CN104878296A - High vanadium anti-wear alloy material for rolling mill guide roller and rolling mill guide roller heat treatment method - Google Patents
High vanadium anti-wear alloy material for rolling mill guide roller and rolling mill guide roller heat treatment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high vanadium anti-wear alloy material for a rolling mill guide roller and a rolling mill guide roller heat treatment method. The high vanadium anti-wear alloy material for the rolling mill guide roller consists of constituents of, by weight percent, 2.0-2.8% of C, 12-14% of Cr, 6.0-8.0% of V, and the balance Fe. The rolling mill guide roller heat treatment method includes following steps: firstly, performing softening annealing on the rolling mill guide roller under 930-950 degree centigrade; then, preheating the rolling mill guide roller under 700 degree centigrade, and performing quenching treatment under 980-1020 degree centigrade; finally, performing tempering treatment under 400-550 degree centigrade. The high vanadium anti-wear alloy material for the rolling mill guide roller and the rolling mill guide roller heat treatment method have the effects of improving red hardness, heat stability and impact toughness of guide roller materials, and prolong use life of the rolling mill guide roller by 6 times.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparations and applicatio field of novel material, be specifically related to the high vanadium wear resistant alloy material of one milling train deflector roll and milling train deflector roll heat treating method.
Background technology
Deflector roll is the main consumption spare part on rod, rod rolling equipment, in the operation of rolling, is used for carrying section bar and wire rod to make it enter milling train smoothly.Deflector roll operationally bears rolled piece and constantly clashes into, and rub for a long time with rolled piece under high temperature (rolled piece temperature about about 1000 DEG C), high speed, the impact of alternation thermal load (water coolant must be applied to deflector roll to reduce deflector roll temperature) will be born in addition, therefore its work-ing life is short, consumption large, it is frequent to change, and is one of bottleneck restricting steel production at present.
Research finds, the modal failure cause of deflector roll is the inefficacy that surface abrasion causes, and is secondly that deflector roll is scrapped because of cracking or steel bonding.When manufacturing deflector roll, in order to the alloy material that the wear resistance increasing deflector roll chooses usually, improve the hardness of deflector roll, but deflector roll much higher hard can cause again deflector roll toughness to reduce, and easily brittle rupture occurs during use.Usually the deflector roll material adopted both at home and abroad has three kinds, the first is the high temperature steel with austenite structure---this type of material has good high-temperature stability and toughness, but wear no resistance, quick abrasion, and the mutual sticking tendency of austenite and wire rod (being organized as ferrite or austenite) itself is comparatively large, easily steel bonding occurs; The second is wear resisting steel or the antifriction cast iron with martensitic stucture---this class material at room temperature has good wear resistance, but along with the raising of use temperature, martensite generation tempering, wear resistance can reduce; The third is Wimet---Wimet deflector roll has good wear resistance and high-temperature stability usually, but the impelling strength of this deflector roll is poor, easily brittle rupture occurs.
For the variety of problems of current material, in recent years, the educational circles of research both at home and abroad puts forth effort on exploitation novel material or carries out modification to current material.Tsing-Hua University's invention have developed a kind of nickel-base high-temperature alloy material and thermal treatment process (CN100482840C) thereof of deflector roll, adopt deflector roll prepared by nickel-base high-temperature alloy material, although have good high temperature oxidation resistance, thermal shock resistance and hot strength, its work-ing life increases relative to traditional deflector roll material, but cost is higher.A kind of iron-based high-temperature alloy material for guide roller is proposed in China patent CN101597715B, by adding Mn, Si, Mo, V and rare earth element etc., obtain the deflector roll alloy material had compared with premium properties at lower cost, but its composition is comparatively complicated, and made deflector roll hardness improves limited (HRC 55-60).Also the method adopting surface application alloy or matrix material is had both at home and abroad, but the matrix material of coating is the expensive matrix material such as WC-Co matrix material, WC-Ni matrix material, TiC-Ti matrix material normally, and obviously do not improve microstructure of surface cladding layer and performance by thermal treatment, and coating processes adopts single spraying coating process or laser melting and coating process or vacuum sintering technique---and adopt single spraying coating process can only form mechanical bond with steel matrix; Adopt laser melting coating, cost is high, and cladding layer is shallow; Though vacuum sintering melting and coating process can form metallurgical binding, cladding be mostly expensive low melting point Ni base alloy, cost is high, complex process, performance improve limited.
