CN115921254B - Aircraft surface radar laser wide-band stealth structure, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Aircraft surface radar laser wide-band stealth structure, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN115921254B CN115921254B CN202310018301.6A CN202310018301A CN115921254B CN 115921254 B CN115921254 B CN 115921254B CN 202310018301 A CN202310018301 A CN 202310018301A CN 115921254 B CN115921254 B CN 115921254B
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Abstract
The application belongs to the field of stealth materials, and particularly relates to a laser wide-band stealth structure of an aircraft surface radar, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: surface treatment is carried out on the substrate; spraying a wave-absorbing coating on the surface of the single side or the surfaces of the two sides of the substrate subjected to surface treatment, and obtaining the wave-absorbing coating after the wave-absorbing coating is completely dried; spraying finishing paint on the wave-absorbing coating, and obtaining a finishing paint layer after the finishing paint is completely dried; irradiating the topcoat layer with femtosecond laser pulses to obtain a microstructure on the topcoat layer. The purpose is how to realize laser absorption at the outermost layer without affecting radar wave absorbing performance.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of stealth materials, and particularly relates to a laser wide-band stealth structure of an aircraft surface radar, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the progress of detection technology, stealth technology is developed from single radar wave stealth to broadband multifunctional stealth. The laser has high directivity, monochromaticity and coherence. The laser radar using laser as a detection carrier wave has been developed and put into use, and the laser radar has high resolution, strong anti-interference capability, good concealment, small volume and light weight, and can realize detection of radar stealth targets. Therefore, the development of radar-laser wave absorbing technology is of great significance.
The existing laser absorption method comprises the following steps: 1. the material capable of absorbing laser with specific wavelength, such as ceramic powder or capsule, is mixed with resin, dispersing agent, defoaming agent and the like to prepare a coating, and the coating is prepared on the outer surface of the equipment by means of brushing or thermal spraying to realize laser absorption; 2. electrochromic materials are adopted to enable the equipment to be consistent with sky colors, and a laser absorption effect is generated; 3. adopting a multilayer film system and a metamaterial to realize laser absorption; 4. and preparing a certain microstructure on the surface of the material, so as to realize the absorption of visible light and laser with certain wavelength. The method adopts femtosecond and picosecond lasers to form various anti-reflection structures on the surfaces of semiconductors such as silicon and gallium, metals such as aluminum, steel, titanium, gold, silver, platinum, copper, tungsten and the like. It can be seen that the existing laser absorption method cannot realize the simultaneous stealth of the radar-laser wave band.
The Chengdu Stokes technology Co., ltd discloses a stealth material compatible with laser and radar and a preparation method thereof, wherein a laser absorption coating is coated outside a radar reflecting layer (metal wire vinylon blended fabric) to form a coating, which is essentially a fabric.
The difficulty in achieving radar-laser multiband stealth on board an aircraft is: 1. laser absorption is an optical absorption principle, and must be at the outermost layer; 2. if a laser absorption coating is coated outside the radar stealth coating, the wave absorbing performance of the radar stealth coating can be affected; 3. if electrochromic materials are coated on the radar stealth coating or metamaterial is made, radar wave absorbing performance can be affected. Both of these methods also increase the coating weight; 4. the existing laser anti-reflection structure can only be prepared on the surfaces of semiconductors such as silicon and gallium and metals such as aluminum, steel, titanium, gold, silver, platinum, copper, tungsten and the like.
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved is how to realize laser absorption at the outermost layer without affecting radar wave absorbing performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The application mainly aims at the problems and provides a laser wide-band stealth structure of an aircraft surface radar, a preparation method and application thereof, and the purpose is how to realize laser absorption on the outermost layer without affecting the radar wave absorbing performance.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application provides a preparation method of a laser wide-band stealth structure of an aircraft surface radar, which comprises the following steps:
surface treatment is carried out on the substrate;
spraying a wave-absorbing coating on the single-side surface of the substrate subjected to surface treatment, and obtaining the wave-absorbing coating after the wave-absorbing coating is completely dried;
spraying finishing paint on the wave-absorbing coating, and obtaining a finishing paint layer after the finishing paint is completely dried;
irradiating the topcoat layer with femtosecond laser pulses to obtain a microstructure on the topcoat layer.
Further, the microstructure includes at least one of: a nanopore, a nanocavity, a nanosphere, a nanoprotrusion, a nanowire.
