CN102643055A - EPS (Expandable Polystyrene) lightweight aggregate concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
EPS (Expandable Polystyrene) lightweight aggregate concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides EPS (Expandable Polystyrene) lightweight aggregate concrete and a preparation method thereof. The EPS lightweight aggregate concrete effectively meets the requirements of concrete on light weight, uniformity and density in the aspect of structure, and simultaneously has excellent comprehensive properties; the volume weight of the EPS lightweight aggregate concrete is higher than 650 kg/m<3>, the cube compressive strength can reach 1.6MPa, the strength meets the service requirements, and the lightweight aggregate concrete has excellent thermal properties and durability; and shown in a compression test, the concrete has larger deformation before the concrete is damaged due to deformation, so that the toughness of the concrete is improved. The lightweight aggregate concrete comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 350 parts of cement, 90-120 parts of fly coal ash, 30-70 parts of silica fume, 120-140 parts of river sand, 190-210 parts of water, 15-21 parts of EPS grains, 40-60 parts of perlite and 12-18 parts of polymer emulsion. The preparation method comprises the steps of crusting, slurry wrapping, mixing, forming and curing. The lightweight aggregate concrete obtained according to the mixture ratio and the preparation method is uniform and dense in structure, and various properties meet the design requirements, so that the EPS lightweight aggregate concrete has better application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to porous mortar, concrete, rostone or ceramic and method field of manufacturing thereof, specifically relate to a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the continuous propelling of China's wall reform cause, and the promulgation of energy-conservation new standard, clay brick will be banned because of its inherent defective gradually.At present, in order to promote carrying out of China's wall reform, adapt to the requirement of building energy conservation, the staff studies materials for wall always, seeks new materials for wall, and has has researched and developed various new type blocks and replace original clay brick.In addition, along with the reinforcement of protection Environmental awareness, each state all takes much count of the research of garbage waste as the material of construction this respect has also been developed many recovery technologies, and what have makes the corresponding techniques standard.And the stable chemical performance of depleted polystyrene foamed plastics (EPS), not perishable is a kind of pollution to environment; But it is again the extraordinary light material of a kind of heat-insulating property.So, with beating crusher polystyrene foamed plastics is broken into particle, and the light aggregate concrete of processing as aggregate with this particle, it is low to have cost, draw materials easily, lightweight, energy-conservation, sharp useless, advantage; Be a kind of environmental protection, thermal-insulating type material of construction.The building products made from this concrete has good heat insulating, good integrity, characteristics such as construction is simple, quick, energy-conservation, profit is useless, environmental protection.We can find out from above analysis: the insulation blocks of processing with the EPS light aggregate concrete is a kind of outstanding product of substitute for clay brick; Its widespread use will promote China's wall greatly and change the carrying out of work and the development of construction industry, and has very important engineering practical value and social benefit.
The EPS particle is the extraordinary material of a kind of heat-insulating property; But this material property also can be served problem to concrete belt: the one, and EPS particulate density is much littler than the pulverized fuel ash cement mortar; EPS particle come-up appears in stirring molding process easily, the material layering phenomenon; The 2nd, if the EPS particle grain size is too big, possibly cause the cement slurry relative deficiency, cause the hole of EPS light aggregate concrete more.The factor of these two aspects has seriously reduced the even compaction rate of EPS light aggregate concrete.The 3rd, the EPS particle is a kind of organic materials, and its surface has oleophilicity, and cement is a kind of inorganic materials, is main with ionic compound, thereby its surface group has the intensive water-absorbent.These two kinds of distinct surface propertieies of material have caused its surface to be difficult to and to combine.
Therefore; In order to improve the performance of PS light aggregate concrete; Comprise mechanical property, thermal property and endurance quality; The structure of p-poly-phenyl ethene light aggregate concrete is optimized design, is necessary to improve from the proportioning raw materials and the preparation technology of PS light aggregate concrete, makes that concrete even structure on macroscopic view is closely knit; On microcosmic, the interfacial bond property between EPS particle and the sand-cement slurry is better, and concrete cubic compressive strength can arrive certain grade.This widespread use to light aggregate concrete is significant.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete and preparation method thereof, has effectively solved concrete in structure aspects lightweight, all even closely knit requirements, and concrete has the excellent comprehensive performance simultaneously; EPS light aggregate concrete unit weight is greater than 650kg/m
3, cubic compressive strength can reach 1.47MPa, and intensity satisfies request for utilization, and light aggregate concrete has good thermal property and endurance quality; Concrete has moderate finite deformation before the deformation failure in compression tests, toughness improves.
For realizing the foregoing invention purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A kind of EPS light aggregate concrete, its improvements are that said light aggregate concrete comprises following weight part raw material:
Another optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: light aggregate concrete comprises following weight part raw material:
Another optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: light aggregate concrete comprises following weight part raw material:
An optimal technical scheme more of the present invention is: light aggregate concrete comprises following weight part raw material:
Wherein: said polymer emulsion is a Vinyl Acetate Copolymer solution, and said polymer emulsion solid content is 48-53%, and viscosity is 1.5-4.0Pa.s, and the Ph value is 4-6.
Wherein: the granularity 0.1 μ m-0.2 μ m of said silicon ash, density 2.0-2.4g/cm
3, tap density 200-350kg/m
3, specific surface area 15000-25000m
2/ kg.
Wherein: said river sand is selected medium sand for use, and sand coarse aggregate ratio is 20-25% by volume, and tap density is 1225-1325kg/m
3, water-intake rate is 0.95-1.05%.
Wherein: said EPS particulate bulk density is 10～20kg/m
3
Wherein: said perlite is a pearlstone.
