CN115849795B - Straw fiber composite concrete brick and processing technology thereof - Google Patents
Straw fiber composite concrete brick and processing technology thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 239000011456 concrete brick Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical class [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- IPGANOYOHAODGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dimagnesium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O IPGANOYOHAODGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 description 2
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- 229960001436 calcium saccharate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UGZVNIRNPPEDHM-SBBOJQDXSA-L calcium;(2s,3s,4s,5r)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanedioate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O UGZVNIRNPPEDHM-SBBOJQDXSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- OUFSPJHSJZZGCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lithium silicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] OUFSPJHSJZZGCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The application discloses a straw fiber composite concrete brick and a processing technology thereof, wherein the concrete brick comprises the following components in parts by mass: 350-400 parts of cement, 35-40 parts of fly ash, 600-800 parts of fine sand, 1000-1200 parts of coarse aggregate, 50-60 parts of straw fiber, 0.2-0.3 part of glass fiber and 150-180 parts of water; the straw fiber adopts sodium hydroxide surface modification and adopts lithium silicate series treating agent for durable modification; in the method, the glass fiber is added into the concrete mixture doped with the straw fiber, and the glass fiber monofilament has a diameter of only a few micrometers, so that the weight is light, and a good filling effect is achieved; and the straw fiber is modified, so that the straw fiber and the concrete mixture can be effectively connected, and the compressive strength of the concrete brick can be obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of building wall masonry materials, in particular to a straw fiber composite concrete brick and a processing technology thereof.
Background
With global warming and shortage of global resources, the human living environment is increasingly worsened, and sustainable development of the environment is increasingly focused by people around the world. At present, the main structural form of rural houses in China is a masonry structure, and the traditional sintered clay bricks are still main materials for masonry walls, wherein solid clay bricks are used as main materials. However, firing clay bricks in China wastes a great deal of precious cultivated land resources each year, and simultaneously consumes a great deal of energy to produce a great deal of CO 2 The production of traditional solid clay bricks is prohibited in our country, the environment is polluted, the work is started in 2003, and in the future building market, novel building materials are widely used as substitutes for clay sintered bricks.
As a large agricultural country, 9 hundred million tons of various crop straws are produced each year, and the world is the first to produce straw yield. The maximum straw resources in the Heilongjiang province are nationally, which accounts for about one eighth of the total nationwide, the straw resources per year reach 1.3 hundred million tons, and the collection amount can exceed 1 hundred million tons. Along with the economic development, the demand of straw as rural domestic fuel is gradually reduced, and the yield of straw is increased year by year, so that the transportation cost and the comprehensive utilization cost of straw are high, and the economic performance is poor, and therefore regional and seasonal straw treatment is difficult each year. At present, only a small amount of straws are developed for papermaking, power generation, edible fungus planting and animal feed, and under most conditions, farmers burn the straws directly in situ in the field for the purpose of driving agriculture time and convenient drawing, thereby causing serious air pollution and a large number of social, economic and ecological problems. With the development of economy and the continuous improvement of people's energy saving and environmental protection consciousness, various countries in the world begin to research and apply crop straws as available resources to ecological buildings, and begin to apply and popularize. At present, a large number of researchers at home and abroad use the straw as building materials, such as straw cement building blocks, straw artificial boards, straw paper grass boards and the like, and the researches show that the straw building materials have the advantages of heat preservation and heat insulation performance, sound insulation performance, good earthquake resistance performance and the like.
The straw fiber composite concrete brick fully utilizes agricultural waste straws, improves the utilization rate of straw resources, greatly improves the shortage of resources and energy in China, and solves the problem of environmental pollution in many rural areas, but at present, china does not have building specifications and construction processes of relatively uniform straw fiber composite concrete bricks, and meanwhile, compared with the traditional wall masonry material, the straw fiber composite brick has the problems of low compressive strength, easiness in wetting, low service life and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects, the application provides the straw fiber composite concrete brick and the processing technology thereof, wherein the straw fiber and the glass fiber are added into the concrete by taking the concrete as the main raw material, so as to prepare the straw fiber composite concrete brick with high compressive strength.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a straw fiber composite concrete brick, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the straw fiber composite concrete brick comprises the following components in parts by mass per cubic meter: 350-400 parts of cement, 35-40 parts of fly ash, 600-800 parts of fine sand, 1000-1200 parts of coarse aggregate, 50-60 parts of straw fiber, 0.2-0.3 part of glass fiber and 150-180 parts of water; the straw fiber adopts sodium hydroxide surface modification and adopts lithium silicate series treating agent for durable modification.
