CN115872772B - 一种粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115872772B CN115872772B CN202211731364.8A CN202211731364A CN115872772B CN 115872772 B CN115872772 B CN 115872772B CN 202211731364 A CN202211731364 A CN 202211731364A CN 115872772 B CN115872772 B CN 115872772B
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体的制备方法，该方法包括以下步骤：1)将粉煤灰进行碱洗和酸洗处理，得到预处理粉煤灰；2)将包括预处理粉煤灰在内的原料进行混料，再进行陈腐和挤出成型，得到生坯体；3)将生坯体表面喷洒表面保水剂(包括甘油、桐油、二元醇和聚乙二醇)后，置于恒温恒湿环境中静置养护，养护完成后，进行干燥和烧结，该方法可以有效改善粉煤灰的成型性能和烧结性能，以获得性能合格的粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体，能够解决现有粉煤灰由于玻璃微珠含量高、残碳量高、原料需水量大、脊性强而导致成型困难，烧结不稳定，易开裂等技术问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种陶瓷膜支撑体的制备方法，具体涉及一种粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体的制备方法，属于陶瓷材料技术领域。
背景技术
当前，对于陶瓷膜支撑体制备的原料主要以高纯Al2O3、SiO2、ZrO2等为目标，但是Al2O3、ZrO2等原料成本高，烧结温度高，导致制备成本偏高。为了改善这种状况，国内外出现了许多利用尾矿或矿物原料作起始原料来制备多孔陶瓷基体的研究。
相关研究表明，粉煤灰中含有大量的活性硅(铝)氧四面体、丰富的金属氧化物类有用组分以及尚未被认识和有待被发掘的有用性质，资源和材料属性明显；将大宗冶金渣与尾矿复配，用于陶瓷膜的制备，不仅可以解决工业固体废弃物堆放所引起的矿区水体、大气、土壤等环境污染问题和占压土地的问题，而且还可以变废为宝，利用固体废弃物获得高性能、高附加值的多孔陶瓷，可以实现固废的大宗、高值、高效、安全的利用。
但是，当前粉煤灰制备陶瓷膜支撑体仍存在较多问题。首先，粉煤灰作为煤炭经高温燃烧后收集的粉尘，其中含有大量尺寸不一的玻璃微珠，微珠的存在使得粉煤灰熔融温度范围偏差较差，不易控制；而且，易使支撑体颗粒堆积造孔效果减弱，影响气孔率。其次，粉煤灰中多含有较高的未燃尽残碳含量，混料过程中，碳颗粒的表面会形成一层憎水性薄膜，影响水分的浸润，导致泥料需水量增大，进而在成型后干燥过程中易产生开裂；同时，因残碳量高、烧结过程中易出现局部自燃烧，导致热应力开裂。
发明内容
针对现有技术中利用粉煤灰制备陶瓷膜支撑体过程中存在的缺陷，本发明的目的是在于提供一种粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体的制备方法，该方法通过对粉煤灰进行洗涤除杂和表面改性处理，能够改善粉煤灰颗粒的成型性能，降低玻璃微珠对烧结的影响，防止坯体成型和烧结过程中开裂，同时在养护和干燥过程中使用特殊的表面保水剂，可以避免防止生坯体内外干燥速率不一致而导致裂纹产生的问题，能够获得成型合格率高，且外观质量良好的陶瓷膜支撑体。
为了实现上述技术目的，本发明还提供了一种粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
1)将粉煤灰进行碱洗和酸洗处理，得到预处理粉煤灰；
2)将包括预处理粉煤灰在内的原料进行混料，再进行陈腐和挤出成型，得到生坯体；
3)将生坯体表面喷洒表面保水剂后，置于恒温恒湿环境中静置养护，养护完成后，进行干燥和烧结；所述表面保水剂包括甘油、桐油、二元醇和聚乙二醇。