A kind of preparation is like any described light aggregate concrete method of claim 1-4, and its improvements are that said method comprises the steps:
1) makes shell
Vinyl Acetate Copolymer solution is added first forced mixer with less water, cement, silicon ash and flyash stir into pasty state;
Drop into the EPS particle and stir 8-15s, make the EPS particle surface hang with the uniform cement mixing mortar of skim to first forced mixer;
Left standstill 1-2 days, and made the grout that is mixed with Vinyl Acetate Copolymer solution condense, harden and produce certain intensity at the EPS particle surface;
2) wrap up in slurry
Sand, perlite and remainder water, cement, flyash and silicon ash are added second forced mixer stir 5-20s, obtain the cement mixing mineral mortar;
The cement mixing mineral mortar is transferred to is placed with in first forced mixer that leaves standstill back cement mixing mortar, must be wrapped with the aggregate of cement mixing mineral grey material;
3) batch mixing
The aggregate that is wrapped with cement mixing mineral grey material is stirred 20-40s in first forced mixer, get the concrete that evenly is mixed with the EPS light-weight aggregate;
4) moulding
The concrete that obtains in the step 3 is transferred in the mould that is positioned on the shaking table; Exert pressure with dull and stereotyped covering and to flat board at the mould upper surface; The control shaking table makes dull and stereotyped and mould resonance 3-30s, and vibration is extracted flat board out after finishing along the material planar horizontal;
Wherein: vibrational frequency is 2860 times/min, and amplitude is 0.3-0.6mm;
5) maintenance
Curing in the mold 2-5 days;
Wherein: the curing in the mold temperature is 25-30 ℃, and maintenance humidity is 60-100%;
The demoulding, with concrete water the back pad pasting, carried out natural curing 14-30 days;
Wherein: the pad pasting curing temperature is 25-30 ℃, and maintenance humidity is 60-100%;
After maintenance finished, the concrete unit weight of finished product was 650-750Kg/m
3, water cut is 3 5-48Kg/m
3
Owing to adopted technique scheme, compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention comprises:
1) light aggregate concrete has structurally satisfied lightweight, all even closely knit requirements
According to the light aggregate concrete that proportioning of the present invention and preparation technology obtain, in the microtexture photo, do not find macropore and communicating aperture, the bonding interface of EPS particle and cement mixing mortar in order, the unit weight of EPS light aggregate concrete is greater than 650kg/m
3, concrete pore structure is evenly distributed;
2) mechanical property of light aggregate concrete, thermal property and endurance quality coupling are good
Because light aggregate concrete structurally shows well, so also corresponding excellent comprehensive performance, in its cubes compression tests, ultimate compression strength has reached 1.3MPa, and folding strength has reached 0.45MPa; Its thermal conductivity is greater than 0.1W/ (m.k) in addition, and heat-insulating property is good;
3) preparation technology's flow process of light aggregate concrete of the present invention is simple, and maintaining process is simple and easy to implement, and has reduced the requirement to the staff;
4) the present invention is a kind of green technology scheme, helps the saving with the energy that is beneficial to of rejected material, and excellent product performance, has bigger economic worth.
In addition, advantage of the present invention also comprises:
The EPS particle is a kind of organic materials; Its surface has oleophilicity, and cement is a kind of inorganic materials, is main with ionic compound; Thereby its surface-area group has the intensive water-absorbent, and the surface properties of these two kinds of completely different materials has caused its surface to be difficult to combine; Adopt the measure of the solution interface adhesion of this patent proposition, can solve the bonding bad difficult problem of EPS particle and sand-cement slurry, and then improve this mechanical properties of concrete.
Because EPS particle unit weight is very little, in concrete stirring moulding process, float easily, laminated segregation takes place, be difficult to form concrete uniformly densely.To this problem; This patent adopts low water-cement ratio pressurization and vibration moulding process; Time and frequency through the control vibration are distributed in the EPS light aggregate concrete EPS uniform particles, mix pearlstone simultaneously EPS particulate delamination degree is further reduced.
EPS particulate volume and particle diameter are the key parameters of decision EPS light aggregate concrete thermal property; Along with EPS particulate volume increases the increase with particle diameter; Possibly cause the cement slurry relative deficiency; Cause the hole of EPS light aggregate concrete more, cause its heat-insulating property variation easily, mechanical property reduces.Provided the scope of EPS particulate volume and two parameters of particle diameter to this problem this patent; The pore size that reduces the EPS light aggregate concrete increases the porosity of EPS light aggregate concrete simultaneously; Thereby make that this concrete thermal conductivity diminishes, and have the good mechanical performance.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further specified.
Fig. 1 is an EPS light aggregate concrete test material preparation technology;
Fig. 2 is the microtexture of EPS light aggregate concrete;
Fig. 3 is that the volume of silicon ash influences synoptic diagram to EPS light aggregate concrete ultimate compression strength;
Fig. 4 is the EPS light aggregate concrete that does not mix polyvinyl acetate emulsion;
Fig. 5 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 2;
Fig. 6 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 4.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with instance the present invention is carried out detailed explanation.
The PS light aggregate concrete is a kind of novel lightweight aggregate concrete; It has the attention that superior thermal property and remarkable economic efficiency more and more receive engineering circle, and the present invention has confirmed this concrete basic proportioning and construction technology according to the characteristics of structural requirement of PS light aggregate concrete and composition material.
The raw material of light aggregate concrete comprises: gelatinous material, framework material, water, thermodynamic material and admixture; Gelling material comprises silicate cement, flyash and silicon ash, and river sand is framework material, and water is this concrete material that mixes and stirs, and EPS particle and perlite are lagging materials, i.e. thermal technology's material, and admixture is a polymer emulsion.Wherein in the concrete each Material Characteristics and the effect as follows:
Gelatinous material
Ordinary Portland cement
The used gelling material of EPS light aggregate concrete mainly is an ordinary Portland cement.Ordinary Portland cement is the topmost gelling material of EPS light aggregate concrete, and its mechanical property is played significant feature.The ordinary Portland cement label is high more, and volume is many more, and the cubic compressive strength of EPS light aggregate concrete is high more.The Camel low alkali ordinary Portland cement that cement adopts the cement mill, Tianjin to produce, label 42.5.
