CN100404152C - High speed steel composite roll and its preparing method - Google Patents
High speed steel composite roll and its preparing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100404152C CN100404152C CNB200510102671XA CN200510102671A CN100404152C CN 100404152 C CN100404152 C CN 100404152C CN B200510102671X A CNB200510102671X A CN B200510102671XA CN 200510102671 A CN200510102671 A CN 200510102671A CN 100404152 C CN100404152 C CN 100404152C
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Abstract
The technology of the present invention belongs to the field for manufacturing roll steel. The technology is mainly suitable for a method for manufacturing a high speed steel composite roll in roll steel industry. High speed steel of the outer layer of the composite roll and graphitized steel of a core part are combined in a metallurgic mode. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: two kinds of metal material are cast and shaped in a centrifugal casting technology; a composite roll is roughly processed and is thermally treated in a quenching mode. The roll and the manufacturing method of the present invention are adopted; compared with the prior art, the present invention has the characteristics that the intensity of the core part of the roll is high, the ability for resisting accidents is strong, the on-line service life of the roll is extended, the yield rate is obviously raised, etc.
Description
Technical field
The technology of the present invention is to belong to steel rolling to make the field, mainly is applicable to the manufacture method that adopts compound high speed steel roll in the steel rolling industry.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of metallurgical industry, the present stocking annual production of China accounts for about 30% of world's stocking total amount near 3.5 hundred million tons, is advanced rolling techniques such as zerolling and continuous rolling without a head and modern rolling technique generally adopts.Roll is a large amount of critical components that consume during steel rolling is produced, therefore have higher requirement in the every performance and the service life of breaker roll, compound high speed steel roll reaches good result of use well with its hardness height, wearability and is generally adopted by vast steel rolling circle and praise highly.But, in existing production technology, what skin of the roll adopted is high-speed steel, and the core of the roll employing is alloy nodular cast iron, although this kind compound high speed steel roll is used in steel rolling is produced at present well, but, make roll in production and use, all have certain deficiency, as ZL 97100083.2 because core of the roll spheroidal graphite cast-iron intensity is lower.
In the roll production process of prior art, because the manufacturing technology of centrifugal composite high-speed steel roller is that high-speed steel liquid is poured in the centrifuge casting mold of rotation, when outer field high speed molten steel has just solidified, pour into the alloy nodular cast iron liquid that is used as core of the roll again, reach metallurgical binding completely in order to ensure these two kinds of materials, for the spheroidal graphite cast-iron liquid that is used as core of the roll, the outer high-speed steel layer that must will solidify dissolves certain degree of depth, and contained a large amount of carbide formers such as Cr V W Mo by in the high-speed steel that dissolves, after these elements enter in the molten ductile cast iron of core of the roll, higher C content sharply increases the carbide quantity in the core of the roll spheroidal graphite cast-iron tissue in the molten iron, that have even can raise more than 20%, will cause the intensity of roll binder course and core of the roll significantly to reduce like this.Especially the roll that contains this binder course in heat treatment process, often since at the binder course place of roll or the core place because of the fracture of roll takes place the deficiency of intensity, the rate that manufactures a finished product of roll and production cycle can't be guaranteed; Be in addition in addition roll in use, in this composite roll is used to during mill stand or when adopting the zerolling technology,, shortened roll service life because the core of this roller causes roll to be scrapped in advance because of roll breakage often appears in undercapacity.
Also have in the disclosed document of Japanese kokai publication hei 11-279705 in addition, three layers of compound roll technology of a kind of employing have been introduced, be that outer material of roll is a high-speed steel, the core of the roll material is a cast steel, added one deck spheroidal graphite cast-iron or graphitic steel as the intermediate layer between skin and core, its effect is the compound ability that increases outer high-speed steel and core cast steel.But because this composite roll is because of the restriction of structure, under the intermediate layer spheroidal graphite cast-iron that its casting thickness only has the 20-30mm diffusion of laminated gold element outside, can form a large amount of carbide in the roll tissue, even graphitic steel material, formed in the presence of a large amount of alloying elements also is half steel, and its intensity and toughness all do not reach designing requirement.On the other hand, the coefficient of expansion of spheroidal graphite cast-iron is 12.44 * 10 in the time of 500 ℃
-6And the coefficient of expansion of high-speed steel in the time of 500 ℃ is 14.56 * 10 mm/mm. ℃,
-6Mm/mm. ℃.That is to say, this composite roll is in heat treatment heating process, because there are the difference of the temperature difference and these two kinds of material coefficients of expansion in skin of the roll and intermediate layer, therefore the swell increment in skin of the roll and intermediate layer differs greatly, make the intermediate layer of roll produce very strong tension, and these inherent stress often are exactly to cause the intermediate layer drawing crack and reduce the root that roll is made product qualified rate, in addition when adopting three layers of composite roll technology, the corresponding raising of the manufacture difficulty of roll equally also can make the manufacturing cost of roll be significantly increased.
