CN115921498A - Method for harmless treatment of hazardous waste desulfurizer by using Europe smelting furnace - Google Patents
Method for harmless treatment of hazardous waste desulfurizer by using Europe smelting furnace Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for harmlessly treating hazardous waste desulfurizer by using an Ou-Meta furnace, which reduces sulfur in the hazardous waste desulfurizer into elemental sulfur by using the reduction atmosphere of an Ou-Meta furnace system, realizes fixed slagging of the sulfur through chemical reaction in the furnace, and realizes economical treatment of slag as a building material; the secondary pollutant emission is eliminated, and the environment-friendly benefit is obvious; the waste desulfurizer treated by the Europe and metallurgy furnace in a synergic manner breaks through the process limit value of the traditional cement rotary kiln for treating the solid waste/dangerous waste in a synergic manner, realizes the aim of large-scale synergic treatment of the waste desulfurizer on a metallurgical furnace, namely the Europe and metallurgy furnace, develops a new approach for treating the solid waste/dangerous waste, realizes low cost, harmless reduction atmosphere, secondary pollution without generating dioxin, large treatment capacity and high-valued solid waste/dangerous waste treatment technology, and fills the domestic and foreign blank.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environment protection of hazardous waste harmless treatment, in particular to a method for harmlessly treating a hazardous waste desulfurizer by using an Ou-Meta furnace.
Background
At present, the comprehensive utilization amount, the disposal amount and the storage amount of general industrial solid wastes account for 42.5 percent, 17.1 percent and 40.3 percent respectively; the comprehensive utilization amount, the disposal amount and the storage amount of the industrial hazardous waste account for 48.6 percent, 40.7 percent and 10.7 percent respectively; meanwhile, the comprehensive utilization rate of common industrial solid waste and hazardous waste is lower than 50 percent.
Based on the practical problems, scholars at home and abroad research a technology for treating urban solid waste/dangerous waste by using a cement kiln in a synergistic manner, so that the solid waste/dangerous waste can be treated with low investment and low cost in a synergistic manner, and a large amount of research and practice are carried out on the technology in China, and relevant national standards such as cement kiln synergistic treatment garbage engineering design specification (GB 50954-2014), cement kiln synergistic treatment sludge engineering design specification (GB 50757-2012), cement kiln synergistic treatment industrial waste design specification (GB 50634-2010), cement kiln synergistic treatment solid waste pollution control standard (GB 30485-2013) and the like are formed. However, because the rotary kiln treatment temperature is lower, the temperature is generally not higher than 1450 ℃, and the retention time is shorter; the method is easy to form secondary pollutants and oxidizing atmosphere, namely, more kiln dust and flue gas are generated, wherein the kiln dust is classified as hazardous waste, and the flue gas contains pollutants such as dioxin, SO2, NOx and the like.
Based on the characteristics of the metallurgical furnace of the Europe and metallurgy furnace, the problems that the existing solid waste/dangerous waste is difficult to treat, secondary pollution is generated in the treatment process, the treatment cost is high and the like are solved, and a new process test for treating the waste desulfurizer by using the metallurgical furnace represented by the Europe and metallurgy furnace is developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for harmlessly treating hazardous waste desulfurizer by using an Ou-Meta furnace, develops a new process for treating the waste desulfurizer by using a metallurgical furnace represented by the Ou-Meta furnace, and realizes smooth treatment of the waste desulfurizer by using an Ou-Meta furnace system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for harmlessly treating a hazardous waste desulfurizer by an Ou-Meta furnace, which is characterized in that sulfur in hazardous waste is reduced into elemental sulfur by utilizing the reduction atmosphere of an Ou-Meta furnace system, metal iron and sulfur in a reduction shaft furnace react to form FeS through chemical reaction in the furnace, the FeS is desulfurized in a gasification furnace to form CaS, fixed slagging of the sulfur is realized, and slag is used as a building material for economic treatment;
step I, weighing and proportioning: automatically controlling by a program in the process of screening the fuel, and synchronously weighing the waste desulfurizer according to the weighing amount set by the proportion through a proportioning and weighing system;
