CN115832361A - Performance recovery method based on output power attenuation proportion of fuel cell - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a performance recovery method based on the output power attenuation proportion of a fuel cell, belonging to the technical field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells and comprising the following steps: step 1: measuring and calculating the output power attenuation proportion of the fuel cell, and dividing the output power attenuation proportion into a first gear, a second gear, a third gear and a fourth gear from low to high; step 2: the first grade adopts a clean air purging and battery open-circuit method, the second grade adopts a cyclic voltammetry CV scanning method, the third grade adopts a voltage pulse method, and the fourth grade adopts a platinum-carbon catalyst recycling method. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is to provide a performance recovery method based on the output power attenuation proportion of the fuel cell, systematically provide a selection strategy of the performance recovery method of the fuel cell, and can pointedly select the optimal performance recovery technical scheme aiming at the fuel cells with different attenuation degrees, thereby improving the effectiveness, timeliness and economy of the performance recovery of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, in particular to a performance recovery method based on the output power attenuation proportion of a fuel cell.
Background
A proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a device for converting chemical energy of fuel into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, has the advantages of high conversion efficiency, low noise, zero pollution, high starting speed and the like, and is widely applied to the field of transportation.
However, under actual vehicle operating conditions, the fuel cell will continuously experience the conditions of start-stop, idle speed, rated power, fast loading, etc., and high and low potential cycles are continuously performed, especially the high potential (1.3-1.5V) generated under the conditions of start-stop and fast loading, and the performance of key materials inside the fuel cell, such as a proton membrane, a catalyst, a gas diffusion layer, a bipolar plate, a sealing member, etc., especially the catalyst, is greatly attenuated, thereby affecting the overall output power and the service life of the fuel cell. Causes of fuel cell performance degradation include, but are not limited to: (1) dissolution, migration and agglomeration of platinum nanoparticles; (2) oxidative attack of the carrier carbon material; (3) The inactivation caused by covering impurity components such as H2S, CO, NH3 and the like accumulated in the cathode air on the active site of the catalyst; the method comprises the following steps of (4) degradation of a proton exchange membrane, (5) corrosion and dissociation of a gas diffusion layer, and (6) contact resistance increase caused by corrosion of the surface of a bipolar plate.
In order to meet the vehicle application scenario, the development of long-life fuel cells is the focus of current research. Most of the current general methods delay the performance attenuation of the fuel cell by improving the structural design of the fuel cell, optimizing a control strategy, preferably selecting key materials and the like. In order to avoid fuel cell stack disassembly and reassembly or replacement of critical components to extend service life during use, it is becoming increasingly a trend to achieve performance recovery by relatively simple physical or electrochemical means. (1) In patent CN102005592B, a method for recovering a fuel cell in a centralized time is proposed, which first outputs a micro-current, then enters a large current working condition or a low voltage working condition, and recovers the output performance of the fuel cell by circulating the micro-current and the large current or the low voltage working condition. (2) CN112018412a proposes a fuel cell recovery control system and method, which uses hydrogen to remove the oxide film formed on the surface of the cathode platinum to recover the performance of the fuel cell stack. (3) Patent CN209896184U proposes a fuel cell life prolonging system, which consumes the residual oxygen in the anode before the fuel cell is started by adopting a catalytic combustion mode, and avoids the attenuation of the performance of the fuel cell caused by the hydrogen-oxygen interface possibly formed in the anode. (4) The patent CN 113097539A provides a method which can complete the activation and recovery process of a fuel cell on the whole vehicle, and the performance recovery of a fuel cell system is completed by circularly reducing and increasing the pressure of a reaction gas inlet and circulating the average single-chip voltage of a galvanic pile for a plurality of times between 0.7 and 0.3V.
However, the above recovery methods have the following disadvantages:
(1) For the method for recovering the output performance of the fuel cell by circulating micro-current and large current or low voltage working condition, the method is suitable for the initial stage of the performance attenuation of the fuel cell, and for the condition of larger attenuation amplitude, the recovery performance is limited by adopting the method;
(2) For the method of recovering the performance of the fuel cell stack by removing the oxide film formed on the platinum surface of the cathode by using hydrogen, because the cathode needs to be introduced with hydrogen first, if air is introduced at the later stage, the hydrogen of the cathode needs to be completely removed under the condition, otherwise, the hydrogen-oxygen reaction can occur to generate local hot spots to damage the membrane electrode, and in order to completely remove the residual hydrogen, the cathode needs to be cleaned by using inert gases such as nitrogen, and an additional nitrogen supply device also needs to be configured.
