CN111769309A - Rapid activation method for fuel cell - Google Patents
Rapid activation method for fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN111769309A CN111769309A CN202010577535.0A CN202010577535A CN111769309A CN 111769309 A CN111769309 A CN 111769309A CN 202010577535 A CN202010577535 A CN 202010577535A CN 111769309 A CN111769309 A CN 111769309A
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- fuel cell
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- hydrogen
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 80
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020411 cell activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly activating a fuel cell, which comprises the following steps: checking the airtightness of the fuel cell; connecting a fuel cell with a direct current power supply, introducing wet hydrogen into the anode of the fuel cell, and introducing distilled water which plays a role in wetting a proton exchange membrane into the cathode of the fuel cell; and switching on a direct current power supply, and regulating current through the direct current power supply to enable certain current to pass through the fuel cell. After the hydrogen is subjected to oxidation reaction on the anode catalyst layer, protons and electrons are respectively conducted to the cathode catalyst layer from the proton exchange membrane and an external circuit, and the proton exchange membrane and the electrons are combined again to generate hydrogen dissociation voltage which is less than 0.1V for activation under the condition of undissociated hydrogen, so that an oxide film of platinum is efficiently removed in a reducing environment, and the activity of the catalyst is improved; the current density range of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack loaded in the activation process is only 10 mA/cm-500 mA/cm, so that the energy consumption and the activation cost are reduced; the whole activation process is about 1.5 h, the activation time is shortened, and the activation efficiency is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a method for quickly activating a fuel cell.
Technical Field
The fuel cell is a power generation device which directly converts chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, has the advantages of high power density, no pollution, low noise and the like, and has wide application prospect. Fuel cells can be classified into proton exchange membrane fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells, alkaline fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, molten salt fuel cells, microbial fuel cells, and the like.
When the fuel cell stack is operated, an electrochemical reaction occurs inside the fuel cell stack. Take Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) as an example. With hydrogen as fuel, the electrode reaction of the PEMFC is as follows:
anode: h2→2H++2e-
Cathode: antibody of formula (I)2+2H++2e-→H2O
As can be seen from the electrode reaction, the anode reaction gas hydrogen was passed into the anode flow channel in the PEMFC. After the reaction gas is introduced into the cell, the reaction gas is dissociated into protons and electrons under the action of the catalyst, the protons reach the cathode of the cell through the proton exchange membrane, and the electrons are collected by the collector plate to apply work to an external circuit; oxygen reaches the catalytic side surface of the cathode through the gas diffusion layer, and under the action of the catalyst, the oxygen, protons passing through the proton exchange membrane and external circuit electrons are combined to generate water, and a large amount of heat is released.
However, after the initial assembly of the cell is completed, the stack needs to be activated in advance under certain conditions, and the purpose of the activation is to improve the activity and utilization rate of the catalyst in the membrane electrode and to optimize the output performance of the PEMFC. The prior art fuel cell activation consists mainly of catalyst reaction acceleration, membrane hydration, electrical contact surface formation and three phase boundary formation.
The chinese patent publication No. CN109786789A discloses a fuel cell membrane electrode activation method and a polarization curve testing method, and the fuel cell membrane electrode activation method includes the following steps: s1: switching on a load of a fuel cell, introducing hydrogen to a cathode of the fuel cell, introducing combustion-supporting gas to an anode of the fuel cell, controlling the operation temperature of the anode to be 65-75 ℃, repeatedly and continuously and forcibly improving the output current of the fuel cell and reducing the output voltage of the fuel cell when the open-circuit voltage of a single fuel cell rises to 0.9-1V, controlling the minimum output voltage of the single fuel cell to be 0.2V-0.5V, keeping the minimum output voltage for 5-10 min, setting the output current of the fuel cell to be 0A for operation, and stopping the fuel cell for 1-5 min until the performance of the fuel cell does not show a rising trend any more; and S2, repeating the step S1 until the fuel cell is completely activated and reaches the peak performance, and finishing the activation of the fuel cell. Although the technical scheme of the invention is simple and convenient to operate, the problems of long time consumption and large energy consumption in the activation process of the fuel cell still cannot be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a method for quickly activating a fuel cell, which has short activation time, low energy consumption and high catalytic efficiency, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: checking the airtightness of the fuel cell;
step two: connecting a fuel cell with a direct current power supply, introducing wet hydrogen into the anode of the fuel cell, and introducing distilled water which plays a role in wetting a proton exchange membrane into the cathode of the fuel cell;
step three: and switching on a direct current power supply, and regulating current through the direct current power supply to enable certain current to pass through the fuel cell.
