CN115805388A - Flux-cored brazing filler metal with visible flux core and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Flux-cored brazing filler metal with visible flux core and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115805388A CN115805388A CN202211584491.XA CN202211584491A CN115805388A CN 115805388 A CN115805388 A CN 115805388A CN 202211584491 A CN202211584491 A CN 202211584491A CN 115805388 A CN115805388 A CN 115805388A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of brazing materials, and particularly relates to a flux-cored brazing filler metal with a visible flux core and a preparation method thereof. The flux-cored brazing filler metal with visible flux cores comprises flux cores, metal brazing filler metal and a nano transparent film; the metal brazing filler metal is provided with a groove, and a flux core formed by brazing flux is filled in the groove; the drug core is visible to the naked eye; the transparent nano film is used for coating the notches of the grooves, and the nano transparent film mainly comprises hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide and a coating material. In the flux-cored brazing filler metal, the flux cores are visible, the continuity degree of the flux cores can be visually judged, the occurrence of welding defects can be reduced, and the strength of a welding joint can be effectively improved by coating the flux-cored brazing filler metal with the nano transparent film, so that the flux-cored brazing filler metal is suitable for being applied to the field of brazing materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of brazing materials, and particularly relates to a flux-cored brazing filler metal with a visible flux core and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The flux-cored solder is a novel composite brazing material with brazing filler metal and soldering flux compounded into a whole, has the characteristics of simple brazing process, easy operation, no waste of the soldering flux and controllable dosage, can reduce the waste and pollution of the soldering flux, and meets the requirements of high-efficiency, high-quality and clean production, for example, chinese invention patents with patent numbers of ZL201510565404.X, ZL201780096225.3, ZL202010872468.5, ZL 202061043.2 and ZL202010927570.0 are all relevant researches on the flux-cored solder.
However, the following technical bottlenecks still exist in the existing flux-cored solder. Firstly, the flux cores of the existing flux-cored solder are all arranged in the metal of the solder, the continuity degree of the flux cores cannot be visually judged, and operators can easily introduce the solder parts with broken cores into welding spots to cause a large amount of welding defects; secondly, most of the flux cores of the existing flux-cored solder are added into solder metal by powdery soldering flux, and the powdery soldering flux contains a large amount of crystal water and is easy to absorb moisture, so that splashing and scalding accidents are easily caused in the welding process; finally, in the conventional preparation process of the conventional flux-cored solder, such as the flux-cored solder disclosed in the chinese patent with the publication number CN104907727B and the preparation method thereof, a solder metal needs to be prepared into a metal foil with a certain specification through a plurality of processes of smelting, extruding, rolling, slitting and the like, and then the metal foil is used for wrapping the solder powder to form the flux-cored solder through rolling and reducing, so that the preparation process is complex, the site is variable, and the production efficiency is low.
In order to solve the defects, the development of a flux-cored brazing filler metal with visible flux cores and a matched efficient continuous production method thereof is urgently needed, so that the visual judgment of the flux cores can be realized, the welding defects can be avoided, the splashing and scalding accidents caused by the evaporation of the crystal water of the powdery brazing filler metal can be inhibited, and the production efficiency can be effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a flux core brazing filler metal with a visible flux core, which realizes visualization of the flux core, and an operator can visually judge the continuity degree of the flux core, thereby reducing the occurrence of welding defects.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of a flux-cored solder with a visible flux core, which can realize high-efficiency continuous production of the visible flux-cored solder.
In order to achieve the purpose, the flux-cored solder with visible flux cores adopts the technical scheme that:
a flux core brazing filler metal with visible flux core comprises a flux core, a metal brazing filler metal and a nano transparent film; the metal brazing filler metal is provided with a groove, and a flux core formed by brazing flux is filled in the groove; the drug core is visible to the naked eye; the transparent nano film is used for coating the notches of the grooves, and the nano transparent film mainly comprises hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide and a coating material.
The flux-cored solder provided by the invention has the following advantages: firstly, the visualization of the drug core is realized by means of the coating process of a nano transparent film consisting of hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide and a coating material. And secondly, the nano silicon dioxide adopted in the nano transparent film is colorless, tasteless and nontoxic, has large specific surface area and great activity, can form a three-dimensional reticular framework in the coating, and enhances the toughness and strength of the transparent film. Thirdly, the nano transparent film is adopted, so that the moisture absorption and color change of the brazing filler metal can be inhibited, and meanwhile, in the brazing process, nano silicon dioxide particles can be dispersed and distributed in the welding line as a second phase, so that the strength of a welding joint is enhanced.