(3) The method for preventing the performance of the fuel cell from being attenuated by a hydrogen-oxygen interface possibly formed in the anode due to the fact that residual oxygen of the anode is consumed before the fuel cell is started in a catalytic combustion mode and the whole life prolonging system is complex and complicated due to pipelines, an air pump and hydrogen supply equipment, and management and control measures are not provided for heat and water generated by hydrogen-oxygen catalytic combustion. (ii) a
(4) In the method for recovering the performance of the fuel cell system by circulating the average single-chip voltage between 0.7 and 0.3V, the used voltage window is small, and the toxic impurity gas removing effect of H2S, CO and the like which have strong adsorptivity on the surface of the platinum carbon catalyst is limited.
The prior art mainly focuses on a single performance recovery technical scheme, and is not beneficial to a decision maker to quickly carry out repair work.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is to provide a performance recovery method based on the output power attenuation proportion of the fuel cell, systematically provide a selection strategy of the performance recovery method of the fuel cell, and can pointedly select the optimal performance recovery technical scheme aiming at the fuel cells with different attenuation degrees, thereby improving the effectiveness, timeliness and economy of the performance recovery of the fuel cell.
A performance recovery method based on the output power attenuation proportion of a fuel cell comprises the following steps:
step 1: measuring and calculating the output power attenuation proportion of the fuel cell, and dividing the output power attenuation proportion into a first gear, a second gear, a third gear and a fourth gear from low to high;
step 2: the first grade adopts a clean air purging and battery open-circuit method, the second grade adopts a cyclic voltammetry CV scanning method, the third grade adopts a voltage pulse method, and the fourth grade adopts a platinum-carbon catalyst recycling method.
Further, the output power attenuation ratio of the fuel cell is calculated by the formula:
wherein eta is the power attenuation ratio,
and I BOL Respectively represent the average individual voltage and current values measured before the use of the new stack,
and I EOL And the average single-chip voltage and current values measured after the electric reactor is in service for a period of time.
Preferably, the eta of the first gear is less than 2 percent, the eta of the second gear is more than or equal to 2 percent and less than or equal to 5 percent, the eta of the third gear is more than 5 percent and less than or equal to 10 percent, and the eta of the fourth gear is more than or equal to 10 percent.
Alternatively, the first gear eta is less than 2 percent, and the average single-chip voltage under the condition of actual output power is kept between 0.65 and 0.7V;
the second gear is more than or equal to 2% and less than or equal to 5%, and meanwhile, the average single-chip voltage under the condition of actual output power is kept between 0.6 and 0.65V;
the third gear is more than 5 percent and less than or equal to 10 percent, and meanwhile, the average single-chip voltage under the condition of actual output power is kept between 0.55 and 0.6V;
the fourth gear eta is more than or equal to 10 percent, and the average monolithic voltage under the condition of actual output power is lower than 0.55V.
Further, the clean air purging and battery open-circuit method comprises the following steps:
step A1: firstly, clean air is adopted for blowing, the duration is 0.5 to 1 hour, and residual moisture in a flow channel of a polar plate and part of harmful impurity gas adsorbed on the surface of a platinum-carbon catalyst are removed;
step A2: stopping loading, and keeping the battery in an open circuit state for 10-30 s;
step A3: loading to 300-500 mA/cm < 2 > and running time is 10-30 minutes;
step A4: repeating the step A1-the step A3 for a plurality of times until the performance is recovered to be more than 90 percent.
Preferably, the number of repetitions of steps A1 to A3 is from 3 to 10.
Further, the cyclic voltammetry CV scanning method comprises the following steps:
step B1: impurity gas or other harmful substances adsorbed on the electrode are removed by high-potential oxidation, and the oxidized Pt is reduced by low potential to recover the activity of the catalyst;
and step B2: the voltage scanning range is set to be 0-1.4V, the scanning speed is set to be 10-50 mV/s, the number of scanning circles is set to be 3-10 circles until the performance is recovered to be more than 95%, and the number of scanning circles is controlled to be 3-10 circles so as to prevent the problems of Pt catalyst dissolution, migration and agglomeration and oxidation corrosion of a catalyst carbon carrier caused by repeated high-low potential circulation.
Preferably, pure N2 is introduced into the cathode of the fuel cell as a working electrode and pure H2 is introduced into the anode of the fuel cell as a counter electrode and a reference electrode in the step B1.
