CN111916800B - Activation method and application of fuel cell membrane electrode - Google Patents

Activation method and application of fuel cell membrane electrode Download PDF

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CN111916800B
CN111916800B CN202010739521.4A CN202010739521A CN111916800B CN 111916800 B CN111916800 B CN 111916800B CN 202010739521 A CN202010739521 A CN 202010739521A CN 111916800 B CN111916800 B CN 111916800B
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time
discharge
fuel cell
current density
activation
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CN111916800A (en
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王禹
徐鑫
甘全全
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Shanghai Shenli Technology Co Ltd
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Shanghai Shen Li High Tech Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to an activation method and application of a fuel cell membrane electrode, which specifically comprises the following steps: s1: introducing air and hydrogen into the fuel cell, loading to a current density set value 1 for carrying out first-time balance discharge, and then reducing the load to 0mA/cm2Then, the current is loaded to a current density set value 1 to carry out secondary balance discharge; s2: reducing the load to the current density set value 2 to carry out third-time balance discharge, stopping introducing air, and continuing fourth-time balance discharge; s3: load reduction to 0mA/cm2Introducing air again, performing fifth balanced discharge, loading to a current density set value 2 for sixth balanced discharge, then loading to a current density set value 1 for seventh balanced discharge, and finishing one round of activation; s4: and (6) repeating. Compared with the prior art, the method can lead the membrane electrode performance to tend to be stable after repeatedly performing activation for 4-6 times, achieves the purpose of quick and efficient activation, can automatically complete the operation without manual interference midway on a test board or a system, and greatly reduces the execution time.

Description

Activation method and application of fuel cell membrane electrode
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to an activation method and application of a fuel cell membrane electrode.
Background
A Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is an energy converter that can directly convert chemical energy contained in Fuel into electric energy without combustion, and a Fuel cell stack is usually formed by connecting a plurality of single cells in series to meet power supply requirements.
The core component of a PEMFC is a Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA), and the performance of a fuel cell depends on the quality of the MEA. Like a conventional cell, as shown in fig. 1, a fuel cell is also composed of an anode 1, a cathode 2 and an electrolyte 3, but a PEMFC uses a solid electrolyte membrane as an electrolyte, the solid electrolyte membrane is generally a proton exchange membrane, which is not a conductor in the general sense and does not conduct electrons, but a good conductor of hydrogen ions, and hydrogen ions (protons) can be transferred to the other electrode, as shown in fig. 2, the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell are both made of a catalytic Layer containing a noble metal Pt, and a Gas Diffusion Layer 4(Gas Diffusion Layer, GDL) is provided outside the catalytic Layer, and the Gas Diffusion Layer is made of a porous and conductive material, generally made of carbon paper, and is beneficial for the Gas fuel to be more uniformly diffused to the surface of the catalytic Layer to participate in the reaction.
The operating principle of PEMFCs is as follows: the fuel is respectively conveyed to the surface of the cathode and anode catalyst layers through the channels at the two sides of the cathode and the anode and the GDL, the hydrogen is decomposed into hydrogen ions (protons) and electrons under the action of the anode catalyst, the electrons are transmitted to the peripheral circuit through the conductive electrode, the hydrogen ions are transmitted to the surface of the cathode catalyst layer from the anode through the proton exchange membrane, and are combined with the oxygen at the cathode and the electrons transmitted from the external circuit to generate water, and the battery generates electric energy along with the movement of the electrons.
In order to achieve the optimum condition and operation performance of the PEMFC during or quickly during its operation, after the MEA is prepared and before the stack is normally operated, it is usually necessary to perform an activation process on the MEA, and the main process includes: (1) the water content of the proton exchange membrane can be increased by humidifying the proton membrane, the proton conductivity is improved, and the ohmic internal resistance is reduced; (2) establishing electron, proton, gas and water transmission channels; (3) remove the pollutants on the surface of the catalyst, improve the activity of the catalyst and the like.