In the invention, the medicine core can adopt a common medicine core, and the visualization can be realized only by adopting the nano transparent film for coating. As a further preferred embodiment, the core is in a glassy state. The glassy flux core is embedded in the metal brazing filler metal, so that the splashing phenomenon in the welding process can be effectively inhibited.
The materials of the flux core and the metal solder are not specially limited, and visualization can be realized by adopting the arrangement of the nano transparent film. Preferably, the metal solder is a silver-based solder or a copper-based solder; the brazing flux powder is silver brazing flux or copper brazing flux; the flux-cored silver solder and the flux-cored copper solder can be respectively obtained by the solder and the soldering flux which are formed.
Further preferably, the coating material is at least one of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethyl methacrylate, and ethyl cellulose. By adopting the coating material, the coating material is green and environment-friendly, has no residue in the brazing process, and does not influence the brazing performance.
The invention does not specially limit the number and the shape of the medicine cores, and technicians can select the medicine cores according to the actual application requirements. Preferably, the number of the medicine cores is one or more; the cross section of the drug core is in one or more of a dovetail groove shape, an arc shape, an ellipse shape, a triangle shape and a trapezoid shape.
In the invention, the metal brazing filler metal is provided with a groove, the brazing flux is filled in the groove to form a flux core, and the transparent nano film is coated at least at the notch of the groove. The purpose of the coating notches was to prevent flux leakage from the grooves while observing the continuity of the flux filling in the grooves. In order to improve the convenience of operation, the nano transparent film preferably completely covers the notch of the groove and other areas on the surface of the metal solder.
Further, the thickness of the nano transparent film is 80-150 nm.
Based on the preparation efficiency of the nano transparent film and the coating uniformity of the transparent film, preferably, the nano transparent film is formed by mixing an ethanol solution of hydrophobic nano silica and an ethanol solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone, brushing and drying; or the nano transparent film is formed by mixing ethanol solution of hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide and acetone solution of polymethyl methacrylate, brushing and drying; or the nano transparent film is formed by mixing ethanol solution of hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide and ethanol solution of ethyl cellulose, brushing and drying.
Further, in order to reduce the influence of the nano transparent film component on the later brazing process, the alcohol solution of the hydrophobic nano silica preferably has a mass concentration of 2%; the mass concentration of the ethanol solution of the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 1%; the mass concentration of the acetone solution of the polymethyl methacrylate is 1 percent; the mass concentration of the ethyl alcohol solution of the ethyl cellulose is 1 percent; the mass ratio of the two liquids during the mixing is 1.
The preparation method of the flux-cored solder with visible flux cores adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of a flux-cored brazing filler metal with a visible flux core is characterized in that the flux-cored brazing filler metal with the visible flux core is integrally prepared mainly by a hot extrusion machine with a special-shaped extrusion die, a pressure injection needle tube, a brushing device, a drying device and a winding machine; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation work:
carrying out hot extrusion on the metal brazing filler metal cast ingot through a special-shaped extrusion die of a hot extrusion machine to obtain a brazing filler metal wire with a groove on the surface; then, the solder wire is sequentially passed through a brushing device and a drying device and then wound on a winding machine;
filling a nano transparent liquid into a brushing device; in addition, the soldering flux paste is filled into a pressure injection needle tube, the pressure injection needle tube is fixed at the wire outlet end of a heat extruder, and the needle tip of the needle tube is inserted into the groove of the soldering flux wire;
(2) And (3) start-up work:
and opening an air pressure switch of the pressure injection needle tube and a power supply of each device, uniformly and continuously filling the soldering flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube into the grooves on the soldering flux wires along with the wire discharge of the hot extruder, then executing the coating of the nano transparent film by the brushing device, executing the drying operation of the nano transparent film by the drying device, and finally winding by the winding machine to obtain the nano transparent film.
According to the preparation method of the flux-cored brazing filler metal with visible flux cores, provided by the invention, the metal brazing filler metal cast ingot is hot-extruded through the special-shaped extrusion die, so that the brazing filler metal wire with the flux-cored groove on the surface is obtained, and then the flux cores are visualized by means of coating of the nano transparent film. In the method, the soldering flux paste is automatically and continuously injected into the groove through the pressure injection needle tube controlled by air pressure, and the nano transparent film is obtained by brushing nano transparent liquid, so that the moisture absorption and color change of the solder metal can be inhibited, and meanwhile, the nano silicon dioxide particles in the soldering flux can be dispersed and distributed in the welding line as a second phase in the welding process, so that the strength of a welding joint is enhanced.
The preparation method of the flux-cored solder of the invention connects the working procedures of hot extrusion, soldering flux paste injection, nano transparent liquid brushing, film forming by drying, rolling and the like in series to form a whole set of automatic production line, thus realizing the high-efficiency production of the flux-cored solder.
