CN115894269A - 二芳胺类化合物的生物合成方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了酶促级联反应合成二芳胺类化合物的合成方法,属于生物合成技术领域。以苯胺类化合物作为胺源,通过非血红素双铁离子型氨基氧化酶(AzoC‑2)将氨基氧化为亚硝基后,可将各种类型芳基酚类胺化成二芳胺类化合物。本发明通过对氨基苯甲酸与芳基酚之间酶催化级联反应高效合成了二芳胺类化合物,该合成方法具有原料简单易得、操作简便、绿色可持续、底物适用范围广等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物合成技术领域,具体涉及二芳胺类化合物的生物合成方法。
背景技术
二芳胺类化合物(其中两个芳基通过C-N-C键连接在一起)是制药、农用化学品、染料和工业材料的重要结构单元。在有机化学领域中,二芳胺类化合物常被用作合成有价值的杂环类化合物,如咔唑、吖啶、吲哚等苯并氮杂类化合物。
通常二芳胺类化合物是通过使用昂贵金属催化剂将胺与芳基卤化物或芳基硼酸在有机溶剂中高温氧化C-N偶联来合成。
因此,研究并开发二芳胺类化合物的绿色高效生物合成方法具有十分重要的理论意义和实用前景。
发明内容
为了克服上述技术缺陷,本发明公开了酶促级联反应合成二芳胺类化合物的合成方法。以苯胺类化合物作为胺源,通过非血红素双铁离子型氨基氧化酶(Azo C-2)将氨基氧化为亚硝基后,可将各种类型芳基酚类胺化成二芳胺类化合物。本发明通过对氨基苯甲酸与芳基酚之间酶催化级联反应高效合成了二芳胺类化合物,该合成方法具有原料简单易得、操作简便、绿色可持续、底物适用范围广等优点。
本发明第一个目的,提供了二芳胺类化合物,其结构通式为:
其中:X=C,N;R1选自CO2H、(CH2)nCO2H、(CH=CH)nCO2H、C1-C4烷氧基、CF3、(CH=CH)nCONHCH(CO2H)CH2CH2CONH2,n=1,2;R2选自卤素和C1-C4烷氧基。
本发明第二个目的,还提供了上述二芳胺类化合物的生物合成方法,采用技术方案,包括如下操作:将苯胺类化合物1、萘酚2A/2B或对苯二酚2C、生物催化剂和辅因子,在水相中反应,得到二芳胺类化合物3A-3C;采用反应方程式表示为:
其中:X=C,N;R1选自CO2H、(CH2)nCO2H、(CH=CH)nCO2H、C1-C4烷氧基、CF3、(CH=CH)nCONHCH(CO2H)CH2CH2CONH2,n=1,2;R2选自卤素和C1-C4烷氧基。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,反应体系中保持pH=7-11;优选pH=8,例如采用HEPES(羟乙基哌嗪乙硫磺酸)水溶液、PBS(磷酸缓冲盐溶液)水溶液或tris-HCl(三羟甲基氨基甲烷-盐酸)水溶液。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述生物催化剂为非血红素双铁离子型氨基氧化酶(AzoC-2)。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述辅因子选自PMS(吩嗪硫酸甲酯)或GDH(葡萄糖脱氢酶循环)。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,反应额外加入添加剂,所述添加剂为TEMPO(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物)。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述苯胺类化合物1、芳基酚或对苯二酚2、生物催化剂与辅酶因子摩尔比为0.1-0.05:0.1-0.05:0.01-0.02:0.01-0.02。
进一步地,在上述技术方案中,所述反应温度为15-45℃;优选自20-25℃。
发明有益效果
1)合成过程简单高效、绿色可持续,通过对氨基苯甲酸和萘酚化合物的酶催化级联反应反应,即可合成二芳胺类化合物;
2)原料价廉易得,操作简便,底物的适用范围广,绿色环境友好;产物为制药、农用化学品、染料和工业材料的重要结构单元。
具体实施方式
在提供了数值范围的情况下,应当理解所述范围的上限和下限和所述规定范围中的任何其他规定或居间数值之间的每个居间数值均涵盖在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可以独立包括在较小的范围中,并且也涵盖在本发明内,服从规定范围中任何明确排除的限度。在规定的范围包含一个或两个限度的情况下,排除那些包括的限度之任一或两者的范围也包含在本发明中。
以下通过实施例对本发明的上述内容做进一步详细说明,但不应该将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例,凡基于本发明上述内容实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
本发明所述用语“生物催化剂”是利用酶或微生物细胞作为生物催化剂进行催化反应。其中酶可存在于胞内和胞外,生物细胞可是存活的活细胞,也可是失活的死细胞。
实施例1
向5mL反应瓶中,依次加入缓冲溶液、化合物1a、化合物2a、生物催化剂、辅因子和添加剂,盖上塞子密封,置于恒温箱搅拌反应。反应结束,萃取,旋干,过硅胶柱分离得到黄色固体产物3a。
通过改变反应的缓冲溶液类型、缓冲溶液pH值、添加剂和反应温度等反应条件,反应结果如下:
表1不同条件下3a的合成a
其中:AzoC-2序列如下:
