CN113594503B - Rapid activation method of fuel cell stack - Google Patents
Rapid activation method of fuel cell stack Download PDFInfo
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- CN113594503B CN113594503B CN202111142543.3A CN202111142543A CN113594503B CN 113594503 B CN113594503 B CN 113594503B CN 202111142543 A CN202111142543 A CN 202111142543A CN 113594503 B CN113594503 B CN 113594503B
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- cell stack
- fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
- H01M8/04873—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
- H01M8/0488—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04949—Electric variables other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
- H01M8/04952—Electric variables other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid activation method of a fuel cell stack, which is characterized in that humidified hydrogen and air are respectively introduced into an anode and a cathode of a fuel cell, the stack is rapidly lifted and lowered through an electronic load, the gas flow of the cathode and the anode is changed along with the current, the catalyst layer structure is optimized, a channel which is beneficial to the transmission of water and gas is constructed, a constant-current dense heavy-current discharge reaction is carried out, the diffusion of water generated by the reaction is carried out, the hydration degree of an ionomer is improved, the internal resistance of the stack is reduced, and the proton conduction impedance of the catalyst layer is also reduced. The invention improves the three-phase reaction area of the catalyst, and further obviously improves the activity and the utilization rate of the catalyst, thereby leading the cell stack to achieve the best working performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell stack activation, in particular to a rapid activation method of a fuel cell stack.
Background
A fuel cell is a chemical device that directly converts chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy, and is also called an electrochemical generator. It is a fourth power generation technology following hydroelectric power generation, thermal power generation and atomic power generation. The fuel cell converts the Gibbs free energy in the chemical energy of the fuel into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, and has high efficiency without limitation of Carnot cycle effect. It follows that fuel cells are the most promising power generation technology from the viewpoint of energy conservation and ecological environment conservation.
In order to allow the fuel cell stack to exhibit optimum performance under operating conditions, it is necessary to activate a newly manufactured or degraded fuel cell stack after a long time. The existing activation technologies are mostly constant-current activation and constant-voltage activation, the activation time is longer, usually more than 12h, the hydrogen consumption is large, the energy waste is more, the activation method is harsh, the safety of the cell stack can not be ensured, the activation methods of single-section stacks or small-power cell stacks are mostly the activation methods, the process is complex, the activation method of the large-power cell stack suitable for industrial production is rare, and the requirements in practical use can not be met, so that an improved technology is urgently needed in the market to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the existing defects, and provide a rapid activation method of a fuel cell stack, which improves the hydration degree of an ionomer, not only reduces the internal resistance of the cell stack, but also reduces the proton conduction impedance of a catalyst layer, and improves the three-phase reaction area of the catalyst, so that the activity and the utilization rate of the catalyst are obviously improved, thereby the cell stack achieves the best working performance, and the problems in the background technology can be effectively solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for rapid activation of a fuel cell stack, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: placing the newly manufactured battery stack on an activation table, connecting an air passage and a water passage pipeline, detecting the air tightness of the pipeline, and connecting a load line and CVM for inspection;
step two: introducing nitrogen into the cathode and the anode of the cell stack for purging;
step three: setting the working parameters of the cell stack: p (a/c) 100: 80kPa, Stoich (a/c) ═ 1.8: 2.5, Tcoolant inlet 70 ℃, DP (a/c) 60: 60 ℃;
step four: the load control selects a constant current mode, and the operation condition 1 is performed under the premise that the voltage of the single battery is not lower than 0.3V, and the current density is 200-21800mA/cm for one cycle of rapid variable load activation2The operation is carried out for 15min and at 200mA/cm2Running for 1min, running for 3min under other current densities, the loading rate being 10A/s, the load reduction rate being 20A/s, if the voltage of a single cell is lower than 0.3V at a certain electric density when the rapid variable load activation is carried out, and running condition 2, the current density is 200-00mA/cm2Quick load change activation is carried out by one cycle of peak current density, and the operation is carried out for 15min at the peak current density and at 200mA/cm2Running for 1min, running for 3min under other current densities, with a loading rate of 10A/s, a load reduction rate of 20A/s, and a peak current density of less than 1400mA/cm2Then the current density point is cut off to 1400mA/cm2Recording the average voltage U of the cell stack after the constant current with the highest current density is finished;
step five: and repeating the step four, and judging that the activation is complete when the voltage difference value delta U is not more than 5mV in the front and the back two rounds.
Further, the number of times of repeating the step four in the step five is set to be 2-4 times.
Furthermore, humidified hydrogen and air are respectively introduced into the anode and the cathode of the cell stack, and CVM inspection is set to be one-section one-inspection.
Furthermore, the electronic load in the step four carries out rapid lifting load on the cell stack, changes the gas flow of the cathode and the anode along with the current, optimizes the catalyst layer structure, constructs a channel beneficial to water and gas transmission, carries out constant current density and heavy current discharge reaction, and diffuses the reaction generated water, thereby improving the hydration degree of the ionomer, not only reducing the internal resistance of the cell stack, but also reducing the proton conduction impedance of the catalyst layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the rapid activation method of the fuel cell stack has the following advantages:
1. the invention has mild operation condition, can monitor the voltage of each single cell in real time, and effectively ensures the safety of the cell stack.
2. The invention controls the activation time within two hours, has high activation efficiency and low energy consumption.
3. According to the invention, under two circulation working conditions, the gas flow of the cathode and the anode is rapidly changed through the change of the current and the potential of the monocell is circulated, so that impurities blocking pores in the gas diffusion layer and impurities on the surface of the catalyst are removed, a channel beneficial to water and gas transmission is constructed, and the active reaction point position of the catalyst is increased.
