CN115864000A - Kilo-frequency-range monopole low-frequency small-power low-noise high-sensitivity active antenna - Google Patents
Kilo-frequency-range monopole low-frequency small-power low-noise high-sensitivity active antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kilo-octave monopole low-frequency small-electric low-noise high-sensitivity active antenna which comprises an electric small monopole whip antenna and an active amplifier, wherein the electric small monopole whip antenna is used for receiving an external electromagnetic wave signal and taking a voltage signal sensed after receiving an external electromagnetic wave signal as a radio frequency input signal of the active amplifier; the active amplifier comprises a high-resistance input amplifier, a front-stage voltage follower, a broadband amplifier, a rear-stage voltage follower and an impedance matcher which are sequentially connected, and besides high gain, the active amplifier also has the function of realizing kilo-octave and impedance conversion from high resistance to 50 ohms. The invention has the advantages of small size of the antenna, low working frequency, thousands of frequency ranges of frequency band, low noise coefficient, high sensitivity, low power consumption and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a kilo-octave monopole low-frequency active antenna with small electricity, low noise and high sensitivity.
Background
According to the basic theory of antenna design, for low-frequency antennas, a wire antenna form is generally adopted, the length of the wire antenna is generally half-wave element, and according to the definition of the antenna, the maximum size of the antenna is less than 0.159
（/>
Electromagnetic wave wavelength), that is, an electrically small antenna. When the length of the antenna is far smaller than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, the efficiency or gain of the antenna becomes smaller as the length of the antenna is shortened, and the induced received signal becomes very weak, and the antenna can not receive the signal normally even if no proper measures are taken. To this end, an added amplifier solution is typically used to solve this problem. But when the antenna operating frequency is as low as 10kHz, the frequency range is up to thousand octaves, the antenna slenderness ratio is 170, and the antenna length is only->
（/>
Representing low-frequency wavelength), because the antenna is in a low-frequency band, the real part of the input impedance of the antenna is very small, and the imaginary part is capacitive and has very large capacitive impedance, in order to receive a weak signal, the existing amplification technology cannot meet the requirements of impedance matching, ultra-wide band, low noise coefficient and high sensitivity for the high-impedance input of the electrically small antenna because the input impedance of the input port of the amplifier is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a kilo-octave monopole low-frequency electric small-noise high-sensitivity active antenna.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a kilo-octave monopole low-frequency low-power small-noise high-sensitivity active antenna, comprising:
the electronic small monopole whip antenna is used for receiving an external electromagnetic wave signal and taking a voltage signal induced after receiving the external electromagnetic wave signal as a radio frequency input signal of the active amplifier;
the active amplifier, the active amplifier comprising:
the high-resistance input amplifier is connected with the electric small monopole whip antenna and used for amplifying the radio frequency input signal, the high gain of the high-resistance input amplifier is convenient for reducing the noise coefficient of the active amplifier, and the input impedance of the high-resistance input amplifier is larger than the equivalent impedance of the electric small monopole whip antenna so as to effectively obtain the radio frequency input signal power and improve the sensitivity;
the pre-stage voltage follower is connected with the high-resistance input amplifier and is used for reducing the output impedance of the high-resistance input amplifier so as to match the reduced output impedance with the input impedance of a post-stage broadband amplifier;
the broadband amplifier is connected with the preceding-stage voltage follower and is used for increasing the bandwidth of a signal to realize a thousand-time frequency range and amplifying the signal output by the preceding-stage voltage follower;
the broadband amplifier comprises a rear-stage voltage follower and an impedance matcher, wherein the rear-stage voltage follower is connected with the broadband amplifier, the impedance matcher is connected with the rear-stage voltage follower, and the rear-stage voltage follower is used for reducing the output impedance of the broadband amplifier and carrying out impedance matching on the output impedance of the broadband amplifier through the impedance matcher so as to convert the output impedance of the active amplifier into 50-ohm impedance output.
Optionally, the electric small monopole whip antenna is equivalent to a circuit formed by serially connecting a low-frequency equivalent voltage source, an equivalent resistor and an equivalent capacitor, the radio frequency input signal of the active amplifier is a voltage signal of the low-frequency equivalent voltage source, and the voltage signal is obtained by the electric small monopole whip antenna through receiving the external electromagnetic wave signal.
Optionally, the active amplifier is equivalent to a load of the electrically small monopole whip antenna when applied.
Optionally, the high-resistance input amplifier includes a first triode and a field-effect transistor, and the first triode and the field-effect transistor are connected in a cascode manner of a cascode structure to increase the input impedance of the high-resistance input amplifier.