Further, by varying the parameters of the laser pulses incident on the topcoat layer, a microstructure of a plurality of controlled surfaces is created, wherein the microstructure of the plurality of controlled surfaces is required to satisfy the following conditions: the phase difference of the light beams generated on the inner wall of the microstructure is made to satisfy (2n+1) pi, where n is the laser refractive index of air in the microstructure, according to the optical path difference=phase difference.
Further, before irradiating the topcoat layer with femtosecond laser pulses, the method further comprises the steps of:
marking the position and the range to be processed by using a sticker or laser;
closing a processing shutter, opening a focusing shutter, and positioning at a processing position by 532nm laser;
and closing the focusing shutter, opening the processing shutter, and processing the positioning area by using femtosecond laser.
Further, the parameters of the femtosecond laser are as follows: wavelength 1026nm, power 20W, repetition frequency 2MHz, spot size 2 μm, spot movement rate 10mm/s, and processing path unidirectional.
Further, the method also comprises the steps of optical inspection: and checking a processing area by adopting an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope, and determining the shape of the periodic microstructure.
Further, the method also comprises the step of checking the wave absorbing performance: the wave absorbing performance of the coating is tested by adopting a bow-shaped frame, and the reflectivity of the coating is tested by adopting a spectrophotometer.
Further, the method further comprises the step of testing the laser absorption performance, wherein the laser radar is adopted to test the coating, the standard diffuse reflection plate is firstly adopted to calibrate the laser radar, then the diffuse reflection plate is replaced by a coating sample, and the maximum acting distance of the laser radar under specific power is tested and calculated.
In order to achieve the purpose, the application provides a laser wide-band stealth structure of an aircraft surface radar, which is prepared by adopting the preparation method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the application provides application of the laser wide-band stealth structure of the aircraft surface radar prepared by the preparation method in radar and laser stealth.
The technical scheme of the application has the following advantages: by subjecting the substrate to a surface treatment; spraying a wave-absorbing coating on the surface of the single side or the surfaces of the two sides of the substrate subjected to surface treatment, and obtaining the wave-absorbing coating after the wave-absorbing coating is completely dried; spraying finishing paint on the wave-absorbing coating, and obtaining a finishing paint layer after the finishing paint is completely dried; irradiating the topcoat layer with femtosecond laser pulses to obtain a microstructure on the topcoat layer; because the finishing paint is arranged on the wave-absorbing coating, and the finishing paint has proper impedance, radar waves can pass through the finishing paint to reach the wave-absorbing coating and be absorbed by the finishing paint, after the microstructure is formed on the finishing paint, the impedance characteristic change is small, and the radar waves can still pass through the finishing paint without affecting the radar wave-absorbing performance of the wave-absorbing coating. The existence of the microstructure can interfere with the laser wavelength to eliminate, absorb laser and generate a laser stealth effect, so that radar-laser stealth is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a broadband wave-absorbing principle disclosed in the present application.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the microstructure scale and absorption wavelength relationship according to the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating processing of an aircraft surface radar laser wide-band stealth structure according to the present disclosure.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the results of a spectrophotometric test of the present disclosure.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of a radar wave-absorbing test according to the present application.
In the figure: 1. a wave-absorbing coating; 2. a top coat layer; 3. incident light; 4. emitting light; 5. incident radar waves; 6. microstructure.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present application with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In one aspect of the application, an aircraft surface radar laser wide-band stealth structure and a preparation method thereof are provided. The stealth structure prepared by the method for preparing the stealth structure of the laser wide-band of the surface radar of the aircraft has the effect of absorbing the radar waves without damaging the radar waves and can realize the effect of absorbing the laser.
In the method of the present application, a variety of controlled micro-surface structures can be created by varying the parameters of the laser pulse incident on the topcoat. In addition, by the method, the microstructure depth can not penetrate through the finishing paint through the regulation and control of the femtosecond laser energy and wavelength. The stealth structure formed by the method has good stealth effect, so the stealth structure can be widely applied in the fields of radar, laser stealth and the like.
The embodiment of the application provides a preparation method of a laser wide-band stealth structure of an aircraft surface radar, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the substrate is subjected to a surface treatment.
Specifically, the surface treatment of the substrate comprises material selection of the substrate and pretreatment of the surface of the substrate, wherein the substrate can be made of titanium alloy plates, and the high-quality aviation materials are selected from the high specific strength, corrosion resistance and low temperature resistance of the titanium alloy plates, but the method is not limited to the method; before clamping, the titanium alloy plate needs to be cleaned with ethanol to clean the processing surface, and then the titanium alloy plate is clamped and placed at the processing position by a clamp so that the coating can be better coated on the surface of the substrate.
