CN102875181A - Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) light aggregate concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) light aggregate concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102875181A CN102875181A CN2012100988159A CN201210098815A CN102875181A CN 102875181 A CN102875181 A CN 102875181A CN 2012100988159 A CN2012100988159 A CN 2012100988159A CN 201210098815 A CN201210098815 A CN 201210098815A CN 102875181 A CN102875181 A CN 102875181A
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Abstract
The invention provides EPS light aggregate concrete and a preparation method thereof. The EPS light aggregate concrete effectively meets the requirements on a light-weight, uniform and dense structure of the concrete, and has an outstanding integrated performance; the EPS light aggregate concrete has a unit weight of up to 550 kg/m<3> and a cube crushing strength of up to 1.3 MPa which meets the using requirement; in addition, the light aggregate concrete has good thermal performance and durability. In a compression test for the concrete, a large deformation occurs before deformed breakage, and the toughness is improved. The light aggregate concrete comprises 350 parts of cement, 90 to 120 parts of coal ash, 30 to 70 parts of silica fume, 120 to 140 parts of river sand, 190 to 210 parts of water, 15 to 21 parts of EPS particles, 40 to 60 parts of perlite and 2 to 6 parts of water reducer. The light aggregate concrete prepared by the preparation method according to the proportion is uniform and dense in structure, and meets the design requirements on each performance and preparation, so as to have a good application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mortar, concrete, rostone or ceramic and the method field of manufacturing thereof of porous, specifically relate to a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the continuous propelling of China's wall reform cause, and the promulgation of energy-conservation new standard, clay brick will be banned gradually because of its intrinsic defective.Along with the reinforcement of protection of the environment consciousness, each state all takes much count of the research of garbage waste as the material of construction this respect has also been developed many recovery technologies, and what have makes corresponding technical specifications.And the stable chemical performance of discarded polystyrene foamed plastics (EPS), not perishable is a kind of pollution to environment; But it is again the extraordinary light material of a kind of heat-insulating property.So, with beating crusher polystyrene foamed plastics is broken into particle, and the light aggregate concrete of making as aggregate with this particle, it is low to have cost, draw materials easily, lightweight, energy-conservation, sharp useless, advantage; A kind of environmental protection, thermal-insulating type material of construction.The building products made from this concrete has good heat insulating, good integrity, the characteristics such as construction is simple, quick, energy-conservation, profit is useless, environmental protection.We can find out from above analysis: the insulation blocks made from the EPS light aggregate concrete is a kind of outstanding product that replaces clay brick; Its widespread use will promote carrying out and the development of construction that China's wall changes work greatly, and has very important engineering practical value and social benefit.
The EPS particle is the extraordinary material of a kind of heat-insulating property, but this material property also can be served problem to concrete belt: the density ratio water of coal ash cement mortar of the one, EPS particle is much smaller, EPS particle come-up appears in stirring molding process easily, the material layering phenomenon; The 2nd, if the particle diameter of EPS particle is too large, may cause the cement slurry relative deficiency, cause the hole of EPS light aggregate concrete more.The factor of these two aspects has seriously reduced the even compaction rate of EPS light aggregate concrete.The 3rd, EPS particle is a kind of organic materials, and its surface has lipophilicity, and cement is a kind of inorganic materials, and take ionic compound as main, thereby its surface group has strong water-absorbent.The distinct surface properties of this bi-material has caused its surface to be difficult to and combination.
Therefore, in order to improve the performance of polystyrene light aggregate concrete, comprise mechanical property, thermal property and endurance quality, the structure of p-poly-phenyl ethene light aggregate concrete is optimized design, be necessary to improve from proportioning raw materials and the preparation technology of polystyrene light aggregate concrete, so that concrete even structure on macroscopic view is closely knit; On microcosmic, the interfacial bond property between EPS particle and the sand-cement slurry is better, and concrete cubic compressive strength can arrive certain grade.This widespread use to light aggregate concrete is significant.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete and preparation method thereof, has effectively solved concrete in structure aspects lightweight, all even closely knit requirements, has simultaneously excellent over-all properties; EPS light aggregate concrete unit weight is greater than 650kg/m
3, cubic compressive strength can reach 1.6MPa, and intensity satisfies service requirements, and light aggregate concrete has good thermal property and endurance quality; Concrete has moderate finite deformation before the deformation failure in compression tests, toughness improves.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme taked of the present invention is:
A kind of EPS light aggregate concrete, its improvements are that described light aggregate concrete comprises following weight part raw material:
Another optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: described light aggregate concrete comprises following weight part raw material:
Another optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: described light aggregate concrete comprises following weight part raw material:
An again optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: described light aggregate concrete comprises following weight part raw material:
Wherein: described water reducer is the non-research work of air entrained type high efficiency water reducing agent of UNF-5.