Further, the voltage pulse method comprises the following steps:
step C1: pure N2 is introduced into the cathode of the fuel cell, and pure H2 is introduced into the anode;
and step C2: applying a high voltage pulse VH to the cathode for a duration T1, and then applying a low voltage pulse VL to the anode for a duration T2;
and C3: the duration T1 and the duration T2 are both 10-30 s, and the Oswald effect of the Pt catalyst is avoided to the minimum extent until the performance is recovered by more than 95%.
Further, the platinum-carbon catalyst recycling method comprises the following steps:
step D1: extracting a platinum-carbon catalyst in the membrane electrode by adopting low-carbon alkyl alcohol;
step D2: heating and decomposing a carbon carrier in air to obtain high-purity platinum and preparing chloroplatinic acid by utilizing the high-purity platinum;
and D3: the platinum-carbon catalyst is prepared by chloroplatinic acid and carbon carrier and applied to the fuel cell, so that the recycling of the platinum-carbon catalyst is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a performance recovery method based on the output power attenuation proportion of a fuel cell, systematically provides a selection strategy of the performance recovery method of the fuel cell, can pointedly select an optimal performance recovery technical scheme for the fuel cells with different attenuation degrees, and improves the effectiveness, timeliness and economy of the performance recovery of the fuel cell.
1. The method is simple and practical by taking the attenuation proportion as the selection of the optimal strategy of the fuel cell.
2. The clean air purging and battery open-circuit method provided by the invention recovers by utilizing the self condition of the fuel battery, removes adsorbed impurity gases by gas purging and open-circuit potential, exposes the shielded active sites, is suitable for the condition of small attenuation proportion, and can recover the performance by more than 90%.
3. The cyclic voltammetry CV scanning method and the voltage pulse method provided by the invention are both realized by means of an external electrochemical device, high-low potential circulation is utilized, impurity gas adsorbed on the electrode is cleaned through high-potential oxidation, the oxidized Pt catalyst is reduced by low potential, the activity of the catalyst is recovered, and finally the performance of the battery is recovered. The method does not need to introduce reductive hydrogen, thereby avoiding the problem of local hot spots caused by incomplete hydrogen removal and the problem of the use efficiency of hydrogen.
4. Compared with a cyclic voltammetry CV scanning method, the voltage pulse method provided by the invention has stronger potential and time conditions, so that the voltage pulse method is suitable for the situation of larger attenuation proportion and can recover the performance by more than 95%; meanwhile, the number of scanning circles in a cyclic voltammetry CV scanning method and the duration time of high-voltage pulses in a voltage pulse method need to be controlled, so that the problems of dissolution, migration and agglomeration of the Pt catalyst, oxidation corrosion of a catalyst carbon carrier and the like are avoided. The high-voltage pulse voltage range adopted by the method is wider, the high-voltage pulse and the low-voltage pulse are used alternately, the duration control is flexible, and the Pt catalyst agglomeration caused by only using oxidation voltage is avoided more obviously.
5. The invention also provides a platinum carbon catalyst recycling method, when the attenuation ratio exceeds the service life requirement of the fuel cell, namely the attenuation ratio exceeds 10%, the recycling of the noble metal platinum is considered, the use cost is reduced to the maximum extent, and the newly prepared platinum carbon catalyst is applied to the fuel cell again.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating the steps of the method for recovering the performance of a fuel cell based on the output power attenuation ratio of the fuel cell according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The method for recovering the performance of the fuel cell based on the output power attenuation ratio of the fuel cell according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific implementation method.
As shown in fig. 1, the technical scheme provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1, calculating the output power attenuation proportion of the fuel cell. The calculation formula of the attenuation ratio is as follows:
and 2, comparing the attenuation ratio measured in the step 1 with an attenuation ratio threshold value to select a proper performance recovery method.
The calculation formula of the output power attenuation ratio of the fuel cell is as follows:
wherein eta is the power attenuation ratio,
and I BOL Respectively represent the average individual voltage and current values measured before the use of the new stack,
and I EOL And the average single-chip voltage and current values measured after the electric reactor is in service for a period of time.
