CN113363535A - Rapid activation method for proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Google Patents
Rapid activation method for proton exchange membrane fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN113363535A CN113363535A CN202110546034.0A CN202110546034A CN113363535A CN 113363535 A CN113363535 A CN 113363535A CN 202110546034 A CN202110546034 A CN 202110546034A CN 113363535 A CN113363535 A CN 113363535A
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- fuel cell
- activation
- exchange membrane
- proton exchange
- activation method
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical group O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 41
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04238—Depolarisation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a method for quickly activating a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which comprises the steps of connecting the fuel cell to a fuel cell test bench, setting the working temperature, and respectively introducing an oxidant and hydrogen to a cathode and an anode; and after the working temperature is reached, gradually increasing the current density of the fuel cell from low to high in a segmented mode until the voltage of the fuel cell is larger than the minimum voltage, gradually reducing the current density in a segmented mode until the current density is 0, activating by circulating the above processes, wherein the duration time of the output current of each segment is 10s-60s, and the activation is completed when the polarization curve and the power density curve are basically overlapped after two times of continuous activation. The activation method is simple and easy to implement, can obviously shorten the activation time, and has important significance for improving the activation efficiency of the fuel cell and saving energy and reducing emission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a rapid activation method of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Background
A Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is an energy conversion device that directly converts chemical energy in fuel into electrical energy through electrochemical reaction, and is considered to be an ideal choice for future vehicle power due to its advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, cleanliness, and the like. The PEMFC single cell consists of a membrane electrode assembly, a bipolar plate, a current collector and an end plate, wherein the membrane electrode assembly consists of a proton exchange membrane, a catalytic layer and a gas diffusion layer and is the key of the fuel cell. After the initial assembly of the fuel cell is completed, proton conduction is hindered due to water shortage inside the proton exchange membrane and the catalyst layer. Therefore, in order to rapidly construct a reasonable proton, electron and gas-liquid phase conduction network and exert the best performance of the fuel cell, the activation operation of the fuel cell is required. The existing activation mode usually adopts the activation by long-time constant current discharge under fixed current density, and the activation mode needs longer time; in addition, long-term activation consumes a large amount of fuel, wasting resources. Therefore, in order to rapidly reach the optimum state of the membrane electrode and the electric stack in a shorter time, it is necessary to find a rapid activation method of the fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for quickly activating a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which aims at the technical problem that a constant current discharge activation mode is long in time and large in energy consumption, and can enable the fuel cell to reach an optimal state in a shorter time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for quickly activating a proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises the following steps:
a. performing air tightness detection and purging on the fuel cell;
b. connecting the fuel cell to a fuel cell test bench, setting the working temperature, and respectively introducing an oxidant and hydrogen to the cathode and the anode; after the working temperature is reached, gradually increasing the current density of the fuel cell from low to high in a segmented mode until the voltage of the fuel cell is larger than the minimum voltage, gradually reducing the current density in a segmented mode until the current density is 0, and circulating the processes for activation, wherein the duration time of output current of each segment is 10-60 s;
c. and c, repeating the step b, recording the polarization curve and the power density curve in real time, and finishing the activation when the polarization curve and the power density curve are basically overlapped after the activation for two times.
Preferably, the purge time in step a is from 20s to 40 s.
Preferably, pure hydrogen is blown into the anode in step b, and the stoichiometric ratio is 1.5-1.8; the oxidant is pure oxygen or air, the stoichiometric ratio is 1.5-2.5, the working pressure is 0-0.18Mpa, and the relative humidity is 50-100%.
Preferably, the relative humidity is 90 to 100%.
Preferably, the working temperature in step b is 50-90 ℃.
Preferably, the working temperature in step b is 70-80 ℃.
Preferably, the change rate range of each section of output current is 50mA/cm2-500mA/cm2The minimum voltage value is 0.15V-0.6V.
Preferably, the range of the change rate of each section of output current is 100mA/cm2-300mA/cm2The minimum voltage value is 0.40V-0.55V.
Preferably, the duration of the output current of each segment is 10s-30 s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the rapid activation method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is simple and easy to implement, can obviously shorten the activation time, and has important significance for improving the activation efficiency of the fuel cell and saving energy and reducing emission.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of current density versus time for the membrane electrode activation process of a fuel cell in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph of current density versus time for the membrane electrode activation process of a fuel cell in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change of current density with time in the activation process of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell in the comparative example;
FIG. 4 is a plot of polarization versus power density for a fuel cell of a comparative example before and after activation;
FIG. 5 is a plot of polarization versus power density for the fuel cell of example 1 before and after activation;
FIG. 6 is a plot of polarization versus power density for the fuel cell of example 2 before and after activation;
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1:
the active area is 10cm2The membrane electrode of (a) was assembled into a cell holder and connected to a test instrument. After the air tightness of the clamp is detected, N is introduced into the anode and the cathode2Purging was performed for 30 s. Setting the working temperature to 80 ℃, and respectively introducing air and hydrogen with the relative humidity of 100% to the cathode and the anode, wherein the stoichiometric ratio is 1.5, and the working pressure of the gas is 0.1 Mpa. After the temperature rises to 80 ℃, the fuel cell is subjected to constant-speed continuous variable current forced activation. The activation procedure is as follows: the current density was varied from 0 to 300mA/cm2Gradually and sectionally increasing at a constant speed until the lowest voltage value reaches 0.4V, wherein the duration of each output current is 20 s; when the voltage of the single cell is reduced to 0.4V, the voltage is reduced to 300mA/cm2Is reduced stepwise at a constant rate, and the specific current density is shown in fig. 1 as a function of time. And repeating the activation steps, recording the polarization curve and the power density curve of each activation process in real time, and finishing the activation when the polarization curve and the power density curve are basically superposed twice continuously.