The method comprises the steps of adding straw fibers and glass fibers into a concrete mixture, wherein cellulose and hemicellulose in the straw fibers can be converted into sugar acid in an alkaline environment, and the sugar acid and free calcium ions in the concrete mixture are combined to generate calcium saccharate, so that the calcium saccharate is wrapped around cement particles to prevent hydration reaction of cement; the glass fiber is an inorganic nonmetallic material with excellent performance, which is prepared from seven ores of pyrophyllite, quartz sand, limestone, dolomite, loam and brucite serving as raw materials through the processes of high-temperature melting, wire drawing, winding, weaving and the like, and has the advantages of good insulativity, strong heat resistance, good corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength and the like. Because the diameter of the glass fiber monofilaments is only a few micrometers, the glass fiber monofilaments have light weight, and play a good filling role when the glass fibers are added into the concrete mixture doped with straw fibers; and the straw fiber is modified by sodium hydroxide and the lithium silicate treating agent, so that the straw fiber and the concrete mixture can be effectively connected, and the compressive strength of the concrete brick can be obviously improved.
Preferably, the water cement ratio of the straw fiber composite concrete is 0.45, the sand ratio is 39%, the mixing amount of the straw fiber accounts for 15% of the mixing amount of cement in percentage by mass, the mixing amount of the fly ash accounts for 10% of the mixing amount of cement in percentage by mass, and the mixing amount of the glass fiber accounts for 0.05% of the cement in percentage by volume.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fly ash, the cement and the straw fiber are regarded as gel materials, the inventor finds that the water-cement ratio, the sand ratio, the straw fiber mixing amount, the glass fiber mixing amount and the fly ash mixing amount are in synergistic effect, so that the straw fiber composite concrete brick with optimal compressive strength can be obtained, and the molding condition is best, and experiments find that when the water-cement ratio is 0.45, the sand ratio is 39%, the fly ash mixing amount accounts for 10% of the cement mixing amount by mass percent, the straw fiber mixing amount accounts for 15% of the cement mixing amount by mass percent and the glass fiber mixing amount accounts for 0.05% of the cement by volume percent, and the mechanical property of the concrete brick is optimal.
Preferably, the coarse aggregate comprises the following components in mass ratio of 3:7, and mixing stones with the particle size of 4-6 mm and the particle size of 10-20 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, stones with different particle sizes are adopted as coarse aggregate, and stones with particle sizes of 4-6 mm can be filled in gaps between stones with particle sizes of 10-20 mm, so that the compressive strength of the concrete brick can be improved.
Preferably, the length of the straw fiber is 3-10 cm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the length of the straw fiber is limited to be 3-10 cm unequal, the length is moderate, and the mixing uniformity of the straw fiber in the concrete is facilitated, so that the concrete brick is ensured to have higher compressive strength.
Because the surface of the glass fiber is smoother, the glass fiber and the concrete mixture are not provided with effective drawknots; the straw fiber is easy to pull out and pull out when being pressed, so that the compressive strength of the straw fiber concrete is reduced; therefore, before being mixed into concrete mixture, both fibers are subjected to modification treatment, so that the bonding condition of the interface between the straw and the cement matrix is improved, and the retarding and setting preventing effects on the cement-based material are eliminated.
Preferably, the straw fiber is modified by adopting the following method: soaking the straw fiber in NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 3.5%, washing, air-drying, and uniformly dip-coating the surface of the straw fiber with a lithium silicate treating agent to enable the surface of the straw fiber to be in a saturated surface dry state.