Wherein, the attenuation proportion threshold is divided into 4 grades:
a first gear: the attenuation proportion eta is less than 2%, and meanwhile, the average single-chip voltage under the actual output power condition can be kept between 0.65 and 0.7V;
a second gear: the attenuation proportion eta is between 2 and 5 percent, and meanwhile, the average monolithic voltage under the actual output power condition can be kept between 0.6 and 0.65V;
third gear: the attenuation proportion eta is between 5 and 10 percent, and meanwhile, the average monolithic voltage under the actual output power condition can be kept between 0.55 and 0.6V;
fourth gear: the attenuation proportion eta is more than 10 percent, and the average single-chip voltage under the actual output power condition is lower than 0.55V.
Alternative performance recovery methods include the following 4:
1. clean air purging and battery open circuit method: firstly, clean air is adopted for blowing, the duration is 0.5 to 1 hour, residual moisture in a polar plate flow passage and part of impurity harmful gases adsorbed on the surface of the platinum-carbon catalyst, such as carbon oxides (COx), NH3, H2S, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), alkane and the like, part of active sites of the catalyst are exposed again, then the loading is stopped, the battery is kept in an open circuit state for 10 to 30S, then the battery is loaded to 300 to 500mA/cm < 2 >, and the steps are repeated for 3 to 10 times within 10 to 30 minutes until the performance is recovered to more than 90 percent.
Compared with the existing method adopting simple air purging, the method can more thoroughly remove the impurities with strong adsorbability on the part of the catalyst surface which is not removed by using the open-circuit voltage and the loading current on the basis.
2. Cyclic voltammetric CV scan: introducing pure N2 into the cathode of the fuel cell after certain performance attenuation as a working electrode, introducing pure H2 into the anode as a counter electrode and a reference electrode, setting the voltage scanning range to be 0-1.4V, the scanning speed to be 10-50 mV/s, and the number of scanning cycles to be 3-10 cycles until the performance is recovered by more than 95%. The CV scanning method removes impurity gases or other harmful substances adsorbed on the electrode by high-potential oxidation, and reduces oxidized Pt by low potential to recover the activity of the catalyst, thereby finally recovering the performance of the fuel cell. The number of scanning circles is controlled to be 3-10 circles so as to prevent the problems of Pt catalyst dissolution, migration and agglomeration, oxidation corrosion of the catalyst carbon carrier and the like caused by multiple high-low potential cycles.
Compared with the method in the prior patent CN112018412A, the method does not need to introduce reductive hydrogen, and avoids the problem of local hot spots caused by incomplete hydrogen removal and the problem of the use efficiency of hydrogen.
3. Voltage pulse method: and introducing pure N2 into the cathode and pure H2 into the anode of the fuel cell after certain performance attenuation, applying a high-voltage pulse VH to the cathode for a duration T1, and then applying a low-voltage pulse VL to the anode for a duration T2. Wherein the high voltage pulse VH is 1.0-1.2V, the low voltage pulse VL is 0-0.1V, and the duration T1 and T2 are both 10-30 s until the performance is recovered to more than 95%. The voltage pulse method is similar to the CV scanning method, and removes impurity gases or other harmful substances adsorbed on the electrode by using high-potential oxidation, and reduces oxidized Pt by using low potential to recover the activity of the catalyst, and finally recover the performance of the fuel cell. The pulse duration is controlled to avoid the Oswald effect of the Pt catalyst, namely, the problems of dissolution, migration, agglomeration, oxidation corrosion of the carbon carrier of the catalyst and the like to the minimum extent.
Compared with the method in the patent CN 113097539A, the method has the advantages that the high-voltage pulse voltage range is larger, high-voltage pulses and low-voltage pulses are used alternately, the duration control is flexible, and Pt catalyst agglomeration caused by pure use of oxidation voltage is avoided more obviously.
4. The platinum carbon catalyst recycling method comprises the following steps: firstly, extracting a platinum-carbon catalyst in a membrane electrode by adopting low-carbon alkyl alcohol (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and the like), then heating and decomposing a carbon carrier in the air to obtain high-purity platinum, preparing chloroplatinic acid by utilizing the high-purity platinum, and finally preparing the platinum-carbon catalyst again by utilizing the chloroplatinic acid and the carbon carrier to be applied to a fuel cell so as to complete the recycling of the platinum-carbon catalyst. The carbon carrier can be selected from one of carbon black, carbon nano tube, graphene, C3N4 and porous carbon. The method mainly aims at the condition that the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged, namely the performance can not be recovered by adopting an electrochemical method, and the method utilizes the characteristic of noble metal cycle economy.
The method provides a noble metal recycling strategy aiming at the fuel cell after the fuel cell reaches the service life, and the remanufacturing cost of the fuel cell is reduced to the maximum extent.