Patent CN102097631B discloses an activation method and device for proton exchange membrane fuel cell, wherein the method specifically comprises: continuously introducing deionized water into a gas flow channel of the PEMFC for a period of time to fully wet the membrane electrode; stopping introducing the deionized water, removing the deionized water, and purging, and adjusting a galvanic pile clamp of the cell according to a preset rule to reduce ohmic polarization and concentration polarization; and then continuously introducing corresponding reaction gas into the gas flow channel, and simultaneously adjusting the load to enable the battery to output current according to the preset step gradient until the output voltage of the battery reaches the preset voltage, wherein the process can adjust the interiors of four transmission channels of water, electrons, protons and gas, so that more catalysts become effective reaction points, and the activation effect is improved. The method can be realized when the number of the fuel cell stacks is small, once the number of the stacks is large or the power of the stacks is large, the time spent on circulating deionized water and heating and cooling is long, and meanwhile, the problem of water blockage is easy to occur, so that the voltage uniformity among single-chip membrane electrodes is poor; in addition, the operation of adjusting the stack clamp is also involved in the middle of the mode, the process is relatively complex, the process cannot be automatically completed in one device, and the method is not suitable for batch production and use of fuel cells.
Patent CN104577161B discloses a performance recovery method for a fuel cell stack, comprising continuously applying a predetermined load to output current from a fuel cell using a load device when stopping air supply and supplying hydrogen gas to the fuel cell stack, by removing an oxide film formed on the surface of a cathode Pt catalyst by forming a hydrogen atmosphere on the cathode side for the purpose of recovering catalyst activity and fuel cell stack performance. It is also proposed that the performance recovery efficiency can be improved by repeatedly performing performance recovery operations such as stopping the air supply, supplying hydrogen gas, and applying a load. In this method, load current is directly applied after air supply is stopped, and if the applied current is small, it is difficult to achieve sufficient efficiency and effect of recovering the performance of the battery pack; if the applied current is large, certain risk is caused to the proton membrane, and the proton membrane is easily damaged due to the fact that the applied current is too large instantly; also, from the results of the examples, the battery performance still tended to increase after 8 times of the repeated operation of the method, indicating that the recovery times were increased and the recovery time was prolonged to sufficiently recover the catalyst activity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an activation method and application of a fuel cell membrane electrode, wherein the membrane electrode performance tends to be stable after 6 times of activation is repeatedly executed, so that the purpose of quick and efficient activation is achieved.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the activation method of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: introducing a cathode fuel gas and an anode fuel gas into the fuel cell, addingCarrying to a current density set value of 1 to carry out first balanced discharge, and then reducing the load to 0mA/cm2(namely, in an open circuit state), and then the current density is loaded to a current density set value 1 to carry out secondary balance discharge;
s2: the load is reduced to the current density set value 2 to carry out third-time balance discharge, the introduction of cathode fuel gas is stopped, the introduction of anode fuel gas is kept, and fourth-time balance discharge is continued;
s3: the load is reduced to 0mA/cm2Then, the cathode fuel gas is introduced again to carry out fifth balanced discharge, the cathode fuel gas is loaded to the current density set value 2 to carry out sixth balanced discharge, and then the cathode fuel gas is loaded to the current density set value 1 to carry out seventh balanced discharge, and one round of activation is finished;
s4: the steps S2 and S3 are repeated a plurality of times to perform a plurality of rounds of activation. In the method, one round of activation is carried out for seven times of balanced discharge, and the balance is still needed for a period of time after the seventh balanced discharge returns to the set value 1 of the load current density.
Preferably, the current density set value 1 is 1300-1700 mA/cm2. Further preferably, the current density set point 1 is 1500mA/cm2。
Preferably, the current density set value 2 is 400-600 mA/cm2. Further preferably, the current density set point 2 is 500mA/cm2。
Preferably, the activation temperature of the battery is 60-80 ℃.
Preferably, the surface pressure of the cathode fuel gas is 60 to 100kpa (g), and the surface pressure of the anode fuel gas is 60 to 100kpa (g).
Preferably, the cathode fuel gas contains water vapor, the humidity of the cathode fuel gas is saturated humidity, the anode fuel gas contains water vapor, and the humidity of the anode fuel gas is saturated humidity.