Flyash
After flyash mixes the EPS light aggregate concrete; Can the structure and the performance of EPS light aggregate concrete be exerted an influence; Mainly show three basic sides: first; Shape effect: contain a large amount of glass microballons in the flyash, particle shape is complete, and therefore smooth surface can improve the workability of EPS light aggregate concrete significantly; And density the volume of slurry in the EPS light aggregate concrete is increased, so flyash can improve the workability of EPS light aggregate concrete significantly all less than cement granules.The second, active effect: the SiO in the flyash
2, Al
2O
3Deng the silicate glass body, chemical reaction takes place with generation alkali-activator Ca (OH) behind cement, the mixing water, generate the hydrated calcium silicate isogel, mortar is played enhancement.The 3rd; Micro aggregate effect: flyash particulate dispersion state in cement slurry is good; Help newly to mix EPS light aggregate concrete and the inhomogeneity improvement of sclerosis EPS light aggregate concrete; The effect of flyash micro-aggregate fillibility also helps the filling and the refinement of EPS light aggregate concrete mesoporosity and pore.During configuration EPS light aggregate concrete; The purpose that adds flyash is mainly utilized the shape effect of flyash; Promptly under the situation of the unit weight that does not increase the EPS light aggregate concrete, the volume of slurry in the EPS light aggregate concrete is increased, be filled in the hole of EPS light aggregate concrete and go; Thereby help the EPS light aggregate concrete and form closely knit structure.
The silicon ash
The silicon ash is a kind of very thin powder, and staple is the soft silica of particle superfine (0.1 μ m～0.2 μ m).Its median size is littler 100 times than cement.Silicon ash color between light gray and Dark grey, density 2.2g/cm
3About, than cement (31g/cm
3) want light, similar with flyash, tap density is generally at 200～350kg/m
3Silicon ash specific surface area is between 15000～25000m
2/ kg.Silicon ash physical properties has determined the molecule of silicon ash to have the dispersiveness of height, can be filled in fully between the hydrated cement particle, improves the degree of compactness after slurry hardens.The effect of silicon ash in the EPS light aggregate concrete mainly contains aspect three: first; The volcanical ash effect: the volcanical ash effect of silicon ash can will change into the C-S-H gel to the disadvantageous calcium hydroxide of intensity; And be filled between the hydrated cementitious product, effectively promoted the gain in strength of EPS light aggregate concrete.Simultaneously, the silicon ash constantly is consumed the hydration rate that can accelerate cement with C-H reaction, C-H, improves the early strength of EPS light aggregate concrete.SiO in the silicon ash
2Can produce secondary reaction with the hydrated calcium silicate of lime and high basicity, generate the low basicity hydrated calcium silicate that intensity is higher, stability is more excellent.The second, interfacial effect: the calcium hydroxide (C-H) in EPS particle and the formation of sand-cement slurry interface filtrating area will be more than other zone.In addition, since the volcanical ash effect of silicon ash can EPS particle and sand-cement slurry interface filtrating area generate more and C-S-H gel that quality is more excellent this make cement paste and the raising of EPS particulate interface binding intensity in the EPS light aggregate concrete.The 3rd; Filling effect: the silicon less than 100 times of cement granules diameters in the EPS light aggregate concrete is grey; Be filled between the hole of cement slurry; Its effect is filled between the aggregate space as cement granules and fine aggregate is filled between the coarse aggregate space equally, has increased the degree of compactness of EPS light aggregate concrete from micro-scale.We can find out from above analysis: because the silicon ash contains the active chemical components SiO more than 95%
2, can generate more and the more excellent C-S-H gel of quality at the EPS light aggregate concrete; Both improve the mechanical property of EPS light aggregate concrete, improved cement paste and EPS particulate interface binding intensity in the EPS light aggregate concrete again.In addition, because the silicon ash particle is superfine, can fill and block the duct of EPS light aggregate concrete.So we in the purpose of EPS light aggregate concrete applying silicon ash are: mechanical property, interface structure and the pore structure of improving the EPS light aggregate concrete.
The significant constitutional features of the interfacial transition zone of EPS particle and sand-cement slurry is: C-H crystal (Ca (OH)
2) enrichment and produce orientation, the crystalline mean sizes is bigger, and promptly the interface exists a large amount of defective loose network structures.Therefore to strengthen EPS particle and sand-cement slurry interface region, reduce the difference between interfacial layer and the matrix, must reduce the C-H crystalline content, upset its orientation, reduce its porosity.This patent selects for use the high quality silicon ash to join in the EPS light aggregate concrete as the active mineral spike, makes the SiO in the silicon ash
2Produce secondary reaction with the hydrated calcium silicate of lime and high basicity, generate the low basicity hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H) that intensity is higher, stability is more excellent; So just reduced C-H crystal, increased content and quality sand-cement slurry and the bonding C-S-H gelinite (hydrated calcium silicate) that plays a decisive role of EPS granular boundary bonding interface to sand-cement slurry and bonding detrimental action of EPS granular boundary.In addition, behind the adding active mineral additive, along with the growth of the age of concrete, the newborn continuous filling interface of hydrate district hole not only makes overall porosity reduce, and harmful macropore of interface region has been reduced.Fig. 3 reflected the situation that EPS light aggregate concrete cubic compressive strength increases behind the silicon ash that adds (among the figure O, A and B represent the grey volume of silicon be respectively cement quality 0%, 5% and 10%).As can be seen from the figure: when the volume of silicon ash be cement quality 5% the time, ultimate compression strength can improve about 15%; And when the volume of silicon ash be cement quality 10% the time ultimate compression strength can improve about 20%.This is owing to after the EPS light aggregate concrete mixes the silicon ash, improved the interface structure between sand-cement slurry and the EPS particle, thereby improved EPS light aggregate concrete mechanical property.