By adopting the technical scheme, the straw fiber is treated by adopting the sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 3.5%, so that the surface wax layer can be removed, and components such as lignin, pentosan and the like which influence the setting and hardening of cement can be dissolved; and because the water absorbability of the straw fiber is better, the water-cement ratio can be seriously influenced when the lithium silicate treating agent is added into the concrete, the lithium silicate treating agent is uniformly coated on the surface of the straw fiber in a dip-coating mode, the lithium silicate treating agent is adhered to the surface of the straw fiber, the water absorbability of the straw fiber is reduced, the influence on the water-cement ratio of the concrete is reduced, and the durability of the concrete brick can be obviously improved after the lithium silicate treating agent is treated.
Preferably, the lithium silicate-based treating agent is prepared by the following method: (1) Weighing 30-50 parts of lithium aluminum silicate, 70-100 parts of lithium magnesium silicate and 100-150 parts of water according to the following parts by mass; (2) Soaking and swelling lithium magnesium silicate, and uniformly mixing lithium aluminum silicate in the swelling liquid to prepare the lithium silicate treating agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the lithium silicate treating agent belongs to an inorganic water-soluble surface treating agent, and because the magnesium lithium silicate has a nano microcrystalline structure, the magnesium lithium silicate can be dispersed in water to form swelling liquid, has better adhesiveness, but the magnesium lithium silicate swelling liquid is easy to subside, and the aluminum lithium silicate is added into the magnesium lithium silicate swelling liquid, so that the uniformity of the swelling liquid is maintained, and the magnesium lithium silicate permeates into straw fibers and adheres to the surfaces of the straw fibers, so that the durability of the concrete brick is improved.
Preferably, the length of the glass fiber is 3-5 mm, the glass fiber is modified by using a silane coupling agent mixed treatment solution, and the silane coupling agent mixed treatment solution is prepared according to the following method: 228mL of ethanol, 20mL of distilled water, 3mL of acetic acid and 1.2mL of KH550 are mixed and stirred for 15 minutes to prepare a solution for standby; soaking glass fiber in absolute ethanol for 10min, taking out, putting into the silane coupling agent mixed treatment solution prepared before for 3h, finally taking out, cleaning with water, and drying at 80 ℃ for 5h.
By adopting the technical scheme, the interface of the glass fiber is smooth, so that the glass fiber is not easy to be bonded with gel materials in concrete and the compressive strength of the concrete brick is affected, so that the glass fiber is processed into small sections of 3-5 mm, and the glass fiber is processed by using the silane coupling agent mixed processing solution, thereby being beneficial to improving the effective bonding between the glass fiber and the concrete; the mixed treatment solution of the silane coupling agent is prepared by mixing KH550, ethanol, acetic acid and water in a certain proportion, the surface of the glass fiber is hydrolyzed under the action of the water, and the silane coupling agent repairs the surface of the glass fiber.
In a second aspect, the application provides a processing technology of a straw fiber composite concrete brick, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a processing technology of a straw fiber composite concrete brick comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing each cubic meter of concrete brick according to the following mass parts: 350-400 parts of cement, 35-40 parts of fly ash, 600-800 parts of fine sand, 1000-1200 parts of coarse aggregate, 50-60 parts of straw fiber, 0.2-0.3 part of glass fiber and 150-180 parts of water;
(2) The concrete mixture is stirred according to the mixing proportion, and the feeding sequence is as follows: firstly, uniformly mixing fine sand and coarse aggregate, and then adding 1/3 of water consumption in a designed proportion, stirring and wetting; adding cement and fly ash while stirring, continuously stirring uniformly, and adding water consumption of which the design ratio is 1/3; finally, adding the mixture of straw fibers and glass fibers, uniformly stirring, adding the rest 1/3 of water consumption, and uniformly stirring; the straw fiber composite concrete after mixing is subjected to hand kneading, floor dispersion and vibration extrusion, and the surface of the concrete is discharged with water, and the surface of the formed precast block is smooth and clean.
