CN115896636A - Preparation method of high-hardness roller - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-hardness roller Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of rollers, and provides a preparation method of a high-hardness roller, which comprises an outer layer, a middle layer and a core part, wherein the outer layer comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 1.3 to 2 percent of C, 0.8 to 1.4 percent of Si, 1.4 to 1.8 percent of Mn, 1.8 to 2.2 percent of V, 3.8 to 4.5 percent of Cr, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Nb, 1.8 to 2.4 percent of Mo, 1.6 to 1.8 percent of W, 0.5 to 0.9 percent of B, 2 to 3 percent of Co, 0.5 to 1 percent of ZrC, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. Through the technical scheme, the problem that hardness, toughness and corrosion resistance of the roller in the related technology cannot be simultaneously considered is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rollers, in particular to a preparation method of a high-hardness roller.
Background
With the development of steel rolling technology, the speed and automation degree of a rolling mill are continuously improved, which has higher requirements on the quality of the roller, particularly the wear resistance, strength and toughness of the roller. Therefore, in recent years, research and development technicians at home and abroad carry out a great deal of research on the roller material and make a breakthrough in manufacturing a new generation of composite rollers by using high-speed steel.
The high-speed steel composite roll is a high-performance roll, also known as wind steel or high-speed steel, can be hardened even if cooled in air during quenching, and is very sharp. It is an alloy steel with complex components and contains carbide forming elements such as tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium and the like.
Boron is a cheap non-metallic element, and Chinese boron resources are rich, and trace boron can improve the hardenability and hardenability of steel. The boron reacts with the iron to generate boride with high hardness, which is beneficial to improving the wear resistance of the roller. Meanwhile, the vanadium content in the high-speed steel roller can be greatly reduced by adding boron, and the grinding performance of the high-speed steel roller is improved. Reducing the vanadium content also significantly reduces vanadium segregation during centrifugal casting, which has a good effect on improving and stabilizing roll performance.
The invention Chinese patent 201210096764.6 discloses a boron-containing centrifugal composite high-speed steel roll and a preparation method thereof, and due to the addition of boron, a heat treatment process suitable for chemical composition of the boron-containing centrifugal composite high-speed steel roll is developed, a high-temperature quenching process is omitted, the energy consumption of heat treatment of the roll is low, the period is short, the roll cannot be oxidized or decarburized, the roll is safe to use, and the roll is free from roll breakage during use. But the toughness and corrosion resistance of the roll are reduced due to the addition of boron.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-hardness roller, which solves the problem that the hardness, toughness and corrosion resistance of the roller in the related technology can not be simultaneously considered.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the high-hardness roller comprises an outer layer, a middle layer and a core, wherein the outer layer comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 1.3 to 2 percent of C, 0.8 to 1.4 percent of Si, 1.4 to 1.8 percent of Mn, 1.8 to 2.2 percent of V, 3.8 to 4.5 percent of Cr, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Nb, 1.8 to 2.4 percent of Mo, 1.6 to 1.8 percent of W, 0.5 to 0.9 percent of B, 2 to 3 percent of Co, 0.5 to 1 percent of Zr, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
As a further technical scheme, the outer layer comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 1.8% of C, 1.0% of Si, 1.6% of Mn, 2% of V, 4.2% of Cr, 0.6% of Nb, 2.0% of Mo, 1.7% of W, 0.7% of B, 2.5% of Co, 0.7% of Zr, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
As a further technical scheme, the chemical components of the middle layer in percentage by weight are as follows: 1.5 to 1.8 percent of C, 1.2 to 1.4 percent of Si, 1.6 to 1.8 percent of Mn, 1.0 to 1.5 percent of V, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of Ni, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
As a further technical scheme, the core comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 3.0 to 3.5 percent of C, 2.0 to 2.8 percent of Si, 0.5 to 1 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of S, 1 to 2 percent of Ni, 0.5 to 1 percent of Cr, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Mo, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Mg, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the high-hardness roller comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively smelting to obtain outer layer molten steel, middle layer molten steel and core molten iron;
s2, adding an alterant into the molten iron on the working layer for modification treatment; (ii) a
S3, carrying out centrifugal casting to obtain a high-hardness roller casting blank;
s4, cooling after heat preservation, and performing surface processing treatment;
s5, heat treatment;
and S6, finishing.