Framework material
River sand is to constitute the most important material of EPS light aggregate concrete elastic skeleton, and it plays an important role to the mechanical property of EPS light aggregate concrete with silicate cement jointly.This patent is selected the natural river sand of clean circular granular for use with sand.The tap density of this river sand is 1225-1325kg/m
3, water-intake rate is 0.95-1.05%.The thickness of sand and grain composition are shown in following table.So this sand belongs to medium sand.Sand coarse aggregate ratio is an extremely important test parameter.Because sand is the maximum material of this test unit weight, the selection of sand coarse aggregate ratio directly has influence on the density and its mechanical property of EPS light aggregate concrete.Sand coarse aggregate ratio is to confirm according to EPS space that particle forms; By isometrical spheroid closestpacking Model Calculation, its voidage is 26%, although the EPS particle can not become closestpacking the EPS particle; And mortar should form external phase in whole system; But consider that except sand other material such as flyash also is filled in the space, so sand coarse aggregate ratio is chosen in by volume between 20～25%.
1. the physicals of river sand
River sand is to constitute the most important material of EPS light aggregate concrete elastic skeleton, and it plays an important role to the mechanical property to the EPS light aggregate concrete with silicate cement jointly.The employed sand of this patent is the natural river sand of clean circular granular.The tap density of this river sand is 1274kg/m
3, water-intake rate is 1%.The thickness of sand and grain composition are shown in following table:
Table 1 sand sample analytical results
Water
In the water that mix concrete and maintenance are used, must not contain influential cement and normally condense and the hardened detrimental impurity, like grease, carbohydrate, acid-basicity etc.The natural water of the every tap water that can drink and cleaning can both be used for mixing system and curing concrete.
Thermodynamic material
The EPS particle
The EPS particle is used thermodynamic material by the EPS light aggregate concrete, and in the various composition materials of EPS light aggregate concrete, the material that its heat conductivility is had the greatest impact is exactly the EPS particle.EPS particulate production technique makes the bubble formation closed that it is inner, even therefore the EPS particle is immersed in the water for a long time, water can not immerse in the bubble yet.The little air content of water-intake rate that has so just guaranteed material is high, still has effect of heat insulation preferably when receiving water-soaked.Styrofoam (EPS) pellet density is very low, and (the broken EPS particle that this test is used, density is approximately 10kg/m
3About; Primary EPS particle, density is approximately 20kg/m
3About), heat-insulating property is superior to other material.The light aggregate concrete that it is processed as concrete aggregate, it is low to have density, and thermal conductivity is little, sound insulation, shockproof advantage, and also cheap, energy-conservation profit is useless, is all very high lagging material of a kind of economic benefit and social benefit.The EPS material has the ability of good viscous deformation.Being incorporated into the EPS particle in the concrete, will be that the concrete deformation ability of this kind improves greatly greatly, become a kind of concrete of flexibility.The ultimate compression strength of EPS material is very low, so EPS particle itself is very little to the ultimate compression strength contribution of EPS light aggregate concrete, its effect in concrete mainly plays insulation, heat-blocking action.
EPS particle incorporation is a decision EPS light aggregate concrete thermal property key factor.What of EPS particle volume are not only determining the unit weight of EPS light aggregate concrete, are also determining the thermal property of EPS light aggregate concrete simultaneously.Table 2 has provided the influence of EPS particle incorporation to EPS light aggregate concrete thermal property.Can find out: along with the density decline that increases the EPS light aggregate concrete of EPS particle incorporation, thermal conductivity reduces, but EPS particle incorporation is too much, will cause EPS light aggregate concrete cubic compressive strength significantly to lower.This patent selects the scope of EPS particle volume to be: 18Kg/m
3～21Kg/m
3Between.
Table 2 EPS light aggregate concrete thermal Conductivity Determination test-results
Wherein:
K
11～K
16-EPS the light aggregate concrete of admixture PVA not, EPS particulate volume 15～27kg/m
3
L
11～L
16The EPS light aggregate concrete of-admixture PVA, EPS particulate volume 15～27kg/m
3
When EPS light aggregate concrete volume density was constant, the total amount that goes up contained solid matter in this concrete void content and the unit volume was a definite value; In this case, the thermal conductivity of EPS light aggregate concrete depends primarily on pore size, pore quantity, pore shape and the pore connection situation each other of this material internal.If EPS particulate granularity is big more, the aperture of this material is just big more, and causes between the Kong Yukong easily and be interconnected; Air in the hole produces convection current like this, has increased the conduction of heat, and the thermal conductivity of material will enlarge markedly.Therefore, after the volume density of material is confirmed, reduce EPS particulate granularity and can make diminishing of EPS light aggregate concrete bore hole size, porosity increases, thereby makes that this concrete thermal conductivity diminishes.Table 3 has reflected the influence of EPS particulate granularity to the thermal property of EPS light aggregate concrete, can find out: more little this concrete thermal conductivity of EPS particle is also more little, and this patent selects the scope of EPS grain diameter to be: between 2mm～3mm.
Table 3 EPS grain graininess and thermal conductivity corresponding relation
Pearlstone
Pearlstone is a kind of light heat insulation material, in the EPS light aggregate concrete, mainly plays insulation, fills, suppresses EPS particle come-up.Because the granularity of the pearlstone that the author selects for use is little than the EPS particle, it can be filled in the EPS particulate space; Simultaneously the density of pearlstone is big than the EPS particle, so EPS particulate rising phenomenon receives the restriction of pearlstone when stirring; Add pearlstone in addition and play the effect that makes EPS light-weight aggregate foamed concrete be easy to moulding.Test shows: along with the increase of expanded perlite granule, the density of EPS light aggregate concrete reduces, and water requirement increases, and delamination degree further reduces, and the workability of EPS light aggregate concrete is improved.Although the increase of pearlstone causes the water-intake rate of EPS light aggregate concrete to increase, coefficient of softening reduces, and the pearlstone volume is no more than at 10% o'clock, and the water tolerance of EPS light aggregate concrete is still better, and the pearlstone volume is advisable with 5%.