Example 2:
the active area is 280cm2The membrane electrode is assembled in a short stack and connected to a test instrument, and N is introduced into the cathode and the anode after the air tightness of the clamp is detected2Purging was performed for 30 s. Setting the working temperature to 80 ℃, respectively introducing air and hydrogen with the relative humidity of 100% to the cathode and the anode, wherein the stoichiometric ratio is 1.5, and simultaneously setting the working pressure of gas to 0.15Mpa at the anode and 0.13Mpa at the cathode. After the temperature rises to 80 ℃, the fuel cell is subjected to constant-speed continuous variable-current forced activation, and the activation procedure is as follows: will flow currentDensity of 100mA/cm from 02Gradually and sectionally increasing the constant speed to the lowest voltage value to 0.55V, wherein the duration of each output current is 20 s; when the voltage of the single cell is reduced to 0.55V, the voltage is reduced to 100mA/cm2The specific current density as a function of time is shown in fig. 2. And repeating the activation steps, and recording the polarization curve and the power density curve of each activation process in real time.
Comparative example:
under the same test conditions as in example 1, the active area was set to 10cm2The membrane electrode is at 900mA/cm2The activation was carried out for 60min at a current density which varied with time as shown in FIG. 3.
As shown in fig. 4, which is a polarization curve and a power density curve before and after activation of the fuel cell in the comparative example, it can be seen that the maximum power increase rate was 7.3% after the activation for a total time period of 1 hour; at 1100mA/cm2When the cell voltage increased from the initial 0.68V to 0.705V, the rate of increase was 3.6%.
Fig. 5 is a polarization curve and a power density curve before and after activation of the fuel cell in example 1, and it can be seen from the graphs that the increase rates of the maximum power and the output voltage of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell after activation by the method described in example 1 are still higher than the increase rates of the comparative example, 10.5% and 6.3%, respectively, compared with the comparative example, which shows that the activation time can be effectively shortened by the activation method of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a polarization curve and a power density curve before and after the activation of the fuel cell in example 2, and it can be seen from the graph that the maximum power and output voltage increase rate of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell after the activation of example 2 is still higher than that of the comparative example, 11.5% and 6.7%, respectively, compared with the comparative example, and the results show that the activation time can be effectively shortened by using the activation method of the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for quickly activating a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. performing air tightness detection and purging on the fuel cell;
b. connecting the fuel cell to a fuel cell test bench, setting the working temperature, and respectively introducing an oxidant and hydrogen to the cathode and the anode; after the working temperature is reached, gradually increasing the current density of the fuel cell from low to high in a segmented manner until the voltage of the fuel cell is larger than the minimum voltage value, gradually reducing the current density in a segmented manner until the current density is 0, and circulating the processes for activation, wherein the duration time of the output current of each segment is 10-60 s;
c. and c, repeating the step b, recording the polarization curve and the power density curve in real time, and finishing the activation when the polarization curve and the power density curve are basically overlapped after the activation for two times.
2. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell rapid activation method according to claim 1, wherein: the purging time in the step a is 20s-40 s.
3. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell rapid activation method according to claim 1, wherein: pure hydrogen is blown into the anode in the step b, and the stoichiometric ratio is 1.5-1.8; the oxidant is pure oxygen or air, the stoichiometric ratio is 1.5-2.5, the working pressure is 0-0.18Mpa, and the relative humidity is 50-100%.
4. The pem fuel cell fast activation method of claim 3, wherein: 90-100 percent.
5. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell rapid activation method according to claim 1, wherein: the working temperature in the step b is 50-90 ℃.
6. The pem fuel cell fast activation method of claim 5, wherein: the working temperature in the step b is 70-80 ℃.
7. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell rapid activation method according to claim 1, wherein: the change rate range of each section of output current is 50mA/cm2-500mA/cm2The minimum voltage value is 0.15V-0.6V.
8. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell rapid activation method according to claim 1, wherein: the change rate range of each section of output current is 100mA/cm2-300mA/cm2The minimum voltage value is 0.40V-0.55V.
9. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell rapid activation method according to claim 1, wherein: the duration of the output current of each section is 10s-30 s.
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| CN202110546034.0A CN113363535A (en) | 2021-05-19 | 2021-05-19 | Rapid activation method for proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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| CN202110546034.0A CN113363535A (en) | 2021-05-19 | 2021-05-19 | Rapid activation method for proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112928309A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-08 | 苏州弗尔赛能源科技股份有限公司 | Activation method of commercial large-area fuel cell stack |
| CN113871633A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-31 | 合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院(安徽省能源实验室) | Method for high-efficiency in-situ activation of membrane electrode of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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| CN101414688A (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2009-04-22 | 北京航天发射技术研究所 | Activation method for fuel battery |
| CN109786789A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-05-21 | 武汉喜玛拉雅光电科技股份有限公司 | A kind of test method of fuel cell membrane electrode activation method and polarization curve |
| CN111600047A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-28 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Activation method of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack |
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- 2021-05-19 CN CN202110546034.0A patent/CN113363535A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101414688A (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2009-04-22 | 北京航天发射技术研究所 | Activation method for fuel battery |
| CN109786789A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-05-21 | 武汉喜玛拉雅光电科技股份有限公司 | A kind of test method of fuel cell membrane electrode activation method and polarization curve |
| CN111600047A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-28 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Activation method of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112928309A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-08 | 苏州弗尔赛能源科技股份有限公司 | Activation method of commercial large-area fuel cell stack |
| CN112928309B (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-04-22 | 苏州弗尔赛能源科技股份有限公司 | Activation method of commercial large-area fuel cell stack |
| CN113871633A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-31 | 合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院(安徽省能源实验室) | Method for high-efficiency in-situ activation of membrane electrode of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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Application publication date: 20210907 |