Preferably, in the step (1), the soldering flux paste is prepared by adopting soldering flux and water, and the mass ratio of the soldering flux to the water is 6: 1-3. The paste soldering flux prepared by the proportion can ensure the continuity and the fluidity of subsequent injection.
Preferably, in the step (2), the die hole of the special-shaped extrusion die is matched with the shape of the solder wire with the groove on the surface, and the wire diameter of the hot solder wire is 1.5-3.0 mm.
In the invention, as a further preferable scheme, in the step (1), the solder wire passes through a heating device, then passes through a brushing device and a drying device in sequence, and finally is wound on a winding machine; in the step (2), after the soldering paste in the pressure injection needle is uniformly and continuously filled in the grooves on the soldering wire, the soldering wire is heated by a heating device to obtain a flux-cored vitrified soldering wire, then the coating device performs the coating of the nano transparent film, the drying device performs the drying operation of the nano transparent film, and finally the winding machine performs winding. The solder wire is heated, so that free water and crystal water in the solder can be completely evaporated to form glass state solidified in the hole, and the splashing phenomenon in the welding process can be effectively inhibited.
More preferably, the temperature of the heat treatment is 350 to 400 ℃. The heating temperature is the glass transition temperature of the silver solder powder.
The types of the brazing filler metal powder and the brazing filler metal are not particularly limited, and the brazing filler metal powder and the brazing filler metal can be conventional in the field, and can be reasonably selected by technical personnel according to application requirements. Preferably, the metal solder is a silver-based solder or a copper-based solder; the brazing flux powder is silver brazing flux or copper brazing flux. More preferably, the brazing flux powder is silver brazing flux, and the silver brazing flux comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 42% of potassium fluoride, 23% of potassium fluoborate and 35% of boric anhydride. The metal solder is silver-based solder, and the silver-based solder is selected from BAg30CuZn, BAg45CuZn and the like.
Preferably, in the step (2), the linear speed of the winding machine is 8-20 mm/s; the linear speed of the winding machine is the same as the wire discharging speed of the hot extruder, and the linear speed of the winding machine can keep soldering flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube to be uniformly and continuously filled in the grooves on the hot soldering flux wires.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) In the flux-cored brazing filler metal, the flux cores are visible, and the continuity degree of the flux cores can be visually judged, so that the occurrence of welding defects is reduced, and the strength of a welding joint can be improved by coating the flux-cored brazing filler metal with the nano transparent film.
(2) In the flux-cored solder, additional heating treatment can be carried out, so that the flux core is solidified in a hole in a glass state, the splashing scalding accident caused by water evaporation in the welding process is inhibited, and the brazing safety of the flux-cored solder is effectively improved.
(3) The preparation method of the flux-cored solder can realize the automatic production of the flux-cored solder, has fewer processes compared with the traditional method, saves the turnover time of different process fields, and greatly improves the production efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a flux cored solder visible in the flux core of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of making a flux cored solder with visible flux core of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a high temperature spreading profile of the conventional flux cored solder of comparative example 1 (left drawing) and the flux cored solder of example 1 of the present invention (right drawing) on red copper;
wherein, in fig. 1: 1-a drug core, 2-a metal solder, and 3-a nano transparent film; in figure 2, 4-hot extrusion machine, 5-special-shaped extrusion die, 6-solder wire with groove on surface, 7-solder paste, 8-flux-cored vitrified solder wire, 9-nano transparent liquid.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The specific conditions not specified in the examples were carried out according to the conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are conventional products obtained from commercial sources.
In the following examples, the particle size of the hydrophobic nano-silica is 20-35 nm, and the source is Zhejiang Uuda chemical company Limited.
In the following examples, the adopted brazing flux is silver brazing flux, and the brazing flux comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 42% of potassium fluoride, 23% of potassium fluoborate and 35% of boric anhydride. In other embodiments, the flux may also be of other flux types and compositions, such as copper flux, and the like.
In the following examples, the metal solder used is a silver-based solder, and the composition of the silver-based solder is BAg30CuZn, that is, in mass percent: 30% of Ag, 38% of Cu and 32% of Zn. In other embodiments, the brazing filler metal can be of other types, such as BAg45 CuZn.