Pearlstone is with perlite ore, and through fragmentation, screening, preheating, the moment roasting that in high heat (about 1260 ℃), suspends, volume expand suddenly and form.Color is white or greyish white, and grain pattern becomes the honeycomb spumescence, and very light weight is acidproof, alkaline resistance properties is all good.Have insulation, sound absorption, thermal insulation, shockproof, do not fire, characteristics such as nontoxic, tasteless.Pearlstone physicals, chemical ingredients and size composition that this patent is selected for use are as shown in the table:
The composition of table 4 pearlstone and performance
Admixture
The admixture that this patent adopts is: polyvinyl acetate emulsion.This tackiness agent outward appearance is white viscous liquid, and solid content is 50%, and viscosity is 1.5～4.0Pa.s, and the pH value is 4～6, is acid.In addition, polyvinyl acetate emulsion is to belong to polar molecule, and carbonyl and carboxyl are arranged in its polar molecule; And the wetting ability of this solution is stronger.The most outstanding characteristics of polyvinyl acetate emulsion concrete are: its jelling agent is made up of polymeric dispersions and two kinds of active ingredients of cement.This will adopt the method that can bring into play the meliority of polyvinyl acetate emulsion and cement effectively to come the prepared polymer concrete.Polyvinyl acetate emulsion all has significant effects to this mechanical properties of concrete and interface structure and pore structure: first; Increase along with polyvinyl acetate emulsion; The ultimate compression strength of EPS light aggregate concrete slightly reduces; Folding strength, anti-folding/pressure-resisting ratio significantly improve, and the ability of the viscous deformation of this explanation EPS light aggregate concrete has obtained significantly improving.Its former because: mortar condense with process of setting in, a part of polyvinyl acetate emulsion can be at the zone of transition drying and forming-film between EPS particle and the sand-cement slurry, make interface between the two combine more closely knit, more firm; Another polymer bonding agent is distributed to cement and falls in the body, and along with the aquation of cement is carried out, the moisture of cement slurry constantly consumes; Hydrated product increases; Caking agent accumulates in the pore gradually, and becomes tightly packed on the cement-hydrate surface, thereby improves the structure of hardened cement paste.The second, after polyvinyl acetate emulsion added, the pore size distribution in the concrete changed more obvious, and big hole number reduces in the concrete, and little hole number increases to some extent, and in other words variation has taken place the hole grating.It is generally acknowledged that concrete macroscopic behavior not only receives the influence of porosity, but also receive the influence of hole grating.Bigger hole (pore), aperture to the weight of concrete intensity, property effect such as freeze proof, impervious greater than aperture (gel pore).Therefore, mixing of polyvinyl acetate emulsion will inevitably be improved this concrete macroscopic property.The 3rd, along with the increase of polyvinyl acetate emulsion, the denseness of EPS light aggregate concrete reduces, viscosity increases, delamination degree reduces, and cohesiveness and water retention property obviously improve.This is because caking agent is the high molecular polymer that has polar group.When polyvinyl acetate emulsion and EPS particle mix; Nonpolar segment on the polyvinyl acetate emulsion main chain will with the apolar surfaces generation physisorption of EPS; And the polar group of polymkeric substance just outwards aligns on EPS particulate surface, makes the EPS particle become wetting ability by hydrophobic nature.Add the cement mix this moment; The polar group of EPS particle surface absorption just interacts and combines closely with cement, and it is wetting that this shows that the EPS particle is easy to by grout, and bonding force between the two improves greatly; EPS particle uniform distribution in cement slurry, and can rising phenomenon.Technology accompanying drawing 2 has provided the microtexture that adds EPS light aggregate concrete behind the polymer emulsion, as can be seen from the figure: wrapping up in the thick consolidating material of one deck between the EPS particle, and be embedded in the EPS particle; The EPS light aggregate concrete does not have the slit to occur; Bonding very good between this explanation consolidating material and EPS particle.
The EPS particle surface itself is hydrophobic, and is relatively poor with the bonding force of cement.For addressing this problem, this patent selects for use polyvinyl acetate emulsion (PVA) that the EPS particle surface is carried out surface-treated.The PVA polymkeric substance is the high molecular polymer that has polar group; When polymer P VA and EPS particle mix; The apolar surfaces generation physisorption of nonpolar segment in the polymer P VA main chain and EPS particle surface; And the polar group in the polymkeric substance will align at the EPS particle surface, makes the EPS particle become wetting ability by hydrophobic nature.The polar group of EPS particle surface absorption just interacts and combines closely with cement like this, and it is wetting that the EPS particle is easy to by grout, and bonding force between the two improves greatly.Fig. 2 is the ESEM shape appearance figure of EPS light aggregate concrete section, and Fig. 4 and Fig. 6 are the EPS light aggregate concrete of not admixture polymer P VA, and visible EPS particle surface is covered with consolidating material, and tectum is thin and inhomogeneous, tangible slight crack is arranged and comes off.Fig. 6 has obvious gaps for the picture of 1000 times of amplifications between EPS particle and consolidating material.Fig. 2 and Fig. 5 are the ESEM shape appearance figure of the EPS light aggregate concrete section of admixture 5% polymkeric substance, and the EPS particle surface has evenly covered thicker and uniform consolidating material, flawless basically and obscission.Fig. 5 is for amplifying 800 times interface region, it is thus clear that do not have crackle basically between EPS particle and consolidating material, the hydrated cementitious product embeds in the light-weight aggregate, and cement stone combines well with particle surface.Table 5 has provided the contrast situation that adds polymer P VA front and back EPS light aggregate concrete folding strength.From table, can find out: after adding polymer P VA, the folding strength of EPS light aggregate concrete (polymer P VA volume be cement quality 5%) is greater than the folding strength that does not add polymer P VAEPS light aggregate concrete under the same density rating; This be because: polymer P VA not only can carry out modification to the EPS particle surface; Improve the interface binding power of EPS particle surface and sand-cement slurry; But also can between the interface of EPS particle surface and sand-cement slurry, connect to net under the lower volume, thereby suppress fissured formation and expansion better; This shows as the raising of EPS light aggregate concrete folding strength on macroscopic view.
