CN115836677A - Seed stem water-retaining agent for cassava and use method - Google Patents

Abstract

A seed stem water-retaining agent for cassava belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 to 10.0 parts of polyglutamic acid, 0.1 to 10.0 parts of chitosan, 1.0 to 10.0 parts of seaweed extract, 5.0 to 20.0 parts of insect repellent substance, 0.1 to 10.0 parts of amino acid aqueous solution and 30.0 to 60.0 parts of film-forming agent aqueous solution. The water-retaining functional substance, the insect repellent substance and the film-forming agent in the cassava seed stem water-retaining agent have the combined action of reducing the water loss of cassava seed stems in the storage process, reducing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and enhancing the activity of the seed stems, so that the survival rate of the planted seedlings of cassava is improved.

Description

Water-retaining agent for cassava seed stems and its application method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular, it provides a water-retaining agent for cassava seed stems and an application method thereof.

Background technique

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the second largest potato crop in the world. Its root tubers are rich in starch, known as the "king of starch", and are one of the raw materials for industrial starch. As a drought-tolerant crop, cassava can be planted in hilly dry land with relatively poor soil, but drought still becomes a factor restricting its yield. Therefore, enhancing the drought resistance of cassava is an effective way to increase cassava yield in dry land. The current drought-resistant cultivation measures mainly include mulching and using soil water-retaining agents. Although these measures can solve the growth and development of cassava seedlings in dry land, they rarely involve how to maintain the stem moisture and vitality of cassava species before planting. content.

Cassava is propagated by planting seed stems. After harvesting, cassava seed stems usually need to be stored for 2-3 months, or even planted in 4-5 months. The lack of seed stems such as being eaten by pests seriously affects the quality of seed potatoes. Therefore, reducing water loss during cassava storage and improving the quality of seed stem storage are important factors to improve the survival rate of cassava seedlings facing drought.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a water-retaining agent for cassava seed stems. Water loss during storage reduces the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and enhances the activity of seed stems, thereby improving the survival rate of cassava seedlings.

Technical problem described in the present invention is realized with following technical scheme:

A water-retaining agent for cassava seed stems, the water-retaining agent for seed stems includes the following components in parts by mass: 0.1-10.0 parts of polyglutamic acid, 0.1-10.0 parts of chitosan, and 1.0-10.0 parts of seaweed extract , 5.0-20.0 parts of insect repellent substance, 0.1-10.0 parts of amino acid aqueous solution, and 30.0-60.0 parts of film-forming agent aqueous solution.

In the above water-retaining agent for seed stems, the insect repellent substance is the water extract of cassava plants, and the cassava plants include leaves, stems or root bark.

For the water-retaining agent for seed stems, the film-forming agent is acrylic acid or 108 glue, and the film-forming agent is diluted with water to obtain an aqueous solution of the film-forming agent.

The above-mentioned water-retaining agent for seed stems, the insect-repelling substance is crushed fresh cassava leaves, stems, and root bark, and the crushed plant fragments are quickly put into warm water and fully stirred; the cassava extract after suction filtration is the insect-repellent substance.

For the above-mentioned stem water-retaining agent, the film-forming agent aqueous solution is an acrylic acid aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 0.5% or a 108 glue aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 50%, and the mass percent concentration of the amino acid aqueous solution is 10%.

A method for using the above-mentioned water-retaining agent for seed stems, the water-retaining agent for seed stems is used for the treatment of cassava seed stems before storage or/and the treatment of seed stem segments before planting.

The method of using the above water-retaining agent for seed stems is to dilute the water-retaining agent for seed stems with water into a low-concentration water-retaining agent solution with a concentration of 1%-2%, soak the cassava seed stems in the low-concentration water-retaining agent solution for 5-30min, take it out and dry it in the air .

The method of using the above seed stem water retaining agent is to dilute the seed stem water retaining agent with water into a high-concentration water retaining agent solution with a concentration of 10%-50%, cover the two ports of the seed stem with the high concentration water retaining agent solution, and dry it.

The method of using the above-mentioned water-retaining agent for seed stems is to arrange several cassava seed stems into bundles and place them upright, so that the ends of the stems are soaked in the high-concentration water-retaining agent solution, and the immersion depth is greater than or equal to 1cm. Do the same with the other end of the stem and remove to dry.

The water-retaining agent for seed stems of the present invention can reduce the water dispersion stall of cassava seed stems during storage, enhance the nutrients of the seed stems, and keep the seed stems with good activity during planting, thereby effectively improving the survival rate of seedlings, especially in the face of seasons. The survival rate during severe drought; avoiding the reduction of cassava production due to water shortage during planting, especially suitable for popularization and application in arid areas.