the method comprises the following steps that independent screening and weighing equipment is additionally arranged below each bin of a storage tank group to screen fuel and weigh hazardous waste desulfurizer, wherein the hazardous waste desulfurizer uses a middle tank of the storage tank group, and a weighing hopper is arranged below the tank;
step II, mixing materials, namely uniformly paving the weighed desulfurizer on a material middle layer to form natural layering on a conveying belt, completely mixing the materials in the conveying process through two middle transfer bins, and storing the materials in a coal charging bin;
step III, desulfurizing the slag: sending the mixed fuel in the coal loading bin into a gasification furnace, and burning 80-85% of carbon in the waste desulfurizer at high temperature of a molten pool in the gasification furnace: 2C + O 2 =2CO is ignited to release heat, and reducing coal gas is formed;
in the reducing atmosphere of the gasifier, sulfur compounds in the hazardous waste desulfurizer react with alkaline substances in furnace burden in a smelting area of the gasifier to form stable sulfides dissolved in slag only, reduced gas in a gasification area at the top of the gasifier enters the reduction shaft furnace through a surrounding pipe, sulfides in the reduced gas react with metal Fe in the shaft furnace to generate FeS, the FeS enters the melter gasifier through a DRI downcomer, and the furnace slag of the gasifier is desulfurized through the following reaction:
FeS+GaO=GaS+Fe+ ½O 2 4.18X 1995KJ/Kg endothermic reaction;
wherein, the coal gas in the gasification zone of the vault of the gasification furnace is a reducing atmosphere mainly comprising CO, and the specific components comprise: 9.29% of CO 2 、70.96%CO、14.57%H 2 、1.07%N 2 、4.11% H 2 O。
Further, a two-furnace three-section process is adopted, pulverized coal and burner oxygen are blown and dried at the arch crown of the gasification furnace, and efficient gasification of dry pulverized coal at the arch crown of the gasification furnace is realized;
further, the blowback gas and the shaft furnace distribution center gas flow are suppressed by adding cold gas at the bottom of the reduction shaft furnace. Wherein, the cold coal gas accounts for 20 percent of the total coal gas entering the reduction shaft furnace, and the rest 80 percent is the reducing coal gas of the surrounding pipe.
Furthermore, reducing gas at the arch top of the gasification furnace enters a cold cyclone dust collector for dust removal through a gas generation pipeline, then part of the reducing gas enters the reduction shaft furnace through a surrounding pipe to react with furnace charge in the furnace and then is mixed with top gas for output, the other part of the reducing gas is washed by a washing tower and then is directly output, and dust and oxygen collected in the cold cyclone dust collector are blown together to enter the arch top of the gasification furnace.
Further, top gas recycle: introducing top coal gas into output coal gas through cloth bag dust removal, pressurizing the output coal gas through a pressurizer, and removing CO 2 The system carries out carbon capture and CO removal 2 The reducing gas is heated by a heat exchange furnace and then returned to a composite oxygen injection tuyere of the gasification furnace for injection.
Further, the furnace burden is distributed through a shaft furnace distributor, and the full-coverage distribution of the circumference of the charge level with the radius of 3.5m is realized.
Further, reduction shaft furnace top center is provided with shaft furnace distributing device, shaft furnace distributing device includes hopper and the relative hopper under the port rotate the distributing chute that sets up, the vertical extension of hopper lower port is inside the reduction shaft furnace, hopper lower port is provided with the rotating turret, the articulated distributing chute that is provided with on the rotating turret, hopper lower port aims at distributing chute feed end notch, the distributing chute swing end is provided with the cloth mouth.
Furthermore, two sides of the bottom of the reduction shaft furnace are communicated with the vault of the gasification furnace through DRI down pipes, the vault of the gasification furnace is communicated with the cold cyclone dust collector through the coal gas generation pipeline, a gas outlet at the top of the cold cyclone dust collector is communicated with the middle part of the reduction shaft furnace through the surrounding pipe, the surrounding pipe is arranged around the outer wall of the middle part of the reduction shaft furnace, and a dust outlet at the bottom of the cold cyclone dust collector is communicated with the vault of the gasification furnace.
Furthermore, the composite injection oxygen tuyere is arranged on the furnace wall of the smelting zone of the gasification furnace, the composite injection oxygen tuyere comprises an oxygen channel and a coal gas channel, and a cooling cavity is arranged around the outer sides of the oxygen channel and the coal gas channel.
Further, the coal loading bin is communicated with the center of the arch crown of the gasification furnace.