Optionally, the series cascode mode is specifically that an emitter of the first triode is connected to a drain of the field-effect transistor, and a source of the field-effect transistor is connected to a base of the first triode.
Optionally, the first triode is a low-noise broadband NPN type blue-shift silicon epitaxial planar triode, and the field effect transistor is a low-noise large-transconductance N-channel junction field effect transistor, wherein the field effect transistor is a large-transconductance N-channel junction field effect transistor, so that the output impedance of the high-resistance input amplifier is reduced conveniently.
Optionally, the broadband amplifier comprises a common emitter circuit cascaded by two-stage gain amplifiers.
Optionally, the common emitter circuit specifically includes:
the collector of the second diode is connected with the base of the third diode, the emitter of the second diode is connected with the emitter of the third diode, and the broadband amplifier realizes high-gain design through the common emitter circuit, wherein the second diode and the third diode are both low-noise broadband NPN type green silicon epitaxial planar triodes which are convenient for improving gain.
Optionally, a feedback unit is connected between an emitter of the second diode and a collector of the third diode, and the broadband amplifier increases a bandwidth through the feedback unit to implement a kilo-octave.
Optionally, the feedback unit is designed based on a mode that a resistor and a capacitor are connected in series.
The invention has at least the following technical effects:
1. the high-resistance input amplifier adopts an N-channel junction field effect transistor with high resistance and low noise transconductance and a low-noise broadband NPN type blue-shift silicon epitaxial planar triode with input reactance close to output reactance of the electrically small monopole whip antenna, and is connected in a cascade cascode mode based on a cascode circuit structure, so that imaginary part equivalent capacitance of impedance of the high-resistance input amplifier can be effectively reduced, additional equivalent capacitance introduced by the miller effect is eliminated, and an input impedance value can be increased, so that the input impedance of the high-resistance input amplifier is matched with the equivalent impedance of the electrically small monopole whip antenna, and the high-resistance input amplifier is suitable for the electrically small monopole whip antenna with higher impedance.
2. The invention adopts the two-stage cascade common emitter broadband amplifier, and adds the feedback unit between stages, which can improve the voltage gain of the whole link, and at the same time, is convenient for the broadband amplifier to have higher input impedance to match with the output impedance of the preceding-stage voltage follower, and is convenient for obtaining thousand-fold frequency range.
3. The active antenna has the advantages of small size, low frequency, wide frequency band, high sensitivity, low noise coefficient, moderate compensation gain, low power consumption and strong anti-interference capability.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thousand-fold frequency range monopole low-frequency active antenna with small electric power, low noise and high sensitivity according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial circuit structure of a high-resistance input amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a common emitter circuit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a sensitivity test of an active amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
A kilo-octave monopole low-frequency electrically small low-noise high-sensitivity active antenna of the present embodiment is described below with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a kilo-octave monopole low-frequency electrically small low-noise high-sensitivity active antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the active antenna comprises an electrically small monopole whip antenna and an active amplifier comprising: the high-impedance input amplifier is connected with the electric small monopole whip antenna at the front stage, and the rear stage of the high-impedance input amplifier is sequentially connected with the front stage voltage follower, the broadband amplifier, the rear stage voltage follower and the impedance matcher. Of course, the active antenna also includes a regulated dc power supply for powering the active amplifier.
The electric small monopole whip antenna in this embodiment is configured to receive an external electromagnetic wave signal, and use a voltage signal induced after receiving the external electromagnetic wave signal as a radio frequency input signal of the active amplifier. The active amplifier can amplify a voltage signal induced by the active antenna, namely a radio frequency input signal, so that signal gain is improved, the sensitivity of the active antenna is improved, the noise coefficient of a whole signal link can be reduced, a kilo-fold frequency range can be realized, and the impedance conversion function and the impedance matching function of converting input high impedance to 50-ohm impedance are realized.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the small monopole whip antenna is equivalent to a circuit formed by serially connecting a low frequency equivalent voltage source, an equivalent resistor and an equivalent capacitor, wherein a radio frequency input signal of the active amplifier is a voltage signal of the low frequency equivalent voltage source, and the voltage signal is obtained by the small monopole whip antenna through receiving an external electromagnetic wave signal.