本发明技术方案的关键是在于：一方面，对粉煤灰进行了洗涤处理，经过碱洗和酸洗，可以将粉煤灰原料中的铁、钙等金属或碱性氧化物以及碳颗粒去除，原粉煤灰颗粒表面比较光滑致密，经处理后的粉煤灰颗粒表面变得粗糙，形成许多凹槽和孔洞，增大了颗粒的比表面积，便于颗粒接触，烧结时易形成烧结相，可降低烧结温度，同时可以对粉煤灰中的硅酸盐玻璃网络具有直接的破坏作用，特别是对玻璃微珠效果较为明显，可以有效避免玻璃微珠对烧结的影响。需要说明的是，先碱洗再酸洗的顺序也是很重要的，由于碱洗残留的K2O、Na2O等的存在会导致烧结过程中已经形成的莫来石产生分解，形成霞石质液相，影响支撑体性能，而在此基础上采用酸洗，则可以将大部分碱性物质去除。另一方面，采用了由甘油、桐油、二元醇和聚乙二醇组成的表面保湿剂，由于粉煤灰颗粒的锁水性较差，在泥料挤压成型后，其初期干燥速率较快，干燥应力大，坯体易变形开裂，复合保湿剂可延缓初期表层水分干燥速率，同时还可以减小坯体与垫板间摩擦力，防止收缩开裂。而复合保湿剂中桐油与二元醇作为良性溶剂，能够将甘油充分溶解和分散，同时桐油还可以改善坯体表面的润滑性能，而聚乙二醇为溶液提供一定的稠度与粘性，而甘油作为主要的保湿成分则有吸附水分的作用，可利用空气中水分延缓坯体干燥。
作为一个优选的方案，所述碱洗采用的碱洗液包括2～4wt％的氢氧化钠溶液或15～25wt％的碳酸钠溶液，碱洗固液比＝1kg:1.5L～1kg:3L。碱洗过程中优选的碱洗液可以有效破坏硅酸盐玻璃网络，特别是对玻璃微珠作用效果较为明显，可以解决粉煤灰中玻璃微珠存在对烧结过程的影响。
作为一个优选的方案，所述酸洗采用的酸洗液包括1～3wt％的柠檬酸溶液、3～7wt％的盐酸溶液、1～5wt％的硫酸溶液或0.5～3wt％的硝酸溶液，酸洗固液比＝1kg:0.5L～1kg:2.5L。酸洗过程中优选的酸液主要是用于去除粉煤灰中的铁、钙等金属或碱性氧化物等去除，酸浓度最好是控制在较低水平，能够使得粉煤灰中保留部分碱性物质来作为助熔剂，以达到降低烧结温度的目的。
作为一个优选的方案，所述原料包括预处理粉煤灰、塑性粘土、造孔剂、低温粘结剂、水、润滑剂、保水剂、减水剂和脱模剂。
作为一个优选的方案，所述原料包括以下质量份组分：预处理粉煤灰80～95份，塑性粘土6～9份，造孔剂5～8份，低温粘结剂2～4份，水20～28份，润滑剂1～2份，保水剂2～4份，减水剂0.5～1份，脱模剂0.1～0.3份。
作为一个优选的方案，所述原料进行混料过程中，先将预处理粉煤灰和塑性粘土混合，再加入减水剂混合，再加入保水剂和润滑剂混合，再加入造孔剂和低温粘结剂混合，最后加入脱模剂混合。在混料过程中各组分加入顺序，可使减水剂等有机组分提前包裹粉煤灰颗粒，形成一层浸润性的薄膜，从而可以提高减水剂减水效果，有效降低泥料需水量，需水量的降低使得坯体干燥初期失水速率减慢，可控制干燥缺陷的产生。进一步优选的方案，先将预处理粉煤灰和塑性粘土混合25～35min，再加入减水剂混合3～8min，再加入保水剂和润滑剂混合3～8min，再加入造孔剂和低温粘结剂混合3～8min，最后加入脱模剂混合5～10min。
作为一个优选的方案，所述塑性粘土包括苏州土、花岗岩石粉中至少一种。
作为一个优选的方案，所述造孔剂包括玉米淀粉、木屑中至少一种。
作为一个优选的方案，所述低温粘结剂包括纤维素。
作为一个优选的方案，所述润滑剂包括长链脂肪酸甲酯。
作为一个优选的方案，所述减水剂包括木质素磺酸盐。
作为一个优选的方案，所述保水剂包括聚乙二醇、水玻璃中至少一种。
作为一个优选的方案，所述脱模剂包括乳化硅油。
作为一个优选的方案，所述表面保水剂由甘油、桐油、二元醇和聚乙二醇按质量比1～2.5:2～4:0.3～0.7:0.5～1组成。如果甘油相对桐油和二元醇的比例偏低，则保水剂的保湿效果比较差，如果甘油相对桐油和二元醇占比过高，则难以形成均匀的分散溶液，不能充分发挥甘油的保湿效果，而桐油和二元醇的比例过低，则难以将甘油充分溶解分散，不能充分发挥甘油的保湿效果，而聚乙二醇的添加量可以有效调节表面保水剂的稠度与粘性在合适的范围内。
作为一个优选的方案，所述表面保水剂在生坯体表面的喷洒量按照5～10g/0.1m2。例如，以1000mm*100mm的支撑体坯体为例，喷涂后增重为6～8g。
作为一个优选的方案，所述静置养护的条件为：温度为20～25℃，湿度为25±5％rh，时间为8～12h。