Summary of the invention
It is reasonable in design to the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of composite parts, and the simple to operate and production cost of system roll process is low, long product lifecycle, hardness intensity height, compound high speed steel roll and manufacture method thereof that the good and anti-accident ability of wearability is strong.
According to purpose of the present invention, the technical solution that we proposed is: the composition characteristic of this composite roll is that outer material of roll is a high-speed steel, the core of the roll material is a graphitic steel, and the chemical component weight % of skin of the roll high speed steel material is: C 1.2-2.5%; Si 0.3-1.5%; Mn 0.4-1.0%; Cr 3.0-8.0%; Mo 2.0-7.0%; V 2.0-7.0%; W 1.0-5.0%; RE 0.01-0.5%; P＜0.05%; S＜0.05%; Surplus is Fe, and the chemical component weight % of core of the roll graphitic steel material is: C 1.2-2.0%; Si 1.5-2.5%; Mn 0.3-1.0%; Ni 0.5-1.5%; Cr＜0.2%; Mo＜0.2%; P＜0.05%; S＜0.05%; RE0.01-0.2%; Ca 0.05-0.5%; All the other are Fe, and outer high speed steel material of composite roll and core graphitic steel material are metallurgical binding.
Below feature in the composite roll composition designed according to this invention be described in detail:
1, the cladding material composition of composite roll of the present invention is the high-speed steel roll face;
What the cladding material of composite roll of the present invention adopted is the high speed steel material composition, similar substantially to alloy addition in the composition of prior art material, has just cancelled the adding of Ni element.Although Ni has the refinement matrix and improves steel in the composition of steel toughness effect, but can cause simultaneously the increase of remained austenite content in the tissue of roll roll surface again, and harmful phase transformation can take place in retained austenite in the heat treatment of composite roll of the present invention and use, the transformation stress of composite roll of the present invention is increased, particularly phase transformation in use, be to cause that the high-speed steel roll surface generates one of main path of crackle, cause the roll roll surface to peel off or rupture and scrap.
2, the inner layer material composition of composite roll of the present invention is a graphitic steel roll core;
What the core of the roll material of composite roll of the present invention adopted is graphitic steel, in this material, C is a component important in the steel, it exists with solid solution and free mode, when the C content of C too high levels in outer high-speed steel (as skin is steel, and core is an iron), then skin of the roll and core material coefficient of expansion difference are bigger, the swell increment of skin of the roll and core material differs also very big during heat treatment, is prone to the drawing crack of binder course or core; Cross when low when C content, the flowability of molten steel can be relatively poor, causes two kinds of metals can not reach the effect of metallurgical binding well easily, therefore in composition of the present invention, C content is controlled in the scope of 1.2-2.0%, with outer high-speed steel C content be close more suitable.
Si is typical graphitization forming element, and graphitization behavior and the Si of C has dependence in the graphitic steel, and the existence of Si is an important condition, and when not having Si or Si very low, even C content is higher, graphitization is also difficult.When Si content is higher, the eutectoid reaction temperature improves, molten steel can begin the crystallization of austenite and graphite in higher temperature in cooling procedure, help ferritic acquisition, reduced the air chill of core of the roll tissue, Here it is Si selects higher reason, and to be controlled at 1.5-2.5% comparatively suitable for Si usually.
Mn can be dissolved in ferrite and cementite, strengthen the adhesion of iron and C atom, thereby Mn hinders the element that graphitization promotes that carbide forms, simultaneously Mn can refine pearlite, improves the intensity of steel, and has stronger affinity with S in the molten steel, and the MnS that forms becomes the core of graphite in graphitic steel, play indirectly and promote graphited effect, so Mn regulates and one of important element of control graphitic steel tissue, it is more suitable generally to be controlled at 0.3-1.0%.
Ni has slight graphitizing in the graphitic steel of core of the roll, matrix that also can the refinement material simultaneously, help improving the toughness and the intensity of steel, a large amount of alloying elements are diffused into the adverse consequences that is caused in the core graphitic steel in the skin of the roll high-speed steel in order to offset, the therefore intensity of the guaranteed graphitic steel of Ni of adding 0.5-1.5% and the effect of toughness in the graphitic steel composition.