The following examples relate to flux cored brazing filler metals with visible cores, the cross-sectional structure of which is schematically shown in fig. 1. In fig. 1, the flux core solder with visible flux core is composed of a flux core 1, a metal solder 2 and a nano transparent film 3. The metal brazing filler metal 2 is provided with a groove, and the groove is filled with a flux core 1 formed by brazing flux. Wherein, the left figure of fig. 1 shows a flux core brazing filler metal structure with 2 arc-shaped flux cores, and the right figure of fig. 1 shows a flux core brazing filler metal structure with 8 dovetail-shaped flux cores. In other embodiments, the number and shape of the cores may be other, and the skilled person may select them according to the actual application requirements. For example, the number of the medicine cores is one or more; the cross-sectional shape of the drug core can also be one or more of ellipse, triangle and trapezoid.
The following examples relate to a flow diagram of a method for preparing a flux cored solder with visible flux core as shown in fig. 2. In fig. 2, the brushing device is specifically a brush wheel, the drying device is specifically a hot air blower, and the heating device is specifically a resistance furnace. During preparation of the flux-cored brazing filler metal, the heat extruder 4 is provided with the special-shaped extrusion die 5, a metal brazing filler metal cast ingot is subjected to hot extrusion through the special-shaped extrusion die 5 of the heat extruder 4, a brazing filler metal wire 6 with a groove formed in the surface is obtained, the brazing filler metal paste 7 is filled in the pressure injection needle tube, the pressure injection needle tube is fixed at the wire outlet end of the heat extruder, and the groove in the brazing filler metal wire can be uniformly and continuously filled with the brazing filler metal paste 7 after the air pressure switch of the pressure injection needle tube is opened. And the resistance furnace carries out the operation of heating treatment on the solder wire to obtain the flux-cored vitrified solder wire 8 after heating. A brush wheel, a hot air blower and a winding machine are sequentially arranged behind the resistance furnace, nano transparent liquid 9 is filled in the brush wheel, the brush wheel performs the operation of coating a nano transparent film on the surface of a heated flux-cored vitrified brazing wire 8, the hot air blower performs the operation of drying the brazing wire coated with the nano transparent film, and the winding machine performs the operation of winding the dried brazing wire. In other embodiments, other types of brushing devices, drying devices, heating devices may be employed, as long as the above-described functionality is achieved.
Example 1
The flux-cored solder with visible flux core provided by the embodiment comprises a flux core, a metal solder (silver-based solder BAg30 CuZn) and a nano transparent film; the metal brazing filler metal is provided with a groove, and a flux core formed by brazing flux powder is filled in the groove; the transparent nano film is completely coated on the outer layer of the metal solder; the number of the medicine cores is 8, and the medicine cores can be seen by naked eyes, and the cross section of the medicine cores is in the shape of an embedded dovetail groove. The nano transparent film is formed by preparing a 2 mass percent alcohol solution of hydrophobic nano silica and a 1 mass percent alcohol solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone according to a mass ratio of 1:1, and then coating the alcohol solution on the surface of the silver-based metal solder and drying the silver-based metal solder. The thickness of the nano transparent film is 80nm.
The preparation method of the flux-cored brazing filler metal with visible flux cores provided by the embodiment mainly adopts a hot extrusion machine with a special-shaped extrusion die, a pressure injection needle tube, a resistance furnace, a brush wheel, a hot air blower and a winding machine to carry out integrated preparation of the flux-cored brazing filler metal with visible flux cores; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation work:
mixing silver brazing flux powder with water to prepare brazing flux paste, then filling the brazing flux paste into a pressure injection needle tube, and fixing the pressure injection needle tube at a screw outlet end of a hot extrusion machine; wherein the mass ratio of the silver brazing flux powder to the water is 6: 3;
preparing nano transparent liquid from hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide, a coating material and a solvent, and wetting the brush wheel by using the nano transparent liquid; wherein the nano transparent liquid is prepared by an ethanol solution of hydrophobic nano silica with the mass concentration of 2% and an ethanol solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass concentration of 1% according to the mass ratio of 1: 1;
carrying out hot extrusion on the metal brazing filler metal cast ingot through a special-shaped extrusion die of a hot extrusion machine to obtain a brazing filler metal wire with a groove on the surface; then, the solder wire is sequentially wound on a winding machine through a resistance furnace, a brush wheel and a hot air blower; wherein, the die hole of the special-shaped extrusion die is matched with the shape of the hot solder wire with the surface provided with the groove, and the wire diameter of the hot solder wire is 1.5mm;
adjusting the position of a pressure injection needle tube to enable the needle tip of the needle tube to be inserted into the groove of the hot solder wire;
(2) Start-up work:
opening a pneumatic switch of a pressure injection needle tube and a power supply of each device, along with the wire discharge of a hot extruder, uniformly and continuously filling the brazing flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube into a groove on a brazing filler metal wire, heating the brazing filler metal wire by using a resistance furnace to obtain a flux-cored vitrified brazing filler metal wire, then brushing a nano transparent film on the surface of the brazing filler metal wire by using a brush wheel, drying the nano transparent film by using a hot air blower, and finally winding by using a winding machine to obtain the flux-cored vitrified brazing filler metal wire.