Wherein: cement is ordinary Portland cement;
Wherein: the granularity 0.1 μ m-0.2 μ m of described silicon ash, density 2.0-2.4g/cm
3, tap density 200-350kg/m
3, specific surface area 15000-25000m
2/ kg;
Described river sand is selected medium sand, and sand coarse aggregate ratio is 20-25% by volume, and tap density is 1225-1325kg/m
3, water-intake rate is 0.95-1.05%;
The density of described EPS particle is 10～20kg/m
3
Described perlite is pearlstone.
A kind ofly prepare any described light aggregate concrete method such as claim 1-4, its improvements are that described method comprises the steps:
1) stirring technique
The water of cement, flyash, silicon ash, perlite, water reducer, river sand and 20-30% is obtained low water-cement ratio paste through the stirrer stirring;
Wherein: churning time is 5-15s;
Remaining water and EPS particle joined to stir in the clean slurry obtain mixed material;
Wherein: churning time is 5-15s;
2) moulding process
Mixed material is transferred in the mould that is positioned on the shaking table, exerted pressure with dull and stereotyped covering and to flat board at the mould upper surface, the control shaking table is so that flat board and mould vibrate 3-30s simultaneously, and vibration is extracted flat board out after finishing along the material planar horizontal;
Wherein: vibrational frequency is 2860 times/min, and amplitude is 0.3-0.6mm;
3) maintaining process
Curing in the mold 2-5 days;
Wherein: the curing in the mold temperature is 25-30 ℃, and maintain humidity is 60-100%;
The demoulding with the concrete rear pad pasting that waters, was carried out natural curing 14-30 days;
Wherein: the pad pasting curing temperature is 25-30 ℃, and maintain humidity is 60-100%;
After maintenance finished, the concrete unit weight of finished product was 650-750Kg/m
3, water content is 35-48Kg/m
3
An again optimal technical scheme of the present invention is: in the described maintaining process, curing in the mold humidity is 70-100%, and described pad pasting maintain humidity is 70-100%.
Owing to adopted technique scheme, compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention comprises:
1) light aggregate concrete has structurally satisfied lightweight, all even closely knit requirements
According to the light aggregate concrete that proportioning of the present invention and preparation technology obtain, in the microtexture photo, do not find macropore and communicating aperture, the bonding interface of EPS particle and cement mixing mortar in order, the unit weight of EPS light aggregate concrete is greater than 500kg/m
3, concrete pore structure is evenly distributed;
2) mechanical property of light aggregate concrete, thermal property and endurance quality coupling are good
Because light aggregate concrete structurally shows well, so the also over-all properties of corresponding excellence, in its cubes compression tests, ultimate compression strength has reached 1.3MPa, and folding strength has reached 0.45MPa; Its thermal conductivity is greater than 0.1W/ (m.k) in addition, and heat-insulating property is good;
3) preparation technology's flow process of light aggregate concrete of the present invention is simple, and maintaining process is simple and easy to implement, and has reduced the requirement to the staff;
4) the present invention is a kind of green technology scheme, is conducive to the saving with the energy of being beneficial to of rejected material, and excellent product performance, has larger economic worth.
In addition, advantage of the present invention also comprises:
The EPS particle is a kind of organic materials, its surface has lipophilicity, and cement is a kind of inorganic materials, take ionic compound as main, thereby its surface-area group has strong water-absorbent, and the surface properties of these two kinds of completely different materials has caused its surface to be difficult to combination; Adopt the measure of the solution interface adhesion of this patent proposition, can solve the bonding bad difficult problem of EPS particle and sand-cement slurry, and then improve this concrete mechanical property.
Because EPS particle unit weight is very little, in the concrete-agitating moulding process, float easily, laminated segregation occurs, be difficult to form uniformly densely concrete.For this problem, this patent adopts low water-cement ratio pressurization and vibration moulding process, time and frequency by the control vibration are distributed in the EPS light aggregate concrete EPS uniform particles, mix simultaneously pearlstone the delamination degree of EPS particle is further reduced.
The volume of EPS particle and particle diameter are the key parameters that determines EPS light aggregate concrete thermal property, along with the volume of EPS particle increases increase with particle diameter, may cause the cement slurry relative deficiency, cause the hole of EPS light aggregate concrete more, cause easily its heat-insulating property variation, mechanical property reduces.Provided the scope of volume and two parameters of particle diameter of EPS particle for this problem this patent, the pore size that reduces the EPS light aggregate concrete increases the porosity of EPS light aggregate concrete simultaneously, thereby so that this concrete thermal conductivity diminishes, and has good mechanical property.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is EPS light aggregate concrete preparation technology;
Fig. 2 is the crack of EPS light aggregate concrete cubes Compressive failure test specimen;
Fig. 3 is that the volume of silicon ash affects synoptic diagram to EPS light aggregate concrete ultimate compression strength.
Embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with example.
The polystyrene light aggregate concrete is a kind of novel lightweight aggregate concrete, it has the attention that superior thermal property and significant economic benefit more and more are subject to engineering circles, and the present invention has determined this concrete basic proportioning and construction technology according to the characteristics of the structural requirement of polystyrene light aggregate concrete and composition material.