Cr and Mo are the forming elements of carbide, if in composition of steel of the present invention when Cr and Mo too high levels, when core of the roll after molten steel cast, because the dissolving and the High temperature diffusion of outer high-speed steel metal, can make a large amount of increase of carbide quantity meeting of the binder course and the core of the roll of composite roll, the intensity of its composite roll and toughness can sharply descend, make composite roll in the heat treatment in later stage and use, fracture will occur, so Cr＜0.2%, Mo＜0.2% during the graphitic steel composition of composite roll core required.Limiting the quantity of of chromium, molybdenum element adds Cr 0.05-0.18%, Mo 0.1-0.18% in addition in addition.
Ca and Re element are reduction or eliminate the element of impurity, in the graphitic steel composition of composite roll core of the present invention, Re purifies crystal boundary in addition and eliminates the effect of crackle, but must limit the addition of Ca and Re element, so in the graphitic steel composition to composite roll core of the present invention, Ca, Re addition are the requirement of Ca0.05-0.5%, Re 0.01-0.2%.The optimal addn of Ca is 0.1-0.5%.
Composite roll manufacture method of the present invention is similar to prior art, at first be to select the concrete composition of the inside and outside layer of the invention described above composite roll to smelt respectively, when the composition of molten steel and temperature reach set require after, molten steel with outer high-speed steel pours in the centrifuge casting mold with certain rotation speed earlier, the molten steel cast temperature of outer high-speed steel is 1400-1550 ℃, the temperature of casting mold is 100-250 ℃ during casting, paint thickness in the casting mold is 1-5mm (coating is commercial goods such as precoated sand), and the linear velocity of centrifuge speed is at the 10-15 meter per second.Molten steel crystallization and freezing under centrifugal action of outer high-speed steel, after the molten steel initial stage of outer high-speed steel solidifies, pour into the molten steel of the graphitic steel that is used for the composite roll core again, the pouring temperature of composite roll core graphite molten steel is 1400-1500 ℃, the linear velocity of centrifuge speed drops to the 5-10 meter per second, after the binder course for the treatment of two kinds of different metals reaches complete metallurgical melting and composite roll cooling forming, be that the composite roll of graphitic steel carries out roughing to skin for the high-speed steel core again, then this composite roll (semi-finished product) is packed into and carry out quenching heat treatment in the heat-treatment furnace, it is characterized in that in the heat treatment method of this composite roll, quenching be after rising to 650 ℃ with 10-20 ℃/hour programming rate programming rate promoted be 50-60 ℃/per hour, composite roll is heated to 1100-1200 ℃, temperature retention time is to come out of the stove after 8-18 hour, quenching is the cooling method that adopts even constant speed, cooling rate is 10-20 ℃/minute, after the temperature of composite roll is cooled to 150-400 ℃, again this composite roll is carried out temper, temperature is 500-550 ℃, and tempering insulation time is that stove is chilled to room temperature after 5-10 hour.The manufacture method of composite roll of the present invention is to adopt the technology of centrifugal casting, with the metal material employing metallurgical melting mode of two kinds of different performances, the high-speed steel of skin of the roll and the graphitic steel of core of the roll is combined into the high compound roll of high-ductility firmly.The characteristics of this composite roll are that skin has hardness height, good, the long service life of wearability, and the core of composite roll also has intensity height, good toughness, and anti-accident (crackle or fracture) ability waits characteristic effect by force.Therefore the present invention is that the preparation side that belongs to the compound roll of the high high-speed steel of a kind of intensity and this composite roll thereof goes.
Adopt the manufacture method of compound high speed steel roll of the present invention and this roll thereof also to possess following advantage compared with prior art:
1, adopting compound high speed steel roll of the present invention is to be composited by the graphitic steel of outer field high-speed steel and core is centrifugal, core of the roll intensity is brought up to graphitic steel 600-750Mpa by original spheroidal graphite cast-iron 400-550Mpa, so core of the roll intensity height, anti-accident ability is strong, improves roll online service life greatly.
2, adopt compound high speed steel roll of the present invention, because the raising of core of the roll intensity and binder course intensity, roll is in the heat treatment process of preparation, the ability to bear of core of the roll and binder course is obviously strengthened, therefore the roll rate of manufacturing a finished product significantly improves, yield rate is brought up to more than 96% by original 78%, thereby has reduced the roll manufacturing cost, has increased the profit margin and the market competitiveness of product.