Wherein the temperature of the heating treatment is 350-360 ℃; the linear speed of the winding machine is 8mm/s; the linear speed of the winding machine is the same as the wire discharging speed of the hot extrusion machine, the linear speed of the winding machine can keep the soldering flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube to be uniformly and continuously filled in the grooves in the hot soldering flux wires, and the wire diameter of the finally obtained flux-cored brazing filler metal finished product is 1.5mm.
Example 2
The flux core brazing filler metal with a visible flux core provided by the embodiment comprises a flux core, a metal brazing filler metal (silver-based brazing filler metal BAg30 CuZn) and a nano transparent film; the metal brazing filler metal is provided with a groove, and a flux core formed by brazing flux powder is filled in the groove; the transparent nano film is completely coated on the outer layer of the silver-based metal solder; the number of the medicine cores is 2, and the medicine cores can be seen by naked eyes, and the cross section of the medicine cores is in an embedded arc shape. The nano transparent film is formed by preparing a nano transparent liquid from an ethanol liquid of hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide with the mass concentration of 2% and an acetone liquid of polymethyl methacrylate with the mass concentration of 1% according to the mass ratio of 1:1, brushing the nano transparent liquid on the surface of the silver-based metal solder and drying the silver-based metal solder. The thickness of the nano transparent film is 100nm.
The method for preparing the flux core solder with visible flux cores provided in this example is basically the same as that of example 1, and the difference is only that:
in the step (1), the mass ratio of the silver solder powder to the water is 6: 2. The die hole of the special-shaped extrusion die is matched with the shape of the hot solder wire with the surface provided with the groove, and the wire diameter of the hot solder wire is 1.8mm. The nano transparent liquid is prepared from 2 mass percent of hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide ethanol liquid and 1 mass percent of polymethyl methacrylate acetone liquid according to the mass ratio of 1:1.
In the step (2), the temperature of the heating treatment is 360-370 ℃. The linear speed of the winding machine is 12mm/s; the linear speed of the winding machine is the same as the wire discharging speed of the hot extrusion machine, the linear speed of the winding machine can keep the soldering flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube to be uniformly and continuously filled in the grooves in the hot soldering flux wires, and the wire diameter of the finally obtained flux-cored brazing filler metal finished product is 1.8mm.
Example 3
The flux-cored solder with visible flux core provided by the embodiment comprises a flux core, a metal solder (silver-based solder BAg30 CuZn) and a nano transparent film; the metal brazing filler metal is provided with a groove, and a flux core formed by brazing flux powder is filled in the groove; the transparent nano film is completely coated on the outer layer of the silver-based metal solder; the number of the medicine cores is 4, and the medicine cores can be seen by naked eyes, and the cross section of the medicine cores is in the shape of an embedded elliptic arc. The nano transparent film is formed by preparing a 2 mass percent ethanol solution of hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide and a 1 mass percent ethanol solution of ethyl cellulose into a nano transparent solution according to the mass ratio of 1:1, brushing the nano transparent solution on the surface of the silver-based metal solder and drying the silver-based metal solder. The thickness of the nano transparent film is 120nm.
The method for preparing the flux core solder with visible flux cores provided in this example is basically the same as that of example 1, and the difference is only that:
in the step (1), the mass ratio of the silver brazing filler metal powder to the water is 6: 1. The die hole of the special-shaped extrusion die is matched with the shape of the hot solder wire with the surface provided with the groove, and the wire diameter of the hot solder wire is 2.0mm. The nano transparent liquid is prepared from an ethanol liquid of hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide with the mass concentration of 2% and an ethanol liquid of ethyl cellulose with the mass concentration of 1% according to the mass ratio of 1:1.
In the step (2), the temperature of the heating treatment is 370-380 ℃. The linear speed of the winding machine is 15mm/s; the linear speed of the winding machine is the same as the wire discharging speed of the hot extruder, the linear speed of the winding machine can keep the soldering flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube to be uniformly and continuously filled in the grooves in the hot soldering flux wires, and the wire diameter of the finally obtained flux-cored brazing filler metal finished product is 2.0mm.