Table 5
Wherein: K
1～K
4-EPS the light aggregate concrete of admixture PVA not, EPS particulate volume 15～27kg/m
3
L
1～L
4The EPS light aggregate concrete of-admixture PVA, EPS particulate volume 15～27kg/m
3
The preparation technology of EPS light aggregate concrete
The EPS particle is the extraordinary material of a kind of heat-insulating property.But this material property also can be served problem to concrete belt: the one, and EPS particulate density is much littler than the pulverized fuel ash cement mortar, in stirring molding process, occurs EPS particle come-up easily, the material layering phenomenon; The 2nd, if the EPS particle grain size is too big, possibly cause the cement slurry relative deficiency, cause the hole of EPS light aggregate concrete more.The factor of these two aspects has seriously reduced the even compaction rate of EPS light aggregate concrete.The 3rd, the EPS particle is a kind of organic materials, and its surface has oleophilicity, and cement is a kind of inorganic materials, is main with ionic compound, thereby its surface-area group has the intensive water-absorbent.These two kinds of distinct surface propertieies of material have caused its surface to be difficult to and to combine.The author combines the process characteristic of above-mentioned EPS light aggregate concrete, has adopted the making flow process shown in the technological accompanying drawing 1, and this technical process can be introduced from stirring technique, moulding process and three aspects of maintaining process:
Stirring technique
According to EPS light aggregate concrete proportioning; Earlier with polyvinyl acetate emulsion with small amount of cement, silicon ash, flyash water furnishing pasty state; Dropping into the EPS particle stirs in forced mixer one together; Make spherome surface that the uniform cement mixing mortar of skim arranged, treat surface drying after, preferably wait until the grout that is mixed with polyvinyl acetate emulsion; On the EPS spherome surface, condense, harden and produce certain intensity, together stir moulding at the cement mixing mortar that forced mixer two stirs again with remainder water, cement, flyash, sand, pearlstone, silicon ash.
The pressurization and vibration moulding process
Because EPS particulate density is much littler than sand-cement slurry, when adopting common vibro-moulding process serious demixing phenomenon can appear; Cause EPS light aggregate concrete quality inhomogeneous, greatly reduce its performance.In order to overcome this defective, should adopt low water-cement ratio pressurization and vibration moulding process, cover on the mould with flat board during vibration, exert pressure slightly, plate and mould are vibrated simultaneously.In vibration processes, the EPS particle of come-up receives the pressure limitation of plate, and the EPS uniform particles is distributed.Here time of vibration is a very important parameters: when time of vibration is lower than the Best Times skewness; And surpassing Best Times, compound the bleeding segregation phenomenon can occur again.The compacting vibratory compaction of low water-cement ratio, the comparable normal concrete of its time of vibration is a little longer, is convenient to the material homodisperse, and time of vibration should exceed with surperficial bleeding.Clamp surface should be smooth, do not hinder moving horizontally of concrete mixture.After vibration finished, pressing plate should be extracted out along the material planar horizontal, can be to surperficial troweling.Can't mention vertically upward, in case because pressing plate makes goods produce internal fissure to the suction of compound.In addition, the EPS particle is very light, if vibrational frequency is excessive, the EPS particle can float on the contrary during vibration.Therefore, to regulate suitable vibrational frequency watering when smashing.Test shows: when control shaking table vibrational frequency be 2860 times/minute, amplitude is 0.3～0.6mm, can produce EPS light aggregate concrete comparatively uniformly densely.
Maintaining process
The maintaining process of EPS light aggregate concrete has three elements, is curing temperature, maintenance humidity and perdurability that these three parameters should reasonably be selected according to the employed starting material of concrete.After the closely knit moulding, the stable of its external form can not be guaranteed because the EPS light aggregate concrete pressurizes, therefore demoulding maintenance can not be carried out at once; And after answering curing in the mold to treat that this concrete had certain intensity in 2～3 days, but just demoulding carries out maintenance.During the maintenance of EPS light aggregate concrete by himself characteristics: if cover with curing membrane on its surface, in preserving period because the concrete thermal insulation of intensity of EPS light aggregate concrete can make the temperature recovery of EPS light aggregate concrete get comparatively fast.Quicken condensing of EPS light aggregate concrete so can utilize this effect.Adopted natural curing technology after the moulding of EPS concrete sample, when adopting natural curing, should take to cover and water, spray measures such as film insulation, heat-preserving anti-freezing.
The physical-mechanical properties of EPS light aggregate concrete
The EPS light aggregate concrete to the requirement of structure aspects is: lightweight, even, closely knit.Reach this requirement, must guarantee on macroscopic view that the proportioning of selected material and technology are suitable; On microcosmic, to avoid occurring harmful macropore and communicating aperture, and will guarantee interface bonding firm of EPS particle and cement mixing mortar.The quality of EPS light aggregate concrete structure directly has influence on each item performance of this material.Mechanical property is the important indicator of EPS light aggregate concrete.This index comprises cubic compressive strength, folding strength and the axial compressive strength of EPS light aggregate concrete.Wherein cubic compressive strength is of paramount importance index, improves cubical ultimate compression strength and is guaranteeing that EPS light aggregate concrete thermal property is a restricted condition.The use of composite gel materials such as cement, flyash, silicon ash is the basis that guarantees EPS light aggregate concrete mechanical property.Thermal property is that the mechanical property with this material is the basis.Here EPS particulate consumption, size, the thermal property of EPS light aggregate concrete has been played conclusive effect.EPS particulate diameter is big more, and this concrete aperture is also big more, has increased the convection current of air like this, and the heat conductivility of this material is descended; In addition, because the EPS particle is fabulous light heat insulation material, the increase of its consumption can make material thermal conductivity descend the thermal property of strongthener; But the density of material is descended, and intensity reduces.Research to EPS light aggregate concrete endurance quality: mainly comprise two indexs of anti-permeability performance and anti-freezing property.The pore structure of these two indexs and EPS light aggregate concrete has important relation.It is big more that the connection situation in the size in aperture and hole has played critical effect-aperture to the endurance quality of EPS light aggregate concrete, and the endurance quality that is communicated with this material between the Kong Yukong more is poor more, and is opposite just good more.