作为一个优选的方案，所述干燥采用微波干燥，微波干燥的温度为160～180℃，时间为1～3h。在使用了表面保水剂的条件下进行微波干燥，可进一步控制干燥速率，保证坯体内外干燥速率一致，抑制裂纹的产生。
作为一个优选的方案，所述烧结采用埋烧结合低温慢烧方式；采用氧化铝砂和/或氧化锆砂作为埋烧砂，低温慢烧的过程为：温度区间25～180℃，升温速率为0.5～1.5℃/min，温度区间180～550℃，升温速率为0.2～0.8℃/min，在550℃保温30～90min，温度区间550～900℃，升温速率为3～4℃/min，温度区间900～1350℃，升温速率为3～5℃/min，在1350℃保温1.5～2.5h。通过采用埋烧工艺，可保障烧成时坯体受热均匀，提高支撑体烧成性能均一性，更可控制坯体中有机质燃烧气体的匀速排出，减少烧成开裂。进一步优选，埋烧砂的中位径为30～45μm。
本发明的粉煤灰颗粒经过气流粉碎机及气流分级机研磨筛分得到颗粒粒度9～10.5μm。
本发明提供的粉煤灰基支撑体的制备工艺，包括以下具体步骤：
1)对粉煤灰进行碱洗和酸洗预处理，得到预处理粉煤灰；
2)先加入预处理粉煤灰、塑性粘土等无机原料，利用逆流式混料机混合25～35min后，称量减水剂加入粉料，混合3～8min之后，称量保水剂、润滑剂加入粉料混合3～8min，再加入造孔剂和低温粘结剂等有机粉料，混合3～8min，最后将脱模剂加入粉料中继续混合5～10min，得到混合泥料；
3)混合泥料经过20～25℃下陈腐18～32h后，进行挤出成型，首先在2～3MPa的压力下进行第一次练泥，之后抽真空度至0.1个大气压进行第二次练泥，二次练泥完成后陈腐4～6h，开始进行成型，得到生坯体；
4)将生坯体表面喷涂表面保湿剂后，在温度为20～25℃，湿度为25±5％rh的恒温恒湿环境下养护8～12h，实现对干燥速率和内外干燥速率一致性的稳定可控，减少坯体干燥开裂现象，再使用微波干燥，微波干燥的温度为160～180℃，时间为1～3h；所述表面保水剂为甘油、桐油、二元醇、聚乙二醇按1～2.5:2～4:0.3～0.7:0.5～1混合而成，
5)干燥的坯体采用埋烧+低温慢烧方式，低温慢烧的过程为：温度区间25～180℃，升温速率为0.5～1.5℃/min，温度区间180～550℃，升温速率为0.2～0.8℃/min，在550℃保温30～90min，温度区间550～900℃，升温速率为3～4℃/min，温度区间900～1350℃，升温速率为3～5℃/min，在1350℃保温1.5～2.5h；实现有机质的高温可控排除，阻止烧成自燃。
相对现有技术，本发明技术方案带来的有益技术效果：
本发明提供的粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体的制备方法通过对对粉煤灰碱洗和酸洗预处理，可以将粉煤灰原料中的铁、钙等金属或碱性氧化物以及碳颗粒去除，原粉煤灰颗粒表面比较光滑致密，经处理后的粉煤灰颗粒表面变得粗糙，形成许多凹槽和孔洞，增大了颗粒的比表面积，便于颗粒接触，烧结时易形成烧结相，可降低烧结温度，同时可以对粉煤灰中的硅酸盐玻璃网络具有直接的破坏作用，特别是对玻璃微珠效果较为明显，可以有效避免玻璃微珠对烧结的影响。
本发明提供的粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体的制备方法通过优化调整混料中各组分加入顺序，可使减水剂等有机组分提前包裹粉煤灰颗粒，形成一层浸润性的薄膜，提高减水剂减水效果，有效降低泥料需水量，需水量的降低使得坯体干燥初期失水速率减慢，可控制干燥缺陷的产生。
本发明提供的粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体的制备方法通过使用特殊的表面保水剂，从而在养护和干燥过程中，可进一步控制溶剂挥发速率，保证坯体内外干燥速率一致，抑制裂纹的产生。
本发明提供的粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体的制备方法通过使用埋烧并结合低温慢烧工艺，可保障烧成时坯体受热均匀，提高支撑体烧成性能均一性，更可控制坯体中有机质燃烧气体的匀速排出，减少烧成开裂。