Preferably, the anode fuel gas is hydrogen gas, and the cathode fuel gas is air.
Preferably, in step S1, the time of the first balance discharge is 15-60 min, and the time of the second balance discharge is 3-10 min. Further preferably, the time of the first equilibrium discharge is 30min, and the time of the second equilibrium discharge is 5 min.
Preferably, in step S2, the time of the third equilibrium discharge is 0.5-1.5 min, and the time of the fourth equilibrium discharge is 5-15S. Further preferably, the time of the third equilibrium discharge is 1min, and the time of the fourth equilibrium discharge is 10 s.
Preferably, in step S3, the time of the fifth time of the equilibrium discharge is 10 to 20S, the time of the sixth time of the equilibrium discharge is 0.5 to 1.5min, and the time of the seventh time of the equilibrium discharge is 3 to 10 min. Further preferably, the time of the fifth equilibrium discharge is 15s, the time of the sixth equilibrium discharge is 1min, and the time of the seventh equilibrium discharge is 5 min. The time of the sixth equilibrium discharge coincides with the time of the third equilibrium discharge, and both are balanced at the current density set value 2, and the time of the seventh equilibrium discharge coincides with the time of the second equilibrium discharge, and both are balanced at the current density set value 1. Before the air supply is resumed, the load current needs to be reduced to an open circuit, because if the air is supplied directly without reducing the load, a current overshoot condition occurs and the risk of damage to the MEA is greatly increased.
The application of the activation method in recovering the catalytic activity and the battery performance of the degraded fuel cell. The specific steps are not changed, but the fuel cell is replaced with a deteriorated fuel cell.
The fuel cell is generally formed by connecting a plurality of single cells in series, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, so as to generate electricity in total to meet the use requirement. Each single cell comprises a cathode gas flow field and an anode gas flow field and a membrane electrode assembly MEA, air and anode fuel gas are respectively conveyed to a gas diffusion layer through the flow fields at the two sides of the cathode and the anode of the membrane electrode, and the gas diffusion layer is a porous material such as: the carbon cloth and the carbon paper can further diffuse gas to the surface of the catalytic layer, and oxidation-reduction reaction is carried out under the action of the catalyst, so that current is generated, and specific electrode reactions are as follows:
anodic hydrogen oxidation reaction 2H2→4H++4e-(a)
Cathodic oxygen reduction reaction 4H++4e-+O2→2H2O(b)。
The specific process of the invention is as follows: firstly, hydrogen and air with saturated humidity are introduced, a proton membrane is humidified by one-time alternating current forced activation, a fuel cell is subjected to one round of high-low pressure circulation in a load-reducing current mode, various medium channels are built in the membrane electrode, a better internal environment is provided for the membrane electrode, simultaneously, the active points of a catalyst can be efficiently activated by voltage circulation, then after a certain current point (the current is equal to a current density set value 2) is balanced for a period of time, the air supply is stopped to keep the hydrogen supply, meanwhile, the load is kept unchanged to continuously provide current, so that the air of a cathode is gradually consumed, the specific reaction is shown in reaction formulas (a) and (b), as the air supply is stopped, the air remained in the cathode is quickly consumed, the voltage of the fuel cell is reduced to 0V, and when the residual air is continuously applied to the load after being consumed, the hydrogen generation reaction occurs without oxygen on the cathode side participating in the reduction reaction, as shown in equation (c):
cathodic hydrogen generation reaction 4H++4e-→2H2(c)，
The hydrogen gas at the anode is decomposed into protons and electrons, and the protons and the electrons are transferred to the cathode through a proton exchange membrane and an external circuit respectively, and are combined again at the cathode side to produce the hydrogen gas, and the hydrogen protons and the electrons are recombined to generate hydrogen because the oxygen gas is consumed, so the process is called as a hydrogen pump effect, the oxide on the surface of the cathode catalyst can be reduced, and the aim of improving the activity of the catalyst is fulfilled. And then the load is loaded to high current, so that the activation effect of the established medium channel can be further enhanced, and on the other hand, a large amount of liquid water is generated under the high current, so that impurities dissociated from the catalyst in the process can be brought out of the battery pack, and the performance of the battery pack is optimized.