In sum, research and develop excellent property, cost is low and preparation technology's simple milling train deflector roll high temperature wear resistant alloy material is extremely urgent.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides that a kind of hardness is high, wear resistance good, impact resistance is excellent, cost is low, milling train deflector roll high vanadium wear resistant alloy material and milling train deflector roll heat treating method that cost performance is high, with solve traditional deflector roll material under arms time serious wear, the problem such as life-span short replacement is frequent, fragility is large.
The present invention be technical solution problem by the following technical solutions:
The high vanadium wear resistant alloy material of milling train deflector roll, is characterized in, each component formation by mass percentage of this high vanadium wear resistant alloy material is: C is 2.0-2.8%, Cr be 12-14%, V is 6.0-8.0%, and surplus is Fe.
Further, this high vanadium wear resistant alloy material further comprises Si and Mn, and the mass percent shared by Si and Mn is respectively: Si is 0.6-0.8%, Mn is 0.8-1.0%.
Further, this high vanadium wear resistant alloy material further comprises Mo, and the mass percent shared by Mo is 0.8-1.2%.
Again further, each component of this high temperature wear resistant alloy material formation is by mass percentage: C is 2.6%, Si be 0.7%, Mn be 0.8%, Cr be 12.5%, Mo be 1.0%, V be 8%, P be≤0.03%, S is≤0.03%.
Again further, each component of this high temperature wear resistant alloy material formation is by mass percentage: C is 2.5%, Si be 0.6%, Mn be 1.0%, Cr be 13.5%, Mo be 1.0%, V be 6.9%, P be≤0.03%, S is≤0.03%.
Again further, each component of this high temperature wear resistant alloy material formation is by mass percentage: C is 2.5%, Si be 0.6%, Mn be 1.0%, Cr be 14%, Mo be 0.93%, V be 8%, P be≤0.03%, S is≤0.03%.
Present invention also offers a kind of milling train deflector roll heat treating method:
A kind of milling train deflector roll heat treating method, be characterized in, milling train deflector roll is made up of above-mentioned high temperature wear resistant alloy material, and its heat treating method comprises the steps:
Step 1, softening annealing---carry out softening annealing to milling train deflector roll at 930 DEG C-950 DEG C, after annealing, insulation 2-4 hour, then cools to room temperature with the furnace;
Step 2, quench treatment---to the preheating of the milling train deflector roll processed through step 1 through 700 DEG C, be incubated 1 hour, reheat to 980 DEG C-1020 DEG C, insulation 4-5 hour, then air cooling is to room temperature;
Step 3, temper---the milling train deflector roll processed through step 2 is heated to 400 DEG C-550 DEG C, and insulation 2-3 hour, then cools to room temperature with the furnace.
Further, the heat-up rate being heated to 930 DEG C-950 DEG C by room temperature in step 1 softening annealing is 120-160 DEG C/h.
Further, the heat-up rate being heated to 980 DEG C-1020 DEG C by room temperature in step 2 quench treatment process is 180-210 DEG C/h.
Further, the heat-up rate being heated to 400 DEG C-550 DEG C by room temperature in step 3 temper process is 50 DEG C-80 DEG C/h.
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
The ratio that traditional deflector roll material substantially increases V element compared by high temperature wear resistant alloy material of the present invention, V element and C element can form a large amount of rod-shorts and roll into a ball spherical VC, VC is evenly distributed in alloy collective as hard phase, substantially increases the wear resisting property of alloy material of the present invention; Meanwhile, V also has the effect of strong crystal grain thinning, both improves alloy strength, and can improve toughness again simultaneously; V is solid-solution in the hardening capacity that can also significantly improve steel in matrix, has the effect of certain precipitation hardening.