As a further technical solution, the heat treatment specifically comprises:
quenching: heating to 1100-1200 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 5-10 h, rapidly cooling to 400-450 ℃, and slowly cooling to room temperature;
tempering: tempering temperature is 520-550 ℃, tempering time is 10-20 h, and 2 times of tempering are carried out.
As a further technical scheme, the alterant is a mixture of silicon germanium and silicon strontium, the mass ratio of the silicon germanium to the silicon strontium is 1-2:8-9, the alterant is used for modification treatment at 1600-1620 ℃, and the addition amount of the alterant is 0.3-0.5% of the mass of the outer layer molten steel.
The mixture of silicon germanium and silicon strontium is used as a modifier, so that the cast structure of the alloy can be obviously refined, the component segregation is reduced, and the mechanical property and the wear resistance of the roller are improved.
In the step S4, after the casting is completed, heat preservation and slow cooling are performed in the casting pit for 18-24 hours, and then air cooling is performed.
As a further technical scheme, the core molten iron is discharged from the furnace, nodulizing inoculation treatment is carried out, and then pouring is carried out.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the composite roller has a three-layer structure, the boron element is added into the outermost layer, the cost is reduced, the hardness of steel can be improved, but the adding amount of the boron needs to be controlled to be 0.5-0.9%, too low boron does not obviously help to improve the hardness, too high boron causes the toughness to be greatly reduced, the corrosion resistance to be poor, and the service life of the roller is shortened. Meanwhile, in order to solve the problem of toughness reduction caused by the introduction of boron, the invention adds W and Co, and can improve the corrosion resistance of the roller. The introduction of W can further improve hardness, but in the chemical composition of the present invention, the tungsten content if it exceeds 1.8% leads to melting and forming difficulties to some extent. Moreover, the introduction of Co can ensure the toughness of the outer layer of the roll, but too high a content also results in a decrease in corrosion resistance.
2. Aiming at the three-layer chemical composition of the roller, a proper heat treatment process is developed, so that the alloy with the rearranged crystal structure has a more uniform microstructure, which is beneficial to the mechanical property of the roller and the corrosion rate of the alloy.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any inventive step, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the high-hardness roller comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively smelting to obtain outer layer molten steel, middle layer molten steel and core molten iron;
the outer layer molten steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 1.8% of C, 1.0% of Si, 1.6% of Mn, 2% of V, 4.2% of Cr, 0.6% of Nb, 2.0% of Mo, 1.7% of W, 0.7% of B, 2.5% of Co, 0.7% of Zr, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
the middle layer molten steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 1.6% of C, 1.3% of Si, 1.7% of Mn, 1.2% of V, 0.3% of Ni, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
the core molten iron comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 3.2% of C, 2.5% of Si, 0.7% of Mn, 0.02% of P, 0.06% of S, 1.5% of Ni, 0.7% of Cr, 0.5% of Mo, 0.6% of Mg, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
s2, adding a modifier which is 0.4 percent of the mass of the outer layer molten steel into the ladle when the outer layer molten steel is discharged, wherein the modifier is a mixture of silicon strontium and silicon germanium, the mass ratio of the silicon strontium to the silicon germanium is 1:9, modifying at 1610 ℃, and then cooling to 1550 ℃ for discharging (the modifier is dried before use); the molten iron at the core part is discharged from the furnace and then is subjected to spheroidizing inoculation;
s3, carrying out centrifugal pouring on the outer layer molten steel, the middle layer molten steel and the core molten iron to obtain a high-hardness roller casting blank: the pouring temperature of the outer layer molten steel is 1550 ℃, when the temperature of the outer layer molten steel is 1250 ℃, the middle layer molten steel is poured, and when the solidification temperature of the middle layer molten steel is 1150 ℃, the mould closing is stopped to pour the core molten iron;
s4, carrying out heat preservation and slow cooling in the casting pit for 18 hours, then carrying out air cooling, and carrying out surface processing treatment;
s5, heat treatment: quenching: heating to 1150 ℃ at the rate of 30 ℃/h, preserving heat for 9h, rapidly cooling to 420 ℃, and slowly cooling to room temperature;
tempering: tempering temperature is 540 ℃, tempering time is 15h, and 2 times of tempering are carried out.
And S6, finishing.