本发明的制备的粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体表面无开裂现象，色泽均匀，无明显收缩变形，为合格的粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体产品。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体泥料；泥料软硬适中，塑性较好。
图2为实施例1制备的粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体坯体。
图3为实施例1制备的粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体。
图4为对比例1制备的粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体坯体，干燥后出现大量横向裂纹。图5为实施例2与对比例2制备的粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体(a:对比例2，b：实施例2)；烧结出现开裂，支撑体颜色较深，说明其中有机物排出情况不好，并且支撑体收缩率变大。
图6为对比例3制备的粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体泥料；泥料较硬，且较为松散，粘性较低，不利于成型。
具体实施方式
以下具体实施例旨在进一步说明本发明内容，而不是限制权利要求的保护范围。
以下实施例中采用的化学原料，如果没有特殊说明，均为常规的市售商品原料。
实施例1
步骤1：将粉煤灰颗粒经过气流粉碎机及气流分级机研磨筛分得到颗粒粒度9.5μm的粉煤灰粉体；使用3wt％NaOH溶液进行第一步碱洗，粉料：液料＝1:2；使用1.5wt％柠檬酸进行第二步酸洗，粉料：液料＝1:0.8。
步骤2：按每份重10g计，称取9.5μm粉煤灰80份，苏州土为6份，使用逆流式混料机混合25min；称取木质素磺酸盐0.7份，混合5min；称取99.9％纯度的FAME脂肪酸甲酯1份，甘油3份，混合5min；称取玉米淀粉5.5份，纤维素2份混合5min；称取75℃水22份，乳化硅油0.3份，搅拌25min后倒入混料机混合7min。
步骤3：混合后的泥料经过25℃下陈腐24h之后，进行挤出成型，首先在3MPa的压力下进行第一次练泥，之后抽真空度至0.1个大气压进行第二次练泥，二次练泥完成后陈腐5h，开始进行成型。
步骤4：按照甘油、桐油、二元醇、聚乙二醇按1:2:0.3:0.5配制表面保水剂，经搅拌均匀后使用；成型后的坯体在24℃、25％rh下恒温恒湿环境+表面保水剂喷涂，喷涂量按照6g/0.1m2，养护10h，之后在微波干燥中170℃干燥2h。
步骤5：干燥后的坯体使用粒度30μm的氧化铝砂进行埋烧，烧成制度25～180℃以1.2℃/min升温，180～550℃以0.4℃/min升温，550℃保温60min，550～900℃以3℃/min升温，900～1350℃以4℃/min升温，1350℃保温2h，经自然冷却后取出。
该实施例的粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体制备过程中，泥料、坯体以及烧结体如图1～图3所示，从图1～图3中可以看出，泥料具有软硬适中，塑性较好等特点，有利于挤压成型，而挤出成型的坯体表面无开裂现象，均匀性好，最终烧结成型的支撑体表面也无开裂现象。
实施例2
步骤1：将粉煤灰颗粒经过气流粉碎机及气流分级机研磨筛分得到颗粒粒度9.5μm的粉煤灰粉体；使用16wt％碳酸钠溶液进行第一步碱洗，粉料：液料＝1:3；使用1.5wt％硝酸进行第二步酸洗，粉料：液料＝1:1.5。
步骤2：按每份重10g计，称取9.5μm粉煤灰95份，苏州土为9份，使用逆流式混料机混合25min；称取木质素磺酸盐0.7份，混合5min；称取99.9％纯度的FAME脂肪酸甲酯1份，甘油4份，混合5min；称取玉米淀粉5.5份，纤维素2份混合5min；称取75℃水22份，乳化硅油0.3份，搅拌25min后倒入混料机混合7min。