Preferably, the current applied to the fuel cell by the direct-current power supply enables the current density of the fuel cell to be 10-500 mA/cm.
Preferably, the activation time of the fuel cell is 40-100 min after the direct current power supply is switched on.
Preferably, the fuel cell is connected in series with the dc power supply.
Preferably, the operating temperature of the fuel cell is set to be 40-60 ℃.
Preferably, the relative humidity range of the wetted hydrogen is 60% -100%, and hydrogen with the metering ratio of 2-3 times is introduced.
Preferably, when the fuel cell is stopped, nitrogen is introduced into the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell for purging.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) after the hydrogen is subjected to oxidation reaction on the anode catalyst layer, protons and electrons are respectively conducted to the cathode catalyst layer from the proton exchange membrane and the external circuit, and the proton exchange membrane and the electrons are combined again to generate hydrogen dissociation voltage which is less than 0.1V for activation under the condition of undissociated hydrogen, so that the platinum oxide film is removed more efficiently in a reducing environment, and the activity of the catalyst is improved;
(2) the current density range of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack loaded in the activation process is only 10 mA/cm2-500 mA/cm, so that only a small amount of hydrogen is needed, the energy consumption is less, and the activation cost is remarkably reduced;
(3) according to the method for quickly activating the fuel cell, the whole activation process can be completed within about 1.5 h, so that the activation time is greatly shortened, and the activation efficiency is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing CV curves of fuel cells obtained by different activation methods;
fig. 2 is a comparison graph of performance test curves of fuel cells obtained by different activation methods.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
Example 1
The area of the embodiment of the invention is 25 cm2The monocell is an experimental object and is activated, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: checking the air tightness of the fuel cell, and setting the working temperature of the fuel cell to be 50 ℃;
step two: connecting a fuel cell with a direct current power supply, introducing wet hydrogen into the anode of the fuel cell, and introducing distilled water which plays a role in wetting a proton exchange membrane into the cathode of the fuel cell; the relative humidity range of the wet hydrogen is 70%, and hydrogen with the metering ratio of 3 times is introduced.
Step three: and switching on a direct current power supply, and regulating current through the direct current power supply to enable certain current to pass through the fuel cell.
The current applied by the direct-current power supply to the fuel cell is such that the current density of the fuel cell is 100 mA/cm.
After the direct current power supply is switched on, the fuel cell stably operates for 90 min.
The fuel cell is connected in series with the DC power supply.
When the fuel cell is stopped, nitrogen is introduced into the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell for purging.
Cyclic voltammograms refer to the plot of current versus potential resulting from a cyclic sweep of potential at a sweep rate between a fixed maximum and minimum potential depending on the nature of the material.
CV curve test conditions are as follows:
performing cyclic voltammetry curve (CV curve) test on the single cells after the activation treatment: before testing, the fuel cell is purged with nitrogen until the open circuit voltage is about 0.1V, the potential sweep range is 0-1.0V, and the sweep rate is 50 mV/s. The test was carried out three times. The resulting CV curve is shown in FIG. 1. The curves of the three tests almost coincide, and the performance of the activated single-cell catalyst is stable.
Example 2
The active area of 30 tablets is 150 cm2The method is characterized in that a cell stack formed by single cells is used as an activation object, and the cell stack is rapidly activated, and the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: checking the air tightness of the fuel cell, and setting the working temperature of the fuel cell to be 45 ℃;
step two: connecting a fuel cell with a direct current power supply, introducing wet hydrogen into the anode of the fuel cell, and introducing distilled water which plays a role in wetting a proton exchange membrane into the cathode of the fuel cell; the relative humidity range of the wet hydrogen is 85 percent, and hydrogen with the metering ratio of 2 times is introduced.