The seed stem water-retaining agent is composed of water-retaining functional substances, insect repellent substances, amino acid aqueous solution and film-forming agent. Touches and works while preventing loss of moisture and active ingredients. The polyglutamic acid, chitosan and seaweed extract in the water-retaining functional substances have strong water-retaining capacity, and the combined effect of the three can effectively reduce the water loss rate during storage. The polyglutamic acid is an easily degradable biological material, and the degraded glutamic acid is easy to be absorbed and utilized during the growth of the rhizome, which is conducive to maintaining the activity of the seed stem. Chitosan and seaweed extract are both biocompatible macromolecular compounds, which can produce molecular chains intertwined and form a network structure to lock column moisture. At the same time, seaweed extract contains physiologically active plant hormones, such as alginic acid, crude protein, various minerals and trace elements, which can increase water retention.

The film-forming agent forms a film on the surface of the stem to reduce water loss without affecting the respiration of cassava; and forms a barrier on the surface of cassava with insect repellent substances to reduce the occurrence of mildew and pests. During the storage and planting of cassava seed stems, if the cassava seed stem skin is damaged, the damaged part will have the risk of insect damage and mildew. The effect of repelling insects and preventing mildew can improve the quality of seed stems, thereby promoting the germination of potato seeds and increasing the emergence of cassava seedlings.

Most of the raw materials in the seed stem water-retaining agent are non-toxic and harmless biological agents, and only contain a small amount of low-toxic chemical products, so the production is not restricted by toxic chemical products; and the preparation process of the seed stem water-retaining agent is simple and easy to operate. Easy to scale production. The medicine is safe during transportation and use, and has little harm to the human body, so it is suitable for growers to use.

Detailed ways

The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment.

The stem water-retaining agent of the present invention comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.1-10.0 parts of polyglutamic acid, 0.1-10.0 parts of chitosan, 1.0-10.0 parts of seaweed extract, and 5.0-20.0 parts of insect repellent , 0.1-10.0 parts of amino acid aqueous solution, and 30.0-60.0 parts of film-forming agent aqueous solution.

The polyglutamic acid is prepared by liquid fermentation, and the fermentation medium is: glucose 38-42 g/L, ammonium chloride 1.1-1.3 g/L, yeast powder 2.8-3.2 g/L, L-glutamic acid Sodium 65-70 g/L, calcium chloride 0.3-0.5 g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.2-0.4 g/L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2.1-2.3 g/L, initial pH 7-7.4, in the prepared medium Bacillus was inserted into the medium, the culture temperature was 36-38°C, and the fermentation was carried out for 72 hours. The content of polyglutamic acid in the fermentation liquid could reach 30 g/L. Chitosan is a commercially available product; seaweed extract is a commercially available product extracted by enzymatic hydrolysis, and the content of alginic acid in it is greater than or equal to 20 g/L.

The mass percent concentration of the amino acid aqueous solution is 10%, the amino acid powder and pure water are mixed in proportion, and the amino acid aqueous solution is obtained after stirring and dissolving.

The insect repellent substance is cassava extract, and at least one of cassava leaves, stems, and root bark is extracted with water to prepare the cassava extract. Insect repellents are substances produced by cassava plants. Their use has no impact on cassava itself and the environment. It is a green and natural insect repellent product while using waste plants while avoiding the use of chemical insect repellents to pollute the environment.

The water extract of cassava contains a large amount of soluble substances, among which the main insect-repelling component is cyanogenic glucoside, which has a high content in the leaves and root bark of cassava. When the leaves or stems of the cassava plant are damaged, the cyanogenic glucoside contained will be converted into alcohol eye, which will then be cracked to produce hydrocyanic acid. The plant itself contains substances that kill pests and inhibit microorganisms.

The film-forming agent is acrylic acid or 108 glue, and the film-forming agent aqueous solution is obtained after the film-forming agent is diluted with water, and the film-forming agent aqueous solution can be an acrylic acid aqueous solution with a mass percentage concentration of 0.5% or a 108 glue aqueous solution with a concentration of 50%, preferably a film-forming agent The aqueous solution of the agent is an aqueous solution of acrylic acid with a concentration of 0.5%.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned seed stem water-retaining agent is carried out according to the following steps:

a. Prepare amino acid aqueous solution and film-forming agent aqueous solution with specified concentration in advance, and set them aside;

b. Take the amino acid aqueous solution of formula quantity, add seaweed extract under the situation of stirring, mix evenly, then add polyglutamic acid, chitosan, stir to dissolve;

c. Pick fresh cassava leaves, stalks, and root bark, and grind at least one of the leaves, stalks, or root bark with a low-temperature or ultra-low temperature pulverizer until the particle diameter is less than 0.5-1 cm. The crushed plant fragments are quickly put into water at 40°C-50°C, fully stirred for 15-20min, and the mixture is suction-filtered to obtain cassava extract, which is an insect repellent substance;

During preparation, the stirring rate is 150 r/min, and the mass ratio of cassava plant to water is 1:2-1:3.

d. Add the formulated amount of film-forming agent aqueous solution into the mixed solution obtained in step b, stir evenly, then add the formulated amount of insect repellent substance, and stir evenly to obtain the water-retaining agent for cassava seed stems.

