CN103755274B - A kind of air-entrained concrete building block and preparation method - Google Patents

A kind of air-entrained concrete building block and preparation method Download PDF

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CN103755274B
CN103755274B CN201310718311.7A CN201310718311A CN103755274B CN 103755274 B CN103755274 B CN 103755274B CN 201310718311 A CN201310718311 A CN 201310718311A CN 103755274 B CN103755274 B CN 103755274B
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building block
air
entrained concrete
concrete building
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CN103755274A (en
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刘福田
张波
张德成
赵德利
张宇
张明玖
盖祥云
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University of Jinan
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Abstract

The invention belongs to building material technical field, particularly relate to a kind of air-entrained concrete building block and preparation method.Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of air-entrained concrete building block, comprise following composition by weight: cement 20-50 part, shale ashes 20-55 part, breeze 10-40 part, suds-stabilizing agent 0.08-0.12 part, plaster of paris 0.5-3 part, hydrogen peroxide 3-7 part, ratio of water to material 0.58-0.65.The present invention prepares low unit weight between 200-500kg/m 3, thermal conductivity is between 0.06-0.1 2W/m.k, and ultimate compression strength is at 0.8-3 MPa, and each index such as resistivity against fire, frost resistance all can reach the self-conserving heat type air-entrained concrete building block of national existing steam-pressing aero-concrete standard.

Description

A kind of air-entrained concrete building block and preparation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to building material technical field, particularly relate to a kind of air-entrained concrete building block and preparation method.
Background technology
Lack of energy and Economic development be the world today common faced by important topic.Along with the anxiety of Energy situation and the growth at full speed of building energy consumption, building energy conservation becomes more and more important.In recent years, under national policy and related governmental departments are supported energetically, particularly 170 big and medium-sized cities, the whole nation in 2003 prohibit the use the appearance of solid clay common brick policy, novel wall material with energy-conservation, joint soil, profit are useless, environmental protection and functional for developing direction, obtain fast development.Along with the development of novel wall material, the power-saving technology in new variety walling production process improves greatly.But the heat transfer coefficient of many new variety wallings itself is comparatively large, and body of wall easily occurs the problems such as crack, makes architectural exterior-protecting construction heat insulating effect poor, the object that the raising that still can not realize building energy conservation produces a desired effect.
At present, common external wall energy-saving heat insulation system has three kinds, i.e. exterior wall internal insulation system, external wall heat insulation system and outer wall self heat-preserving system.Exterior wall internal insulation system and external wall heat insulation system are the building energy conservation modes that domestic contrast is popular, namely install organic insulation material additional in inner side of outer wall or outside, play the effect of heat-insulation and heat-preservation.These organic lagging materials are mainly derived from petroleum by-product, comprise expansion polyphenyl plate (EPS), extruded polystyrene board (XPS), polyurethane coating (SPU) and granular polystyrene etc.From the whole country, organic external thermal insulation system occupies the share in the current external wall outer insulation market more than 75% of China.The great advantage of organic insulation material is that light weight, insulation, thermal insulation are good, and cost is also low, but its poor stability, and easily aging, easy firing, fire resistance is low, and when burning, smog is large, toxicity is large.The generation of several the fire disaster accidents such as ring International Square, Harbin longitude and latitude 360 degree of Gemini mansions, Olympic Sports Center, Jinan in Nanjing, the Ministry of Public Security is impelled to issue " notice about further clear and definite covil construction heat insulating material for external fire supervision management relevant requirements " on March 14th, 2011, be called for short ' No. 65 ', the file such as public logical No. [2009] 46, word, require that covil construction heat insulating material for external must adopt incendivity to be the material of A level, thus new higher requirement is proposed to building material industry.
Outer wall self heat-preserving is built by laying bricks or stones with single materials for wall, and can not rely on other lagging materials and reach a kind of body of wall of the requirement of building energy conservation 65%, and this materials for wall itself has the performance of certain heat insulating.Self-conserving heat type air-entrained concrete building block, perforated brick, hollow brick and various concrete hollow block is mainly contained as the single-material from energy-saving wall.