The whole process is operated in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and the environment has better effect on activation or performance recovery. Repeatedly performing activation operation to improve activation effect, if the performance amplitude is large, such as more than 10mV, after one round of activation, continuing to increase the subsequent activation operation, lowering the current to the current density set value 2, stopping air supply, keeping the load constant for about 10s, and lowering the load current to 0mA/cm2And re-supplying gas, gradually recovering the current to the current density set value 1 after the gas is operated for 15s in an open circuit state, and repeating the operation. Whether for the activation of a new MEA or the performance repair of a deteriorated MEA, it is usually necessary to repeat the operation of shutting off the gas and supplying the gas about 4 to 6 times.
When the operation method is adopted to activate the fuel cell, the membrane electrode performance is generally stable after the membrane electrode performance is repeatedly activated for 4-6 times, so that the activation time of the whole fuel cell can be controlled within 2h, the purpose of quick and efficient activation is achieved, and the activation method can also be used for recovering the catalytic activity of the degraded fuel cell and the performance of a battery pack. The method can automatically finish the operation without man-made intervention in midway on a test board or a system, thereby greatly reducing the execution time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operating principle of a fuel cell;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure and operation of a membrane electrode assembly in a fuel cell;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the activation operation load operation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of voltage change during activation;
FIG. 5 is a graph of performance improvement after multiple activations of a battery pack;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing I-V characteristic variations;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing a comparison of I-V characteristics before and after repair of a deteriorated battery;
fig. 8 is a diagram showing the change in performance of the rated point before and after the repair of the deteriorated battery.
In the figure: 1-an anode; 2-a cathode; 3-an electrolyte; 4-gas diffusion layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
The activation method of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: introducing cathode fuel gas and anode fuel gas into the fuel cell, loading to a current density set value 1 for carrying out first-time balance discharge, and then reducing the load to 0mA/cm2Then, the current is loaded to a current density set value 1 to carry out secondary balance discharge;
s2: the load is reduced to the current density set value 2 to carry out third-time balance discharge, the introduction of cathode fuel gas is stopped, the introduction of anode fuel gas is kept, and fourth-time balance discharge is continued;
s3: the load is reduced to 0mA/cm2Introducing the cathode fuel gas again, performing fifth balanced discharge, loading to a current density set value 2 for sixth balanced discharge, then loading to a current density set value 1 for seventh balanced discharge, and ending one round of activation;
s4: the steps S2 and S3 are repeated a plurality of times to perform a plurality of rounds of activation.
Wherein the current density setting value 1 is 1300-1700 mA/cm2The current density setting value 2 is 400-600 mA/cm2The activation temperature is 60-80 ℃, the surface pressure of the cathode fuel gas is 60-100 kpa (g), the surface pressure of the anode fuel gas is 60-100 kpa (g), the humidity of the cathode fuel gas is saturated humidity, the humidity of the anode fuel gas is saturated humidity, the anode fuel gas adopts hydrogen, the cathode fuel gas adopts air (or oxygen can be directly adopted), in step S1, the time of first-time balanced discharge is 15-60 min, the time of second-time balanced discharge is 3-10 min, in step S2, the time of third-time balanced discharge is 0.5-1.5 min, the time of fourth-time balanced discharge is 5-15S, in step S3, the time of fifth-time balanced discharge is 10-20S, the time of sixth-time balanced discharge is 0.5-1.5 min, and the time of seventh-time balanced discharge is 3-10 min.