Anneal in milling train deflector roll heat treating method of the present invention can improve machinability, eliminates unrelieved stress, crystal grain thinning, and adjustment tissue, eliminates tissue defects; Quench treatment can make alloying element fully dissolve, thus significantly improves the hardness of alloy material, wear resistance and red hardness; Temper can reduce or eliminate internal stress in quenching part to improve its ductility or toughness, matrix can also be made to separate out proeutectoid carbide, reach the effect of secondary hardening.
Milling train deflector roll tool of the present invention has good wearability and thermal shock resistance, and under high temperature, resistance of oxidation is strong, and its work-ing life improves 6 times compared with traditional deflector roll.Therefore, adopt milling train deflector roll of the present invention to significantly reduce the replacement frequency of deflector roll, substantially increase production efficiency, there is obvious economic benefit.
Embodiment
Be clearly and completely described technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making other embodiments all obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Milling train deflector roll high temperature wear resistant alloy material in the present invention, its each component formation is by mass percentage: C is 2.0-2.8%, Cr be 12-14%, V be 6.0-8.0%, Si be 0.6-0.8%, Mn be 0.8-1.0%, Mo is 0.8-1.2%, and surplus is Fe.
embodiment 1
Present embodiments provide the technical process adopting high temperature wear resistant alloy material of the present invention to prepare milling train deflector roll, comprising milling train deflector roll heat treating method provided by the invention.
When utilizing high temperature wear resistant alloy material of the present invention to prepare milling train deflector roll, first liquid high temperature wear resistant alloy material is obtained by melting, then the wear resistant alloy material of liquid state is cast as milling train deflector roll, then heat-treating and precision work casting the milling train deflector roll obtained, specifically comprising following step:
Step 1, alloy raw material prepare and casting molds preparation
Alloy raw material set-up procedure is as follows:
The mass percent of the starting material such as steel scrap, iron filings, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, vanadium iron by above described chemical composition is prepared burden.Wherein, the mean carbon content of furnace charge is allocated into by the lower limit of specification composition, and starting material surface should without greasy dirt, without scab foreign material, the oxide skin that can not peel off; Then, reinforced in induction melting furnace.The starting material such as steel scrap, iron filings, the pig iron, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome, vanadium iron add at when filling with substance, and ferromanganese, ferrosilicon add in fusion process.Time reinforced, first add bulk material in crucible bottom with near the high-temperature zone at sidewall of crucible place, dead small is placed on middle and cold zone, top, and fills up dead small densely in the gap of bulk material.First fill the furnace charge of 95%, after the molten sampling to the greatest extent of furnace charge, then add the furnace charge of residue 5%.The addition sequence of alloy is followed successively by: ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, is finally vanadium iron.
Casting molds is prepared as follows:
First, make deflector roll model with low-temperature wax basic mode material, obtain deflector roll model shell with silicon sol-water glass composite shell process for making shell.In silicon sol-water glass composite mold shell preparation process, deflector roll model first carries out layer 2-3 silicon sol casing, then carry out 3-4 layer water glass shell, carry out steam dewaxing after seasoning, obtain deflector roll formwork shell.
Step 2, alloy melting and casting
When starting to be energized, first adopt the power of about 60%, after rush of current stops, power is progressively enlarged to maximum value.Material is smash in the load melting rear attention in bottom, prevents scaffolding, and constantly reinforced to keep furnace charge consolidation.After major part is load melting, slag making materials (lime powder: the Fluorspar Powder=2:1) slag making adding 1.2% covers molten steel.When 95% furnace charge first filled is melting down, total analysis is carried out in sampling, and is added in stove by all the other furnace charges of 5%.After slag chargeization is clear, on slag face, killing (lime powder: aluminium powder=1:2) carries out diffusive deoxidation.Meanwhile, according to the chemical composition of chemical composition analysis result adjustment molten steel, wherein silicon, Fe content in first 10 minutes of tapping by adding ferrosilicon, ferromanganese adjusts.When molten steel heating to 1560 DEG C and circle cup sample shrinks good time, extract half slag, insert the further deoxidation of silico-calcium of 0.2%, on the top of the slag, then spread the reductor of one deck lime powder and aluminium powder.When molten steel temperature reaches more than 1580 DEG C, remove whole slag, add the cryolite powder of 0.07% immediately and aluminium is vertically inserted furnace bottom.Then stir molten steel, power failure turndown is tapped, and obtains liquid high temperature wear resistant alloy material, i.e. alloy material molten steel.