MSSRAPEELTGVQSPELPAYDPDDQAENAVIARLAGNWHRRAAVKREEPNLADLFELARDDYPERILPFRDHPTFRALPPEDRARLLSWAWISYNRTVVLTEGQIVNPAFQLGLDGEFPQPVSELMQRSLAQAMVDEQYHTLMHLNASAVTRRRRGEAFADAALPKPLVVREHEARLASCANERERRLTTLAFATVAEISINAYLNLIADDKEIQPVNSATVRIHNRDEYCHASISAVLAEQVHHTLDDGERRYFLQSLVAGLEAFVGNDFMAWHRIMDEAGIRGGHEMLDDIQHAGGRKRLVQDFSGLRKLVERLDAVDDLDFDWSRSVTGSDAVSPTR
实施例2
向5mL反应瓶中,依次加入1mL pH=8PBS缓冲溶液、50μM对氨基苯甲酸(反应物1)、100μM 2-萘酚(反应物2)、20mol%AzoC-2、20mol%GDH、20mol%PMS和10mol%TEMPO,盖上塞子密封,置于25℃恒温箱搅拌反应过夜。反应结束,萃取,旋干,过硅胶柱分离得到黄色固体产物3a(对应本实施例中结构5),通过改变反应物1和反应物2,合成得到二芳胺类化合物,具体结果如下:
代产物表征数据如下:
使用生物合成方法扩大规模制备,并用硅胶柱(正己烷/乙酸乙酯=10/1)分离,得到黄色固体5,产率为95%。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.84–7.69(m,5H),7.42–7.33(m,1H),7.28(t,J=6.9Hz,1H),7.23(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),6.55(d,J=8.7Hz,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,CD3OD)δ188.16,170.68,153.98,152.62,133.79,132.53,130.74,129.25,129.08,127.45,124.18,123.27,120.03,119.83,119.31,113.75.HRMS:[M-H]-calculated 278.0817,found 278.0817.
使用生物合成方法扩大规模制备,并用硅胶柱(正己烷/乙酸乙酯=3/2)分离,得到橙色固体5a,产率为88%。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.98(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.77(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.70–7.62(m,2H),7.44(dd,J=9.0,2.0Hz,1H),7.27(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),6.54(d,J=8.7Hz,2H);13C NMR(151MHz,CD3OD)δ169.21,152.27,151.75,131.16,131.02,130.38,129.75,129.45,129.11,126.76,124.10,119.35,119.07,118.72,116.30,112.38.HRMS:[M+H]+calculated 358.0079,found 358.0073.
使用生物合成方法扩大规模制备,并用硅胶柱(正己烷/乙酸乙酯=3/2)分离,得到橙色固体5b,产率为93%。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.90(s,1H),7.79(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.74–7.69(m,2H),7.37(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.26(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),6.55(d,J=8.1Hz,2H);13C NMR(151MHz,CD3OD)δ169.25,152.33,152.20,133.79,131.37,131.21,129.82,127.70,127.66,125.99,124.12,120.62,118.72,118.64,118.02,112.95,112.32.HRMS:[M+H]+calculated 358.0079,found 358.0046.
使用生物合成方法扩大规模制备,并用硅胶柱(正己烷/乙酸乙酯=2/1)分离,得到黄色固体5c,产率为98%。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.76(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),7.63(dd,J=8.7,7.6Hz,2H),7.23–7.17(m,2H),7.04(dd,J=9.2,2.6Hz,1H),6.55(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),3.87(s,3H);13C NMR(101MHz,CD3OD)δ169.25,156.02,152.57,149.38,131.13,130.34,129.28,128.00,127.58,126.39,123.47,119.08,118.48,112.39,106.35,54.36.HRMS:[M+H]+calculated 310.1079,found 310.1074.