Self-conserving heat type gas concrete is the New Building Materials of a kind of lightweight, porous, have that quality is light, good heat insulation, can to process and A level such as not to be burnt at the advantage, the building block of different size, sheet material and heat insulating products can be made, its weather resistance can the life-span same with buildings, and comprehensive cost is also lower than external wall heat insulation system.But, current comparatively ripe industrial Aerated concrete products, its over dry unit weight mostly is 500 ~ 600kg/m3, cannot meet the further energy conservation standard of single-material energy-conservation more than 65%; Adopt non-evaporating pressure foamed concrete, its intensity is very low, and has certain difficulty when construction and maintenance; Exterior wall internal insulation system, can reduce effective living space, and cost is higher when interior construction.External wall heat insulation system, outside working procedure is more complicated, and intensity is lower and will regularly replace; External wall heat insulation system and exterior wall internal insulation system, the lagging material selected is all organic materials, but larger defect is poor stability, easily aging, easy firing, and fire resistance is low, and when burning, smog is large, toxicity is large.For low unit weight, low heat conduction and B02, B03, B04 level self-conserving heat type air-entrained concrete building block of high strength research less.
The industrial solid castoff that China produces every year tens00000000 tons, reprocessing utilization ratio is low, and environmental pollution is serious.Develop various industrial solid castoff treatment technology, impel its recycling, become problem demanding prompt solution.Along with improving constantly and the tight demand of energy-saving and emission-reduction of domestic construction security requirement, utilize industrial solid castoff to prepare important directions that novel low unit weight outer wall self heat-preserving material has been energy-saving building materials development.
Low thermal-conductivity aerated concrete of CN102167619B and preparation method thereof, multiple silicate base material and compound component of getting angry is utilized to prepare goods, various and the blending process relative complex of its raw material type, and required cost is much higher relative to the present invention, more difficultly carries out quantification and produces.CN102701659A B02 level lightweight sand aerated concrete PLASTIC LAMINATED, it uses large dosage quartz sand and lime to make raw material in process of production, and cost value is higher relative to the present invention; It selects aluminium powder for material of getting angry, and for low unit weight gas concrete, goods pore structure is poor and produce more difficult control.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of air-entrained concrete building block and preparation method.The present invention fully utilizes solid waste (useless aerated bricks building block, high calcium shale ashes, slag powders, flyash etc.), be equipped with a certain proportion of calcareous material (cement, lime etc.) again, through stirring, getting angry, build, quietly to stop, steam press maintenance prepares low unit weight between 200-500kg/m 3, thermal conductivity is between 0.06-0.1 2W/m.k, and ultimate compression strength is at 0.8-3 MPa, and each index such as resistivity against fire, frost resistance all can reach the self-conserving heat type air-entrained concrete building block of national existing steam-pressing aero-concrete standard.Foam when shaping, pore is than being easier to the warming plate controlling and can prepare any size.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of air-entrained concrete building block, comprise following composition by weight: cement 20-50 part, shale ashes 20-55 part, breeze 10-40 part, suds-stabilizing agent 0.08-0.12 part, plaster of paris 0.5-3 part, hydrogen peroxide 3-7 part, ratio of water to material 0.58-0.65.
Hydrogen peroxide to be mass percentage concentration be 30% analytical pure.
Described cement is composite Portland cement.
The preparation method of suds-stabilizing agent of the present invention is: get 1 weight part oleic acid and mix with 2-4 weight part trolamine, be diluted with water to the solution that mass concentration is 30-50% again, in the solution of dilution, mix the solution quality per-cent accounting for dilution be 3-5% ether of cellulose and mix.
Suds-stabilizing agent has the effect of steady bubble and thickening, can ensure the stability of bubble and the homogeneity of dispersion, extends the time that bubble stabilizes exists, and also contributes to the thin degree of densification improving bubble simultaneously.
The present invention also comprises regulating the qi flowing in the channels agent 0-0.5 weight part, and described regulating the qi flowing in the channels agent is: Na 2siO 39H 2o.Regulating the qi flowing in the channels agent is hydrogen peroxide stabilizer, is used for the chemical reaction of modification stability hydrogen peroxide, effectively reduces its raising rate in slip whipping process, ensures the stability stirring and build.