The raw material of light aggregate concrete comprises: gelatinous material, framework material, water, thermodynamic material and admixture; Gelling material comprises silicate cement, flyash and silicon ash, and river sand is framework material, and water is this concrete material that mixes and stirs, and EPS particle and perlite are lagging materials, i.e. thermal technology's material, and admixture is water reducer.Wherein the character and effect of each raw material is as follows in the concrete:
Gelatinous material:
Ordinary Portland cement:
The used gelling material of EPS light aggregate concrete mainly is ordinary Portland cement.Ordinary Portland cement is the topmost gelling material of EPS light aggregate concrete, plays a part main to its mechanical property.The ordinary Portland cement label is higher, and volume is more, and the cubic compressive strength of EPS light aggregate concrete is higher.The Camel low alkali ordinary Portland cement that this test adopts the cement mill, Tianjin to produce, label 42.5.
Flyash
After flyash mixes the EPS light aggregate concrete, can structure and the performance of EPS light aggregate concrete be exerted an influence, be mainly manifested in the three basic aspect: first, shape effect: contain a large amount of glass microballons in the flyash, particle shape is complete, and therefore smooth surface can improve the workability of EPS light aggregate concrete significantly; And density the volume of slurry in the EPS light aggregate concrete is increased, so flyash can improve the workability of EPS light aggregate concrete significantly all less than cement granules.The second, active effect: the SiO in the flyash
2, Al
2O
3Deng the silicate glass body, with generation alkali-activator Ca (OH) behind cement, the mixing water
2Chemical reaction occurs, generate the hydrated calcium silicate isogel, mortar is played enhancement.The 3rd, micro aggregate effect: flyash particulate dispersion state in cement slurry is good, help newly to mix EPS light aggregate concrete and the inhomogeneity improvement of sclerosis EPS light aggregate concrete, the effect of flyash micro-aggregate fillibility also helps filling and the refinement of EPS light aggregate concrete mesoporosity and pore.When configuration EPS light aggregate concrete, the purpose that adds flyash is mainly utilized the shape effect of flyash, namely in the situation of the unit weight that does not increase the EPS light aggregate concrete, the volume of slurry in the EPS light aggregate concrete is increased, be filled in the hole of EPS light aggregate concrete and go; Thereby be conducive to the EPS light aggregate concrete and form closely knit structure.
The silicon ash
The silicon ash is a kind of very thin powder, and main component is the soft silica of particle superfine (0.1 μ m～0.2 μ m).Its median size is less 100 times than cement.Silicon ash color between light gray and Dark grey, density 2.2g/cm
3About, than cement (31g/cm
3) want light, similar to flyash, tap density is generally at 200～350kg/m
3Silicon ash specific surface area is between 15000～25000m
2/ kg.Silicon ash physical properties has determined that the molecule of silicon ash has the dispersiveness of height, can be filled in fully between the hydrated cement particle, improves the degree of compactness after slurry hardens.The effect of silicon ash in the EPS light aggregate concrete mainly contains aspect three: first, the volcanic ash effect: the volcanic ash effect of silicon ash can will change into the C-S-H gel to the disadvantageous calcium hydroxide of intensity, and be filled between the hydrolysis product of cement, effectively promoted the gain in strength of EPS light aggregate concrete.Simultaneously, the silicon ash constantly is consumed the hydration rate that can accelerate cement with C-H reaction, C-H, improves the early strength of EPS light aggregate concrete.SiO in the silicon ash
2Can produce secondary reaction with the hydrated calcium silicate of lime and high alkalinity, generate the low basicity hydrated calcium silicate that intensity is higher, stability is more excellent.Second, interfacial effect: the calcium hydroxide that forms at EPS particle and sand-cement slurry interface filtrating area (C-H) will be more than other zone, being filled in small silicon ash particle in the cement slurry can become C-H " crystal seed ", makes the size of C-H crystal less, and orientation more at random; In addition, since the volcanic ash effect of silicon ash can EPS particle and sand-cement slurry interface filtrating area generate more and C-S-H gel that quality is more excellent this so that the interface binding intensity raising of cement paste and EPS particle in the EPS light aggregate concrete.The 3rd, filling effect: the silicon less than 100 times of cement granules diameters in the EPS light aggregate concrete is grey, be filled between the hole of cement slurry, its effect is filled between the aggregate space as cement granules and fine aggregate is filled between the coarse aggregate space, has increased the degree of compactness of EPS light aggregate concrete from micro-scale.We can find out from above analysis: because the silicon ash contains the active chemical components SiO more than 95%
2, can generate more and the more excellent C-S-H gel of quality at the EPS light aggregate concrete; Both improve the mechanical property of EPS light aggregate concrete, improved again the interface binding intensity of cement paste and EPS particle in the EPS light aggregate concrete.In addition, because the silicon ash particle is superfine, can fill and block the duct of EPS light aggregate concrete.So we in the purpose of EPS light aggregate concrete applying silicon ash are: mechanical property, interface structure and the pore structure of improving the EPS light aggregate concrete.