(3) Putting the straw fiber composite concrete into a mould, vibrating, pressurizing and forming, applying pressure not less than 12kpa, covering the formed test piece with the mould by wet cloth or plastic film, standing for 2d in a room with the temperature of 20+/-5 ℃, removing the mould, and putting the test piece after removing the mould into a standard curing room for curing for 26d.
By adopting the technical scheme, the raw material components are dispersed more uniformly, so that the compressive strength of the prepared concrete brick is higher.
In summary, the present application has at least the following technical effects:
1. according to the method, the glass fibers are added into the concrete mixture doped with the straw fibers, and as the glass fiber monofilaments have the diameter of only a few micrometers and are light in weight, a large amount of glass fibers are filled into the concrete mixture doped with the straw fibers, so that a good filling effect is achieved, the space between the straw fibers and the concrete mixture is more compact, and the compressive strength of the concrete brick is remarkably improved;
2. according to the method, modification treatment is carried out on straw fibers and glass fibers, silane coupling agent mixed treatment liquid and lithium silicate system treatment agent are prepared in advance, and the silane coupling agent mixed treatment liquid is utilized to modify the glass fibers, so that effective drawknot between the glass fibers and concrete mixture is improved; the sodium hydroxide solution and the lithium silicate treating agent are utilized to modify the straw fiber, so that the waxy layer on the surface of the straw fiber is removed, a large amount of the lithium silicate treating agent is adhered to the surface of the straw fiber, the lithium silicate treating agent can permeate into the straw fiber, the water absorption of the straw fiber is reduced, and the durability of the concrete brick is remarkably improved;
3. the mixing amount of fly ash in the formula of the straw fiber composite concrete brick accounts for 10% of the mixing amount of cement in percentage by mass, the mixing amount of straw fiber accounts for 15% of the mixing amount of cement in percentage by mass, the mixing amount of glass fiber accounts for 0.05% of cement in percentage by volume, the water-cement ratio is selected to be 0.45, the sand ratio is 39%, and the 5 parameters are synergistic, so that the prepared concrete brick has optimal compressive strength.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to examples.
The starting materials used in the examples are all commercially available.
And (3) cement: the swan plate 425 cement is adopted, and the relevant parameters of the cement are as follows: screen residue percentage 1.0%, specific surface area 345m 2 Kg, initial setting time 150 min, final setting time 210 min, average flexural strength of 28 balance 8MPa and average compressive strength 46.2MPa.
Fine sand: the local fine sand is adopted, and the relevant parameters of the fine sand are as follows: the fineness modulus is 2.5, the mud content is 3.3%, the mud block content is 3.0%, and the apparent density is 2640kg/m 3 The water content is 0.9%, and the mixture is looseBulk density 1340kg/m 3 Bulk void fraction 50%, close packing density 1540kg/m 3 Close-packed void fraction 42%, saturated surface dry water absorption 0.64%, saturated surface dry apparent density 2670kg/m 3 。
Coarse aggregate: basalt crushed stone is adopted, and the related parameters of the crushed stone are as follows: the mud content is 0.5%, the water content is 0.1%, and the apparent density is 2550kg/m 3 Bulk density 1350kg/m 3 Bulk void fraction 47%, close packing density 1480kg/m 3 Close-packed void fraction 42%, saturated surface dry water absorption 1.7%. The coarse aggregate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7, and mixing stones with the particle size of 4-6 mm and the particle size of 10-20 mm.
Straw fiber: corn stalk is adopted, stem leaves are removed, only the trunk part is reserved, and the corn stalk is processed into straw fiber with different 3 cm to 10cm by a pulverizer.
The glass fibers are preferably chopped glass fibers having a length of 3 to 5 mm.
Examples 1 to 25:
as shown in Table 1, the main difference between examples 1 to 25 is the proportions of concrete bricks.