The present invention also comprises useless building block 0-20 weight part.Useless building block is the waste aerocrete building block produced in process of factory production, in actual production many as waste stack need not, greatly waste resource.In experiment, it is levigately incorporated into the effect can playing " crystal seed " in batching, improving hydrated product in test article especially has the crystallization degree of the tobermorite of significant contribution to intensity.
The present invention also comprises flyash 0-15 weight part.Flyash is high-quality II grade of flyash, and being post combustion emission flying dust out under the super sea coal condition of high temperature of fuel-burning power plant, is the mixing material with volcano grey matter activity.The temperature of combustion of flyash is higher than the temperature of combustion of shale ashes a lot, and shape is more regular, interior containing a large amount of globular glass bodies, has " micro aggregate effect " and " filling effect "; Its fineness ratio cement is little, replaces part of cement with it, can effective filler particles gap, can improve the mobility of slurry, increase degree of compactness.
The preparation method of air-entrained concrete building block, comprises the following steps:
1) pre-treatment of raw material: above-mentioned starting material are mixed in proportion and stir, shale ashes fineness is that 6-30%, 45um tail over, and useless building block fineness is that 5-20%, 45um tail over, and flyash and breeze carry out drying and processing, cement selection 45.2R composite Portland cement;
Shale ashes are also kerosene shale ash, it is the flying dust emitted after adopting oil shale combustion by fuel-burning power plant, but temperature of combustion is lower, original state kerosene shale ash particle is the non-crystalline of irregular, loosely organized porous, aggregation force is comparatively large, and water requirement is also comparatively large, is unfavorable for the raising of goods degree of compactness and intensity; Through levigate process, specific surface area when having the fineness and homogeneity, increase chemical reaction that improve kerosene shale ash particle and strengthen the effect of its pozzolanic activity, is conducive to the raising of goods pore hole wall compactness extent and intensity.
2) get compound to add water and obtain slurry, and stirred by slip, controlling slip diffusibleness is 20-26cm, slurry temperature 20-55 DEG C;
3) foaming: add suds-stabilizing agent and hydrogen peroxide in slip, pours die for molding into after stirring 5-30s immediately;
4) quietly maintenance is stopped: shaping goods are put into quiet room of stopping and carried out vapor cure 6-12 hour, temperature 40-60 DEG C, humidity 80-95%;
5) steam press maintenance: after goods cutting, 0.8-1.2MPa carries out steam press maintenance 5-9 hour, boosting 2-3h, constant voltage 4-6h, step-down 2-3h.
Step 2 described in the inventive method) get compound and add water and obtain slurry, add regulating the qi flowing in the channels agent simultaneously, and stirred by slip, controlling slip diffusibleness is 20-26cm, slurry temperature 20-55 DEG C.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: in the present invention, the waste of industry can account for and make use of solid waste in a large number between 65-75%, can realize the abundant recycling of waste resource as much as possible, can reach the relevant criterion of the gas concrete of country.
The present invention effectively can utilize the kerosene shale ash of high calcium, and utilization ratio can account for the 20-55% of total amount, effectively can process the oil shale waste slag problem produced in industrial production; Meanwhile, the air-entrained concrete building block that during the present invention produces, admixture 0-20% is discarded does crystal seed, also substantially increases the performance of goods while making full use of waste resource.
The present invention adopts hydrogen peroxide to prepare air-entrained concrete building block, and pore is evenly closely knit, effectively can improve pressure distribution when preparing pressurized, improves ultimate compression strength and the heat-insulating property of goods
The industrial technics comparing realized is simple and convenient, convenient operation and yield rate is high.Because prepared by raw material multiselect waste, thus arrange with low cost, can under the prerequisite ensureing ultralow unit weight, high strength and low thermal conductivity, the self-conserving heat type air-entrained concrete building block of B02, B03, B04 different grades can be prepared as required, and construction is simple, do not need to add organic insulation material again and just can play good heat insulation effect, effectively can reduce the holistic cost of building construction; And due to itself unit weight just little, house deadweight can be reduced.
Goods as required, can cut into the product of different size shape.