Step 2: and spraying a wave-absorbing coating on the single-side surface of the substrate subjected to surface treatment, and obtaining the wave-absorbing coating after the wave-absorbing coating is completely dried.
Step 3: and spraying finishing paint on the wave-absorbing coating, and obtaining a finishing paint layer after the finishing paint is completely dried.
Step 4: irradiating the topcoat layer with femtosecond laser pulses to obtain a microstructure on the topcoat layer.
The method is characterized in that a wave-absorbing coating is sprayed on the surface of the plate, and a finishing paint is sprayed on the surface layer of the wave-absorbing coating, so that the plate is completely dried; then, marking the position and the range to be processed by using a sticker or laser; then focusing and processing procedures are carried out, firstly, a processing shutter is closed, the focusing shutter is opened, and 532nm laser is used for positioning at a processing position; the focusing shutter is then closed, the machining shutter is opened, and the positioning area is machined using a femtosecond laser, see fig. 3.
The above-mentioned at least one example of femtosecond laser parameter chooses the parameters of 1026nm of processing laser wavelength, 20W of power, 2MHz of repetition frequency, 2 μm of spot size, 10mm/s of spot moving speed and unidirectional processing path to process.
In this embodiment, the microstructure may be a micro-hole, but not only the micro-hole can absorb laser light, and other microstructures may also be used, for example, a nano-cavity, a nano-sphere, a nano-protrusion, a nano-wire, and the like. The stealth structure is irrelevant to the substrate and can be made on any rigid substrate with the thickness of more than 0.1 mm; regardless of the shape of the substrate, the substrate may be a plane, a curved surface, an arc surface, or the like.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises optical inspection, wherein the periodic microstructure morphology is determined by using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope to inspect the processing region.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of checking the wave absorbing performance, wherein the bow-shaped frame is used for testing the wave absorbing performance of the coating, and the spectrophotometer is used for testing the reflectivity of the coating.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises a laser absorption performance test, wherein a laser radar is adopted to test the coating, a standard diffuse reflection plate is firstly adopted to calibrate the laser radar, then the diffuse reflection plate is replaced by a coating sample, and the maximum acting distance of the laser radar under specific power is tested and calculated.
In the application, fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a stealth structure of an aircraft surface radar laser wide band, wherein 1 is used for representing a wave-absorbing coating; 2 is used to represent a topcoat layer; 3 is used to represent incident light; 4 is used to represent the outgoing light; 5 is used to represent the incident radar wave; 6 is used to represent microstructure; the stealth structure is formed by a substrate, a wave-absorbing coating 1, a finish layer 2 and a microstructure 6 on the finish layer 2 in fig. 1.
The thickness of the substrate, the wave-absorbing coating 1, and the top coating layer 2, and the shape and dimensions of the microstructure 6 can be designed according to the required mechanical properties and wave-absorbing properties.
The application also provides an aircraft surface radar laser wide-band stealth structure, which is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the aircraft surface radar laser wide-band stealth structure.
Through testing, the reflectivity of the coating is tested by a spectrophotometer, the laser reflectivity of the 355nm-10.6 mu m wave band of the coating after treatment is below 0.1, and the laser reflectivity of the untreated coating is above 0.8; the radar absorbing performance of the coating after treatment is the same as that of the untreated coating.
According to a laser radar acting distance formula:
wherein P is R Is to receive laser power, P T Is the emitted laser power, G T Is the transmit line gain, σ is the target scattering cross section, D is the receive aperture, R is the laser radar to target distance, η Atm Is the single pass atmospheric transmission coefficient, eta sys Is the transmission coefficient of the optical system of the lidar. Taking a typical 2000m distance test as an example, under the condition of reflectivity of 0.1, the received laser power is 10% of the emitted power, and the calculated laser radar working distance is changed from 2000m to 1123.6m, so that the laser absorption effect is improved by 77%.
As shown in fig. 2, the mechanism by which the microstructure absorbs laser light includes two parts, and the laser light irradiates the inner wall of the microstructure 6 to generate refraction and scattering, and the micro-pores are described as an example. The refracted laser enters the interior of the finishing paint material with the micropores, so that energy is absorbed and cannot be reflected to the exterior; scattered laser becomes a plurality of laser beams which repeatedly propagate in the micro-holes, wherein partial wavelengths are the same, optical path differences are generated between the beams with different optical paths, the optical path differences=phase differences are the wavelengths/2 pi, when the phase differences meet (2n+1) pi, the two beams generate destructive interference to cancel each other, the laser reflected outside the micro-holes is reduced, and n is the refractive index of the laser in the air in the micro-holes.
