CN111769308A - Universal activation method for proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack - Google Patents

Universal activation method for proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111769308A
CN111769308A CN202010562724.0A CN202010562724A CN111769308A CN 111769308 A CN111769308 A CN 111769308A CN 202010562724 A CN202010562724 A CN 202010562724A CN 111769308 A CN111769308 A CN 111769308A
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fuel cell
cell stack
exchange membrane
proton exchange
membrane fuel
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侯向理
裴昱
涂序国
时丕宏
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Nekson Power Technology Co ltd
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Nekson Power Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly discloses a general activation method for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, which comprises the steps of firstly checking the air tightness of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack and setting the working temperature of the fuel cell stack; then connecting the cathode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with the loaded cathode, connecting the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with the loaded anode, introducing wet air into the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, and introducing wet hydrogen into the cathode; and finally, adjusting the electronic load to a constant current mode, loading the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, and stably operating for 10-60 min. The activation method is simple and convenient, compared with the traditional constant-current natural activation method, the activation time is greatly shortened, the batch production requirement of the galvanic pile can be met, a large amount of hydrogen is not required to be consumed, and the cost is obviously reduced.

Description

Universal activation method for proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a general activation method for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack.
Background
A Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is a power generation device that directly converts chemical energy stored in fuel into electric energy without combustion, and has the characteristics of high energy density, high conversion efficiency, fast response speed, light weight, small volume and the like, and is a novel power source with wide application prospect. With hydrogen as fuel, the electrode reaction of the PEMFC is as follows:
anode: h2→2H++2e-
Cathode: 1/2O2+2H++2e-→H2O
From the electrode reaction, hydrogen in the PEMFC is introduced into an anode flow channel and is dissociated into protons and electrons under the action of a catalyst, the protons reach the cathode of the cell through a proton exchange membrane, and the electrons are collected by a collector plate to apply work to an external circuit; oxygen reaches the catalytic side surface of the cathode through the gas diffusion layer, and under the action of the catalyst, the oxygen is combined with protons passing through the proton exchange membrane and external circuit electrons to generate water, and a large amount of heat is released.
After the assembly of the fuel cell stack is completed, the activation treatment, also called "pretreatment" or "break-in", is performed under given conditions, and the material transfer passage is constructed in advance through the activation treatment and the activity of the catalyst is improved, so that the proton exchange membrane fuel cell can rapidly achieve the best performance during operation. The current activation method of the fuel cell comprises constant current natural activation, constant current forced activation and variable current forced activation, wherein the constant current natural activation is more commonly applied. The traditional constant-current natural activation method needs to consume a large amount of hydrogen and an additional humidifying device, is high in cost, needs long activation time (usually more than 4 hours), and greatly influences the efficiency of batch production of the galvanic pile.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a general activation method for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, which can quickly complete the activation process of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack without consuming a large amount of hydrogen, thereby reducing the activation cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a general activation method for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack comprises the following steps:
s1: checking the air tightness of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, and setting the working temperature of the fuel cell stack within the temperature range of 40-80 ℃;
s2: connecting the cathode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with the loaded cathode, connecting the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with the loaded anode, introducing wet air into the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, and introducing wet hydrogen into the cathode;
s3: and adjusting the electronic load to a constant current mode, loading the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, and stably operating for 10-60 min.
Preferably, the relative humidity range of the air introduced in step S2 is 60% to 100%, and the relative humidity range of the hydrogen introduced is 60% to 100%.
Preferably, the air is introduced in the step S2 in a metering ratio of 3.5-4.5, and the hydrogen is introduced in a metering ratio of 1.5-2.5.
Preferably, the air and hydrogen gas metering ratios in step S2 are set to 4 and 2, respectively.
Preferably, the range of the current density of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack loaded in the step S3 is 10mA/cm2-1000 mA/cm2。