Examples
The activation method of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: introducing hydrogen and air into the fuel cell, and loading the hydrogen and air to a current density set value of 1(1500 mA/cm)2) Carrying out 30min balance discharge, and then reducing the load to 0mA/cm2And then the current is loaded to a set value of current density 1(1500 mA/cm)2) Carrying out 5min balance discharge;
s2: the load is reduced to the current density set value of 2(500 mA/cm)2) Carrying out 1min of balance discharge, stopping introducing cathodeThe fuel gas is kept introduced into the anode, and the balance discharge is continued for 10 s;
s3: load reduction to 0mA/cm2Then, the cathode fuel gas was again introduced to carry out a 15-s equilibrium discharge, and the current density was set to 2(500 mA/cm)2) Carrying out 1min balance discharge, and then loading to a current density set value of 1(1500 mA/cm)2) Continuing to perform balance discharge for 5min, and finishing one round of activation;
s4: the steps S2 and S3 are repeated six times.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the operation of the load during the activation operation of the present example, and it can be seen that the current density is changed from 0mA/cm at an open circuit2Loaded to a relatively high electrical density point (i.e., current density point) (1500 mA/cm)2) Then the load is reduced to 0mA/cm2This load reduction, accompanied by voltage cycling, activates the catalytic activity of the catalyst, followed by an intermediate current density point (500 mA/cm)2) Performing air-break operation, quickly reducing voltage to below 0.1V after stopping air supply, waiting for about 10s to reduce load to 0mA/cm2This process then has a hydrogen pumping effect, only if the load will be 0mA/cm2Then, the step of re-supplying gas can effectively prevent current overshoot, reduce damage to the membrane electrode, and then pull the load to a high-density point (1500 mA/cm)2). The whole process combines the activation modes of loading and unloading activation and air cut-off, and the activation effect on the fuel cell is improved.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the voltage variation in the activation process of the present embodiment, which illustrates the voltage variation in the activation process without paying attention to the relationship with time. The abscissa is the run time and the ordinate is the average voltage of a 20-node short stack. It can be seen that the ventilation voltage initially rises sharply to an open circuit state, then gradually decreases with increasing load current, after a load-down cycle at about 500mA/cm2The air supply is stopped, and at the same time, the air in the fuel cell cavity is quickly consumed, so that the voltage performance is sharply reduced to be below 0.1V, and the current density is reduced to be 0mA/cm2Supplying air again, waiting for about 15s, and supplying electricity due to the oxygen and hydrogen respectively fed to the cathode and anodeThe pressure is quickly restored to the open circuit state and then gradually returns to the high electric density point, and the activation effect of the MEA is compared with the activation effect of the circulation operation of stopping/supplying air in the previous cycle.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the change in performance of the battery pack after a plurality of activations according to the present embodiment. In this example, the above-described air cut/supply cycle was repeated 6 times, comparing to 1500mA/cm after each air supply recovery2Voltage of the electrical point. It can be seen from the figure that with the increase of the activation times, the performance of the voltage is obviously improved after the first 4 times of activation, and the performance amplitude is about 2mV after the 5 th time and the 6 th time, which means that the performance increase gradually tends to be stable, and the result shows that the 4 times of execution of the activation mode can basically enable the membrane electrode to achieve a better output performance, and meanwhile, the operation time of the 6 times of activation can be basically controlled to be about 2 hours, so that the rapid and efficient activation effect is achieved.
In this example, an additional set of membrane electrode samples were assembled into a 20-fuel cell for IV performance testing. As shown in fig. 6, which is an IV characteristic variation diagram according to the present embodiment, the abscissa is the current density and the ordinate is the average output voltage of the fuel cell. According to the embodiment, the load-up and load-down operations are performed first, and then the cycling operations of stopping the air supply, reducing the load to 0A and starting the air supply are performed repeatedly, the IV performance characterization is performed after the 2 nd cycle and after the 4 th cycle, respectively, as shown in the result of FIG. 6, the voltage performance after the 4 cycles is higher than that after the 2 cycles under the same current density, and the voltage performance is 800mA/cm2The following properties are taken as examples, the performance at the current density after 2 times of activation is 0.532V, the performance at the current density after 4 times of activation is 0.582V, and the voltage is increased by about 50mV, which shows that the output performance of the IV test can be effectively improved by the repeated activation mode of stopping gas and supplying gas.