Example 1
Example one
Step 1: after the fuel cell normally runs for 1000 hours, the rated output power attenuation proportion of the fuel cell is calculated and calculated to be 1 percent according to a formula
Step 2: and comparing the measured attenuation ratio with the attenuation ratio threshold, and selecting clean air purging and battery open circuit to recover the performance after the attenuation ratio is classified as the first gear.
And 3, step 3: the method for executing the step 2 selection comprises the following specific implementation details: clean air purging is adopted for 1 hour, then loading is stopped, the battery is maintained in an open circuit state for 10 hours, then loading is carried out to 300mA/cm < 2 >, and the running time is 30 minutes. Repeat the above steps 5 times until the performance recovers 95%.
Example two
Step 1: after the fuel cell normally runs for 3000 hours, the rated output power attenuation proportion of the fuel cell is calculated and calculated to be 4 percent according to a formula
Step 2: and comparing the measured attenuation ratio with an attenuation ratio threshold value, and selecting a cyclic voltammetry CV scanning method to recover the performance of the second gear.
And step 3: the method for executing the step 2 selection comprises the following specific implementation details: stopping loading, introducing pure N2 into the cathode to serve as a working electrode, introducing pure H2 into the anode to serve as a counter electrode and a reference electrode, wherein the voltage scanning range is 0-1.4V, the scanning speed is 50mV/s, and the number of scanning turns is 10 circles until the performance is recovered to 95%.
EXAMPLE III
Step 1: after the fuel cell normally operates for 10000 hours, the rated output power attenuation proportion of the fuel cell is calculated and calculated to be 12 percent according to a formula
Step 2: and comparing the calculated attenuation ratio with the attenuation ratio threshold value, and selecting a platinum-carbon catalyst recycling method to be classified as the fourth grade.
And step 3: the method selected in step 2 is implemented as follows: firstly, performing ultrasonic separation on a proton exchange membrane and a catalyst layer by adopting ethanol, extracting a platinum-carbon catalyst in a membrane electrode, then heating for 2 hours at 1000 ℃ in air, completely decomposing a carbon carrier to obtain high-purity foamy metal platinum, preparing chloroplatinic acid by utilizing the high-purity platinum, finally, preparing the platinum-carbon catalyst again by using the chloroplatinic acid and a carbon nano tube, applying the platinum-carbon catalyst to a fuel cell, and performing performance test to obtain the catalyst which shows 100% of performance in the fuel cell.
Compared with the single performance recovery method in the prior art, the invention has the advantage of providing a performance recovery method selection strategy based on the output power attenuation proportion of the fuel cell. On one hand, the clean air purging and battery open circuit method is to recover by utilizing the self condition of the fuel battery, realize the removal of the adsorbed impurity gas by gas purging and open circuit potential, expose the shielded active site, is suitable for the situation that the attenuation ratio is small, and the performance can recover more than 90%; the cyclic voltammetry CV scanning method and the voltage pulse method both utilize an external electrochemical device, utilize high-low potential circulation, remove impurity gases adsorbed on an electrode through high potential oxidation, reuse low potential reduction oxidized Pt catalyst, recover catalyst activity, and finally recover battery performance. The voltage pulse method is stronger in potential and time conditions compared with the cyclic voltammetry CV scanning method, so that the voltage pulse method is suitable for the situation of larger attenuation proportion and can recover the performance by more than 95%; meanwhile, the number of scanning circles in a cyclic voltammetry CV scanning method and the duration time of high-voltage pulses in a voltage pulse method need to be controlled, so that the problems of dissolution, migration and agglomeration of the Pt catalyst, oxidation corrosion of a carbon carrier of the catalyst and the like are avoided. On the other hand, when the attenuation ratio exceeds the service life requirement of the fuel cell, namely when the attenuation ratio exceeds 10%, the clean air purging and cell open-circuit method-3 is not applicable, the recovery and reuse of the noble metal platinum are considered, the use cost is reduced to the maximum extent, and the performance can reach 100% by reusing the newly prepared platinum carbon catalyst in the fuel cell.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A performance recovery method based on the output power attenuation proportion of a fuel cell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: measuring and calculating the output power attenuation proportion of the fuel cell, and dividing the output power attenuation proportion into a first gear, a second gear, a third gear and a fourth gear from low to high;
step 2: the first grade adopts a clean air purging and battery open-circuit method, the second grade adopts a cyclic voltammetry CV scanning method, the third grade adopts a voltage pulse method, and the fourth grade adopts a platinum-carbon catalyst recycling method.