Example 2
The preparation method of the high-hardness roller comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively smelting to obtain outer layer molten steel, middle layer molten steel and core molten iron;
the outer layer molten steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 2.0% of C, 1.4% of Si, 1.6% of Mn, 2.2% of V, 4.5% of Cr, 0.8% of Nb0.8%, 2.4% of Mo, 1.8% of W, 0.9% of B, 3.0% of Co, 1.0% of Zr, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
the middle layer molten steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 1.8% of C, 11.4% of Si, 1.8% of Mn, 1.5% of V, 0.4% of Ni, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
the core molten iron comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 3.5% of C, 2.8% of Si, 1% of Mn, 0.08% of P, 0.06% of S, 2.0% of Ni, 1.0% of Cr, 0.6% of Mo, 0.8% of Mg, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
s2, adding a modifier which is 0.5 percent of the mass of the outer layer molten steel into the steel ladle when the outer layer molten steel is discharged, wherein the modifier is a mixture of silicon strontium and silicon germanium, the mass ratio of the silicon strontium to the silicon germanium is 2:8, modifying at 1600 ℃, and then cooling to 1550 ℃ for discharging (the modifier is dried before use); after the core molten iron is discharged from the furnace, spheroidizing inoculation is carried out;
s3, carrying out centrifugal pouring on the outer layer molten steel, the middle layer molten steel and the core molten iron to obtain a high-hardness roller casting blank: the pouring temperature of the outer layer molten steel is 1550 ℃, when the temperature of the outer layer molten steel is 1250 ℃, the middle layer molten steel is poured, and when the solidification temperature of the middle layer molten steel is 1150 ℃, the mould closing is stopped to pour the core molten iron;
s4, carrying out heat preservation and slow cooling in the casting pit for 24 hours, then carrying out air cooling, and carrying out surface processing treatment;
s5, heat treatment: quenching: heating to 1100 deg.C at a rate of 30 deg.C/h, maintaining for 10h, rapidly cooling to 400 deg.C, and slowly cooling to room temperature;
tempering: tempering temperature is 550 ℃, tempering time is 10 hours, and 2 times of tempering are carried out.
And S6, finishing.
Example 3
The preparation method of the high-hardness roller comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively smelting to obtain outer layer molten steel, middle layer molten steel and core molten iron;
the outer layer molten steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 1.3% of C, 0.8% of Si, 1.4% of Mn, 1.8% of V, 3.8% of Cr, 0.5% of Nb0.5%, 1.8% of Mo, 1.6% of W, 0.5% of B, 2.0% of Co, 0.5% of Zr, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
the middle layer molten steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 1.5% of C, 1.2% of Si, 1.6% of Mn, 1.0% of V, 0.2% of Ni, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
the core molten iron comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 3.0% of C, 2.0% of Si, 0.5% of Mn, 0.02% of P, 0.04% of S, 1.0% of Ni, 0.5% of Cr, 0.4% of Mo, 0.5% of Mg, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
s2, adding a modifier which is 0.3 percent of the mass of the outer layer molten steel into the steel ladle when the outer layer molten steel is discharged, wherein the modifier is a mixture of silicon strontium and silicon germanium, the mass ratio of the silicon strontium to the silicon germanium is 2:8, modifying at 1600 ℃, and then cooling to 1550 ℃ for discharging (the modifier is dried before use); the molten iron at the core part is discharged from the furnace and then is subjected to spheroidizing inoculation;
s3, carrying out centrifugal pouring on the outer layer molten steel, the middle layer molten steel and the core molten iron to obtain a high-hardness roller casting blank: the casting temperature of the outer layer molten steel is 1560 ℃, the middle layer molten steel is cast when the temperature of the outer layer molten steel is 1250 ℃, and the mould closing is stopped to cast the core molten iron when the solidification temperature of the middle layer molten steel is 1150 ℃;
s4, carrying out heat preservation and slow cooling in the casting pit for 24 hours, then carrying out air cooling, and carrying out surface processing treatment;
s5, heat treatment: quenching: heating to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 5h, rapidly cooling to 450 ℃, and slowly cooling to room temperature;
tempering: tempering temperature is 520 ℃, tempering time is 18h, and 2 times of tempering are carried out.
And S6, finishing.
Example 4
The difference from the example 1 is that the modifier is silicon bismuth, silicon zirconium and silicon germanium with the mass ratio of 10.
Example 5
The difference from the example 1 is that the modifier is a mixture of silicon cerium and silicon germanium with the mass ratio of 1:9, and the rest is the same as the example 1.