Has the advantages that: the method for harmlessly treating the hazardous waste desulfurizer by using the Europe and metallurgy furnace has the advantages of stable production process and large treatment capacity of the hazardous waste desulfurizer; the secondary pollutant emission is eliminated, and the obvious environmental protection benefit is achieved; the waste desulfurizer treated by the Europe and metallurgy furnace in a synergic manner breaks through the process limit value of the traditional cement rotary kiln for treating the solid waste/dangerous waste in a synergic manner, realizes the aim of large-scale synergic treatment of the waste desulfurizer on a metallurgical furnace, namely the Europe and metallurgy furnace, develops a new approach for treating the solid waste/dangerous waste, realizes low cost, harmless reduction atmosphere, secondary pollution without generating dioxin, large treatment capacity and high-valued solid waste/dangerous waste treatment technology, and fills the domestic and foreign blank.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a method for harmlessly treating hazardous waste desulfurizer by using an Ou-Meta furnace;
FIG. 2 is a table showing the comparison of the measured data of the iron content of the waste desulfurizing agent per ton with respect to the requirement of molten iron quality and slag basicity;
FIG. 3 is a low-carbon circulation process flow diagram of the Ou-Meta furnace;
FIG. 4 is a reaction state diagram in a two-furnace three-stage process gasifier;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the Ou-Meta furnace system;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a distributor of a shaft furnace;
FIG. 7 is a view showing the structure of a composite oxygen injection tuyere.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method for harmlessly treating the hazardous waste desulfurizer by the eupatorium stove as shown in the attached figure 1 is characterized in that sulfur in the hazardous waste is reduced into elemental sulfur by using the reduction atmosphere of the eupatorium stove system, the elemental sulfur is formed by the reaction of metallic iron and sulfur in the reduction shaft furnace 1 through the chemical reaction in the stove, feS is formed by the reaction of metallic iron and sulfur, caS is formed by the desulfurization of the gasification furnace 2, the fixed slagging of sulfur is realized, and the slag is used as a building material for economic treatment, and the method specifically comprises the following steps;
step I, weighing and batching: automatically controlling by a program in the process of screening the fuel, and synchronously weighing the waste desulfurizer according to the weighing amount set by the proportion through a proportioning and weighing system;
the method comprises the following steps that independent screening and weighing equipment is additionally arranged below each bin of a storage tank group to screen fuel and weigh hazardous waste desulfurizer;
step II, mixing materials, namely uniformly paving the weighed desulfurizer on a material middle layer to form natural layering on a conveying belt, completely mixing the materials in the conveying process through two middle transfer bins, and storing the materials in a coal charging bin 12; wherein, the hazardous waste desulfurizer uses a middle groove of the storage groove group, a weighing hopper is arranged under the middle groove, and then the desulfurizer is uniformly paved on a material middle layer
Step III, slag desulfurization: sending the mixed fuel in the coal loading bin 12 into the gasification furnace 2, and burning 80-85% of carbon in the waste desulfurizer at the high temperature of a molten pool in the gasification furnace 2: 2C O 2 Igniting and releasing heat by using =2CO (a) to form reducing gas;
in the reducing atmosphere of the gasifier 2, sulfur compounds in the hazardous waste desulfurizer react with alkaline substances in furnace burden in a smelting area of the gasifier 2 to form stable sulfides dissolved in slag only, reduced coal gas in a gasification area at the top of the gasifier 2 enters the reduction shaft furnace 1 through a surrounding pipe 3, sulfides in the reduced coal gas react with metal Fe in the shaft furnace to generate FeS, and the reaction equation is as follows: fe + As 2 And (c) = FeS (b), heating under the condition, wherein the metal Fe in the shaft furnace exists in an excessive state, and the sulfide in the coal gas is desulfurized by taking a material bed of the shaft furnace as a filter layer. The FeS enters the melter-gasifier 2 through the DRI downcomer 7. And desulfurizing the slag in the gasifier.
The reaction is as follows, feS + GaO = GaS + Fe + nerve 2 (c) 4.18X 1995KJ/Kg endothermic reaction;
wherein, the coal gas in gasification zone of gasification furnace vault is the reducing atmosphere who uses CO as the owner, and specific component includes: 9.29% of CO 2 、70.96%CO、14.57%H 2 、1.07%N 2 、4.11% H 2 O。
Wherein the usage amount of the waste desulfurizer is calculated according to the desulfurization capability of furnace slag, and the standard that the target sulfur content of the molten iron is lower than 0.075 percent is qualified. The total amount of sulfur in the raw fuel consumed by ton of iron is called sulfur load, according to the theoretical calculation of iron-making process desulfurization and the theoretical calculation of slag desulfurization capacity, 15kg of desulfurizer is added into ton of iron, the quality of molten iron is not influenced, the desulfurization capacity of slag can meet the production requirement, and more investment is not required to be increased; as shown in fig. 2, the theoretical calculation results are verified by comparing multiple sets of production practice record data, and it can be seen from the graph that the practical results are combined with the theoretical calculation, so that the usage amount of the waste desulfurizing agent of 15kg per ton of iron is optimal.