In the present invention, the load is reduced to 0mA/cm between the stop of the air supply and the resumption of the air supply2The operation of the system not only can ensure that the whole process can be continuously executed on a test bench or a system, saves resources consumed in midway, but also can reduce the leakage of the membrane electrodeAnd the durability of the fuel cell product is improved.
On the other hand, the performance output of the fuel cell can be obviously improved through the operation process of loading and unloading, stopping air supply, continuously applying load, reducing the load to 0 and re-supplying air, meanwhile, the time can be controlled within 10min through the single cycle process of stopping/supplying air each time, the output performance of the membrane electrode tends to be stable after the membrane electrode is repeatedly activated for 6 times, so that the activation time of the whole fuel cell can be controlled within 2h, and the aim of quick and efficient activation is fulfilled.
The embodiment also provides the application of the activation method in recovering the catalytic activity and the battery performance of the deteriorated fuel cell. The method specifically comprises the following steps: taking a fuel cell, testing the initial output performance of the fuel cell to be 0.646V @1.3mA/cm2After long-time operation and storage, the performance is re-calibrated to be 0.605V @1.3mA/cm2After 4 times of activation by the activation method, the performance is recovered to 0.63V @1.3mA/cm2As shown in fig. 7 and 8. FIG. 7 shows the results of the IV curve of this example, with voltage on the ordinate and current density on the abscissa; fig. 8 is a comparison of performance change at the rated point, with voltage on the ordinate and battery state on the abscissa. According to the embodiment, the initial performance of the battery is better and is 0.646V @1.3mA/cm2When the catalyst is stored for a long time, the power generation performance is deteriorated due to the pollution, oxidation, agglomeration and the like of the catalyst, and the performance attenuation is 0.605V @1.3mA/cm2The performance is obviously improved after the repairing by the activation mode, and is increased by about 25mV, namely 0.63V @1.3mA/cm2The result shows that the activation method can effectively recover the reversible attenuation caused by factors such as oxidation, impurities and the like in the running process of the battery.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The activation method of the fuel cell membrane electrode is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s1: introducing cathode fuel gas and anode fuel gas into the fuel cell, loading to a current density set value 1 for carrying out first-time balance discharge, and then reducing the load to 0mA/cm2Then, the current is loaded to a current density set value 1 to carry out secondary balance discharge;
s2: the load is reduced to the current density set value 2 to carry out third-time balance discharge, then the introduction of cathode fuel gas is stopped, the introduction of anode fuel gas is kept, and fourth-time balance discharge is continued;
s3: the load is reduced to 0mA/cm2Introducing the cathode fuel gas again, performing fifth balanced discharge, loading to a current density set value 2 for sixth balanced discharge, then loading to a current density set value 1 for seventh balanced discharge, and ending one round of activation;
s4: the steps S2 and S3 are repeated a plurality of times to perform a plurality of rounds of activation.
2. The method for activating a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the current density set value 1 is 1300 to 1700mA/cm2。
3. The method for activating a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the current density set value 2 is 400 to 600mA/cm2。
4. The method for activating a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the activation temperature of the cell is 60 to 80 ℃.
5. The method for activating a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the cathode fuel gas has a gauge pressure of 60 to 100kpa, and the anode fuel gas has a gauge pressure of 60 to 100 kpa.
6. The method of activating a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly according to claim 1, wherein the humidity of the cathode fuel gas is saturated humidity, and the humidity of the anode fuel gas is saturated humidity.
7. The method for activating a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the time for the first time of the equilibrium discharge is 15-60 min, and the time for the second time of the equilibrium discharge is 3-10 min.
8. The method for activating a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the time for the third time of the equilibrium discharge is 0.5-1.5 min, and the time for the fourth time of the equilibrium discharge is 5-15S.
9. The method for activating a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the time for the fifth time of the equilibrium discharge is 10-20S, the time for the sixth time of the equilibrium discharge is 0.5-1.5 min, and the time for the seventh time of the equilibrium discharge is 3-10 min.
10. Use of an activation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for restoring catalytic activity and stack performance of a deteriorated fuel cell.
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