Example 4
The flux-cored solder with visible flux core provided by the embodiment comprises a flux core, a metal solder (silver-based solder BAg30 CuZn) and a nano transparent film; the metal brazing filler metal is provided with a groove, and a flux core formed by brazing flux powder is filled in the groove; the transparent nano film is completely coated on the outer layer of the silver-based metal solder; the number of the medicine cores is 3, and the medicine cores can be seen by naked eyes, and the cross section of the medicine cores is in an embedded triangular shape. The nano transparent film is formed by preparing a nano transparent solution from an ethanol solution of hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide with the mass concentration of 2% and an ethanol solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass concentration of 1% according to the mass ratio of 1:1, brushing the nano transparent solution on the surface of the silver-based metal solder and drying the silver-based metal solder. The thickness of the nano transparent film is 130nm.
The method for preparing the flux core brazing filler metal with visible flux core provided in this example is basically the same as that of example 1, and only differs from that:
in the step (1), the mass ratio of the silver brazing filler metal powder to the water is 6: 1. The die hole of the special-shaped extrusion die is matched with the shape of the hot solder wire with the groove on the surface, and the wire diameter of the hot solder wire is 2.5mm. The nano transparent liquid is prepared by mixing an ethanol solution of hydrophobic nano silica with the mass concentration of 2% and an ethanol solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass concentration of 1% according to the mass ratio of 1:1.
In the step (2), the temperature of the heating treatment is 380-390 ℃. The linear speed of the winding machine is 18mm/s; the linear speed of the winding machine is the same as the wire discharging speed of the hot extrusion machine, the linear speed of the winding machine can keep the soldering flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube to be uniformly and continuously filled in the grooves in the hot soldering flux wires, and the wire diameter of the finally obtained flux-cored brazing filler metal finished product is 2.5mm.
Example 5
The flux-cored solder with visible flux core provided by the embodiment comprises a flux core, a metal solder (silver-based solder BAg30 CuZn) and a nano transparent film; the metal brazing filler metal is provided with a groove, and a flux core formed by brazing filler metal powder is filled in the groove; the transparent nano film is completely coated on the outer layer of the silver-based metal solder; the number of the medicine cores is 1, and the medicine cores can be seen by naked eyes, and the cross section of the medicine cores is in an embedded isosceles trapezoid shape. The nano transparent film is formed by preparing a nano transparent solution from an ethanol solution of hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide with the mass concentration of 2% and an ethanol solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass concentration of 1% according to the mass ratio of 1:1, brushing the nano transparent solution on the surface of the silver-based metal solder and drying the silver-based metal solder. The thickness of the nano transparent film is 150nm.
The method for preparing the flux core solder with visible flux cores provided in this example is basically the same as that of example 1, and the difference is only that:
in the step (1), the mass ratio of the silver brazing filler metal powder to the water is 6: 1. The die hole of the special-shaped extrusion die is matched with the shape of the hot solder wire with the groove on the surface, and the wire diameter of the hot solder wire is 3.0mm. The nano transparent liquid is prepared from an ethanol liquid of hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide with the mass concentration of 2% and an ethanol liquid of polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass concentration of 1% according to the mass ratio of 1:1.
In the step (2), the temperature of the heating treatment is 390 to 400 ℃. The linear speed of the winding machine is 20mm/s; the linear speed of the winding machine is the same as the wire discharging speed of the hot extrusion machine, the linear speed of the winding machine can keep the soldering flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube to be uniformly and continuously filled in the grooves in the hot soldering flux wires, and the wire diameter of the finally obtained flux-cored brazing filler metal finished product is 3.0mm.
Comparative example 1
The wire diameter of the conventional flux cored solder provided in comparative example 1 was 1.5 to 3.0mm, which was the same as that of examples 1 to 5, respectively. The structure is as follows: the metal solder (silver-based solder BAg30 CuZn) is used as the seam flux-cored solder formed by wrapping the silver soldering flux core on the outer layer.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: BAg30CuZn cast ingot is hot-extruded into a strip with the thickness of 5mm, then rough rolling, finish rolling and slitting are carried out for 10 times until a foil strip with the thickness of 0.5mm is obtained, then the foil strip is loaded into a flux-cored wire forming machine, a flux core is filled into the foil strip, and the flux-cored solder with the wire diameter of 1.5-3.0 mm is formed through closing, coiling and reducing.
Comparative example 2
The flux cored solder of comparative example 2 has basically the same composition, structure and preparation method as example 1, and the difference is only that: the nano transparent film is formed by preparing a nano transparent solution from ethanol solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass concentration of 1%, brushing the nano transparent solution on the surface of the silver-based metal solder and drying the silver-based metal solder. That is, comparative example 2 omits the use of hydrophobic nano silica.