A straw fiber composite concrete brick is prepared by the following method:
(1) The straw fiber is crushed into crushed sections with different lengths of 3-10 cm by a crusher, and the crushed sections are added into NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 3.5% for soaking for 24 hours, and the solution is dark brown after the soaking is finished. When preparing NaOH solution, the added NaOH solid should be slowly poured in, and stirred while pouring, so as to prevent the phenomenon that NaOH is agglomerated under water. The soaked straw should be washed with clear water for 2-3 times in time, and the washing is completed when the washing liquid is light brown or colorless. Naturally air-drying the washed straws under the drying condition of 25 ℃ for about 12 hours; preparing a lithium silicate-based treating agent: weighing 30 parts of lithium aluminum silicate, 70 parts of lithium magnesium silicate and 100 parts of water according to the following parts by mass; soaking and swelling lithium magnesium silicate, and uniformly mixing lithium aluminum silicate in the swelling liquid to prepare the lithium silicate treating agent. Soaking the dried straw fiber in a lithium silicate treating agent to enable the surface of the straw fiber to be in a saturated surface dry state;
(2) Glass fiber modification treatment: modifying with a silane coupling agent mixed treatment solution, wherein the silane coupling agent mixed treatment solution is prepared according to the following method: 228mL of ethanol, 20mL of distilled water, 3mL of acetic acid and 1.2mL of silane coupling agent KH550 are mixed and stirred for 15min, and a silane coupling agent mixed treatment solution is prepared for standby; soaking glass fiber in ethanol solution for 10min, taking out, putting into the silane coupling agent mixed treatment solution prepared before for 3h, finally taking out, cleaning with water, and drying in a drying box at 80 ℃ for 5h;
(3) The concrete mixture was stirred by a forced concrete mixer in the proportions shown in table 1, and the feeding sequence was as follows: firstly, putting fine sand and coarse aggregate into a stirrer, and starting the stirrer for 30s to uniformly mix the fine sand and the coarse aggregate; then adding 1/3 of the water consumption in the designed proportion, stirring and wetting; adding cement and fly ash while stirring, continuously stirring for 30s, and adding water consumption of which the design ratio is 1/3; finally adding the modified straw fiber and glass fiber mixture, and stirring for 1min; adding the rest 1/3 water consumption, and stirring uniformly; the straw fiber composite concrete after mixing is subjected to hand kneading, floor dispersion and vibration extrusion, and the surface of the concrete is subjected to water discharge and the surface of the formed precast block is smooth and clean;
(4) Straw fiber composite concrete brick size: length x width x height = 240mm x 115mm x 53mm concrete brick;
(5) And manufacturing a corresponding forming die according to the outline dimension of the concrete brick, filling the concrete mixture into the die twice, wherein the first filling is about 80 percent, and the second filling is completely completed. After filling, the tamping rod is used for evenly tamping for 10 times, then the tamping rod is placed on a vibrating table for compaction, the pressure of not less than 12kpa is required to be applied all the time in the vibrating process, the vibrating time is not less than 2min, and the pressurized and vibrated building blocks are suitable for water outlet at the bottom of the mould and surface grouting. After the pressurization and vibration are completed, the belt mould is cured in a curing chamber with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 95 percent for 2d, the mould is disassembled, the curing is continued until the temperature reaches 28d, and bricks are placed on an iron frame and are 1-2 cm away from each other.
TABLE 1 orthogonal test factor level for straw fiber composite concrete tiles
TABLE 2 five factors five level orthogonal test design table (SPSS method)
TABLE 3 results of the extreme analysis of 28d compressive strength in orthogonal test
As can be seen from tables 1 to 3, the extremely poor analysis of the compressive strength results of the orthogonal test shows that the factors affecting the compressive strength of the building block are sequentially (1) the straw fiber blending amount, (2) the water cement ratio, (3) the sand ratio, (4) the fly ash blending amount and (5) the glass fiber blending amount according to the primary and secondary sequencing, and the optimal blending ratio is A5B5C4D3E2, wherein the difference between the straw fiber blending amount and 5% -15% is not large, but the higher the straw blending amount is, the lower the cost is, so the straw blending amount is 15%. The optimal mix ratio is determined as: the water-cement ratio is 0.45, the sand rate is 39%, the mixing amount of the fly ash is 10%, the mixing amount of the glass fiber is 0.05% (volume percentage), and the test piece is manufactured again according to the mixing ratio for compressive strength test, wherein the compressive strength reaches the maximum value of 32.28MPa.