使用生物合成方法扩大规模制备,并用硅胶柱(二氯甲烷/甲醇=50/1)分离,得到黄色固体5d,产率为96%。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.78(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),7.68(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.10–7.03(m,2H),6.93(dd,J=8.9,2.5Hz,1H),6.57(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),3.71(s,3H);13C NMR(101MHz,CD3OD)δ169.25,158.58,152.43,151.82,133.76,131.15,129.47,127.40,124.64,118.45,118.09,115.15,112.41,100.70,54.10.HRMS:[M+H]+calculated 310.1079,found 310.1084.
使用生物合成方法扩大规模制备,并用硅胶柱(二氯甲烷/甲醇=10/1)分离,得到黄色固体6,产率为92%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.45(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.12(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.07(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.90(d,J=26.4Hz,2H),7.22(d,J=10.4Hz,1H),7.12(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.86(d,J=10.4Hz,1H);13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ210.69,185.20,167.44,155.38,153.87,137.43,134.95,134.39,134.01,132.43,131.47,130.95,127.73,126.14,125.70,120.57,111.80.HRMS:[M-H]-calculated 278.0817,found 278.0794.
使用生物合成方法扩大规模制备,并用硅胶柱(二氯甲烷/甲醇=8/1)分离,得到黄色固体7,产率为94%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.02(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),8.76(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.03(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.87(dd,J=8.0,4.5Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),7.09(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.94–6.85(d,J=10.4Hz,1H);13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ183.76,167.39,155.32,153.62,153.47,146.78,135.76,134.05,131.74,130.98,130.32,128.04,120.66.HRMS:[M+H]+calculated 281.0926,found 281.0918.
使用生物合成方法扩大规模制备,并用硅胶柱(二氯甲烷/甲醇=10/1)分离,得到黄色固体8,产率为86%。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ9.05(s,1H),8.21(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),7.93(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.76(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.61(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),6.52(d,J=8.8Hz,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,CD3OD)δ156.45,150.86,150.46,140.96,135.93,130.78,127.70,124.40,123.77,120.52,118.73,116.08,112.37.HRMS:[M+H]+calculated281.0926,found 281.0924.
使用生物合成方法扩大规模制备,并用硅胶柱(正己烷/乙酸乙酯=4/1)分离,得到绿色固体9,产率为78%。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.75(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.64(s,1H),6.62(s,4H).13C NMR(101MHz,CD3OD)δ169.33,153.18,149.85,131.38,117.69,115.42,112.95,47.84.HRMS:[M+H]+calculated 246.0766,found 246.0760.
使用生物合成方法扩大规模制备,并用硅胶柱(二氯甲烷/甲醇=10/1)分离,得到橙色固体5-1a,产率为91%。1H NMR(600MHz,CD3OD)δ8.56(s,1H),8.37(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.11(d,J=8.3Hz,0H),7.70(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.61(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.35(m,J=8.1Hz,3H),6.86(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),6.02(s,1H),3.51(s,2H).13C NMR(151MHz,CD3OD)δ188.03,179.29,169.27,165.85,159.57,149.83,136.38,132.99,132.18,129.55,129.15,125.49,124.35,120.91,102.89,44.50.HRMS:HRMS[M+H]+calculated 294.1125,found 294.1123.
使用生物合成方法扩大规模制备,并用硅胶柱(二氯甲烷/甲醇=10/1)分离,得到橙色固体5-1b,产率为93%。1H NMR(600MHz,CD3OD)δ8.55(s,1H),8.34(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.08(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.65(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.23(m,3H),6.81(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),2.97–2.86(m,2H),2.59–2.42(m,2H).13C NMR(151MHz,CD3OD)δ188.18,180.82,179.20,169.24,165.86,159.59,149.83,137.28,136.46,132.06,129.47,128.16,125.48,124.33,121.01,119.28,102.79,40.06,32.10.HRMS[M+H]+calculated 308.1281,found 308.1291.