4. The method has simple process and convenient implementation, is suitable for activating the cell stacks at various power levels, and also meets the requirement of industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a 30-fuel cell stack rapid activation process according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram of a 290-fuel cell stack rapid activation process according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
The fast activation of a newly assembled 30-fuel cell stack is carried out by the following steps:
placing a newly assembled 30-section fuel cell stack on an activation table, connecting a gas path and a water path pipeline, detecting the gas tightness of the pipeline, connecting a load line and CVM (constant voltage metal-oxide-semiconductor) inspection, and inspecting the CVM one section by one section;
step two, introducing 60L/min nitrogen (not humidified) into the anode of the cell stack, introducing 160L/min nitrogen (not humidified) into the cathode of the cell stack, and purging for 10 min;
step three, setting the working parameters of the cell stack: p (a/c) 100: 80kPa, Stoich (a/c) ═ 1.8: 2.5, Tcoolant inlet 70 ℃, DP (a/c) 60: the flow rate of the cooling liquid is 25L/min at the temperature of 60 ℃, and the back pressure of the water cavity is 70 kPa;
step four, the load control selects a constant current mode, and the current is set to be 500mA/cm2The constant current is operated until the working parameters of the cell stack are stable;
step five, operating the working condition 1, and recording a voltage value U1 which is 0.610V;
step six, repeatedly operating the working condition 1, and recording the voltage value U2 to be 0.611V;
seventhly, judging that the activation of the cell stack is complete when the voltage difference value delta U between the front wheel and the rear wheel is U2-U1, 0.001V is less than or equal to 5 mV;
and step eight, stopping the machine for purging.
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a 30-segment fuel cell stack rapid activation process, which shows that the stack performance under the same electrical density in the second round is greatly improved compared with the first round.
Example two
The rapid activation of a newly assembled 290-section fuel cell stack is carried out by the following steps:
placing a newly assembled 290-section fuel cell stack on an activation table, connecting a gas path and a water path pipeline, detecting the gas tightness of the pipeline, connecting a load line and CVM (constant voltage mass spectrometer) inspection, and performing one-section inspection and one-section inspection on the CVM inspection;
step two, introducing 100L/min nitrogen (not humidified) into the anode of the cell stack, introducing 500L/min nitrogen (not humidified) into the cathode of the cell stack, and purging for 10 min;
step three, setting the working parameters of the cell stack: p (a/c) 100: 80kPa, Stoich (a/c) ═ 1.8: 2.5, Tcoolant inlet 70 ℃, DP (a/c) 60: the flow rate of the cooling liquid is 170L/min at 60 ℃, and the pressure of the water cavity is 70 kPa;
step four, the load control selects a constant current mode, and the current is set to be 500mA/cm2The constant current is operated until the working parameters of the cell stack are stable;
step five, operating the working condition 2, and obtaining the peak current density of 1600mA/cm2Recording voltage value U1 ═ 1.254V;
step six, repeatedly operating the working condition 2, and recording the voltage value U2 as 1.251V;
seventhly, judging that the activation of the cell stack is complete when the voltage difference value delta U between the front wheel and the rear wheel is U2-U1-0.003V which is less than or equal to 10mV (two sections);
and step eight, stopping the machine for purging.
Fig. 2 is a graph of a 290-section fuel cell stack rapid activation process, which shows that the performance of the stack under the same electric density in the second round is greatly improved compared with the first round.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A method for rapidly activating a fuel cell stack, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: placing the newly manufactured battery stack on an activation table, connecting an air passage and a water passage pipeline, detecting the air tightness of the pipeline, and connecting a load line and CVM for inspection;
step two: introducing nitrogen into the cathode and the anode of the cell stack for purging;
step three: setting the working parameters of the cell stack: p (a/c) 100: 80kPa, Stoich (a/c) ═ 1.8: 2.5, Tcoolant inlet 70 ℃, DP (a/c) 60: 60 ℃;
step four: the load control selects a constant current mode, and the operation condition 1 is performed under the premise that the voltage of the single battery is not lower than 0.3V, and the current density is 200-21800mA/cm for one cycle of rapid variable load activation2The operation is carried out for 15min and at 200mA/cm2Running for 1min, running for 3min under other current densities, the loading rate being 10A/s, the load reduction rate being 20A/s, if the voltage of a single cell is lower than 0.3V at a certain electric density when the rapid load change activation is carried out, and running condition 2, the current density is 200-2Quick load change activation is carried out by one cycle of peak current density, and the operation is carried out for 15min at the peak current density and at 200mA/cm2Running for 1min, running for 3min under other current densities, with a loading rate of 10A/s, a load reduction rate of 20A/s, and a peak current density of less than 1400mA/cm2Then the current density point is cut off to 1400mA/cm2Recording the average voltage U of the cell stack after the constant current with the highest current density is finished;
step five: and repeating the step four, and judging that the activation is complete when the voltage difference value delta U is not more than 5mV in the front and the back two rounds.
2. A method for rapidly activating a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein: and in the fifth step, the number of times of repeating the fourth step is set to be 2-4 times.
3. A method for rapidly activating a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein: step one, humidified hydrogen and air are respectively introduced into the anode and the cathode of the cell stack, and CVM inspection is set to be one-by-one inspection.
4. A method for rapidly activating a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein: and step four, the electronic load carries out rapid lifting loading on the cell stack, changes the gas flow of the cathode and the anode along with the current, optimizes the catalyst layer structure and constructs a channel beneficial to water and gas transmission.
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