The significant constitutional features of the interfacial transition zone of EPS particle and sand-cement slurry is: C-H crystal (Ca (OH)
2) enrichment and produce orientation, the mean sizes of crystal is larger, and namely the interface exists a large amount of defective loose network structures.Therefore to strengthen EPS particle and sand-cement slurry interface region, reduce the difference between interfacial layer and the matrix, must reduce the C-H crystalline content, upset its orientation, reduce its porosity.This patent selects the high quality silicon ash to join in the EPS light aggregate concrete as the active mineral spike, makes the SiO in the silicon ash
2Produce secondary reaction with the hydrated calcium silicate of lime and high alkalinity, generate the low basicity hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H) that intensity is higher, stability is more excellent; So just reduce the C-H crystal to sand-cement slurry and bonding detrimental action of EPS granular boundary, increased content and quality to sand-cement slurry and the bonding C-S-H gelinite (hydrated calcium silicate) that plays a decisive role of EPS granular boundary bonding interface.In addition, behind the adding active mineral additive, along with the growth of the age of concrete, the newborn continuous filling interface of hydrate district hole not only makes overall porosity reduce, and harmful macropore of interface region has been reduced.Fig. 3 has reflected the situation that EPS light aggregate concrete cubic compressive strength increases behind the silicon ash that adds (volume that O, A and B represent the silicon ash among the figure be respectively cement quality 0%, 5% and 10%).As can be seen from the figure: when the volume of silicon ash be cement quality 5% the time, ultimate compression strength can improve about 15%; And when the volume of silicon ash be cement quality 10% the time ultimate compression strength can improve about 20%.This is owing to after the EPS light aggregate concrete mixes the silicon ash, improved the interface structure between sand-cement slurry and the EPS particle, thereby improved EPS light aggregate concrete mechanical property.
Framework material
River sand is to consist of the most important material of EPS light aggregate concrete elastic skeleton, and it and silicate cement play an important role to the mechanical property of EPS light aggregate concrete jointly.This test is the natural river sand of clean circular granular with sand.The tap density of this river sand is 1225-1325kg/m
3, water-intake rate is 0.95-1.05%.The thickness of sand and grain composition are shown in following table.So this sand belongs to medium sand.Sand coarse aggregate ratio is an extremely important test parameter.Because sand is the material of this test unit weight maximum, the selection of sand coarse aggregate ratio directly has influence on density and its mechanical property of EPS light aggregate concrete.When just beginning to explore the test recipe of EPS light aggregate concrete, sand coarse aggregate ratio is to determine according to EPS space that particle forms, the EPS particle is calculated by isometrical spheroid closestpacking model, its voidage is 26%, although the EPS particle can not become closestpacking, and mortar should form external phase in whole system, considers except sand, other material such as flyash also is filled in the space, so sand coarse aggregate ratio is chosen in by volume between 20～25%.
The physicals of river sand
River sand is to consist of the most important material of EPS light aggregate concrete elastic skeleton, and it and silicate cement play an important role to the mechanical property to the EPS light aggregate concrete jointly.The employed sand of this patent is the natural river sand of clean circular granular.The tap density of this river sand is 1274kg/m3, and water-intake rate is 1%.The thickness of sand and grain composition are shown in following table:
Table 1 sand sample analytical results
Water
In the water that mix concrete and maintenance are used, must not contain that influential cement normally condenses and the detrimental impurity of sclerosis, such as grease, carbohydrate, acid-basicity etc.The natural water of the every tap water that can drink and cleaning can both be used for mixing system and curing concrete.
Thermodynamic material:
The EPS particle
The EPS particle is used thermodynamic material by the EPS light aggregate concrete, and in the various composition materials of EPS light aggregate concrete, the material that its heat conductivility is had the greatest impact is exactly the EPS particle.The production technique of EPS particle is so that its inner bubble formation closed, even therefore the EPS particle is immersed in the water for a long time, water can not immerse in the bubble yet.The little air content of water-intake rate that has so just guaranteed material is high, still has preferably effect of heat insulation when being subjected to water-soaked.The EPS light aggregate concrete is to use regeneration EPS particle as the coarse aggregate in the concrete, and the type material of Mixed With Admixture composition.Styrofoam (EPS) pellet density is very low, and (the broken EPS particle that this test is used, density is approximately 10kg/m
3About; Primary EPS particle, density is approximately 20kg/m
3About), heat-insulating property is better than other material.The light aggregate concrete that it is made as concrete aggregate, it is low to have density, and thermal conductivity is little, and the advantage of sound insulation, antidetonation is and cheap, and energy-conserving profit waste is all very high lagging materials of a kind of economic benefit and social benefit.The EPS material has the ability of good viscous deformation.When the EPS particle is incorporated in the concrete, with the ability of the concrete distortion of this kind is improved greatly, become a kind of concrete of flexibility.The ultimate compression strength of EPS material is very low, so EPS particle itself is very little to the ultimate compression strength contribution of EPS light aggregate concrete, its effect in concrete mainly plays insulation, heat-blocking action.