Example 6
The difference from the example 1 is that the modifier is a mixture of strontium silicon and silicon germanium, the mass ratio of the strontium silicon to the silicon germanium is 3:7, and the rest is the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the embodiment 2 is that the outer layer molten steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: example 2 was repeated except for C2.0%, si 1.4%, mn 1.6%, V2.2%, cr 4.5%, nb0.8%, mo 2.4%, W1.8%, B1.2%, co 3.0%, zr 1.0%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Hardness test was performed according to GB/T1504-2008, and impact toughness test was performed according to GB/T229-2007 Charpy impact test, with the results shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 roller Performance test of examples and comparative examples
| Item | Hardness HSD | Impact toughness/J/cm 2 |
| Example 1 | 86 | 13.2 |
| Example 2 | 82 | 12.5 |
| Example 3 | 79 | 12.8 |
| Example 4 | 77 | 11.7 |
| Example 5 | 70 | 10.2 |
| Example 6 | 73 | 11.4 |
| Comparative example 1 | 82 | 11.9 |
In comparative example 1, the addition amount of B was increased, the toughness was lowered, but the hardness was almost unchanged, so that the addition amount of B in the present invention was strictly controlled to ensure excellent hardness and impact toughness properties of the roll. In examples 4 to 6, the modifier was changed, the hardness and toughness were reduced, and the best modification effect was obtained by using the modifiers of examples 1 to 3 for the chemical composition of the outer layer molten steel of the present invention.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high-hardness roller comprises an outer layer, an intermediate layer and a core, and is characterized in that the outer layer comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 1.3 to 2 percent of C, 0.8 to 1.4 percent of Si, 1.4 to 1.8 percent of Mn, 1.8 to 2.2 percent of V, 3.8 to 4.5 percent of Cr, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Nb, 1.8 to 2.4 percent of Mo, 1.6 to 1.8 percent of W, 0.5 to 0.9 percent of B, 2 to 3 percent of Co, 0.5 to 1 percent of Zr, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The high-hardness roller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer layer comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 1.8% of C, 1.0% of Si, 1.6% of Mn, 2% of V, 4.2% of Cr, 0.6% of Nb, 2.0% of Mo, 1.7% of W, 0.7% of B, 2.5% of Co, 0.7% of Zr, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities.
3. The high-hardness roller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 1.5 to 1.8 percent of C, 1.2 to 1.4 percent of Si, 1.6 to 1.8 percent of Mn, 1.0 to 1.5 percent of V, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of Ni, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
4. The high-hardness roller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 3.0 to 3.5 percent of C, 2.0 to 2.8 percent of Si, 0.5 to 1 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of S, 1 to 2 percent of Ni, 0.5 to 1 percent of Cr, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Mo, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Mg, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
5. A method for manufacturing a high-hardness roll according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
s1, respectively smelting to obtain outer layer molten steel, middle layer molten steel and core molten iron;
s2, adding an alterant into the molten iron on the working layer for modification treatment; (ii) a
S3, carrying out centrifugal casting to obtain a high-hardness roller casting blank;
s4, cooling after heat preservation, and performing surface processing treatment;
s5, heat treatment;
and S6, finishing.
6. The method for manufacturing a high-hardness roller according to claim 5, wherein the heat treatment is specifically:
quenching: heating to 1100-1200 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 5-10 h, rapidly cooling to 400-450 ℃, and slowly cooling to room temperature;
tempering: tempering temperature is 520-550 ℃, tempering time is 10-20 h, and 2 times of tempering are carried out.
7. The method for preparing a high-hardness roller according to claim 5, wherein the modifier is a mixture of silicon germanium and silicon strontium, and the mass ratio of the silicon germanium to the silicon strontium is 1-2:8-9.
8. The method for manufacturing a high-hardness roller according to claim 5, wherein the quality of the roller is changed at 1600 ℃ -1620 ℃, and the addition amount of the quality-changing agent is 0.3% -0.5% of the mass of the molten steel of the outer layer.
9. The method for preparing a high-hardness roller according to claim 5, wherein in the step S4, after the casting is completed, the high-hardness roller is slowly cooled for 18-24 hours in a casting pit and then cooled in air.
10. The method for manufacturing a high-hardness roller according to claim 5, wherein the core molten iron is cast after tapping and is subjected to spheroidizing inoculation.
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