For example, for an antenna having a physical length of
When the electric field component of the incident electromagnetic wave along the antenna direction is ^ and ^>
When the induction voltage of the antenna is->
Wherein is present>
Is the effective height of the antenna>
。
Note that the equivalent impedance of the electrically small monopole whip antenna in this embodiment is a high impedance. According to the antenna principle, for the electrically small monopole whip antenna with the effective height of 0.6 meter, the height far smaller than the electrically small size definition value and the slenderness ratio of 170, the equivalent resistance of the electrically small monopole whip antenna is very small, the capacitance of the equivalent capacitance is very large, and particularly in a low frequency band, the equivalent impedance of the electrically small monopole whip antenna is high-impedance, so that the existing amplification technology cannot meet the requirements of impedance matching, ultra-wide band, low noise coefficient and high sensitivity. In the active antenna provided by the invention, the active amplifier can meet the requirement through the high-resistance input amplifier, the pre-stage voltage follower, the broadband amplifier, the post-stage voltage follower and the impedance matcher link design.
Further, the active amplifier and the receiver of the subsequent stage in this embodiment can be equivalent to the load of the electrically small monopole whip antenna when applied. The high-resistance input amplifier in the embodiment can be used for amplifying a radio-frequency input signal input by the electric small monopole whip antenna, wherein the high gain of the high-resistance input amplifier can facilitate reduction of the noise coefficient of the active amplifier, the input impedance of the high-resistance input amplifier is greater than the equivalent impedance of the electric small monopole whip antenna through design, and the radio-frequency input signal power can be conveniently and effectively acquired so as to improve the sensitivity.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial circuit structure of a high-impedance input amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the high-resistance input amplifier in this embodiment may include a first transistor and a field-effect transistor, and the first transistor and the field-effect transistor are connected in a cascode manner in a cascode structure to increase the input impedance of the high-resistance input amplifier.
The cascade cascode mode is characterized in that an emitter of the first triode is connected with a drain of the field effect transistor, and a source of the field effect transistor is connected with a base of the first triode.
It should be noted that the first triode is a low-noise broadband NPN type blue-grade silicon epitaxial planar triode, wherein the NPN type triode is formed by sandwiching a P type semiconductor between two N type semiconductors, and the NPN type triode is specifically of the type of triode. The field effect transistor of the embodiment is an N-channel junction field effect transistor with low noise and large transconductance, wherein the field effect transistor adopts the N-channel junction field effect transistor with large transconductance, which is convenient for reducing the output impedance of the high-resistance input amplifier.
In this embodiment, since the amplifiers of the cascode structure and the common-source amplifier have the same performance, the cascode structure combines the advantages of the common-drain circuit and the common-source circuit, and in this embodiment, the cascode structure is used as a design basis of the active amplifier, which can effectively reduce the imaginary equivalent capacitance of the impedance of the high-resistance input amplifier, and eliminate the additional equivalent capacitance introduced by the miller effect, so that the equivalent input capacitance of the high-resistance input amplifier is equivalent to the equivalent input capacitance of the common-drain structure, thereby increasing the input impedance value, and when the input impedance is greater than 10 megaohms, the cascode structure can be matched with the impedance of the front-stage electric small monopole whip antenna, thereby obtaining the signal power received by the small monopole whip antenna as much as possible, and improving the sensitivity of the active antenna.
In addition, in the embodiment, a cascode high-resistance input amplifier is designed based on a cascode structure and a low-noise broadband NPN type blue-shift silicon epitaxial planar triode and a low-noise large transconductance N-channel junction field effect transistor, so that the amplification factor can meet the preset requirement, that is, the high-resistance input amplifier not only has high input impedance but also has certain high gain, and therefore, the influence of the noise of a rear-stage link on the equivalent input noise of the whole link can be reduced, and the sensitivity of the active antenna can be further improved. In addition, the high-resistance input amplifier in this embodiment selects the N-channel junction field effect transistor with a larger transconductance while ensuring that the amplification factor reaches the preset requirement, and can obtain an input impedance similar to that of the single-stage N-channel junction field effect transistor common-drain amplification circuit, so that the output impedance can be reduced when the electrically small monopole whip antenna is matched with the high-resistance input amplifier, and an impedance conversion function is achieved.
The front-stage voltage follower in this embodiment is connected to the high-resistance input amplifier, and is configured to reduce an output impedance of the high-resistance input amplifier, so that the reduced output impedance matches an input impedance of the rear-stage broadband amplifier, thereby facilitating a normal operation of the rear-stage amplification circuit.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, a core device of the circuit design of the front-stage voltage follower is a low-noise broadband NPN type green-grade silicon epitaxial planar triode.