While alloy melting, roasting deflector roll shell, maturing temperature is 900-950 DEG C, and soaking time is 1 hour.After roasting terminates, alloy molten steel melting obtained is poured in shell and is poured into a mould; The tapping temperature of molten steel is 1600-1620 DEG C, and start cast when molten steel is cooled to 1530-1540 DEG C, deflector roll shell temperature is 450-550 DEG C; After cast, foundry goods is cooled to room temperature with shell, obtains deflector roll after removing gating system;
Step 3, softening annealing
Deflector roll foundry goods step 2 obtained is heated to 930 DEG C-950 DEG C by room temperature with the heat-up rate of 120-160 DEG C/h, and insulation 2-4 hour, then cools to room temperature with the furnace.
Step 4, roughing
Conventional knife is adopted to carry out machining to the deflector roll foundry goods that step 3 obtains.
Step 5, quench treatment
Deflector roll after step 4 machining is heated to 700 DEG C of preheatings by room temperature with the heat-up rate of 180-210 DEG C/h, is incubated 1 hour, reheats to 980 DEG C-1020 DEG C, insulation 4-5 hour, then air cooling is to room temperature.
Step 6, temper
Deflector roll after step 5 quench treatment is heated to 400 DEG C-550 DEG C by room temperature with the heat-up rate of 50-80 DEG C/h, and insulation 2-3 hour, then cools to room temperature with the furnace.
Step 7, precision work
Deflector roll inserted tool after step 6 temper is finish-machined to finished product deflector roll.
In the present embodiment alloy material, each element interaction of tissue morphology is as follows:
The matrix of alloy material of the present invention is the needle-like of high rigidity or hidden needle type martensite, relative to inductile austenite or the herring-bone form ledeburite organization matrix of traditional deflector roll material, the matrix form of alloy material of the present invention makes the hardness of obtained deflector roll higher, wear resistance is better, and impelling strength is also more superior.
The ratio that traditional deflector roll material substantially increases V element compared by the high temperature wear resistant alloy material of the present embodiment, V element and C element can form a large amount of rod-shorts and roll into a ball spherical VC, its hardness can up to 2600HV (about 90HRC), VC is evenly distributed in alloy collective as hard phase, substantially increases the wear resisting property of alloy material of the present invention; Meanwhile, V also has the effect of strong crystal grain thinning, both improves alloy strength, and can improve toughness again simultaneously; V is solid-solution in the hardening capacity that can also significantly improve steel in matrix, has the effect of certain precipitation hardening.If but V content is too high, strengthening effect can be saturated, therefore in the present invention, the content of V element controls at 6%-8%.
Mo unit in alloy material have the effect of solution strengthening, can improve alloy rigidity, thus promote wear resistance; In addition, the existence of Mo element also helps the ability improving the hardening capacity of matrix material, thermotolerance and thermal fatigue resistance and peel off and rupture; Mo also has the effect of certain crystal grain thinning.
Si element in alloy material is dissolved in matrix and can improves matrix hardness and intensity, and its this effect comparatively the element such as Mn, Mo and V is strong.But siliceous more than 3% time, will significantly reduce the toughness of steel.In the present invention, the ratio of control Si is at 0.6%-0.8%.Si is also good reductor simultaneously; In addition, siliceous steel is in high temperature oxidative atmosphere, and surface will form one deck SiO2 film, thus improves the oxidation-resistance of steel when high temperature.
Mn in alloy material is good reductor and sweetening agent, and can eliminate or weaken the red brittleness of the steel caused by sulphur, thus improves the hot workability of steel.In addition, Mn and Fe forms sosoloid, improves matrix strength, effectively promotes wear resistance.