步骤3：混合后的泥料经过25℃下陈腐30h之后，进行挤出成型，首先在3MPa的挤出压力下进行第一次练泥，之后抽真空度至0.1个大气压进行第二次练泥，二次练泥完成后陈腐5h，开始进行成型。
步骤4：按照甘油、桐油、二元醇、聚乙二醇按2:3:0.6:0.7配制表面保水剂；成型后的坯体在24℃、25％rh下恒温恒湿环境+表面保水剂喷涂，喷涂量按照6g/0.1m2，养护10h，之后在微波干燥中170℃干燥2h。
步骤5：干燥后的坯体使用粒度30μm的氧化铝砂进行埋烧，烧成制度25～180℃以1℃/min升温，180～550℃以0.5℃/min升温，550℃保温60min，550～900℃以4℃/min升温，900～1350℃以5℃/min升温，1350℃保温1.5h，经自然冷却后取出。
该实施例制备的粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体表面也无开裂现象，其尺寸和色泽均匀，无收缩变形现象，为合格的粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体产品，具体如图5中b所示。
对比例1
步骤1：将粉煤灰颗粒经过气流粉碎机及气流分级机研磨筛分得到颗粒粒度9.5μm的粉煤灰粉体；使用3wt％NaOH溶液进行第一步碱洗，粉料：液料＝1:2；使用1.5wt％柠檬酸进行第二步酸洗，粉料：液料＝1:0.8。
步骤2：按每份重10g计，称取9.5μm粉煤灰80份，苏州土为6份，使用逆流式混料机混合25min；称取木质素磺酸盐0.7份，混合5min；称取99.9％纯度的FAME脂肪酸甲酯1份，甘油3份，混合5min；称取玉米淀粉5.5份，纤维素2份混合5min；称取75℃水22份，乳化硅油0.3份，搅拌25min后倒入混料机混合7min。
步骤3：混合后的泥料经过25℃下陈腐24h之后，进行挤出成型，首先在3MPa的压力下进行第一次练泥，之后抽真空度至0.1个大气压进行第二次练泥，二次练泥完成后陈腐5h，开始进行成型。
步骤4：成型后的坯体在24℃、25％rh下恒温恒湿环境养护10静置2h，之后在微波干燥中170℃干燥2h。
该对比实例是未对粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体坯体表面喷洒表面保水剂，其直接经过坯体经过干燥后出现大量横向裂纹，具体如图4，无法进一步烧结获得表面无开裂的粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体。
对比例2
步骤1：将粉煤灰颗粒经过气流粉碎机及气流分级机研磨筛分得到颗粒粒度9.5μm的粉煤灰粉体；使用16wt％碳酸钠溶液进行第一步碱洗，粉料：液料＝1:3；使用1.5％硝酸进行第二步酸洗，粉料：液料＝1:1.5。
步骤2按每份重10g计，称取9.5μm粉煤灰95份，苏州土为9份，使用逆流式混料机混合25min；称取木质素磺酸盐0.7份，混合5min；称取99.9％纯度的FAME脂肪酸甲酯1份，甘油4份，混合5min；称取玉米淀粉5.5份，纤维素2份混合5min；称取75℃水22份，乳化硅油0.3份，搅拌25min后倒入混料机混合7min。
步骤3：混合后的泥料经过25℃下陈腐30h之后，进行挤出成型，首先在3MPa的挤出压力下进行第一次练泥，之后抽真空度至0.1个大气压进行第二次练泥，二次练泥完成后陈腐5h，开始进行成型。
步骤4：按照甘油、桐油、二元醇、聚乙二醇按2:3:0.6:0.7配制表面保水剂；成型后的坯体在24℃、25％rh下恒温恒湿环境+表面保水剂喷涂，喷涂量按照6g/0.1m2，养护10h，之后在微波干燥中170℃干燥2h。
步骤5：烧成制度25～550℃以2.5℃/min升温，550～900℃以5℃/min升温，900～1350℃以5℃/min升温，1350℃保温1.5h，经自然冷却后取出。
该对比例未采用埋烧工艺，可以明显看出粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体坯体经过烧结出现开裂，支撑体颜色较深，说明其中有机物排出情况不好，具体如图5中a所示，且支撑体的收缩率变大，尺寸与设计的尺寸相比差别较大。
对比例3