The wideband amplifier in this embodiment is connected to the preceding-stage voltage follower, and is configured to increase a signal bandwidth to implement a thousand-fold frequency range, and amplify a signal output by the preceding-stage voltage follower. The broadband amplifier comprises a common emitter circuit formed by cascading two-stage gain amplifiers.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a common emitter circuit according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 3, the common emitter circuit specifically includes a second diode and a third diode, both of which are low-noise, broadband NPN-type, green-stage silicon epitaxial planar triodes that facilitate gain enhancement. The collector of the second diode is connected with the base of the third diode through the first capacitor, the emitter of the second diode is connected with the emitter of the third diode, and the broadband amplifier can achieve high-gain design through the common emitter circuit.
Further, a feedback unit is connected between an emitter of the second diode and a collector of the third diode, the feedback unit comprises a resistor and a second capacitor which are connected in series, and the broadband amplifier can increase bandwidth and realize a thousand-fold frequency range through the feedback unit.
The wide band amplifier in this embodiment is composed of a common emitter circuit cascaded by two-stage gain amplifiers, wherein the bandwidth can be further increased by adding a feedback unit between stages to provide the gain required by the preset design. It should be noted that, the core device of the broadband amplifier design in this embodiment is a low-noise broadband NPN type green-grade silicon epitaxial planar triode with an amplification factor of more than 100, and the gain of the triode can be 20dB (decibel) in the whole frequency range.
It can be understood that, in this embodiment, the two-stage cascaded common emitter broadband amplifier is adopted, and the feedback unit is added between the stages, so that the broadband amplifier can have a higher input impedance to match with the output impedance of the preceding-stage voltage follower while the voltage gain of the whole link is improved, and a thousand-fold frequency range can be obtained conveniently.
The rear-stage voltage follower in the embodiment is connected with the broadband amplifier, the impedance matcher is connected with the rear-stage voltage follower, the rear-stage voltage follower is used for reducing the output impedance of the broadband amplifier, and the impedance matcher is used for performing impedance matching on the output impedance of the broadband amplifier so as to accurately transform the output impedance of the rear-stage voltage follower, which is approximate to 50 ohms, into 50-ohm impedance to be output, so that the impedance is matched with the characteristic impedance of a signal line, the signal transmission loss is reduced, and the maximum signal power is obtained conveniently.
Specifically, the circuit structure of the rear-stage voltage follower is the same as that of the front-stage voltage follower, except that the output impedance of the rear-stage voltage follower is as low as approximately 50 ohms, the rear-stage voltage follower is used for further reducing the output impedance, and a core device of the circuit design is a low-noise broadband NPN type green silicon epitaxial planar triode. The impedance matcher in the embodiment is arranged at the rear end of the post-stage voltage follower, and the output impedance of the output port of the impedance matcher is accurately converted into 50 ohms by serially connecting a resistor with a certain resistance value.
It should be noted that the input impedance of the active amplifier of this embodiment is designed based on the measured data of the electrically small monopole whip antenna, and the active amplifier and the whole circuit can be optimally designed in an integrated manner according to the frequency domain characteristics of the input impedance.
Wherein the active amplifier can be tested for sensitivity. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a sensitivity test of an active amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, an equivalent model of the electrically small monopole whip antenna can be simulated by using a radio frequency signal generator, i.e., a signal source, an equivalent capacitor, and a matching resistor for matching the internal resistance of the signal source, and then the active amplifier of the embodiment is connected, and then a sensitivity test is performed by using a measuring instrument.
The active antenna of the embodiment has the advantages of small size, low frequency, wide frequency band, high sensitivity, low noise coefficient, moderate compensation gain, low power consumption and strong anti-interference capability through the design.
Specifically, the present embodiment hasThe effective height of the source antenna is only
Much less than the length defined by the usual electrical small size>
（/>
Represents a low frequency wavelength, <' > is selected>
Circumferential ratio), then the frequency can be as low as 10kHz, the frequency range can reach thousands of octaves, the output impedance can be transformed from the high impedance of the antenna to 50 ohm output, in addition, the sensitivity is higher, for example, the sensitivity is 10 above 100kHz, and the sensitivity below 100kHz is 40, and the active antenna of the embodiment also has the characteristic of low noise coefficient, for example, the noise coefficient is not more than 6 to 8dB in the whole working frequency range, and the compensation gain is moderate, the gain can be 20dB, and is stable; the active antenna of the embodiment also has the characteristic of low power consumption, the power consumption is less than 0.7 watt, the localization degree of circuit design components is high, the circuit design components are all made of the localization components, the safety is high, and the whole amplifier circuit of the active antenna of the embodiment is free of components such as a logic circuit, a memory and the like, so the anti-electromagnetic pulse interference capability is strong.