The present invention make use of the preparation of inorganic solid waste material, flame-resistant high-temperature-resistant, and resistance to compression and folding strength are all obvious higher than traditional inorganic heat insulation material; The present invention can meet the manufacture of B02, B03, B04 level self-conserving heat type air-entrained concrete building block meeting national standard, unit weight is low, intensity is high and heat-insulating property higher than traditional B05, B06 level gas concrete; These goods can not rely on other lagging materials and reach the requirement of building energy conservation 65%, do not need to glue to add lagging material again.Simultaneously because itself unit weight is low, the load-bearing of the buildings also reduced while reducing operational procedure; These goods are the pressure utilizing industrial residue to decrease waste to cause environment, belong to the environmentfriendly products of green non-pollution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is preparation method's schema of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of air-entrained concrete building block, comprises following composition: shale ashes 24.7, breeze 29.7, cement 44.6, gypsum 0.99, suds-stabilizing agent 0.11, regulating the qi flowing in the channels agent 0.3, hydrogen peroxide 5.0, ratio of water to material 0.62 by weight;
1. the preparation method of suds-stabilizing agent, comprises the following steps:
Get 1 weight part oleic acid to mix with 2-4 weight part trolamine, then be diluted with water to the solution that mass concentration is 30-50%, in the solution of dilution, mix the solution quality per-cent accounting for dilution be 3-5% ether of cellulose and mix.
2. the preparation method of air-entrained concrete building block, comprises the following steps:
1) pre-treatment of raw material: above-mentioned starting material are mixed in proportion and stir, shale ashes fineness is that 6-30%, 45um tail over, and breeze carries out drying and processing, cement selection 45.2R composite Portland cement;
2) get compound to add water and obtain slurry, add regulating the qi flowing in the channels agent simultaneously, and stirred by slip, controlling slip diffusibleness is 20-26cm, slurry temperature 20-55 DEG C;
3) foaming: add suds-stabilizing agent and hydrogen peroxide in slip, pours die for molding into after stirring 5-30s immediately;
4) quietly maintenance is stopped: shaping goods are put into quiet room of stopping and carried out vapor cure 6-12 hour, temperature 40-60 DEG C, humidity 80-95%;
5) steam press maintenance: after goods cutting, 0.8-1.2MPa carries out steam press maintenance 5-9 hour, boosting 2-3h, constant voltage 4-6h, step-down 2-3h.As shown in Figure 1.
Product properties: over dry unit weight 255/kg/m 3, ultimate compression strength 1.16/MPa, specific tenacity 4.55 × 10 -3nM/Kg, thermal conductivity 0.0794/W/ (mk).
Embodiment 2
A kind of air-entrained concrete building block, comprises following composition: shale ashes 49.5, breeze 14.9, cement 34.7, gypsum 0.99, suds-stabilizing agent 0.11, regulating the qi flowing in the channels agent 0.3, hydrogen peroxide 4.0, ratio of water to material 0.60 by weight; Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Product properties: over dry unit weight 286/kg/m 3, ultimate compression strength 1.01/MPa, specific tenacity 3.46 × 10 -3nM/Kg, thermal conductivity 0.0853/W/ (mk).
Embodiment 3
A kind of air-entrained concrete building block, comprises following composition by weight: shale ashes 39.5, breeze 26.3, cement 21.9, useless building block 10.5, gypsum 1.8, suds-stabilizing agent 0.11, regulating the qi flowing in the channels agent 0.3, hydrogen peroxide 3.5, ratio of water to material 0.61; Preparation method is with embodiment 1, and wherein useless building block fineness is that 5-20%, 45um tail over.
Product properties: over dry unit weight 329kg/m 3, ultimate compression strength 1.33/MPa, specific tenacity 4.04 × 10 -3nM/Kg, thermal conductivity 0.1013/W/ (mk).
Embodiment 4
A kind of air-entrained concrete building block, comprises following composition: shale ashes 26.3, breeze 24.8, cement 34.7, flyash 13.3, gypsum 0.99, suds-stabilizing agent 0.11, regulating the qi flowing in the channels agent 0.3, hydrogen peroxide 4.0, ratio of water to material 0.58 by weight; Preparation method is with embodiment 1, and wherein flyash carries out drying and processing.