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the activation method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack provided by the invention firstly exchanges the cathode and the anode, so that hydrogen reduction reaction is carried out at the cathode, oxidation reaction is carried out at the anode, the anode potential is higher, and the cathode potential is reduced (the hydrogen reduction reaction potential is almost 0V), thereby recovering the catalytic activity of a catalyst in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack; the wettability of the membrane electrode is improved by humidifying the inlet air at the cathode and the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, so that the hydrogen guiding capability is improved, and an additional humidifying device is not needed; and then loading an electronic load in a constant current mode to activate the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack. The invention can quickly construct the transmission channel of each substance (hydrogen, air, proton, electron and water), improve the catalytic activity area and optimize the electrode structure, the performance of the cell stack is obviously improved after the activation by the method of the invention, the whole activation process can be completed within about 1 h, the method is simple and convenient, compared with the traditional constant-current natural activation, the activation time is greatly shortened, the efficiency is improved, and the batch production requirement of the cell stack is met.
2. The surface of a fuel cell catalyst is easy to be in an oxidation state under high potential, so that the catalyst can be passivated, after the conventional activation method carries the galvanic pile, due to the circulation of all substances, a catalyst passage is opened, the contact area is increased, the activity is improved, but the problem of surface oxidation of the catalyst is not improved, and the problem is aggravated due to long activation time, so that the period of efficient operation of the galvanic pile after the activation by the conventional method is short. After the cathode and the anode are replaced, the cathode is a reducing environment, which is beneficial to removing a surface oxide film, and the cathode is protected in the whole activation process, while the anode is in an oxidation state during activation, the activation time is short, the influence on the catalyst is small, and the reduction state can be recovered during formal use, so that adverse effects can be fully eliminated, therefore, the operation cycle of the activated battery can be effectively prolonged, and the activation effect is better. After the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is used for a period of time, the method can also be used for activation, so that the performance is optimized, and the service life is further prolonged.
3. The current density range of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack loaded in the activation process is only 10mA/cm2～1000mA/cm2And the activation effect is not influenced under low current density, so that only low-flow air and a small amount of hydrogen are needed, and compared with the traditional constant-current natural activation, the energy consumption is less, and the activation cost is obviously reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the CV curves of the cells activated in example 1 by the present invention and the conventional constant current mode are compared.
FIG. 2: comparative V-I curves before and after activation of the stack in example 2.
FIG. 3: a graph comparing the V-I curves of the stacks activated in example 3 using the present invention and a conventional constant current mode.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
At two identical 25 cm2The monocells are experimental objects, one of the monocells is activated in a traditional rated current constant-current mode, and the other monocell is activated in the mode of the invention. The method comprises the following specific steps:
s1: checking the air tightness of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and setting the working temperature of the fuel cell to be 50 ℃;
s2: connecting the cathode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the loaded cathode, connecting the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the loaded anode, introducing wet air into the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and introducing wet hydrogen into the cathode; the relative humidity of the introduced air is 70 percent, and the relative humidity of the introduced hydrogen is 70 percent; the metering ratios of the introduced air and the introduced hydrogen are respectively set to be 4 and 2;
s3: adjusting the electronic load to a constant current mode, and loading the proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the current density of 100 mA/cm2And stably running for 40 min.
The single cell activated by two modes in the example 1 is subjected to CV curve test, before the test, the PEMFC is firstly purged by nitrogen until the open-circuit voltage is about 0.1V, the potential scanning range is 0-1.0V, the scanning speed is 50mV/s, the test is carried out for three times, and CV test conditions are as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the test result is shown in figure 1, and it can be seen from the figure that the difference of the scanning CV curve result of the method of the invention and the traditional method is not large, and the effect of increasing the catalytic activity area of the battery is obvious.
Example 2
The active area of 30 tablets is 266cm2The proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack assembled by the monocells is an experimental object, the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack before and after activation is compared, and the cell stack activation steps are as follows:
s1: checking the air tightness of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, and setting the working temperature of the fuel cell stack to be 45 ℃;
