液中,加入所述固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素,均质分散,再进行超声处理,最后采用流延蒸发法将混合液体置于模具中,干燥后,即得;
其中,所述壳聚糖与固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素的质量体积比为0.1~0.3g:2mL~10mL。
2.如权利要求1所述的果蔬包装用固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖持久抗菌保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于,纳米纤维素为纤维素纳米纤丝,采用TEMPO氧化法制备得到,羧基含量为1.4~1.6mmol/L。
3.如权利要求1所述的果蔬包装用固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖持久抗菌保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于,TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素溶液与银氨溶液质量比为5:2~3。
4.如权利要求1所述的果蔬包装用固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖持久抗菌保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于,微波下反应的条件为:功率600~1000W,温度40~100℃下反应20~60min。
5.如权利要求1所述的果蔬包装用固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖持久抗菌保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于,透析的时间为48~72h。
6.如权利要求1所述的果蔬包装用固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖持久抗菌保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于,均质的功率为500~600W,室温搅拌,搅拌时间为2~3min。
7.如权利要求1所述的果蔬包装用固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖持久抗菌保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于,超声处理功率为1200~1300W,时间为15~20min,温度为18~20℃。
8.如权利要求1所述的果蔬包装用固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖持久抗菌保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于,装有混合液体的模具放入烘箱中,温度38~40℃,时间为11~12h。
9.权利要求1-8任一项所述的方法制备的果蔬包装用固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖复合抗菌保鲜膜。
10.权利要求9所述的果蔬包装用固定化纳米银的TEMPO氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖复合抗菌保鲜膜在果蔬的持久抗菌保鲜包装中的应用,其特征在于,所述果蔬包括:草莓、荔枝、葡萄、香蕉、圣女果、生菜、白菜、黄瓜。
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WO2024012609A3 (zh) * | 2023-01-04 | 2024-03-07 | 齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) | 一种果蔬包装用载银tempo氧化纳米纤维素/壳聚糖抗菌保鲜膜的制备方法及其应用 |
GB2622753A (en) * | 2023-01-04 | 2024-03-27 | Univ Qilu Technology | Preparation method for silver-loaded tempo oxidized nanocellulose/chitosan antibacterial preservative film for fruit and vegetable packaging, and use thereof |
CN117304559A (zh) * | 2023-10-27 | 2023-12-29 | 齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) | 一种抗菌保鲜复合海绵的制备方法及其应用 |
CN117887115A (zh) * | 2024-01-16 | 2024-04-16 | 齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) | 一种光热抗菌复合膜的制备方法与应用 |
CN117887115B (zh) * | 2024-01-16 | 2024-08-02 | 齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) | 一种光热抗菌复合膜的制备方法与应用 |
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GB2622753A (en) | 2024-03-27 |
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