2. The fuel cell output power decay rate-based performance recovery method according to claim 1, wherein the output power decay rate of the fuel cell is calculated by the formula:
wherein eta is the power attenuation ratio,
and I BOL Respectively represent the average individual voltage and current values measured before the use of the new stack,
and I EOL And the average single-chip voltage and current values are measured after the electric pile is in service for a period of time.
3. The fuel cell output power fade-out ratio-based performance recovery method according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the eta of the first gear is less than 2 percent, the eta of the second gear is more than or equal to 2 percent and less than or equal to 5 percent, the eta of the third gear is more than 5 percent and less than or equal to 10 percent, and the eta of the fourth gear is more than or equal to 10 percent.
4. The fuel cell output power fade-out ratio-based performance recovery method according to claim 2,
the first gear eta is less than 2%, and the average monolithic voltage under the condition of actual output power is kept between 0.65 and 0.7V;
the second gear is more than or equal to 2% and less than or equal to 5%, and meanwhile, the average single-chip voltage under the condition of actual output power is kept between 0.6 and 0.65V;
the third gear is more than 5 percent and less than or equal to 10 percent, and meanwhile, the average single-chip voltage under the condition of actual output power is kept between 0.55 and 0.6V;
the fourth gear eta is more than or equal to 10 percent, and the average single-chip voltage under the condition of actual output power is lower than 0.55V.
5. The fuel cell output power fade-out ratio-based performance recovery method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the clean air purging and battery open-circuit method comprises the following steps:
step A1: firstly, clean air is adopted for blowing, the duration is 0.5 to 1 hour, and residual moisture in a flow channel of a polar plate and part of harmful impurity gas adsorbed on the surface of a platinum-carbon catalyst are removed;
step A2: stopping loading, and keeping the battery in an open circuit state for 10-30 s;
step A3: loading to 300-500 mA/cm < 2 > and running time is 10-30 minutes;
step A4: repeating the step A1-the step A3 for a plurality of times until the performance is recovered to be more than 90 percent.
6. The fuel cell output power fade-out ratio-based performance recovery method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the repetition times of the steps A1 to A3 are 3 to 10 times.
7. The fuel cell output power fade-out ratio-based performance recovery method according to claim 1,
the cyclic voltammetry CV scan method comprises the following steps:
step B1: impurity gas or other harmful substances adsorbed on the electrode are removed by high-potential oxidation, and the oxidized Pt is reduced by low potential to recover the activity of the catalyst;
and step B2: the voltage scanning range is set to be 0-1.4V, the scanning speed is set to be 10-50 mV/s, the number of scanning circles is set to be 3-10 circles until the performance is recovered to be more than 95%, and the number of scanning circles is controlled to be 3-10 circles so as to prevent the problems of Pt catalyst dissolution, migration and agglomeration and oxidation corrosion of a catalyst carbon carrier caused by repeated high-low potential circulation.
8. The fuel cell output power fade-out ratio-based performance recovery method according to claim 7, characterized in that:
and B1, introducing pure N2 into the cathode of the fuel cell as a working electrode, and introducing pure H2 into the anode of the fuel cell as a counter electrode and a reference electrode.
9. The fuel cell output power fade-out ratio-based performance recovery method according to claim 1,
the voltage pulse method comprises the following steps:
step C1: pure N2 is introduced into the cathode of the fuel cell, and pure H2 is introduced into the anode;
and C2: applying a high voltage pulse VH to the cathode for a duration T1, and then applying a low voltage pulse VL to the anode for a duration T2;
and C3: the duration T1 and the duration T2 are both 10-30 s, and the Oswald effect of the Pt catalyst is avoided to the minimum extent until the performance is recovered by more than 95%.
10. The fuel cell output power decay rate-based performance recovery method according to claim 1, wherein,
the platinum-carbon catalyst recycling method comprises the following steps:
step D1: extracting a platinum-carbon catalyst in the membrane electrode by adopting low-carbon alkyl alcohol;
step D2: heating and decomposing a carbon carrier in air to obtain high-purity platinum and preparing chloroplatinic acid by utilizing the high-purity platinum;
and D3: the platinum-carbon catalyst is prepared by chloroplatinic acid and carbon carrier and applied to the fuel cell, so that the recycling of the platinum-carbon catalyst is completed.
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