Comparative example 3
The flux cored solder of comparative example 3 has basically the same composition, structure and preparation method as example 1, and the difference is only that: the temperature of the heating treatment in the step (2) is 300-310 ℃.
Comparative example 4
The composition, structure and preparation method of the flux-cored solder of the comparative example 4 are basically the same as those of the example 1, and the differences are only that: and (3) the linear speed of the winding machine in the step (2) is 5mm/s.
Test example 1
The welding performance of the flux-cored solder in the embodiments 1 to 5, the traditional flux-cored solder in the comparative example 1 and the flux-cored solder in the comparative examples 2 to 4 is inspected, and the specific test method comprises the following steps: the brazing of hard alloy and steel is respectively carried out by adopting different flux-cored solders, each solder is used for welding 100 same samples, and the shearing strength of a joint is tested by comparing the occurrence probability of splashing (the number of times of samples which are splashed when 100 samples are welded) at the same time. The joint shear strength is tested by referring to the GB/T11363-2008 standard.
TABLE 1 spatter situation and Joint Performance test results
As can be seen from table 1, the flux core in the conventional flux core solder in comparative example 1 contains free water, and has a high probability of spattering during welding, while the flux core in the flux core solder in the embodiment of the present invention has a glass state, does not contain free water, and has a moisture-proof film, so that no spattering phenomenon occurs. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional flux-cored solder, the flux-cored solder has higher shearing strength of a soldered joint. In addition, in the comparative example 2, the nano silicon dioxide is removed, the waterproof and moisture absorption effects of the transparent film are reduced, so that the flux core absorbs moisture again to cause splashing, and the brazing seam has defects to cause low joint strength; comparative example 3, the heat treatment temperature is lower, free water in the brazing flux cannot be completely removed, part of the free water still exists, and the brazing flux still splashes in the brazing process; the winding linear speed in comparative example 4 is low, resulting in low extrusion speed and low linear speed, and although no splashing phenomenon exists, the processing efficiency is low.
Further, the high-temperature spreading morphology of the conventional flux-cored solder of comparative example 1 and the flux-cored solder of example 1 of the present invention on red copper, which have a wire diameter of 1.5mm, was examined by using a digital camera, and the results are shown in fig. 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the conventional flux cored solder of comparative example 1 has a large amount of spattered bubbles and water drops at a high temperature on a copper plate (see the left drawing of fig. 3), whereas the flux cored solder of example 1 of the present invention has a large spread area at a high temperature on copper plate, has almost no spattered bubbles, and does not generate any black slag that affects brazing performance (see the right drawing of fig. 3).
Test example 2
The test example examines the production efficiency of the flux-cored solder of example 3 of the present invention and the conventional flux-cored solder of comparative example 1. The specific test mode is as follows: taking the flux-cored solder with the wire diameter of 2.0mm in example 3 as an example, the flux-cored solder is produced by adopting the traditional preparation method and the preparation method of the invention respectively, and the flux-cored solder is prepared by comparing the production time consumed for preparing the flux-cored solder by using 25 BAg30CuZn metal solder cast ingots with the diameter of 45mm and the length of 110mm as raw materials.
In the preparation of the traditional method of the comparative example 1, the cast ingot is required to be hot-extruded into a strip with the thickness of 5mm, and then 10 times of rough rolling, finish rolling and slitting are carried out until a foil strip with the thickness of 0.5mm is obtained, and at the moment, 2 workers need about 8 hours; and then the foil strip is loaded into a flux-cored wire forming machine, and is subjected to closing, rolling and reducing to form the flux-cored solder with the wire diameter of 2.0mm, wherein 2 workers need about 3.5 hours, and the total time is 11.5 hours.
The preparation method of embodiment 3 of the invention comprises the following steps: hot extrusion of 25 cast ingots is carried out by adopting a special-shaped die, 4 special-shaped wires with the wire diameter of 2.0mm and grooves on the surfaces are extruded at one time, soldering flux paste is continuously extruded through a pneumatic pressure needle tube, an electric heating tube is used for heating and vitrifying, nano transparent liquid is coated, drying and film forming are carried out, and winding is carried out, finally, the flux-cored solder with the wire diameter of 2.0mm is obtained, the whole process is one-line, and 2 workers need about 6 hours.
As seen from the above comparison, the present invention improves the production efficiency by almost one time compared to the conventional preparation method of the comparative document 1 when the production amount of the flux cored solder is the same. The improvement of the production efficiency has important economic and practical significance for the mass production of the flux-cored solder.