Product properties: over dry unit weight 294/kg/m 3, ultimate compression strength 1.41/MPa, specific tenacity 4.80 × 10 -3nM/Kg, thermal conductivity 0.0937/W/ (mk).
Embodiment 5
A kind of air-entrained concrete building block, comprises following composition by weight: shale ashes 37.4, breeze 23.4, cement 28, flyash 4.7, useless building block 6, gypsum 1.0, suds-stabilizing agent 0.11, regulating the qi flowing in the channels agent 0.3, hydrogen peroxide 4.0, ratio of water to material 0.60; Preparation method is with implementing 1, and wherein useless building block fineness is that 5-20%, 45um tail over, and flyash carries out drying and processing.
Product properties: over dry unit weight 283/kg/m 3, ultimate compression strength 1.37/MPa, specific tenacity 4.84 × 10 -3nM/Kg, thermal conductivity 0.0895/W/ (mk).
The every finger ticket of air-entrained concrete building block that each embodiment is obtained is above equal to or higher than national standard,
The concerned countries standard (GB 11968-2006) of autoclave aerated concrete building block performance:
The dry density (kg/m3) of table 1 building block
The intensity rank of table 2 building block
The cubic compressive strength (MPa) of table 3 building block
The thermal conductivity (W/ (mk)) of table 4 building block

Claims (8)

1. the preparation method of air-entrained concrete building block, it is characterized in that: a kind of air-entrained concrete building block, comprise following composition by weight: cement 20-50 part, shale ashes 20-55 part, breeze 10-40 part, suds-stabilizing agent 0.08-0.12 part, plaster of paris 0.5-3 part, hydrogen peroxide 3-7 part, ratio of water to material 0.58-0.65;
Preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) pre-treatment of raw material: above-mentioned starting material are mixed in proportion and stir, shale ashes fineness is that 6-30%, 45um tail over, and useless building block fineness is that 5-20%, 45um tail over, and flyash and breeze carry out drying and processing, cement selection 45.2R composite Portland cement;
2) get compound to add water and obtain slurry, and stirred by slip, controlling slip diffusibleness is 20-26cm, slurry temperature 20-55 DEG C;
3) foaming: add suds-stabilizing agent and hydrogen peroxide in slip, pours die for molding into after stirring 5-30s immediately;
4) quietly maintenance is stopped: shaping goods are put into quiet room of stopping and carried out vapor cure 6-12 hour, temperature 40-60 DEG C, humidity 80-95%;
5) steam press maintenance: after goods cutting, 0.8-1.2MPa carries out steam press maintenance 5-9 hour, boosting 2-3h, constant voltage 4-6h, step-down 2-3h.
2. the preparation method of the air-entrained concrete building block piece described in Ju claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 2) get compound and add water and obtain slurry, add regulating the qi flowing in the channels agent simultaneously, and slip is stirred, controlling slip diffusibleness is 20-26cm, slurry temperature 20-55 DEG C.
3. the preparation method of the air-entrained concrete building block piece described in Ju claim 1, is characterized in that: described cement is composite Portland cement.
4. the preparation method of the air-entrained concrete building block piece described in Ju claim 1, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of described suds-stabilizing agent is: the preparation method of suds-stabilizing agent is: get 1 weight part oleic acid and mix with 2-4 weight part trolamine, be diluted with water to the solution that mass concentration is 30-50% again, in the solution of dilution, mix the solution quality per-cent accounting for dilution be 3-5% ether of cellulose and mix.
5. the preparation method of the air-entrained concrete building block piece described in Ju claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise regulating the qi flowing in the channels agent 0-0.5 weight part.
6. the preparation method of Ju air-entrained concrete building block according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described regulating the qi flowing in the channels agent is: Na 2siO 39H 2o.
7. the preparation method of the air-entrained concrete building block piece described in Ju claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise useless building block 0-20 weight part.
8. the preparation method of the air-entrained concrete building block piece described in Ju claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise flyash 0-15 weight part.
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