Example 26:
the straw fiber composite concrete brick comprises the following components in parts by mass: 337.5 parts of cement, 37.5 parts of fly ash, 704 parts of fine sand, 1100 parts of coarse aggregate, 56.25 parts of straw fiber, 0.256 part of glass fiber and 168.75 parts of water; the preparation method is the same as the rest examples.
Example 27:
the difference between the present embodiment and the embodiment 26 is that the modification treatment method of the glass fiber is different, the glass fiber is soaked in the silane coupling agent KH550 for 3 hours, taken out, washed with water and dried for 5 hours at 80 ℃.
Comparative example 1:
the difference between the composite concrete brick of straw fiber and the concrete brick of example 26 is that the added glass fiber is absent, the straw fiber is not modified, and the rest components and the preparation method are the same as those of example 26.
Comparative example 2:
the difference between this example and example 26 is that the straw fiber was modified with sodium hydroxide alone and not with lithium silicate based treating agent.
Comparative example 3:
the difference between the composite concrete brick of straw fiber and the concrete brick of example 26 is that the straw fiber is replaced by basalt fiber and is not modified.
Comparative example 4:
the difference between the composite concrete brick of straw fiber and the concrete brick of example 26 is that the straw fiber is replaced by lignin fiber and is not modified.
The detection performance is as follows:
(1) Compressive strength: the detection was carried out according to the specification of the 6.4 th and appendix A of GB/T21144-2007 solid concrete brick.
(2) Durability: the method is characterized by an anti-freezing index, a carbonization coefficient and a softening coefficient, and is detected according to the 10 th, 11 th and 12 th regulations in GB/T4111-2013 concrete block and brick test method.
(3) Water content: reference specification GB/T11969-2008 autoclaved aerated concrete performance test method, calculated according to the formula:
wherein: w (W) S -water content in units of;
M 0 the mass of the test piece after being dried is g;
m, the mass of the test piece before drying, and the unit is g.
(4) Thermal conductivity coefficient: and (3) testing the heat conductivity coefficient of the detection sample by using an ISOMET2114 portable heat transfer analyzer.
Table 4 schematic table of test results of some examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from Table 4, the concrete brick prepared in example 26 has higher compressive strength; the quality loss is greatly reduced, the carbonization coefficient and the softening coefficient are greatly improved, and the durability of the concrete brick is enhanced; the water content and the heat conductivity coefficient are reduced, which indicates that the concrete brick has more excellent water resistance and heat insulation.
In the sample of example 27, the mixed solution was not treated with the silane coupling agent, and KH550 was directly used instead of the silane coupling agent, so that the compressive strength and durability of the concrete brick were substantially the same as those of example 26, but the thermal conductivity was significantly reduced, and it was found that the heat insulation property of the concrete brick was significantly improved after the glass fiber was treated with the mixed solution with the silane coupling agent.
According to the detection result of the comparative example 1, if glass fiber is not added and straw fiber is not modified, the compressive strength of the concrete brick is obviously reduced, and correspondingly, the durability, the waterproof property and the heat preservation are reduced; according to the sample of comparative example 2, when the modification is not performed by using the lithium silicate-based treating agent, the compressive strength of the concrete brick is slightly reduced, the quality loss is greatly improved, and the reduction of the carbonization coefficient and the softening coefficient is obvious, so that the durability of the concrete brick can be greatly improved by using the modification treatment of the lithium silicate-based treating agent, and the influence on the water resistance and the heat preservation property is small.
According to the detection result of the comparative example 3, after the basalt fiber is selected to replace the straw fiber, the compressive strength and the frost resistance of the concrete brick are slightly reduced, but the heat preservation performance is obviously reduced, because the basalt fiber is hard in texture and good in freeze thawing resistance, the mixing uniformity of the basalt fiber in the concrete is poor; according to the detection result of comparative example 4, after the lignin fiber is selected to replace the straw fiber, the compressive strength, the waterproof property and the heat preservation of the concrete brick are obviously reduced; therefore, basalt fibers and lignin fibers in the application cannot replace straw fibers.