Choosing proportioning raw materials in this instance is: 350 parts of cement, 110 parts in flyash, 70 parts of silicon ashes, 127 parts in river sand, 198 parts in water, 15 parts of EPS particles, 40 parts of perlites, 18 parts of polyvinyl acetate emulsions;
The granularity 0.1 μ m of silicon ash, density 2.4g/cm
3, tap density 350kg/m
3, specific surface area 25000m
2/ kg;
River sand sand coarse aggregate ratio is 20% by volume, and tap density is 1325kg/m
3, water-intake rate is 1.0%;
EPS particulate density is 10kg/m
3
Preparation technology:
Make shell
Vinyl Acetate Copolymer solution is added first forced mixer with less water, cement, silicon ash and flyash stir into pasty state;
Drop into the EPS particle and stir 8s, make the EPS particle surface hang with the uniform cement mixing mortar of skim to first forced mixer;
Wrap up in slurry
Sand, perlite and remainder water, cement, flyash and silicon ash are added second forced mixer stir 5s, obtain the cement mixing mineral mortar;
The cement mixing mineral mortar is transferred to is placed with in first forced mixer that leaves standstill back cement mixing mortar, must be wrapped with the aggregate of cement mixing mineral grey material;
Batch mixing
The aggregate that is wrapped with cement mixing mineral grey material is stirred 20s in first forced mixer, get the concrete that evenly is mixed with the EPS light-weight aggregate;
Moulding
The concrete that obtains in the step 3 is transferred in the mould that is positioned on the shaking table, covered and flat board is exerted pressure with dull and stereotyped at the mould upper surface, the control shaking table makes after the vibration end, extracts dull and stereotyped and mould resonance 10s flat board out along the material planar horizontal;
Wherein: vibrational frequency is 2860 times/min, and amplitude is 0.3mm;
Maintenance
The band mould is 25-30 ℃ in temperature, and humidity is maintenance 2 days under 60% the environment;
The demoulding with the concrete back pad pasting that waters, is 25-30 ℃ in temperature, and humidity is natural curing 14 days under 60% the environment;
After maintenance finished, the concrete unit weight of finished product was 650Kg/m
3, water cut is 38Kg/m
3
Embodiment 2:
Choosing proportioning raw materials in this instance is: 350 parts of cement, 90 parts in flyash, 50 parts of silicon ashes, 120 parts in river sand, 190 parts in water, 18 parts of EPS particles, 50 parts of perlites, 15 parts of polyvinyl acetate emulsions;
The granularity 0.15 μ m of silicon ash, density 2.2g/cm
3, tap density 280kg/m
3, specific surface area 20000m
2/ kg;
River sand sand coarse aggregate ratio is 22% by volume, and tap density is 1275kg/m
3, water-intake rate is 0.95%;
EPS particulate density is 15kg/m
3
Preparation technology:
Make shell
Vinyl Acetate Copolymer solution is added first forced mixer with less water, cement, silicon ash and flyash stir into pasty state;
Drop into the EPS particle and stir 10s, make the EPS particle surface hang with the uniform cement mixing mortar of skim to first forced mixer;
Left standstill 1.5 days, and made the grout that is mixed with Vinyl Acetate Copolymer solution condense, harden and produce certain intensity at the EPS particle surface;
Wrap up in slurry
Sand, perlite and remainder water, cement, flyash and silicon ash are added second forced mixer stir 10s, obtain the cement mixing mineral mortar;
The cement mixing mineral mortar is transferred to is placed with in first forced mixer that leaves standstill back cement mixing mortar, must be wrapped with the aggregate of cement mixing mineral grey material;
Batch mixing
The aggregate that is wrapped with cement mixing mineral grey material is stirred 30s in first forced mixer, get the concrete that evenly is mixed with the EPS light-weight aggregate;
Moulding
The concrete that obtains in the step 3 is transferred in the mould that is positioned on the shaking table, covered and flat board is exerted pressure with dull and stereotyped at the mould upper surface, the control shaking table makes after the vibration end, extracts dull and stereotyped and mould resonance 20s flat board out along the material planar horizontal;
Wherein: vibrational frequency is 2860 times/min, and amplitude is 0.45mm;
Maintenance
The band mould is 25-30 ℃ in temperature, and humidity is maintenance 4 days under 80% the environment;
The demoulding with the concrete back pad pasting that waters, is 25-30 ℃ in temperature, and humidity is natural curing 22 days under 80% the environment;
After maintenance finished, the concrete unit weight of finished product was 715Kg/m
3, water cut is 36Kg/m
3
Embodiment 3:
Choosing proportioning raw materials in this instance is: 350 parts of cement, 120 parts in flyash, 30 parts of silicon ashes, 140 parts in river sand, 210 parts in water, 21 parts of EPS particles, 60 parts of perlites, 12 parts of polyvinyl acetate emulsions;
The granularity 0.2 μ m of silicon ash, density 2.0g/cm
3, tap density 200kg/m
3, specific surface area 15000m
2/ kg;
River sand sand coarse aggregate ratio is 25% by volume, and tap density is 1225kg/m
3, water-intake rate is 1.05%;
EPS particulate density is 20kg/m
3
Preparation technology:
Make shell
Vinyl Acetate Copolymer solution is added first forced mixer with less water, cement, silicon ash and flyash stir into pasty state;
Drop into the EPS particle and stir 15s, make the EPS particle surface hang with the uniform cement mixing mortar of skim to first forced mixer;
Wrap up in slurry
Sand, perlite and remainder water, cement, flyash and silicon ash are added second forced mixer stir 20s, obtain the cement mixing mineral mortar;
The cement mixing mineral mortar is transferred to is placed with in first forced mixer that leaves standstill back cement mixing mortar, must be wrapped with the aggregate of cement mixing mineral grey material;
Batch mixing
The aggregate that is wrapped with cement mixing mineral grey material is stirred 40s in first forced mixer, get the concrete that evenly is mixed with the EPS light-weight aggregate;
Moulding
The concrete that obtains in the step 3 is transferred in the mould that is positioned on the shaking table, covered and flat board is exerted pressure with dull and stereotyped at the mould upper surface, the control shaking table makes after the vibration end, extracts dull and stereotyped and mould resonance 30s flat board out along the material planar horizontal;
Wherein: vibrational frequency is 2860 times/min, and amplitude is 0.6mm;
Maintenance
The band mould is 25-30 ℃ in temperature, and humidity is maintenance 5 days under 100% the environment;
The demoulding with the concrete back pad pasting that waters, is 25-30 ℃ in temperature, and humidity is natural curing 30 days under 100% the environment;
After maintenance finished, the concrete unit weight of finished product was 750Kg/m
3, water cut is 48Kg/m
3
Table 6 item has provided the physical-mechanical properties of EPS light aggregate concrete among embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3.In the EPS light aggregate concrete, because the ability that the soft and volume of EPS particle matter makes EPS light aggregate concrete material compare viscous deformation with general concrete material more greatly wants big many.In the cubes compression tests, test specimen will just destroy through very big distortion, and this explanation EPS light aggregate concrete material is a kind of " ductility " material, and it is favourable to the anti-seismic performance of structure to be used for body of wall.