s2: connecting the cathode of the proton exchange membrane cell stack with the loaded cathode, connecting the anode of the proton exchange membrane cell stack with the loaded anode, introducing wet air into the anode of the proton exchange membrane cell stack, and introducing wet hydrogen into the cathode; the relative humidity of the introduced air is 80 percent, and the relative humidity of the introduced hydrogen is 80 percent; the metering ratios of the introduced air and the introduced hydrogen are respectively set to be 4 and 2;
s3: adjusting the electronic load to a constant current mode, loading the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, and controlling the current density to be 50 mA/cm2And stably running for 50 min.
The V-I curves of the pem fuel cell stack assembled from 30 cells in example 2 before and after activation were measured, and the test results are shown in fig. 2, which shows that the performance of the stack after activation is improved significantly compared to that before activation.
Example 3
Two identical 24-piece tablets with an active area of 150 cm2The proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack assembled by the monocells is an experimental object, one of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks is activated in a rated current constant mode, and the other proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is activated in the mode of the invention. The method comprises the following specific steps:
s1: checking the air tightness of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, and setting the working temperature of the fuel cell stack to be 55 ℃;
s2: connecting the cathode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with the loaded cathode, connecting the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with the loaded anode, introducing wet air into the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, and introducing wet hydrogen into the cathode; the relative humidity of the introduced air is 90 percent, and the relative humidity of the introduced hydrogen is 90 percent; the metering ratios of the introduced air and the introduced hydrogen are respectively set to be 4 and 2;
s3: adjusting the electronic load to a constant current mode, loading the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, wherein the current density is 80 mA/cm2And stably running for 40 min.
The V-I curves of the pem fuel cell stack activated in two ways in example 3 were determined, and the results are shown in fig. 3, which shows that the stack activated in the present invention has better performance than the conventional constant current with rated current.
This detailed description is to be construed as illustrative only and is not to be taken as limiting the invention, as any changes that may be made by a person skilled in the art after reading the present specification will be protected by the patent laws within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. A general activation method for proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: checking the air tightness of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, and setting the working temperature of the fuel cell stack within the temperature range of 40-80 ℃;
s2: connecting the cathode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with the loaded cathode, connecting the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with the loaded anode, introducing wet air into the anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, and introducing wet hydrogen into the cathode;
s3: and adjusting the electronic load to a constant current mode, loading the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, and stably operating for 10-60 min.
2. The pem fuel cell stack generic activation method of claim 1, wherein: the relative humidity range of the air introduced in the step S2 is 60% -100%, and the relative humidity range of the hydrogen introduced is 60% -100%.
3. The pem fuel cell stack generic activation method of claim 1, wherein: the air is introduced in the step S2 with the metering ratio of 3.5-4.5, and the hydrogen is introduced with the metering ratio of 1.5-2.5.
4. The pem fuel cell stack generic activation method of claim 3, wherein: in step S2, the air and hydrogen gas metering ratios are set to 4 and 2, respectively.
5. The pem fuel cell stack generic activation method of claim 1, wherein: the range of the current density of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack loaded in the step S3 is 10mA/cm2-1000 mA/cm2。
CN202010562724.0A 2020-06-19 2020-06-19 Universal activation method for proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack Withdrawn CN111769308A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113224353A (en) * 2021-05-08 2021-08-06 张家口市氢能科技有限公司 Quick activation method and device for hydrogen fuel cell
CN113809372A (en) * 2021-09-02 2021-12-17 北京化工大学 Method for effectively relieving anode poisoning of proton exchange membrane fuel cell by utilizing differential pressure oxygen permeation
CN114447376A (en) * 2022-01-18 2022-05-06 同济大学 Rapid activation method of fuel cell stack
CN115663239A (en) * 2022-10-13 2023-01-31 上海神力科技有限公司 Method for quickly activating cathode and anode of fuel cell stack

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113224353A (en) * 2021-05-08 2021-08-06 张家口市氢能科技有限公司 Quick activation method and device for hydrogen fuel cell
CN113809372A (en) * 2021-09-02 2021-12-17 北京化工大学 Method for effectively relieving anode poisoning of proton exchange membrane fuel cell by utilizing differential pressure oxygen permeation
CN114447376A (en) * 2022-01-18 2022-05-06 同济大学 Rapid activation method of fuel cell stack
CN115663239A (en) * 2022-10-13 2023-01-31 上海神力科技有限公司 Method for quickly activating cathode and anode of fuel cell stack

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