Claims (5)
1. The straw fiber composite concrete brick is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass per cubic meter: 350-400 parts of cement, 35-40 parts of fly ash, 600-800 parts of fine sand, 1000-1200 parts of coarse aggregate, 50-60 parts of straw fiber, 0.2-0.3 part of glass fiber and 150-180 parts of water; the straw fiber adopts sodium hydroxide surface modification and adopts lithium silicate series treating agent for durable modification; the water-cement ratio of the straw fiber composite concrete brick is 0.45, the sand ratio is 39%, the mixing amount of the straw fiber accounts for 15% of the mixing amount of cement according to the mass percentage, the mixing amount of the fly ash accounts for 10% of the mixing amount of cement according to the mass percentage, and the mixing amount of the glass fiber accounts for 0.05% of cement according to the volume percentage;
the straw fiber is modified by adopting the following method: soaking the straw fiber by adopting NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 3.5%, washing, air-drying, and uniformly dip-coating a lithium silicate treating agent on the surface of the straw fiber to enable the surface of the straw fiber to be in a saturated surface dry state;
the lithium silicate treating agent is prepared by the following method: (1) Weighing 30-50 parts of lithium aluminum silicate, 70-100 parts of lithium magnesium silicate and 100-150 parts of water according to the following parts by mass; (2) Soaking and swelling lithium magnesium silicate, and uniformly mixing lithium aluminum silicate in the swelling liquid to prepare the lithium silicate treating agent.
2. The straw fiber composite concrete tile of claim 1, wherein: the coarse aggregate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7, and mixing stones with the particle size of 4-6 mm and the particle size of 10-20 mm.
3. The straw fiber composite concrete tile of claim 1, wherein: the length of the straw fiber is 3-10 cm.
4. The straw fiber composite concrete tile of claim 1, wherein: the length of the glass fiber is 3-5 mm, the glass fiber is modified by adopting a silane coupling agent mixed treatment solution, and the silane coupling agent mixed treatment solution is prepared according to the following method: 228mL of ethanol, 20mL of distilled water, 3mL of acetic acid and 1.2mL of KH550 are mixed and stirred for 15 minutes to prepare a solution for standby; soaking glass fiber in absolute ethanol for 10min, taking out, putting into the silane coupling agent mixed treatment solution prepared before for 3h, finally taking out, cleaning with water, and drying at 80 ℃ for 5h.
5. The processing technology of the straw fiber composite concrete brick according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Weighing materials;
(2) The concrete mixture is stirred according to the mixing proportion, and the feeding sequence is as follows: firstly, uniformly mixing fine sand and coarse aggregate, and then adding 1/3 of water consumption in a designed proportion, stirring and wetting; adding cement and fly ash while stirring, continuously stirring uniformly, and adding water consumption of which the design ratio is 1/3; finally, adding the mixture of straw fibers and glass fibers, uniformly stirring, adding the rest 1/3 of water consumption, and uniformly stirring; the straw fiber composite concrete after mixing is subjected to hand kneading, floor dispersion and vibration extrusion, and the surface of the concrete is subjected to water discharge and the surface of the formed precast block is smooth and clean;
(3) Putting the straw fiber composite concrete into a mould, vibrating, pressurizing and forming, applying pressure not less than 12kpa, covering the formed test piece with the mould with wet cloth or plastic film, standing for 2d in a room with the temperature of 20+/-5 ℃, removing the mould, and putting the test piece after removing the mould into a standard curing room for curing for 26d.
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| CN113511863A (en) * | 2021-06-26 | 2021-10-19 | 陕西森右达环保建材有限公司 | High-performance anti-freezing concrete and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109734361A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-05-10 | 福建鸿生高科环保科技有限公司 | A kind of energy-saving ground polymers concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN113511863A (en) * | 2021-06-26 | 2021-10-19 | 陕西森右达环保建材有限公司 | High-performance anti-freezing concrete and preparation method thereof |
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| Title |
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| 秸秆纤维复合混凝土力学性能研究;邓宏宇等;《黑龙江科学》;第13卷(第8期);第21-23页 * |
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