EPS particle incorporation is to determine EPS light aggregate concrete thermal property key factor.What of EPS particle volume are not only determining the unit weight of EPS light aggregate concrete, are also determining simultaneously the thermal property of EPS light aggregate concrete.Table 2 has provided the impact of EPS particle incorporation on EPS light aggregate concrete thermal property.Can find out: along with the density decline that increases the EPS light aggregate concrete of EPS particle incorporation, thermal conductivity reduces, but EPS particle incorporation is too much, will cause EPS light aggregate concrete cubic compressive strength significantly to lower.This patent selects the scope of EPS particle volume to be: 18Kg/m
3～21Kg/m
3Between.
The determination test result of table 2 EPS light aggregate concrete thermal conductivity
Wherein:
K
11～K
16-EPS the light aggregate concrete of admixture PVA not, the volume 15～27kg/m of EPS particle
3
L
11～L
16The EPS light aggregate concrete of-admixture PVA, the volume 15～27kg/m of EPS particle
3
When EPS light aggregate concrete volume density was constant, the total amount of upper contained solid matter was definite value in this concrete void content and the unit volume; In this case, the thermal conductivity of EPS light aggregate concrete depends primarily on pore size, pore quantity, pore shape and the pore connection situation each other of this material internal.If the granularity of EPS particle is larger, the aperture of this material is just larger, and causes between the Kong Yukong easily and be interconnected; Air in the hole produces convection current like this, has increased the conduction of heat, and the thermal conductivity of material will enlarge markedly.Therefore, after the volume density of material was determined, the granularity that reduces the EPS particle can make diminishing of EPS light aggregate concrete bore hole size, and porosity increases, thereby so that this concrete thermal conductivity diminish.Table 3 has reflected that the granularity of EPS particle on the impact of the thermal property of EPS light aggregate concrete, can find out: less this concrete thermal conductivity of EPS particle is also less, and this patent selects the scope of EPS grain diameter to be: between 2mm～3mm.
Table 3 EPS grain graininess and thermal conductivity corresponding relation
Perlite
Perlite is selected pearlstone, and pearlstone is with perlite ore, and through fragmentation, screening, preheating, the moment roasting that suspends in high heat (about 1260 ℃), volume suddenly expand and form.Color is white or greyish white, and grain pattern becomes the honeycomb spumescence, and very light weight is acidproof, alkaline resistance properties is all good.Have insulation, sound absorption, thermal insulation, shockproof, do not fire, the characteristics such as nontoxic, tasteless.Pearlstone is a kind of light heat insulation material, mainly plays insulation in the EPS light aggregate concrete, fills, suppresses EPS particle come-up.Because the granularity of the pearlstone that the author selects is little than the EPS particle, it can be filled in the space of EPS particle; Simultaneously the density of pearlstone is large than the EPS particle, so the rising phenomenon of EPS particle is subject to the restriction of pearlstone when stirring; Add in addition pearlstone and play the effect that makes EPS light-weight aggregate foamed concrete be easy to moulding.Test shows: along with the increase of expanded perlite granule, the density of EPS light aggregate concrete reduces, and water requirement increases, and delamination degree further reduces, and the workability of EPS light aggregate concrete is improved.Although the increase of pearlstone causes the water-intake rate of EPS light aggregate concrete to increase, coefficient of softening reduces, and when the pearlstone volume was no more than 10%, the water tolerance of EPS light aggregate concrete was still better, and the pearlstone volume is advisable with 5%.
Selected pearlstone physicals, chemical ingredients and the size composition of this patent is as shown in the table:
The composition of table 4 pearlstone and performance
Admixture
The used admixture of EPS light aggregate concrete is the non-research work of air entrained type high efficiency water reducing agent of UNF-5 that tianjin building research institute produces.This water reducer is after a kind of " tensio-active agent " mixes grout, cement particle is electronegative because of the negatively charged ion of absorption UNF-5 high efficiency water reducing agent, cause ion water generates polarity on every side, homo-ion repelling each other stoped the close to each other of cement ion, causes to disperse and the effect of separating, thereby absorption and the diffusion of cement granules have been improved, suppressed the aggegation of cement slurry and be inclined to, increased the contact area of cement granules and water, made cement be able to abundant aquation.In the process of its diffusion cement granules, discharge simultaneously the free-water that aggregate surrounds, improved workability, reduce and mix the water yield, reduced accordingly water cement ratio, for saving single cement consumption and improving intensity and created condition.The UNF-5 high efficiency water reducing agent can improve the concrete mix workability, and the reason that this high efficiency water reducing agent improves mixing concrete thing workability can be summarized as: absorption-dissemination, lubrication.In addition, high efficiency water reducing agent can make the slump of mixture that obvious increase is arranged, but also thereupon the strengthening through time loss of the slump.Volume by increasing high efficiency water reducing agent and with the flyash compound use, can effectively reduce the EPS light aggregate concrete slump through the time rate of loss.Flyash has played carrier because of its huge surface-area to high efficiency water reducing agent, has reduced its saturation concentration, thereby can significantly improve the flowability of slurry.