Based on the above method, the behaviour of sulfur in the furnace was analyzed:
the sulfur in the charge material is partially volatilized into coal gas along with the descending of the charge material and the rising of the temperature of the charge material. 30-50% of organic sulfur in the coke is volatilized in the form of compounds such as CS and COS from the lower part of the furnace body to the furnace belly, and the rest is generated into SO during gasification reaction and combustion in front of a tuyere 2 、H 2 S and other gaseous compounds into the gas. A part of sulfur in the ore and the flux is decomposed or reacted to generate sulfur vapor or SO 2 And then enters the coal gas. The sulfur entering the gas phase is absorbed by the descending charge in the reduction shaft. In the lump belt, the sulfur absorption of the ore is less at 200-900 ℃, and the absorption is accelerated at about 1000 ℃. The sulfur absorption condition of the furnace charge in the gasification furnace is good, the sulfur content is increased, the slag and iron can absorb the sulfur in the coal gas violently, and simultaneously, the sulfur is transferred from the iron to the slag.
In the hearth, the iron droplets pass through the slag layer with good reaction conditions, and the desulfurization reaction proceeds largely. And at the slag-iron interface accumulated in the hearth, the desulfurization reaction is continued until tapping, and the slag and molten iron in the taphole channel are still subjected to iron desulfurization. And (3) desulfurization reaction of slag: the sulfur exists in the slag in the form of a plurality of sulfides, and a plurality of main sulfides are FeS, mnS, mgS and CaS according to the arrangement of the stability from small to large, wherein the FeS can also be dissolved in molten iron. The desulfurization reaction of the slag is that basic oxides such as CaO and MgO in the slag react with sulfur in the molten iron to generate stable compounds such as CaS and MgS which are insoluble in the molten iron and soluble in the slag, so that the sulfur in the molten iron is transferred to the slag and removed. In the case of a reducing atmosphere, the sulphur in the incandescent coke and the C dissolved in the molten iron undergo a desulphurisation reaction:
(CaO) + [ S ] + [ C ] - (CaS) + CO (d)
The reaction mechanism of the formula (d) can be illustrated by using a molecular theory, namely FeS in the molten iron diffuses into the slag through a slag-iron interface and reacts with CaO in the slag to generate CaS and FeO, and the FeO generated by the reaction is further reduced by CThe generated CO leaves a reaction interface and enters coal gas. The ion theory is used for explaining the reaction mechanism, the ion migration process is carried out at the interface of liquid slag iron, neutral atomic sulfur in molten iron absorbs electrons in molten slag at the interface of slag iron and is changed into sulfur negative ions S 2 Into the slag, and oxygen anions O in the slag 2 And once electrons are lost at the interface, the electrons become neutral atoms, enter the molten iron and are combined with C in the molten iron to form CO, and the CO is discharged from the molten iron.
Because other elements such as Si, mn and the like exist in the molten iron, the elements also interact with S in the molten iron to desulfurize in a coupling reaction mode:
2[S]+ [Si]+2 (CaC)) 2 (CaS) + (SiO) 2 )(e)
[ S ] + [ Mn ] + (CaO) -CaS) + (MnO) (f)
Or 2[ 2 ] written]+[Si]+2O 2 -2S 2 —+(SiO 2 )(g)
[S]+[Mn]+O 2 ——S 2 —+(MnO)(h)
The distribution coefficient of sulfur between slag and molten iron: when the desulfurization reaction (d) in the pyrometallurgical furnace reaches equilibrium, the ratio of the mass percentage concentration of sulfur between the slag and the molten iron is called the distribution coefficient of sulfur between the slag and the molten iron. Under the condition that the temperature of a hearth for smelting in the melting gasification furnace is 1500 ℃, the alkalinity of slag is about 1.0. The Ls at equilibrium can be more than 200. However, in the actual production, limited by the conditions, the desulfurization reaction is not balanced, the Ls value can only reach 20-50, and the maximum Ls value is not more than 80, so that the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions of desulfurization are improved in iron making, the Ls value is increased, and the S content in the molten iron is reduced to a lower level.
In daily production, the theoretical calculation shows that the sulfur load is generally about 5-8 kg/ton of iron, the sulfur content in the waste desulfurizer reaches about 12 percent, the carbon content is about 85 percent, 15kg of iron is added in a ton, the sulfur load is increased by about 1.8 kg/ton of iron, and the increased carbon content is 12.75 kg/ton of iron. The furnace hearth molten pool temperature of the European-smelting furnace is 2000 ℃, the added carbon of the desulfurizer meets the heat balance condition, the consumption is not additionally increased, the amount of the desulfurizer is increased, the heat balance is broken, the production fuel investment is increased, and the economic significance is lost.