In summary, the present invention designs the kilo-octave, low-frequency, low-noise and high-sensitivity active amplifier, and combines it with the passive electrically small monopole whip antenna, so as to not only realize the amplification of the weak signal received by the antenna, but also realize the impedance transformation and matching, so that the signal output has the technical characteristics of the kilo-octave, ultra-wide band, low noise coefficient and high sensitivity on the basis of obtaining a certain gain compensation.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a component of' 8230; \8230;" does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a thousand times frequency range monopole low frequency electricity is little low noise high sensitivity active antenna which characterized in that includes:
the electronic small monopole whip antenna is used for receiving an external electromagnetic wave signal and taking a voltage signal induced after receiving the external electromagnetic wave signal as a radio frequency input signal of the active amplifier;
the active amplifier, the active amplifier comprising:
the high-resistance input amplifier is connected with the electric small monopole whip antenna and used for amplifying the radio frequency input signal, and the high gain of the high-resistance input amplifier is convenient for reducing the noise coefficient of the active amplifier, wherein the input impedance of the high-resistance input amplifier is larger than the equivalent impedance of the electric small monopole whip antenna so as to effectively obtain the radio frequency input signal power and improve the sensitivity;
the pre-stage voltage follower is connected with the high-resistance input amplifier and is used for reducing the output impedance of the high-resistance input amplifier so that the reduced output impedance is matched with the input impedance of a post-stage broadband amplifier;
the broadband amplifier is connected with the preceding-stage voltage follower and used for increasing the signal bandwidth to realize a thousand-fold frequency range and amplifying the signal output by the preceding-stage voltage follower;
the impedance matcher is connected with the rear-stage voltage follower, and the rear-stage voltage follower is used for reducing the output impedance of the broadband amplifier and performing impedance matching on the output impedance of the broadband amplifier through the impedance matcher so as to convert the output impedance of the active amplifier into 50-ohm impedance output.
2. The kilo-octave monopole low-frequency electrically-small-noise-high-sensitivity active antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrically-small monopole whip antenna is equivalent to a circuit formed by serially connecting a low-frequency equivalent voltage source, an equivalent resistor and an equivalent capacitor, the radio-frequency input signal of the active amplifier is a voltage signal of the low-frequency equivalent voltage source, and the voltage signal is obtained by the electrically-small monopole whip antenna through receiving the external electromagnetic wave signal.
3. The kilo-octave monopole low-frequency electrically small low-noise high-sensitivity active antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said active amplifier is equivalent to a load of said electrically small monopole whip antenna when applied.
4. The kilo-octave monopole low-frequency electrical small low-noise high-sensitivity active antenna according to claim 1, wherein the high-impedance input amplifier comprises a first transistor and a field-effect transistor, and the first transistor and the field-effect transistor are connected in a cascade cascode manner in a cascode circuit configuration to increase an input impedance of the high-impedance input amplifier.
5. The kilo-octave monopole low-frequency electric small low-noise high-sensitivity active antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cascade cascode mode is specifically that the emitter of the first triode is connected to the drain of the field effect transistor, and the source of the field effect transistor is connected to the base of the first triode.
6. The kilo-octave monopole low-frequency electric small low-noise high-sensitivity active antenna as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first triode is a low-noise broadband NPN type blue-shift silicon epitaxial planar triode, and the field effect transistor is a low-noise high-transconductance N-channel junction field effect transistor, wherein the field effect transistor adopts a high transconductance N-channel junction field effect transistor, so as to reduce the output impedance of the high-resistance input amplifier.
7. The kilo-octave monopole low-frequency electrically small low-noise high-sensitivity active antenna according to claim 1, wherein the wideband amplifier comprises a common emitter circuit cascaded with two stages of gain amplifiers.
8. The kilo-octave monopole low-frequency electric small low-noise high-sensitivity active antenna according to claim 7, wherein the common emitter circuit specifically comprises:
the collector of the second diode is connected with the base of the third diode, the emitter of the second diode is connected with the emitter of the third diode, and the broadband amplifier realizes high-gain design through the common emitter circuit, wherein the second diode and the third diode are both low-noise broadband NPN type green silicon epitaxial planar triodes which are convenient for improving gain.
9. The kilo-octave monopole low-frequency electrically-small-low-noise high-sensitivity active antenna as claimed in claim 8, wherein a feedback unit is connected between the emitter of the second diode and the collector of the third diode, and the broadband amplifier increases the bandwidth through the feedback unit to realize the kilo-octave.
10. The kilo-octave monopole low-frequency electrical small low-noise high-sensitivity active antenna as claimed in claim 9, wherein the feedback unit is designed based on a resistor and a capacitor connected in series.
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