Fe in alloy material of the present invention, Cr, Mo and C can also form the M7C3 type alloy carbide of high rigidity, its hardness is up to 1800HV, this type of carbide is evenly distributed in alloy collective as hard phase, substantially increases the wear resisting property of alloy material of the present invention.
In the present invention, milling train deflector roll heat treating method effect is as follows:
Step 3, step 5 and step 6 in above-mentioned preparation flow be combined as milling train deflector roll heat treating method provided by the invention.By the anneal of step 3, machinability can be improved; Eliminate unrelieved stress, stable dimensions, reduce distortion and be inclined to crackle; Crystal grain thinning, adjustment tissue, eliminates tissue defects.By the quench treatment of step 5, alloying element can be made fully to dissolve, thus significantly improve the hardness of alloy material, wear resistance and red hardness.By the temper of step 6, can reduce or eliminate the internal stress in quenching part, to improve its ductility or toughness; Temper can also make matrix separate out proeutectoid carbide, reaches the effect of secondary hardening.
embodiment 2
Weigh the performance of milling train deflector roll of the present invention with high vanadium wear resistant alloy material below by embodiment more specifically, main indexes has surface hardness (sign wear resistance), impelling strength and steel transportation amount (weighing work-ing life).When carrying out performance test, respective material is all prepared into the deflector roll of diameter 59mm.
Following table 1 gives several groups of matrix materials material composition by mass percentage of the present embodiment.
Table 1 matrix material material composition by mass percentage
| Group | C | Cr | V | Si | Mn | Mo | P | S | Fe |
| 1 | 2.6 | 12.5 | 8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.0 | ≤0.03％ | ≤0.03％ | Surplus |
| 2 | 2.5 | 13.5 | 6.9 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ≤0.03％ | ≤0.03％ | Surplus |
| 3 | 2.5 | 14 | 8 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 0.93 | ≤0.03％ | ≤0.03％ | Surplus |
Wherein, P and S is the detrimental impurity in alloy material, in actual production, guarantee that the scope of the mass percent of P and S meets P≤0.03%, S≤0.03%, to improve metallurgical quality, prevents hot-short and cold short.
Table 2 gives several groups of matrix materials of the present embodiment concrete thermal treatment process.
Table 2 matrix material thermal treatment process
Table 3 gives the performance test results of the milling train deflector roll be made up of several groups of matrix materials of the present embodiment.
Table 3 milling train deflector roll the performance test results
The steel transportation amount of 59mm model tradition deflector roll is generally all below 600 tons, and the milling train deflector roll steel transportation amount of the present embodiment is on average more than 3500 tons, compares traditional deflector roll and improves nearly 6 times work-ing life.In addition, its surface hardness of milling train deflector roll of the present embodiment and impelling strength performance all excellent, the impelling strength of deflector roll on average about 10J/cm in China patent CN101597715B
2, hardness is about 55-57, and average oxidation speed is about 0.32g/m
2h.Visible, its performance of milling train deflector roll prepared by high vanadium wear resistant alloy material of the present invention has compared to existing technology and significantly promotes.
Be described in detail milling train deflector roll provided by the present invention high vanadium wear resistant alloy material and milling train deflector roll heat treating method by embodiment above, the explanation of above embodiment just understands method of the present invention and core concept thereof for helping; For one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, all will change in specific embodiments and applications, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the high vanadium wear resistant alloy material of milling train deflector roll, is characterized in that, each component formation by mass percentage of this high temperature wear resistant alloy material of this superalloy is: C is 2.0-2.8%, Cr be 12-14%, V is 6.0-8.0%, and surplus is Fe.
2. the high vanadium wear resistant alloy material of milling train deflector roll according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this high temperature wear resistant alloy material also comprises Si and Mn; Wherein, the mass percent that Si is shared in described high temperature wear resistant alloy material is 0.6-0.8%, the Mn mass percent shared by described high temperature wear resistant alloy material is 0.8-1.0%.
3. the high vanadium wear resistant alloy material of milling train deflector roll according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this high temperature wear resistant alloy material also comprises Mo; The mass percent of Mo shared by described high temperature wear resistant alloy material is 0.8-1.2%.