The theory guides the practical production process, the experiment shows that the quality of molten iron and the quality of slag are not influenced by adding 15kg of desulfurizer in one ton of iron in the production process, the theory is correct, and the waste desulfurizer is successfully treated in a harmless way by using the Europe and metallurgy furnace.
A two-furnace three-section process is adopted: through 2 vaults of gasifier spout and weather buggy and nozzle oxygen, realize the high-efficient gasification of the dry buggy of gasifier vault, wherein, as an preferred embodiment, the spout of dry buggy and nozzle oxygen can encircle in the gasifier oven evenly to be laid a plurality ofly, and nozzle oxygen spout sets up in dry buggy spout below relatively, wherein, nozzle oxygen spout can with 8 slant downtilts settings of horizontal direction contained angle.
As shown in fig. 4, from the internal space of the gasification furnace, the reactions are, from top to bottom:
CO+½O 2 =CO 2 （i）
C+CO 2 =2CO（j）
C+H 2 O=CO+H 2 （k）。
through research on a multidirectional turbulent flow reaction flow process of a gasification furnace on an air flow section, the carbonization time of coal dust with 0.074mm of a vault of the gasification furnace is only 1.5s, the carbon conversion rate of more than 96.5% is realized, 32s is needed by calculating the escape time of particles entering a rising pipe from a discharge surface, when dry coal dust gasification of the vault reaches 200kg/t.hm, the coal gas components are effectively adjusted, the metal conversion rate of the shaft furnace is improved by 15% -25%, and the power coal content in fuel can be improved to 20% -60% by the technology, so that the cost is reduced.
Suppressing a blowby gas and a shaft furnace distribution center gas flow by adding cold gas at the bottom of the reduction shaft furnace 1; wherein, cold coal gas accounts for and gets into 20% of the total gassiness volume in the reduction shaft furnace 1, remaining 80% be the reduction coal gas that gets into by the shroud ring, because gasifier high temperature coal gas passes through the anti-channeling of DRI downcomer and appears high temperature liquid phase bonding, and the shaft furnace shroud ring chock material, can lead to the pressure differential height, make the anti-channeling of high temperature coal gas aggravate, form vicious circle, make down the furnace charge soft melt and appear bonding, through at shaft furnace bottom section of thick bamboo cold coal gas, make the temperature reduce to below the ore softening temperature interval, and then realize restraining the anti-channeling of high temperature air current and soften the bonding phenomenon.
As shown in fig. 3, reducing gas at the vault of the gasification furnace 2 firstly enters a cold cyclone dust collector 6 for dust removal through a gas generation pipeline 5, then part of the reducing gas enters the reduction shaft furnace 1 through a surrounding pipe 3 to react with furnace burden in the furnace and then is mixed with top gas for output, and the other part of the reducing gas is washed through a washing tower and then is directly output, wherein dust and oxygen collected in the cold cyclone dust collector 6 are injected into the vault of the gasification furnace 2 together, so that the effect of replacing part of dry coal powder injection can be achieved, and the effect of harmless treatment on solid waste can be achieved.
Top gas circulation: introducing the top coal gas into the output coal gas through cloth bag dust removal, pressurizing the output coal gas through a pressurizer, and introducing the output coal gas into a reactor for CO removal 2 The system carries out carbon capture and CO removal 2 The reducing gas is heated by a heat exchange furnace and then is returned to a composite oxygen injection tuyere 4 of the gasification furnace for injection; omnibearing resource coupling is realized, the tuyere of the hydrogen-carbon-rich circulating blast furnace is sprayed for 12000 Nm/h, the fuel ratio is reduced by 10%, and the cooled blast furnace tuyere can replace part of cold coal gas to be input to the bottom of the reduction shaft furnace.
The burden is distributed by a shaft furnace distributing device 8, and the full-coverage distribution with the circumferential radius of 3.5m on the burden surface is realized. The utilization rate of the shaft furnace coal gas is improved, wherein the utilization rate is improved from 29.8 percent before the shaft furnace coal gas is input to 36.3 percent after the shaft furnace coal gas is input, and the service life is long.