There are three ways to preserve cassava seed stems using the above-mentioned seed stem water-retaining agent, namely soaking method, dipping method and coating method. Cassava is used as a seed potato, and the seed stem water-retaining agent is diluted with water into a low-concentration water-retaining agent solution with a concentration of 1%-2% by mass percentage, and the seed stem of the seed potato is soaked in the low-concentration water-retaining agent solution for 5-30min. Dry. 2. The coating method is to directly apply a high-concentration water-retaining agent solution on the incisions at both ends of the seed potato stem, and dry it. The high-concentration water-retaining agent solution is an aqueous solution with a concentration of 10%-50% seed-stem water-retaining agent. 3. The dipping method is to prepare a container suitable for holding cassava seed stems, pour a high-concentration water-retaining agent solution into the container, place the bundled cassava seed stems upright in the container, and soak the end of the seed stems in the solution. The depth of immersion is greater than or equal to 1cm, take it out after 15-60 s, and then do the same treatment on the other end and let it dry. The preferred treatment method is dipping. The cassava seed stems treated with the water-retaining agent can be preserved for a long time, and maintain moisture and activity, are not easy to mildew and prevent the occurrence of pests.

When planting cassava, cut the preserved cassava seed stem into 10-15cm seed stem segments with a knife, and ensure that each seed stem segment has at least one bud eye. The stem sections can be treated by soaking, dipping and coating respectively. The three treatment methods are the same as the water-retaining agent used when the stems are stored, and the treated stem sections are directly planted in the field. The preferred treatment method is dipping. The seedling rate of cassava seedlings treated with water-retaining agent has been significantly improved after planting.

Example 1

The amount of raw materials added to configure 100 kg of seed stem water-retaining agent is: 0.5 kg of polyglutamic acid, 0.5 kg of chitosan, 10 kg of seaweed extract, 20 kg of insect repellent, 10 kg of amino acid aqueous solution, and 59 kg of film-forming agent aqueous solution .

a. Prepare 10% amino acid aqueous solution and 0.5% acrylic acid aqueous solution for later use;

b. Add 10 kg of seaweed extract to 10 kg of amino acid aqueous solution, stir evenly, continue to add 0.5 kg of polyglutamic acid and 0.5 kg of chitosan and further stir to dissolve;

c. Take fresh cassava leaves and root bark and crush them with a low-temperature pulverizer. Put the crushed plant fragments into warm water at 50°C and stir for 15 minutes. The mass ratio of plant fragments to water is 1:2. The cassava extract solution is an insect repellent substance;

d. Add 59 kg of the film-forming agent aqueous solution to the mixed solution obtained in step b, stir evenly, then add 20kg of the insect repellent substance obtained in step c, stir evenly to obtain cassava seed stem water-retaining agent A.

Dilute the prepared seed stem water-retaining agent A with water into a low-concentration water-retaining agent solution with a concentration of 2%, select the cassava seed stems for storage, and process the cassava seed stems by soaking: put the seed stems in low-concentration seed stems to retain water Soak the solution for 15 minutes, take it out and dry it, and store it in a cool and dry place. After 1 month, the pretreated stems are divided into several sections according to each section of 15cm, and treated by dipping method; the stems are sorted and bundled, and the ends of the stems are immersed in a high-concentration water-retaining solution with a concentration of 20%. solution, take it out after 30 seconds, and treat the other end in the same way. The method of flat planting is adopted, and the segmented cassava rhizomes are placed in shallow pits. In the control group, cassava seed stems of the same quality were not treated with seed stem water-retaining agents, and were stored and planted under the same conditions as the treated seed stems. Cultivate in the soil for one week to observe the germination situation, and the results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 uses the cassava seed stem germination situation of water-retaining agent A

Germination rate at both ends of the stem Germination rate of other parts of the stem Use a seed water retainer 65% 87% control group 62% 73 %

It can be seen from the above experiments that the germination rate of cassava seed stems treated with seed stem water-retaining agents before storage and planting has a certain increase compared with untreated cassava seed stems.

Example 2

The amount of raw materials added to configure 100 kg of seed stem water-retaining agent is: polyglutamic acid 5 kg, chitosan 5 kg, seaweed extract 10 kg, insect repellent substance 20 kg, amino acid aqueous solution 10 kg, 108 glue aqueous solution 50 kg.

The above-mentioned raw materials were mixed according to the configuration method of Example 1 to prepare seed stem water-retaining agent B.