In conclusion, the flux-cored brazing filler metal with the visible flux core provided by the invention has the advantages that the flux core is visible, the continuity degree of the flux core can be visually judged, the occurrence of welding defects can be effectively reduced, and the welding strength of joints can be improved by adopting the nano transparent film for coating. In addition, the flux core is solidified in the hole in a glass state, so that the splashing scalding accident caused by water evaporation in the welding process can be inhibited, and the welding safety is improved. Meanwhile, the preparation method of the flux-cored solder can realize the automatic production of the flux-cored solder, has fewer processes compared with the traditional method, saves the turnover time of different process fields, greatly improves the production efficiency, and has great application value in the field of brazing materials.
Claims (10)
1. The flux-cored brazing filler metal with a visible flux core is characterized by consisting of a flux core, a metal brazing filler metal and a nano transparent film; the metal brazing filler metal is provided with a groove, and a flux core formed by brazing flux is filled in the groove; the drug core is visible to the naked eye; the transparent nano film is used for coating the notches of the grooves, and the nano transparent film mainly comprises hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide and a coating material.
2. The cored solder visible in the core of claim 1, wherein the core is in a glassy state.
3. The flux cored solder with visible core of claim 1, wherein the metal solder is a silver-based solder or a copper-based solder; the brazing flux is silver brazing flux or copper brazing flux; the coating material is at least one of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethyl methacrylate and ethyl cellulose; the number of the medicine cores is one or more; the cross section of the drug core is in one or more of a dovetail groove shape, an arc shape, an ellipse shape, a triangle shape and a trapezoid shape.
4. The flux cored solder with visible flux core of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the nano transparent film forms a complete coating on the notch of the groove and other areas on the surface of the metal solder; the thickness of the nano transparent film is 80-150 nm.
5. The flux-cored solder with visible flux cores of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the nano transparent film is formed by mixing ethanol solution of hydrophobic nano silica and ethanol solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone, brushing and drying; or the nano transparent film is formed by mixing ethanol solution of hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide and acetone solution of polymethyl methacrylate, brushing and drying; or the nano transparent film is formed by mixing ethanol solution of hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide and ethanol solution of ethyl cellulose, brushing and drying.
6. The method for preparing the flux core visible flux core brazing filler metal in claim 1, wherein the flux core visible flux core brazing filler metal is integrally prepared mainly by using a hot extrusion machine with a special-shaped extrusion die, a pressure injection needle tube, a brushing device, a drying device and a winding machine; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation:
carrying out hot extrusion on the metal brazing filler metal cast ingot through a special-shaped extrusion die of a hot extrusion machine to obtain a brazing filler metal wire with a groove on the surface; then, the solder wire is sequentially passed through a brushing device and a drying device and then wound on a winding machine;
filling a nano transparent liquid into a brushing device; in addition, the soldering flux paste is filled into a pressure injection needle tube, the pressure injection needle tube is fixed at the wire outlet end of a heat extruder, and the needle tip of the needle tube is inserted into the groove of the soldering flux wire;
(2) And (3) start-up work:
and opening an air pressure switch of the pressure injection needle tube and a power supply of each device, uniformly and continuously filling the soldering flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube into the grooves on the soldering flux wires along with the wire discharge of the hot extruder, then executing the coating operation of the nano transparent film by the brushing device and the drying operation of the nano transparent film by the drying device, and finally winding by the winding machine to obtain the nano transparent film.
7. The method for preparing the flux-cored soldering flux with visible flux cores according to claim 6, wherein in the step (1), the soldering flux paste is prepared by using soldering flux and water, and the mass ratio of the soldering flux to the water is 6: 1-3; the die hole of the special-shaped extrusion die is matched with the shape of the brazing filler metal wire with the surface provided with the groove, and the wire diameter of the brazing filler metal wire is 1.5-3.0 mm.
8. The method for preparing the flux-cored solder with the visible flux core according to claim 6, wherein in the step (1), the solder wire passes through a heating device, then passes through a brushing device and a drying device in sequence, and finally is wound on a winding machine; in the step (2), after the soldering paste in the pressure injection needle is uniformly and continuously filled in the grooves on the soldering wire, the soldering wire is heated by a heating device to obtain a flux-cored vitrified soldering wire, then the coating device performs the coating of the nano transparent film, the drying device performs the drying operation of the nano transparent film, and finally the winding machine performs winding.
9. The method for preparing the flux cored solder with visible flux core according to claim 8, wherein the temperature of the heating treatment is 350-400 ℃.
10. The method for preparing the flux cored solder with visible flux cores according to claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the linear speed of the winding machine is 8-20 mm/s; the linear speed of the winding machine is the same as the wire discharging speed of the hot extrusion machine, and the linear speed of the winding machine can keep the soldering flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube to be uniformly and continuously filled in the grooves on the soldering flux wires.
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