As shown in fig. 5 to 6, the top end center of the reduction shaft furnace 1 is provided with the shaft furnace distributing device 8, the shaft furnace distributing device 8 includes a hopper 9 and a distributing chute 10 rotatably disposed relative to a lower port of the hopper 9, the lower port of the hopper 9 vertically extends into the reduction shaft furnace 1, the lower port of the hopper 9 is provided with a rotating frame 11, the rotating frame 11 is hinged with the distributing chute 10, the lower port of the hopper 9 aligns with a feed port notch 10-1 of the distributing chute 10, and a swinging end of the distributing chute 10 is provided with a distributing port 10-2.
When adding the furnace charge by the hopper in to the reduction shaft furnace, through control system control, make the rotating turret at the uniform velocity pivoted in-process, the batch charging chute intermittent type nature is regular adjusts the swing angle, form the cloth circle layer of different radiuses, the biggest cloth radius reaches 3.5m, thereby realize that charge level circumference radius 3.5m covers the cloth entirely, the heliciform successive layer cloth of large tracts of land has not only been realized, the homogeneity of cloth has still been guaranteed, make like this that the sulphur that gets into the gaseous phase is in the reduction shaft furnace with the abundant and even mixture of furnace charge that descends, thereby make the absorption that the furnace charge can be better get into the sulphur of gaseous phase, and then it is fixed to have more sulphur to enter into the slagging that realizes sulphur in the gasifier, in order to obtain better desulfurization effect.
The two sides of the bottom of the reduction shaft furnace 1 are communicated with the vault of the gasification furnace 2 through DRI down pipes 7, the vault of the gasification furnace 2 is communicated with the cold cyclone dust collector 6 through the coal gas generation pipeline 5, the air outlet at the top of the cold cyclone dust collector 6 is communicated with the middle part of the reduction shaft furnace 1 through the surrounding pipe 3, the surrounding pipe 3 is arranged around the outer wall of the middle part of the reduction shaft furnace 1, and a dust outlet at the bottom of the cold cyclone dust collector 6 is communicated with the vault of the gasification furnace 2;
as a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, four cold cyclone dust collectors are arranged, uniformly distributed around the vault of the gasification furnace, and communicated with the gasification furnace through a single gas generation pipeline, so that the gas pressure at each position of the vault of the gasification furnace is stable and balanced, and meanwhile, the efficiency of reducing the circulation of the gas is improved;
the reducing gas at the vault of the gasification furnace enters the cold cyclone dust collector through the gas generation pipeline, solid particles carried in the gas are separated and collected, the gas can be used for replacing the dry coal powder blowing-back in the two-furnace three-stage process, the effect of solid waste recycling is achieved, not only can the fuel furnace burden be repeatedly and fully utilized, but also solid sulfur carried out along with the solid particles can be recycled and re-desulfurized, the gas enters the reduction shaft furnace through the surrounding pipe, the surrounding pipe is uniformly provided with a plurality of air inlets corresponding to the wall of the reduction shaft furnace, the gas can be uniformly distributed in the reduction shaft furnace, the gas phase sulfur and the furnace burden are further mixed by matching with the material distributor of the shaft furnace, and a better desulfurization effect is obtained.
The coal charging bin 12 is communicated with the center of the arch crown of the gasification furnace 2, mixed fuel is supplied to the center of the arch crown for blanking by the gasification furnace, a conical top stacking surface of a smelting area can be formed as shown in figure 4, when furnace burden is continuously distributed on the conical stacking surface through DRI down pipes on two sides, the mixed fuel is continuously added from the center of the top, the mixed fuel is uniformly diffused to the periphery to maintain the shape of the conical stacking surface when being blanked on the top of the conical stacking surface, in the process, the fuel uniformly diffused to the periphery is mixed with the furnace burden which continuously falls, and the mixed fuel is matched with an oxygen injection port uniformly distributed around the furnace wall, so that the furnace burden can be uniformly and stably combusted, all areas in the furnace can stably generate desulfurization reaction, and a better desulfurization effect can be obtained.
The composite injection oxygen tuyere 4 is arranged on the wall of the smelting zone of the gasification furnace 2, the composite injection oxygen tuyere 4 comprises an oxygen channel 4-1 and a coal gas channel 4-2, and a cooling cavity 4-3 is arranged around the outer sides of the oxygen channel 4-1 and the coal gas channel 4-2; the oxygen injection tuyere with the structure can connect the coal gas channel with the tuyere for removing CO 2 The reduction of the coal gas realizes the cyclic utilization of the top coal gas, the fuel ratio of the coal gas can be effectively reduced by the return of the coal gas, and meanwhile, the reduction of the silicon content in the molten iron is also realized as a means, so that the cost is reduced, and the quality of the iron is improved.