To further disclose the nature of the present application, the following examples are provided to illustrate the application in detail with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. It is to be understood that the application is not to be limited to the specific conditions or details set forth in the examples except insofar as such conditions are specified in the appended claims.
Example 1:
1. the base material is placed in a processing position. The substrate material is titanium alloy plate, the plate is cleaned with ethanol to clean the processing surface, and the clamp is clamped and placed at the processing position;
2. spraying a stealth coating on the surface of the plate to enable the plate to be completely dried;
3. positioning, namely positioning the position and the range to be processed by using a sticker or laser marking;
4. focusing, closing a processing shutter, opening the focusing shutter, and positioning at a processing position by 532nm laser;
5. and (3) processing, namely closing a focusing shutter, opening the processing shutter, processing a positioning area by adopting 1026nm femtosecond laser, wherein the processing laser power is 0.2W, the repetition frequency is 2MHz, the light spot size is 2 mu m, and the light spot moving speed is 10mm/s. The processing path is unidirectional;
6. optical inspection, namely inspecting a processing area by adopting an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope, and determining the shape of the periodic microstructure;
7. and (3) checking the wave absorbing performance, testing the wave absorbing performance of the coating by adopting a bow-shaped frame, and testing the reflectivity of the coating by adopting a spectrophotometer.
8. And testing laser absorption performance, namely testing a coating by adopting a laser radar, firstly calibrating the laser radar by adopting a standard diffuse reflection plate, then replacing the diffuse reflection plate with a coating sample, and testing and calculating the maximum acting distance of the laser radar under specific power.
9. The surface of the finish paint has no obvious processing trace, the laser reflectivity of the finish paint is 0.89 before and after the finish paint is treated, and the laser stealth effect is not shown.
Example 2:
1. the base material is placed in a processing position. The substrate material is titanium alloy plate, the plate is cleaned with ethanol to clean the processing surface, and the clamp is clamped and placed at the processing position;
2. spraying a stealth coating on the surface of the plate to enable the plate to be completely dried;
3. positioning, namely positioning the position and the range to be processed by using a sticker or laser marking;
4. focusing, closing a processing shutter, opening the focusing shutter, and positioning at a processing position by 532nm laser;
5. processing, namely closing a focusing shutter, opening the processing shutter, processing a positioning area by adopting 1026nm femtosecond laser, wherein the processing laser power is 40W, the repetition frequency is 2MHz, the light spot size is 2 mu m, and the light spot moving speed is 10mm/s. The processing path is unidirectional;
6. and (3) optical inspection, namely inspecting a processing area by adopting an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope, and determining the appearance of the periodic microstructure, wherein the appearance of the periodic microstructure is determined when the sample piece finish paint breaks down.
Example 3:
1. the base material is placed in a processing position. The substrate material is titanium alloy plate, the plate is cleaned with ethanol to clean the processing surface, and the clamp is clamped and placed at the processing position;
2. spraying a stealth coating on the surface of the plate to enable the plate to be completely dried;
3. positioning, namely positioning the position and the range to be processed by using a sticker or laser marking;
4. focusing, closing a processing shutter, opening the focusing shutter, and positioning at a processing position by 532nm laser;
5. and (3) processing, namely closing the focusing shutter, opening the processing shutter, processing a positioning area by adopting 1026nm femtosecond laser, wherein the processing laser power is 20W, the repetition frequency is 1KHz, the light spot size is 2 mu m, and the light spot moving speed is 10mm/s. The processing path is unidirectional;
6. optical inspection, namely inspecting a processing area by adopting an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope, and determining the shape of the periodic microstructure;
7. and (3) checking the wave absorbing performance, testing the wave absorbing performance of the coating by adopting a bow-shaped frame, and testing the reflectivity of the coating by adopting a spectrophotometer.
8. And testing laser absorption performance, namely testing a coating by adopting a laser radar, firstly calibrating the laser radar by adopting a standard diffuse reflection plate, then replacing the diffuse reflection plate with a coating sample, and testing and calculating the maximum acting distance of the laser radar under specific power.
9. The laser reflectivity of the sample piece is 0.6, the working distance of the laser radar is 1760m, and the laser absorption effect is improved by 12%.