The preparation technology of EPS light aggregate concrete
In conjunction with the characteristics of EPS light aggregate concrete, the adopting process flow process is shown in technology accompanying drawing 1.This Technology is introduced from stirring technique, moulding process and three aspects of maintaining process:
Stirring technique
The EPS light aggregate concrete is very crucial uniformly densely to making for stirring technique, according to material fiting ratio, first cement, flyash, silicon ash, perlite and part water are stirred into low water-cement ratio paste, will only starch again and stir together with the EPS particle, add at last residue water and stir even.
The pressurization and vibration moulding process
Because the density ratio sand-cement slurry of EPS particle is much smaller, when adopting common vibro-moulding process serious demixing phenomenon can appear; Cause EPS light aggregate concrete quality inhomogeneous, greatly reduce its performance.In order to overcome this defective, should adopt low water-cement ratio pressurization and vibration moulding process, cover on the mould with flat board during vibration, slightly exert pressure, plate and mould are vibrated simultaneously.In vibration processes, the EPS particle of come-up is subjected to the pressure limitation of plate, and the EPS uniform particles is distributed.Here time of vibration is a very important parameter: when time of vibration is lower than the Best Times skewness; And surpassing Best Times, compound the bleeding segregation phenomenon can occur again.The compacting vibratory compaction of low water-cement ratio, the comparable normal concrete of its time of vibration is a little longer, is convenient to the material Uniform Dispersion, and time of vibration should be limited with surperficial bleeding.Clamp surface should be smooth, do not hinder moving horizontally of concrete mixture.After vibration finished, pressing plate should be extracted out along the material planar horizontal, but the effects on surface troweling.Can't mention vertically upward, in case because pressing plate makes goods produce internal fissure to the suction of compound.In addition, the EPS particle is very light, if vibrational frequency is excessive, the EPS particle can float on the contrary during vibration.Therefore, to regulate suitable vibrational frequency watering when smashing.Test shows: when control shaking table vibrational frequency be 2860 times/minute, amplitude is 0.3～0.6mm, can produce comparatively uniformly densely EPS light aggregate concrete.
Maintaining process
The maintaining process of EPS light aggregate concrete has three elements, is curing temperature, maintain humidity and perdurability that these three parameters should reasonably be selected according to the employed starting material of concrete.After the closely knit moulding, the stable of its external form can not be guaranteed because the EPS light aggregate concrete pressurizes, therefore demoulding maintenance can not be carried out at once; And answer curing in the mold 2～5 days after this concrete has certain intensity, but just demoulding carries out maintenance, and the curing in the mold temperature is room temperature, and the about 25-30 of temperature ℃, maintain humidity is 60-100%.The characteristics that himself is arranged during the maintenance of EPS light aggregate concrete: if on its surface coated with curing membrane, in preserving period because the concrete thermal insulation of intensity of EPS light aggregate concrete can make the temperature recovery of EPS light aggregate concrete get comparatively fast.Accelerate condensing of EPS light aggregate concrete so can utilize this effect.Adopted natural curing technique after the moulding of EPS concrete sample, when adopting natural curing, should take to cover and water, spray the measures such as film insulation, heat-preserving anti-freezing, the natural curing condition of pad pasting is the about 25-30 of temperature ℃, and maintain humidity is 60-100%, and curing time is 14-30 days.