4. the high vanadium wear resistant alloy material of milling train deflector roll according to claim 1 and 2 and 3, it is characterized in that, each component formation by mass percentage of this high temperature wear resistant alloy material is: C is 2.6%, Si is 0.7%, Mn be 0.8%, Cr is 12.5%, Mo is 1.0%, V is 8%, P be≤0.03%, S is≤0.03%.
5. the high vanadium wear resistant alloy material of milling train deflector roll according to claim 1 and 2 and 3, it is characterized in that, each component formation by mass percentage of this high temperature wear resistant alloy material is: C is 2.5%, Si is 0.6%, Mn be 1.0%, Cr is 13.5%, Mo is 1.0%, V is 6.9%, P be≤0.03%, S is≤0.03%.
6. the high vanadium wear resistant alloy material of milling train deflector roll according to claim 1 and 2 and 3, it is characterized in that, each component formation by mass percentage of this high temperature wear resistant alloy material is: C is 2.5%, Si is 0.6%, Mn be 1.0%, Cr is 14%, Mo is 0.93%, V is 8%, P be≤0.03%, S is≤0.03%.
7. milling train deflector roll heat treating method, is characterized in that, milling train deflector roll is made up of the high vanadium wear resistant alloy material one of claim 1-6 Suo Shu, and its heat treating method comprises the steps:
Step 1, anneal
Carry out anneal to milling train deflector roll at 930 DEG C-950 DEG C, after annealing, insulation 2-4 hour, then cools to room temperature with the furnace;
Step 2, quench treatment
To the preheating of the milling train deflector roll processed through step 1 through 700 DEG C, be incubated 1 hour, reheat to 980 DEG C-1020 DEG C, insulation 4-5 hour, then air cooling is to room temperature;
Step 3, temper
The milling train deflector roll processed through step 2 is heated to 400 DEG C-550 DEG C, and insulation 2-3 hour, then cools to room temperature with the furnace.
8. milling train deflector roll heat treating method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the heat-up rate that in described step 1, softening annealing process is heated to 930 DEG C-950 DEG C by room temperature is 120-160 DEG C/h.
9. milling train deflector roll heat treating method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the heat-up rate that in described step 2, quench treatment process is heated to 980 DEG C-1020 DEG C by room temperature is 180-210 DEG C/h.
10. milling train deflector roll heat treating method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the heat-up rate that in described step 3, low-temperaturetempering process is heated to 400 DEG C-550 DEG C by room temperature is 50 DEG C-80 DEG C/h.
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| CN106048398A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2016-10-26 | 合肥东方节能科技股份有限公司 | High-hardness alloy material and heat treatment method for guide and guard of rolling mill |
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| CN105242633A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-01-13 | 张荣斌 | Alloy plate hammer intelligent preparation method |
| CN105242633B (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2018-09-21 | 浙江国正安全技术有限公司 | A kind of intelligent preparation method of alloy bar |
| CN106048398A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2016-10-26 | 合肥东方节能科技股份有限公司 | High-hardness alloy material and heat treatment method for guide and guard of rolling mill |
| CN106086695A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-11-09 | 合肥东方节能科技股份有限公司 | A kind of for milling train high hardness wear-resisting guide and guard and preparation method thereof |
| CN106244943A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-12-21 | 合肥东方节能科技股份有限公司 | A kind of guide wheel preparation method based on Laigang alloy |
| CN106086694A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2016-11-09 | 合肥东方节能科技股份有限公司 | A kind of finishing mill guide wheel Hardmetal materials and heat treatment method thereof |
| CN106282838A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-04 | 合肥东方节能科技股份有限公司 | A kind of roll wear resistant alloy material and roll Technology for Heating Processing |
| CN106884077A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-06-23 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | A kind of cold drawn material two-part electricity quenching softening annealing process of high temperature alloy |
| CN111684088A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2020-09-18 | 住友重机械精密铸锻株式会社 | Method for producing tool material and tool material |
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Application publication date: 20150902 |