使用生物合成方法扩大规模制备,并用硅胶柱(二氯甲烷/甲醇=10/1)分离,得到橙色固体5-1c,产率为82%。1H NMR(600MHz,CD3OD).δ8.10(s,1H),7.79(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.74(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.71(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=15.8Hz,1H),7.33(m,3H),7.28(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),6.55(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.20(d,J=15.8Hz,1H).13C NMR(151MHz,CD3OD)δ151.12,150.27,144.79,144.70,132.38,129.38,129.20,127.83,127.42,125.94,124.04,122.73,122.02,119.11,117.83,113.47.HRMS[M+H]+calculated 306.1125,found 306.1118.
5-1d仅参考HRMS分析。HRMS[M+H]+calculated 332.1287,found 332.1288.
5-1e仅参考HRMS分析。HRMS[M+H]+calculated 460.1872,found 460.1875.
使用生物合成方法扩大规模制备,并用硅胶柱(正己烷/乙酸乙酯=3/1)分离,得到黄色固体5-1f,产率为82%。1H NMR(600MHz,CD3OD)δ8.57(s,1H),8.38(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.11(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.75–7.57(m,5H),7.05(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),5.79(s,1H).13C NMR(151MHz,CD3OD)δ187.87,179.18,166.64,159.63,156.29,136.24,132.25,129.72,125.53,124.55,121.23,117.81,115.86,113.52,101.79.HRMS[M+H]+calculated304.0944found 304.0940.
使用生物合成方法扩大规模制备,并用硅胶柱(正己烷/乙酸乙酯=3/1)分离,得到黄色固体5-1g,产率为76%。1H NMR(600MHz,CD3OD)δ8.58(s,1H),8.41–8.29(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.11(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.68(t,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.60(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.01–6.79(m,5H),6.06(s,1H),3.84(s,3H).13C NMR(151MHz,CD3OD)δ179.18,165.81,159.70,156.22,145.02,136.46,132.02,129.42,125.46,124.27,122.19,113.74,102.74,56.02.HRMS[M+H]+calculated 266.1176,and found 266.1176.
使用生物合成方法扩大规模制备,并用硅胶柱(正己烷/乙酸乙酯=3/1)分离,得到橙色固体5-1h,产率为62%。1H NMR(600MHz,CD3OD)δ8.54(s,1H),8.37(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.08(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.73–7.65(m,1H),7.60(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.53(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.35(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.13(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.02–6.82(m,1H),5.77(s,1H).13C NMR(151MHz,CD3OD)δ179.17,166.72,160.11,153.28,132.27,129.75,129.23,125.55,124.71,124.54,119.30,119.01,117.43,110.30,101.70.HRMS[M+H]+calculated304.0944,found 304.0940.
使用生物合成方法扩大规模制备,并用硅胶柱(正己烷/乙酸乙酯=3/1)分离,得到黄色固体5-1i,产率为56%。1H NMR(600MHz,CD3OD)δ7.75(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.66(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.39–7.17(m,4H),6.96(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.25(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),6.19(d,J=9.5Hz,1H),6.12(s,1H),3.62(s,3H).13C NMR(151MHz,CD3OD)δ160.74,150.98,149.35,132.41,129.26,127.77,127.04,125.72,122.63,122.26,120.15,117.55,106.74,103.07,99.58,53.99.HRMS[M+H]+calculated 266.1176,found 266.1174.
以上实施例描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明原理的范围下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进均落入本发明保护的范围内。
Claims (9)
3.根据权利要求2所述二芳胺类化合物的生物合成方法,其特征在于:反应体系中保持pH=7-11。
4.根据权利要求3所述二芳胺类化合物的生物合成方法,其特征在于:反应体系中保持pH=8,采用HEPES水溶液、PBS水溶液或tris-HCl水溶液。
5.根据权利要求2所述二芳胺类化合物的生物合成方法,其特征在于:所述生物催化剂为非血红素双铁离子型氨基氧化酶(AzoC-2)。
6.根据权利要求2所述二芳胺类化合物的生物合成方法,其特征在于:所述辅因子选自PMS或GDH。
7.根据权利要求2所述二芳胺类化合物的生物合成方法,其特征在于:反应中额外加入添加剂,添加剂为TEMPO。
8.根据权利要求2所述二芳胺类化合物的生物合成方法,其特征在于:所述苯胺类化合物1、芳基酚或对苯二酚2、生物催化剂与辅酶因子摩尔比为0.1-0.05:0.1-0.05:0.01-0.02:0.01-0.02。
9.根据权利要求2所述二芳胺类化合物的生物合成方法,其特征在于:反应温度为15-45℃。
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