The performance index of table 6 EPS light aggregate concrete
Invention has been described according to specific exemplary embodiment here.It will be conspicuous under not departing from the scope of the present invention, carrying out suitable replacement to one skilled in the art or revise.Exemplary embodiment only is illustrative, rather than to the restriction of scope of the present invention, scope of the present invention is by appended claim definition.
Claims (10)
1. EPS light aggregate concrete is characterized in that said light aggregate concrete comprises following weight part raw material:
2. a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that said light aggregate concrete comprises following weight part raw material:
3. a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that said light aggregate concrete comprises following weight part raw material:
4. a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that said light aggregate concrete comprises following weight part raw material:
5. like any described a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that said polymer emulsion is a Vinyl Acetate Copolymer solution, said polymer emulsion solid content is 48-53%, and viscosity is 1.5-4.0Pa.s, and the Ph value is 4-6.
6. like any described a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that the granularity 0.1 μ m-0.2 μ m of said silicon ash, density 2.0-2.4g/cm
3, tap density 200-350kg/m
3, specific surface area 15000-25000m
2/ kg.
7. like any described a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that said river sand selects medium sand for use, sand coarse aggregate ratio is 20-25% by volume, tap density is 1225-1325kg/m
3, water-intake rate is 0.95-1.05%.
8. like any described a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that said EPS particulate bulk density is 10～20kg/m
3
9. like any described a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that said perlite is a pearlstone.
10. one kind prepares any described light aggregate concrete method like claim 1-4, it is characterized in that said method comprises the steps:
1) makes shell
Vinyl Acetate Copolymer solution is added first forced mixer with less water, cement, silicon ash and flyash stir into pasty state;
Drop into the EPS particle and stir 8-15s, make the EPS particle surface hang with the uniform cement mixing mortar of skim to first forced mixer;
Left standstill 1-2 days, and made the grout that is mixed with Vinyl Acetate Copolymer solution condense, harden and produce certain intensity at the EPS particle surface;
2) wrap up in slurry
Sand, perlite and remainder water, cement, flyash and silicon ash are added second forced mixer stir 5-20s, obtain the cement mixing mineral mortar;
The cement mixing mineral mortar is transferred to is placed with in first forced mixer that leaves standstill back cement mixing mortar, must be wrapped with the aggregate of cement mixing mineral grey material;
3) batch mixing
The aggregate that is wrapped with cement mixing mineral grey material is stirred 20-40s in first forced mixer, get the concrete that evenly is mixed with the EPS light-weight aggregate;
4) moulding
The concrete that obtains in the step 3 is transferred in the mould that is positioned on the shaking table; Exert pressure with dull and stereotyped covering and to flat board at the mould upper surface; The control shaking table makes dull and stereotyped and mould resonance 3-30s, and vibration is extracted flat board out after finishing along the material planar horizontal;
Wherein: vibrational frequency is 2860 times/min, and amplitude is 0.3-0.6mm;
5) maintenance
Curing in the mold 2-5 days;
Wherein: the curing in the mold temperature is 25-30 ℃, and maintenance humidity is 60-100%;
The demoulding, with concrete water the back pad pasting, carried out natural curing 14-30 days;
Wherein: the pad pasting curing temperature is 25-30 ℃, and maintenance humidity is 60-100%;
After maintenance finished, the concrete unit weight of finished product was 650-750Kg/m
3, water cut is 35-48Kg/m
3
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| ES2502690A1 (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2014-10-03 | Arraela, S.L. | Heat-energy-accumulating material |
| CN107382218A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-24 | 常州富思通管道有限公司 | A kind of modified EPS concrete |
| CN108706936A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-10-26 | 成都市容德建筑劳务有限公司 | Concrete with heat insulation function |
| CN109400067A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-03-01 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of lightweight aggregate concrete |
| CN109503067A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-03-22 | 青岛崇置混凝土工程有限公司 | Light aggregate concrete and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103145378A (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2013-06-12 | 熊建珍 | Expandable polystyrene (EPS) anti-cracking concrete and preparation method thereof |
| ES2502690A1 (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2014-10-03 | Arraela, S.L. | Heat-energy-accumulating material |
| WO2014162035A1 (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2014-10-09 | Arraela, S.L. | Heat-energy-accumulating material |
| CN103435296A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2013-12-11 | 杭州博数土木工程技术有限公司 | Aggregate laminated concrete and variable-frequency pressurizing vibration preparation method thereof |
| CN103435296B (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2016-04-20 | 浙江中隧桥波形钢腹板有限公司 | The stacked concrete of aggregate and frequency conversion pressurization and vibration preparation method |
| CN107382218A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-24 | 常州富思通管道有限公司 | A kind of modified EPS concrete |
| CN108706936A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-10-26 | 成都市容德建筑劳务有限公司 | Concrete with heat insulation function |
| CN109503067A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-03-22 | 青岛崇置混凝土工程有限公司 | Light aggregate concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN109503067B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2021-02-02 | 青岛崇置混凝土工程有限公司 | Light aggregate concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN109400067A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-03-01 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of lightweight aggregate concrete |
| CN112326378A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-02-05 | 同济大学 | Recycled concrete model and preparation method thereof |
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