Step three: and switching on a direct current power supply, and regulating current through the direct current power supply to enable certain current to pass through the fuel cell.
The current applied by the direct-current power supply to the fuel cell makes the current density of the fuel cell 350 mA/cm.
After the direct current power supply is switched on, the fuel cell stably operates for 90 min.
The fuel cell is connected in series with the DC power supply.
When the fuel cell is stopped, nitrogen is introduced into the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell for purging.
The performance comparison test is carried out on the cell stacks before and after activation, the open-circuit potential is measured to be 0.656V under specific operating conditions, a 'linear scanning' function is selected, the following initial potential =0.656V, the termination point is 0V, the scanning speed is 0.001V/s, the rest time is 2s, and the performance comparison graph of the cell stack formed by 30 single fuel cells before activation and after activation by adopting the activation conditions is shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that the performance of the cell stack is obviously improved and the output power is increased at the later stage of activation.
Claims (7)
1. A method of rapid activation of a fuel cell comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: checking the airtightness of the fuel cell;
step two: connecting a fuel cell with a direct current power supply, introducing wet hydrogen into the anode of the fuel cell, and introducing distilled water which plays a role in wetting a proton exchange membrane into the cathode of the fuel cell;
step three: and switching on a direct current power supply, and regulating current through the direct current power supply to enable certain current to pass through the fuel cell.
2. The method for rapid activation of a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the current applied by the direct-current power supply to the fuel cell enables the current density of the fuel cell to be 10-500 mA/cm.
3. The method for rapid activation of a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: and after the direct current power supply is switched on, the activation time of the fuel cell is 40-100 min.
4. The method for rapid activation of a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fuel cell is connected in series with the DC power supply.
5. The method for rapid activation of a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the working temperature of the fuel cell is 40-60 ℃.
6. The method for rapid activation of a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the relative humidity range of the wetted hydrogen is 60% -100%, and hydrogen with the metering ratio of 2-3 times is introduced.
7. The method for rapid activation of a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the fuel cell is stopped, nitrogen is introduced to purge the anode and the cathode.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010577535.0A CN111769309A (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2020-06-23 | Rapid activation method for fuel cell |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010577535.0A CN111769309A (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2020-06-23 | Rapid activation method for fuel cell |
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| CN111769309A true CN111769309A (en) | 2020-10-13 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112834930A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-05-25 | 清华大学 | Fuel cell membrane electrode parameter measuring method and device based on potential scanning |
| CN113224353A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-06 | 张家口市氢能科技有限公司 | Quick activation method and device for hydrogen fuel cell |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101098009A (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-01-02 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Method for activating membrane electrode of fuel cell |
| CN101150199A (en) * | 2007-10-11 | 2008-03-26 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Self-generated nitrogen blowing and cleaning system for protective fuel battery car engine |
| CN108232243A (en) * | 2016-12-10 | 2018-06-29 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | The activation method of one proton exchanging film fuel battery |
| CN109921066A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2019-06-21 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | The low-temperature start method of one proton exchanging film fuel battery |
-
2020
- 2020-06-23 CN CN202010577535.0A patent/CN111769309A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101098009A (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-01-02 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Method for activating membrane electrode of fuel cell |
| CN101150199A (en) * | 2007-10-11 | 2008-03-26 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Self-generated nitrogen blowing and cleaning system for protective fuel battery car engine |
| CN108232243A (en) * | 2016-12-10 | 2018-06-29 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | The activation method of one proton exchanging film fuel battery |
| CN109921066A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2019-06-21 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | The low-temperature start method of one proton exchanging film fuel battery |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112834930A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-05-25 | 清华大学 | Fuel cell membrane electrode parameter measuring method and device based on potential scanning |
| CN113224353A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-06 | 张家口市氢能科技有限公司 | Quick activation method and device for hydrogen fuel cell |
| CN113224353B (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2022-07-22 | 张家口市氢能科技有限公司 | Quick activation method and device for hydrogen fuel cell |
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Application publication date: 20201013 |