Based on the basic structure relationship, four forms of blowing gas tuyere small sleeves can be developed, including a single-cavity single-channel type, a single-cavity double-channel type, a double-cavity single-channel type and a double-cavity double-channel type, as shown in fig. 7, wherein an oxygen channel and a gas channel can be independently arranged (double channels) or communicated with each other (single channel), and when the oxygen channel and the gas channel are communicated and arranged, a gas channel jet port can be arranged in the middle of the oxygen channel, so that oxygen is mixed with gas before being jetted; based on the two connection modes, the two connection modes can correspond to two cooling cavity arrangement modes, wherein the first mode adopts a complete through cavity (single cavity) and is filled with cooling liquid for cooling, the second mode is to divide the cooling cavity into a front cooling cavity 4-31 and a rear cooling cavity 4-32 (double cavities), and the front cooling cavity 4-32 is arranged at the spray outlet; the two channel layout modes and the two cooling cavity layout modes are combined in pairs to form four tuyere modes, wherein a double-cavity single-channel mode is adopted, and the communication part of an oxygen channel and a coal gas channel is arranged in a rear cooling cavity 4-32;
in the application of the composite oxygen injection tuyere, different selections can be carried out according to the combustion requirement in the furnace and the influence of the temperature in the furnace on the nozzle, the tuyere does not need to be cooled in a segmented mode and adopts a single-cavity structure, and the oxygen pipeline and the coal gas pipeline are cooled by introducing cooling liquid into the cavity; for the air port needing to be cooled in a segmented mode, generally, the air port is close to a combustion point, the temperature of the air port is high, the required cooling requirement is higher, the required cooling requirement is lower when the air port goes outwards, in order to reduce the loss of cooling energy, a double-cavity structure is adopted, cooling liquid with conventional temperature is introduced into a rear cooling cavity, cooling liquid with lower temperature is introduced into a front cooling cavity, a better cooling effect is obtained, the two cooling cavities are mutually independent, each cooling cavity is connected into an independent cooling circulation, and meanwhile, materials with better heat insulation performance can be adopted for blocking between the two cavities, so that the transfer of heat between the two cavities is reduced, and the effect of segmented cooling is avoided being influenced;
for the selection of the single channel and the double channels, one of the two channels is not necessarily required to be selected, and the combination layout can be performed according to the advantages of the two channels: the single channel adopts an air distribution method of mixing and then blowing, the sprayed mixed gas is ignited to form a spray-shaped columnar flame, and the fuel at the spray point is heated and ignited in a targeted manner; the dual channels adopt the independent injection of oxygen and coal gas, as shown in fig. 7, wherein the nozzle of the coal gas pipeline is slightly inclined towards one side of the nozzle of the oxygen pipeline, so that the two gases are sprayed out in high-speed airflow, mutually impacted and dispersed in the furnace, and form flame in a sputtering type range after being ignited, thereby providing stable and continuous heat supply in a large range and enabling the fuel to be fully combusted; according to the advantages of the two types of the air injection ports, a single-channel air injection port and a double-channel air injection port can be alternately arranged, a multi-point quick ignition method and a quick ignition method that each point flame quickly spreads and is connected into pieces are formed, continuous and stable flame is provided for any old part of the furnace, a good reaction environment is provided for the desulfurization reaction in the furnace, and the efficiency is improved.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention described above, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for innocent treatment of hazardous waste desulfurizer by an Ou metallurgical furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps: reducing sulfur in the hazardous waste desulfurizer into elemental sulfur by utilizing the reduction atmosphere of an Ou metallurgical furnace system, realizing fixed slagging of the sulfur through chemical reaction in the furnace, and economically treating slag as a building material, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps;
step I, weighing and proportioning: automatically controlling by a program in the process of screening the fuel, and synchronously weighing the waste desulfurizer according to the weighing amount set by the proportion through a proportioning and weighing system;
step II, mixing materials, namely uniformly paving the weighed desulfurizer on a material middle layer to form natural layering on a conveying belt, completely mixing the materials in the conveying process through two middle transfer bins, and storing the materials in a coal charging bin (12);
step III, slag desulfurization: sending the mixed fuel in the coal bin (12) into the gasification furnace (2), and burning carbon in the waste desulfurizer at high temperature of a molten pool in the gasification furnace (2) to form reducing coal gas;
in the reducing atmosphere of the gasifier (2), sulfur compounds in the hazardous waste desulfurizer react with alkaline substances in furnace burden in a smelting area of the gasifier (2) to form stable sulfides dissolved in slag only, reduced coal gas in a gasification area at the top of the gasifier (2) enters the reduction shaft furnace (1) through a surrounding pipe (3), sulfides in the reduced coal gas react with metal Fe in the shaft furnace to generate FeS, the FeS enters the gasifier (2) through a DRI downcomer (7), and desulfurization is carried out on the gasifier slag to realize fixed slagging of the sulfur; wherein, the coal gas in the gasification zone of the vault of the gasification furnace is a reducing atmosphere mainly comprising CO.