步骤1：按每份重10g计，称取9.5μm粉煤灰95份，苏州土为9份，使用逆流式混料机混合25min；称取木质素磺酸盐0.7份，混合5min；称取99.9％纯度的FAME脂肪酸甲酯1份，甘油4份，混合5min；称取玉米淀粉5.5份，纤维素2份混合5min；称取75℃水22份，乳化硅油0.3份，搅拌25min后倒入混料机混合7min。
步骤2：混合后的泥料经过25℃下陈腐30h之后，进行挤出成型，首先在3MPa的挤出压力下进行第一次练泥，之后抽真空度至0.1个大气压进行第二次练泥，二次练泥完成后陈腐5h，开始进行成型。
步骤3：按照甘油、桐油、二元醇、聚乙二醇按2:3:0.6:0.7配制表面保水剂；成型后的坯体在24℃、25％rh下恒温恒湿环境+表面保水剂喷涂养护10h，之后在微波干燥中170℃干燥2h。
步骤4：干燥后的坯体使用粒度30μm的氧化铝砂进行埋烧，烧成制度25～180℃以1℃/min升温，180～550℃以0.5℃升温，550℃保温60min，550～900℃以4℃/min升温，900～1350℃以5℃/min升温，1350℃保温1.5h，经自然冷却后取出。
该对比实例主要是未对粉煤灰进行洗涤预处理，且配料方式存在差异，导致制备的泥料较硬，且较为松散，粘性较低，不利于成型，具体泥料状态如图6。
Claims (6)
1.一种粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
1)将粉煤灰进行碱洗和酸洗处理，得到预处理粉煤灰；所述碱洗采用的碱洗液为2～4wt％的氢氧化钠溶液或15～25wt％的碳酸钠溶液，碱洗固液比＝1kg:1.5L～1kg:3L；所述酸洗采用的酸洗液为1～3wt％的柠檬酸溶液、3～7wt％的盐酸溶液、1～5wt％的硫酸溶液或0.5～3wt％的硝酸溶液，酸洗固液比＝1kg:0.5L～1kg:2.5L；
2)将原料进行混料，再进行陈腐和挤出成型，得到生坯体；所述原料包括以下质量份组分：预处理粉煤灰80～95份，塑性粘土6～9份，造孔剂5～8份，低温粘结剂2～4份，水20～28份，润滑剂1～2份，保水剂2～4份，减水剂0.5～1份，脱模剂0.1～0.3份；
3)将生坯体表面喷洒表面保水剂后，置于恒温恒湿环境中静置养护，养护完成后，进行干燥和烧结；所述表面保水剂由甘油、桐油、二元醇和聚乙二醇按质量比1～2.5:2～4:0.3～0.7:0.5～1组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述原料进行混料过程中，先将预处理粉煤灰和塑性粘土混合，再加入减水剂混合，再加入保水剂和润滑剂混合，再加入造孔剂和低温粘结剂混合，最后加入脱模剂混合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述塑性粘土包括苏州土、花岗岩石粉中至少一种；
所述造孔剂包括玉米淀粉、木屑中至少一种；
所述低温粘结剂包括纤维素；
所述润滑剂包括长链脂肪酸甲酯；
所述减水剂包括木质素磺酸盐；
所述脱模剂包括乳化硅油。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述表面保水剂在生坯体表面的喷洒量按照5～10g/0.1m2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述静置养护的条件为：温度为20～25℃，湿度为25±5％rh；时间为8～12h；
所述干燥采用微波干燥，微波干燥的温度为160～180℃，时间为1～3h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述烧结采用埋烧结合低温慢烧方式；采用氧化铝砂和/或氧化锆砂作为埋烧砂，低温慢烧的过程为：温度区间25～180℃，升温速率为0.5～1.5℃/min，温度区间180～550℃，升温速率为0.2～0.8℃/min，在550℃保温30～90min，温度区间550～900℃，升温速率为3～4℃/min，温度区间900～1350℃，升温速率为3～5℃/min，在1350℃保温1.5～2.5h。
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