Example 4:
1. the base material is placed in a processing position. The substrate material is titanium alloy plate, the plate is cleaned with ethanol to clean the processing surface, and the clamp is clamped and placed at the processing position;
2. spraying a stealth coating on the surface of the plate to enable the plate to be completely dried;
3. positioning, namely positioning the position and the range to be processed by using a sticker or laser marking;
4. focusing, closing a processing shutter, opening the focusing shutter, and positioning at a processing position by 532nm laser;
5. and (3) processing, namely closing the focusing shutter, opening the processing shutter, processing a positioning area by adopting 1026nm femtosecond laser, wherein the processing laser power is 20W, the repetition frequency is 7MHz, the light spot size is 2 mu m, and the light spot moving speed is 10mm/s. The processing path is unidirectional;
6. optical inspection, namely inspecting a processing area by adopting an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope, and determining the shape of the periodic microstructure;
7. and (3) checking the wave absorbing performance, testing the wave absorbing performance of the coating by adopting a bow-shaped frame, and testing the reflectivity of the coating by adopting a spectrophotometer.
8. And testing laser absorption performance, namely testing a coating by adopting a laser radar, firstly calibrating the laser radar by adopting a standard diffuse reflection plate, then replacing the diffuse reflection plate with a coating sample, and testing and calculating the maximum acting distance of the laser radar under specific power.
9. The laser reflectivity of the sample piece is 0.4, and the working distance of the laser radar is 1590m and 79% of the original 2000m, but part of the finish paint is broken down.
Examples 1-4 above illustrate that the stealth structures can only be formed within certain processing laser parameters. Examples 1 and 2 are processing laser powers, and examples 3 and 4 are repetition rate parameters.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present application, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the scope of the application.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the laser wide-band stealth structure of the aircraft surface radar is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
surface treatment is carried out on the substrate;
spraying a wave-absorbing coating on the single-side surface of the substrate subjected to surface treatment, and obtaining the wave-absorbing coating after the wave-absorbing coating is completely dried;
spraying finishing paint on the wave-absorbing coating, and obtaining a finishing paint layer after the finishing paint is completely dried;
irradiating the topcoat layer with femtosecond laser pulses and creating a microstructure of a plurality of controlled surfaces on the topcoat layer by varying parameters of the laser pulses incident on the topcoat layer, wherein the microstructure of the plurality of controlled surfaces satisfies the following conditions: the phase difference of the light beams generated on the inner wall of the microstructure is enabled to meet (2n+1) pi according to the optical path difference = phase difference = wavelength/2 pi, wherein n is the laser refractive index of air in the microstructure;
the microstructure includes at least one of: a nanopore, a nanocavity, a nanosphere, a nanoprotrusion, a nanowire.
2. A method of making an aircraft surface radar laser wide band stealth structure according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of, prior to irradiating the topcoat layer with a femtosecond laser pulse:
marking the position and the range to be processed by using a sticker or laser;
closing the processing shutter, opening the focusing shutter, and positioning at a processing position by 532nm laser;
and closing the focusing shutter, opening the processing shutter, and processing the positioning area by using femtosecond laser.
3. The method for preparing the stealth structure of the laser wide band of the surface radar of the aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the parameters of the femtosecond laser are as follows: wavelength 1026nm, power 20W, repetition frequency 2MHz, spot size 2 μm, spot movement rate 10mm/s, and processing path unidirectional.
4. The method for manufacturing an aircraft surface radar laser wide-band stealth structure according to claim 2, further comprising optical inspection: and checking a processing area by adopting an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope, and determining the shape of the periodic microstructure.
5. The method for preparing the stealth structure of the laser wide band of the surface radar of the aircraft according to claim 1, further comprising the step of checking the wave absorbing performance: the wave absorbing performance of the coating is tested by adopting a bow-shaped frame, and the reflectivity of the coating is tested by adopting a spectrophotometer.
6. The method for preparing the stealth structure of the laser wide band of the surface radar of the aircraft according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of testing the laser absorption performance, testing the coating by adopting the laser radar, firstly calibrating the laser radar by adopting a standard diffuse reflection plate, then replacing the diffuse reflection plate with a coating sample, and testing and calculating the maximum acting distance of the laser radar under specific power.
7. An aircraft surface radar laser wide-band stealth structure, characterized in that it is manufactured by the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1-6.
8. Use of an aircraft surface radar laser wide band stealth structure prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-6 in radar, laser stealth.
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