Embodiment 1:
Choosing proportioning raw materials in this example is: 350 parts of cement, 110 parts in flyash, 70 parts of silicon ashes, 126 parts in river sand, 198 parts in water, 15 parts of EPS particles, 40 parts of perlites, 2 parts of water reducers;
The granularity 0.1 μ m of silicon ash, density 2.4g/cm
3, tap density 350kg/m
3, specific surface area 25000m
2/ kg;
River sand sand coarse aggregate ratio is 20% by volume, and tap density is 1325kg/m
3, water-intake rate is 1.0%;
The density of EPS particle is 10kg/m
3
Preparation technology:
Stirring technique
Under the room temperature, the water of cement, flyash, silicon ash, perlite, water reducer, river sand and 20-30% is stirred 10s through stirrer obtain low water-cement ratio paste; Remaining water and EPS particle joined stir 10s in the clean slurry and obtain mixed material;
Moulding process
The stirring material is transferred in the mould that is positioned on the shaking table, exerted pressure with dull and stereotyped covering and to flat board at the mould upper surface, the control shaking table is so that flat board and mould vibrate 10s simultaneously, and vibration is extracted flat board out after finishing along the material planar horizontal;
Wherein: vibrational frequency is 2860 times/min, and amplitude is 0.3mm;
Maintaining process
The band mould is 25-30 ℃ in temperature, and humidity is maintenance 2 days under 60% the environment;
The demoulding with the concrete rear pad pasting that waters, is 25-30 ℃ in temperature, and humidity is natural curing 14 days under 60% the environment;
After maintenance finished, the concrete unit weight of finished product was 650Kg/m
3, water content is 40Kg/m
3
Embodiment 2:
Choosing proportioning raw materials in this example is: 350 parts of cement, 90 parts in flyash, 50 parts of silicon ashes, 120 parts in river sand, 190 parts in water, 18 parts of EPS particles, 50 parts of perlites, 4 parts of water reducers;
The granularity 0.15 μ m of silicon ash, density 2.2g/cm
3, tap density 280kg/m
3, specific surface area 20000m
2/ kg;
River sand sand coarse aggregate ratio is 22% by volume, and tap density is 1275kg/m
3, water-intake rate is 0.95%;
The density of EPS particle is 15kg/m
3
Preparation technology:
Stirring technique
Under the room temperature, the water of cement, flyash, silicon ash, perlite, water reducer, river sand and 20-30% is stirred 5s through stirrer obtain low water-cement ratio paste; Remaining water and EPS particle joined stir 5s in the clean slurry and obtain mixed material;
Moulding process
The stirring material is transferred in the mould that is positioned on the shaking table, exerted pressure with dull and stereotyped covering and to flat board at the mould upper surface, the control shaking table is so that flat board and mould vibrate 3s simultaneously, and vibration is extracted flat board out after finishing along the material planar horizontal;
Wherein: vibrational frequency is 2860 times/min, and amplitude is 0.45mm;
Maintaining process
The band mould is 25-30 ℃ in temperature, and humidity is maintenance 4 days under 80% the environment;
The demoulding with the concrete rear pad pasting that waters, is 25-30 ℃ in temperature, and humidity is natural curing 22 days under 80% the environment;
After maintenance finished, the concrete unit weight of finished product was 550Kg/m
3, water content is 36Kg/m
3
Embodiment 3:
Choosing proportioning raw materials in this example is: 350 parts of cement, 120 parts in flyash, 30 parts of silicon ashes, 140 parts in river sand, 210 parts in water, 21 parts of EPS particles, 60 parts of perlites, 6 parts of water reducers;
The granularity 0.2 μ m of silicon ash, density 2.0g/cm
3, tap density 200kg/m
3, specific surface area 15000m
2/ kg;
River sand sand coarse aggregate ratio is 25% by volume, and tap density is 1225kg/m
3, water-intake rate is 1.05%;
The density of EPS particle is 20kg/m
3
Preparation technology:
Stirring technique
Under the room temperature, the water of cement, flyash, silicon ash, perlite, water reducer, river sand and 20-30% is stirred 15s through stirrer obtain low water-cement ratio paste; Remaining water and EPS particle joined stir 15s in the clean slurry and obtain mixed material;
Moulding process
The stirring material is transferred in the mould that is positioned on the shaking table, exerted pressure with dull and stereotyped covering and to flat board at the mould upper surface, the control shaking table is so that flat board and mould vibrate 30s simultaneously, and vibration is extracted flat board out after finishing along the material planar horizontal;
Wherein: vibrational frequency is 2860 times/min, and amplitude is 0.6mm;
Maintaining process
The band mould is 25-30 ℃ in temperature, and humidity is maintenance 5 days under 100% the environment;
The demoulding with the concrete rear pad pasting that waters, is 25-30 ℃ in temperature, and humidity is natural curing 30 days under 100% the environment;
After maintenance finished, the concrete unit weight of finished product was 750Kg/m3, and water content is 48Kg/m
3
The physical-mechanical properties of EPS light aggregate concrete
The EPS light aggregate concrete to the requirement of structure aspects is: lightweight, even, closely knit.Reach this requirement, must guarantee that proportioning and the technique of selected material are suitable in macroscopic view; On microcosmic, to avoid occurring harmful macropore and communicating aperture, and to guarantee EPS particle and cement mixing mortar the interface bonding firmly.The quality of EPS light aggregate concrete structure directly has influence on the properties of this material.Mechanical property is the important indicator of EPS light aggregate concrete.This index comprises cubic compressive strength, folding strength and the axial compressive strength of EPS light aggregate concrete.Wherein cubic compressive strength is of paramount importance index, improves cubical ultimate compression strength and is guaranteeing that EPS light aggregate concrete thermal property is restricted condition.The use of the composite gel materials such as cement, flyash and silicon ash is the basis that guarantees EPS light aggregate concrete mechanical property.Thermal property is take the mechanical property of this material as the basis.Here the consumption of EPS particle, size, the thermal property of EPS light aggregate concrete has been played conclusive effect.The diameter of EPS particle is larger, and this concrete aperture is also larger, has increased like this convection current of air, and the heat conductivility of this material is descended; In addition, because the EPS particle is fabulous light heat insulation material, the increase of its consumption can make material thermal conductivity descend the thermal property of strongthener; But make simultaneously the density of material descend strength decreased.Research to EPS light aggregate concrete endurance quality: mainly comprise two indexs of anti-permeability performance and anti-freezing property.The pore structure of these two indexs and EPS light aggregate concrete has important relation.The connection situation in the size in aperture and hole has played to the endurance quality of EPS light aggregate concrete that critical effect---the aperture is larger, and the endurance quality that more is communicated with this material between the Kong Yukong is poorer, and is opposite just better.Table 5 item has provided the physical-mechanical properties of EPS light aggregate concrete among the embodiment.In the EPS light aggregate concrete, EPS light aggregate concrete material is compared the ability of viscous deformation and is wanted large many with general concrete material because the soft and volume of EPS particle matter is large.In the cubes compression tests, test specimen will just destroy through very large distortion, can the crack occur at the middle part of test specimen when destroying, shown in line markings among Fig. 2, this explanation EPS light aggregate concrete material is a kind of " ductility " material, and it is favourable to the anti-seismic performance of structure to be used for body of wall.