The prepared seed stem water-retaining agent B is diluted with water into two concentrations of 1% and 50% seed stem water-retaining agent solutions, and the cassava seed stems selected for storage are divided into four groups, and one group soaks the cassava seed stems in In the low-concentration water-retaining agent solution for 20 minutes, take it out and dry it; the second group applies the high-concentration water-retaining agent solution to both ends of the whole cassava seed stem with a brush; the third group soaks both ends of the cassava seed stem in high-concentration water-retaining agent respectively For 20 seconds, the other end was treated in the same way, and then dried after being taken out; the fourth group was not treated as the control group. Store four groups of cassava seed stems in a cool and dry place. After 1 month, the pretreated seed stems were divided into several sections according to each section 15cm. The treated stem sections and the control group were cultivated in the soil, and the budding situation was observed after one week. The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 uses the cassava seed stem germination situation of water-retaining agent B

Germination rate at both ends of the stem Germination rate of other parts of the stem Seed stem water retaining agent coating port 67 % 90% Seed stem water retaining agent dipped port 70% 91% Seed stem water retaining agent soaking 66% 85% control group 60% 69 %

From the above experiments, it can be seen that the germination rate of cassava planted after the treatment is higher than that of the control group after the pretreatment of cassava with water-retaining agent for seed stems, and the cassava germination rate of dipping method is the highest among the three treatment methods.

Example 3

The seed stem water-retaining agent B obtained in Example 2 was diluted with water into two concentrations of 1% and 10% seed stem water-retaining agent solutions respectively, and the cassava seed stems for storage were selected, and the stored cassava seed stems were divided into 15 cm per section. Divide into several segments. The cassava seed stems were divided into four groups, two groups of seed stems were soaked in two concentrations of water-retaining agent solutions for 30 minutes, and the other group was coated with both ends of the seed stems with seed water-retaining agent B stock solution, and the treated seed The stem segments and the control group were cultured in the soil, and the budding was observed after one week. The results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Germination of cassava seed stems with two concentrations of water-retaining agents

germination rate Dope coating 35% 10% concentration soaking 66% 1% concentration soaking 79 % control group 69%

It can be seen from the experiment that when using the coating method, soaking method and dipping method to treat the stems, it is necessary to select the appropriate concentration of the stem water-retaining agent. As shown in the experiment, it is appropriate to use a low-concentration water-retaining agent for the stems .

Claims (9)

1. A water-retaining agent for seed stems of cassava, characterized in that, the water-retaining agent for seed stems comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.1-10.0 parts of polyglutamic acid, 0.1-10.0 parts of chitosan, seaweed 1.0-10.0 parts of extract, 5.0-20.0 parts of insect repellent substance, 0.1-10.0 parts of amino acid aqueous solution, and 30.0-60.0 parts of film-forming agent aqueous solution. 2 . The water-retaining agent for seed stems according to claim 1 , wherein the deworming substance is the water extract of cassava plants, and the cassava plants include leaves, stems or root bark. 3 . 3. The seed stem water-retaining agent according to claim 2, wherein the film-forming agent is acrylic acid or 108 glue, and the film-forming agent aqueous solution is obtained after the film-forming agent is diluted with water. 4. The water-retaining agent for seed stems according to claim 3, wherein the deworming substance is crushed fresh cassava leaves, stalks, and root bark, and the crushed plant fragments are quickly put into warm water and fully stirred; The cassava extract after suction filtration is the insect repellent substance. 5. seed stem water-retaining agent according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described film-forming agent aqueous solution is the acrylic acid aqueous solution of mass concentration 0.5% or the 108 glue aqueous solution that mass concentration is 50%, and the mass percentage concentration of amino acid aqueous solution is 10%. 6. A method for using the seed stem water-retaining agent according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the seed stem water-retaining agent is used for the seed stem treatment before cassava preservation or/and the treatment of the seed stem segment before planting . 7. The method for using the water-retaining agent for seed stems according to claim 6, wherein the water-retaining agent for seed stems is diluted with water into a low-concentration water-retaining agent solution with a concentration of 1%-2%, and the cassava seed stems are soaked in a low-concentration water-retaining agent solution. In the water retaining agent solution for 5-30min, take it out and dry it. 8. The method of using the seed stem water-retaining agent according to claim 6, wherein the seed stem water-retaining agent is diluted with water into a high-concentration water-retaining agent solution with a concentration of 10%-50%, and the two ports of the seed stem are covered High-concentration water-retaining agent solution, let dry. 9. The method of using the water-retaining agent for seed stems according to claim 8, characterized in that, arranging several cassava seed stems into bundles and placing them upright, so that the ends of the stems are soaked in the high-concentration water-retaining agent solution, and the immersion depth is greater than or equal to 1cm, dipped for 15-60 s and taken out, the other end of the stem was treated in the same way, taken out and dried.