The specific embodiment
By skin of the present invention is that high-speed steel and roller core are the composition and the manufacture method of graphitic steel, we have prepared the high strength compound high speed steel roll of 27 embodiment of the invention altogether, a composite roll is only arranged in carrying out the metallurgical melting process, scrap because of equipment fault has caused the quality problems of roll, all the other are qualified products and mail to the user and use.27 prepared high strength compound high speed steel rolls of the embodiment of the invention are to produce in three batches, and the chemical composition that skin of the roll and core molten steel are closed in this three reply is all listed in the table 1.In order to contrast conveniently, we have also enumerated the composite roll composition of one group of prior art simultaneously and have also listed in the table 1.The preparation method of embodiment of the invention composite roll and prior art roll (Technology for Heating Processing) comparing result is listed table 2 in.Table 3 is the mechanical property of embodiment of the invention composite roll and prior art roll and the contrast of using the result.By the production of above-mentioned composite roll with use the result as can be seen, adopt the composition of composite roll of the present invention and product percent of pass that the preparation method produced apparently higher than prior art products.Produce 27 composite rolls and adopt prior art, only have 21 qualified, all the other 6 all is to scrap owing to roll in heat treatment process cracks or ruptures.By can seeing in the table 3, when milling train used on 27 compound high speed steel rolls of the present invention, because the roll breakage phenomenon does not take place core of the roll intensity height, and 21 rolls producing in prior art were when using on the machine, and 3 rolls were arranged owing to rupture and scrap.
In embodiment of the invention contrast table, I, II, III are the embodiment of the invention, and IV is a contrast material.
The contrast of each composition of layer weight % of the composite roll of table 1 embodiment of the invention and prior art
Annotate: 1, the composition weight % of outer high-speed steel of composite roll of the present invention and core graphitic steel;
2, the outer high-speed steel of prior art composite roll, core spheroidal graphite cast-iron.
The Technology for Heating Processing contrast of table 2 embodiment of the invention and prior art
Annotate: 1, spray quench; 2, air-cooled; 3, rotating spraying.Quench cooled to temperature I, III be 350 ℃, II is 230 ℃, IV is a room temperature.
The mechanical property of table 3 embodiment of the invention and prior art and use result's contrast
Claims (3)
1. compound high speed steel roll, the cladding material that it is characterized in that this composite roll is a high-speed steel, and the core of the roll material is a graphitic steel, and the chemical component weight % of skin of the roll high speed steel material is: C 1.2-2.5%; Si0.3-1.5%; Mn 0.4-1.0%; Cr 3.0-8.0%; Mo 2.0-7.0%; V 2.0-7.0%; W 1.0-5.0%; RE 0.01-0.5%; P＜0.05%; S＜0.05%; Surplus is Fe, and the chemical component weight % of core of the roll graphitic steel material is: C 1.2-2.0%; Si 1.5-2.5%; Mn 0.3-1.0%; Ni 0.5-1.5%; Cr＜0.2%; Mo＜0.2%; P＜0.05%; S＜0.05%; RE 0.01-0.2%; Ca 0.1-0.5%; All the other are Fe, and outer high speed steel material of composite roll and core graphitic steel material are metallurgical binding.
2. compound high speed steel roll according to claim 1 is characterized in that in this composite roll composition, the chemical component weight % of core of the roll graphitic steel material is also promising: C 1.2-2.0%; Si 1.5-2.5%; Mn0.3-1.0%; Ni 0.5-1.5%; Cr 0.05-0.18%; Mo 0.1-0.18%; P＜0.05%; S＜0.05%; RE0.01-0.2%; Ca optimal addn 0.1-0.5%; All the other are Fe.
3. manufacture method that is applicable to claim 1 or 2 described compound high speed steel rolls, the manufacture method of this composite roll is to adopt centrifugal casting technique with two kinds of metal material cast moldings, at first press in the roll, outer field concrete composition is smelted respectively, after molten steel temperature reaches 1400-1550 ℃, molten steel with outer high-speed steel is cast in the centrifuge casting mold that the rotating speed linear velocity is the 10-15 meter per second earlier, the temperature of centrifuge casting mold is 100-250 ℃ during casting, paint thickness in the casting mold is 1-5mm, after the molten steel initial stage of outer high-speed steel solidifies, pour into the molten steel of the graphitic steel that is used for the composite roll core again, the pouring temperature of composite roll core graphite molten steel is 1400-1500 ℃, the linear velocity of centrifuge speed is at the 5-10 meter per second, after treating the composite roll cooling forming, again composite roll is carried out roughing and carries out quenching heat treatment, it is characterized in that in the heat treatment method of this composite roll, hardening heat is after rising to 650 ℃ with 10-20 ℃/hour programming rate, again programming rate is promoted to 50-60 ℃/hour, composite roll is heated to 1100-1200 ℃, temperature retention time is to come out of the stove after 8-18 hour, quenching is the cooling method that adopts even constant speed, cooling rate is 10-20 ℃/minute, after being cooled to 100-400 ℃, carry out temper again, temperature is 500-550 ℃, and tempering insulation time is the air cooling of coming out of the stove after 5-10 hour.
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