The performance index of various embodiments of the present invention light aggregate concrete are as shown in table 5:
The performance index of table 5 EPS light aggregate concrete
Invention has been described according to specific exemplary embodiment herein.It will be apparent carrying out to one skilled in the art suitable replacement or revise under not departing from the scope of the present invention.Exemplary embodiment only is illustrative, rather than to the restriction of scope of the present invention, scope of the present invention is by appended claim definition.
Claims (10)
1. EPS light aggregate concrete is characterized in that described light aggregate concrete comprises following weight part raw material:
2. a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described light aggregate concrete comprises following weight part raw material:
3. a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described light aggregate concrete comprises following weight part raw material:
4. a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that described light aggregate concrete comprises following weight part raw material:
5. such as any described a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that described water reducer is the non-research work of air entrained type high efficiency water reducing agent of UNF-5.
6. such as any described a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that the granularity 0.1 μ m-0.2 μ m of described silicon ash, density 2.0-2.4g/cm
3, tap density 200-350kg/m
3, specific surface area 15000-25000m
2/ kg.
7. such as any described a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that described river sand selects medium sand, sand coarse aggregate ratio is 20-25% by volume, tap density is 1225-1325kg/m
3, water-intake rate is 0.95-1.05%.
8. such as any described a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete of claim 1-4, the bulk density that it is characterized in that described EPS particle is 10～20kg/m
3
9. such as any described a kind of EPS light aggregate concrete of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that described perlite is pearlstone.
10. one kind prepares any described light aggregate concrete method such as claim 1-4, it is characterized in that described method comprises the steps:
1) stirring technique
The water of cement, flyash, silicon ash, perlite, water reducer, river sand and 20-30% is stirred to get low water-cement ratio paste through stirrer;
Wherein: churning time is 5-15s;
Remaining water and EPS particle joined stir to get mixed material in the clean slurry;
Wherein: churning time is 5-15s;
2) moulding process
Mixed material is transferred in the mould that is positioned on the shaking table, exerted pressure with dull and stereotyped covering and to flat board at the mould upper surface, the control shaking table is 3-30s so that flat board and mould resonate, and after the vibration end, flat board is extracted out along the material planar horizontal;
Wherein: vibrational frequency is 2860 times/min, and amplitude is 0.3-0.6mm;
3) maintaining process
Curing in the mold 2-5 days;
Wherein: the curing in the mold temperature is 25-30 ℃, and maintain humidity is 60-100%;
The demoulding with the concrete rear pad pasting that waters, was carried out natural curing 14-30 days;
Wherein: the pad pasting curing temperature is 25-30 ℃, and maintain humidity is 60-100%.
After maintenance finished, the concrete unit weight of finished product was 650-750Kg/m
3, water content is 35-48kg/m
3
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| CN112209737A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2021-01-12 | 佛山市东鹏陶瓷有限公司 | Light aggregate concrete plate with smooth and flat surface and preparation method thereof |
| CN112805307A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2021-05-14 | 萨尔泰克设计实验室私人有限公司 | Novel composition for producing plastic composites and method thereof |
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Cited By (7)
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| CN104594136A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-05-06 | 东南大学 | Subway shock reduction vibration isolation elastic mixed light track bed control process |
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| CN107382218A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-24 | 常州富思通管道有限公司 | A kind of modified EPS concrete |
| CN108484056A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-09-04 | 诺弗斯绝热材料有限公司 | A kind of freeze proof thermal insulation concrete material |
| CN112805307A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2021-05-14 | 萨尔泰克设计实验室私人有限公司 | Novel composition for producing plastic composites and method thereof |
| CN112209737A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2021-01-12 | 佛山市东鹏陶瓷有限公司 | Light aggregate concrete plate with smooth and flat surface and preparation method thereof |
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