2. The method for harmlessly treating the hazardous waste desulfurizer by the Europe smelting furnace according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: by adopting a two-furnace three-section process and spraying dry coal powder and burner oxygen at the vault of the gasification furnace (2), the high-efficiency gasification of the dry coal powder at the vault of the gasification furnace is realized.
3. The method for harmlessly treating the hazardous waste desulfurizer by the Europe smelting furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: the blowback gas and the shaft furnace distribution center gas flow are suppressed by adding cold gas at the bottom of the reduction shaft furnace (1).
4. The method for harmless treatment of hazardous waste desulfurizer for the European and metallurgical furnaces according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: reducing coal gas at the arch top of the gasification furnace (2) firstly enters a cold cyclone dust collector (6) for dust removal through a coal gas generating pipeline (5), then part of the reducing coal gas enters the reducing shaft furnace (1) through a surrounding pipe (3) to react with furnace burden in the furnace and then is mixed with top coal gas for output, the other part of the reducing coal gas is washed through a washing tower and then is directly output, wherein dust and oxygen collected in the cold cyclone dust collector (6) are blown together to enter the arch top of the gasification furnace (2).
5. The method for harmless treatment of hazardous waste desulfurizer for the European and metallurgical furnaces according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: top gas circulation: introducing the top coal gas into the output coal gas through cloth bag dust removal, pressurizing the output coal gas through a pressurizer, and introducing the output coal gas into a reactor for CO removal 2 The system carries out carbon capture and CO removal 2 The reducing gas is heated by a heat exchange furnace and then returned to a composite oxygen injection tuyere (4) of the gasification furnace for injection.
6. The method for harmlessly treating the hazardous waste desulfurizer by the Europe smelting furnace according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the furnace burden is distributed by a shaft furnace distributor (8) to realize the full-coverage distribution with the circumferential radius of 3.5m of the charge level.
7. The Ou metallurgical furnace system for the method of harmless treatment of hazardous waste desulfurizer for Ou metallurgical furnace according to any one of claims 1-6, which is characterized in that: the reduction shaft furnace (1) top center is provided with shaft furnace distributing device (8), shaft furnace distributing device (8) include hopper (9) and relative hopper (9) lower port rotate distributing chute (10) that sets up, hopper (9) lower port vertical extension to reduction shaft furnace (1) inside, hopper (9) lower port is provided with rotating turret (11), articulated being provided with on rotating turret (11) distributing chute (10), hopper (9) lower port aims at distributing chute (10) feed end notch (10-1), distributing chute (10) swing end is provided with cloth material mouth (10-2).
8. The Ou metallurgical furnace system of the method for harmless treatment of hazardous waste desulfurizer for Ou metallurgical furnace according to claim 7, wherein: the two sides of the bottom of the reduction shaft furnace (1) are communicated with the vault of the gasification furnace (2) through DRI down pipes (7), the vault of the gasification furnace (2) is communicated with the cold cyclone dust collector (6) through the coal gas generation pipeline (5), a gas outlet at the top of the cold cyclone dust collector (6) is communicated with the middle of the reduction shaft furnace (1) through the surrounding pipe (3), the surrounding pipe (3) is arranged around the outer wall of the middle of the reduction shaft furnace (1), and a dust outlet at the bottom of the cold cyclone dust collector (6) is communicated with the vault of the gasification furnace (2).
9. The Ou metallurgical furnace system of the method for harmless treatment of hazardous waste desulfurizer for Ou metallurgical furnace according to claim 8, wherein: the composite oxygen injection tuyere (4) is arranged on the wall of a smelting area of the gasifier (2), the composite oxygen injection tuyere (4) comprises an oxygen channel (4-1) and a coal gas channel (4-2), and a cooling cavity (4-3) is arranged on the outer sides of the oxygen channel (4-1) and the coal gas channel (4-2) in a surrounding mode.
10. The euler furnace system of the method for harmless treatment of hazardous waste desulfurizer for the euler furnace according to claim 9, wherein: the coal loading bin (12) is communicated with the center of the arch crown of the gasification furnace (2).
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