CN108237280B - Welding method of copper-tungsten electrode - Google Patents
Welding method of copper-tungsten electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN108237280B CN108237280B CN201611205379.5A CN201611205379A CN108237280B CN 108237280 B CN108237280 B CN 108237280B CN 201611205379 A CN201611205379 A CN 201611205379A CN 108237280 B CN108237280 B CN 108237280B
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/002—Soldering by means of induction heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/19—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/206—Cleaning
Abstract
the invention relates to a welding method of a copper-tungsten electrode, wherein a copper-tungsten head made of a copper-tungsten material and a copper seat made of pure copper or copper alloy are welded into the copper-tungsten electrode, and the welding method comprises the following steps: cleaning a surface to be welded; after smearing brazing flux on the surface to be welded, butting and clamping the surface to be welded, wherein the surface to be welded is horizontal; coating a flow resisting agent on the peripheral welding seam of the surface to be welded to divide the welding seam into an exhaust area accounting for 25-40% of the total welding seam and a brazing filler metal adding area accounting for 15-30%; the welding seam position of the brazing filler metal adding area is opposite to that of the exhaust area; and (3) putting the workpiece to be welded and the clamp into high-frequency induction heating equipment, placing a proper amount of brazing filler metal in a brazing filler metal adding area, quickly heating until the brazing filler metal is molten, regulating induced current for heat preservation until the molten brazing filler metal appears in an exhaust area, turning off the heating equipment, and cooling to obtain the copper-tungsten electrode. The flow inhibitor of the method inhibits the flow of the molten solder in the peripheral welding seam, the molten solder flows into the solder adding area and flows out of the exhaust area, and the gas in the gap is extruded out, so that the problem of gas exhaust in the gap during the brazing of the large-size copper-tungsten electrode is solved; the brazing rate is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to a welding method of a copper-tungsten electrode.
Background
The copper-tungsten material has good arc erosion resistance and electric conduction and heat conduction performance, and is widely applied to electric switches and electrodes. The copper-tungsten material is generally prepared by a powder metallurgy process, the process is complex, the cost is high, and the requirements of high temperature resistance, wear resistance, arc corrosion resistance and the like in the using process can be met as long as the copper-tungsten material has a certain thickness.
The cost of copper or copper alloy is lower than that of copper-tungsten material, and the copper or copper alloy has good electric and heat conduction capability, and can ensure the current conduction, heat transfer and heat dissipation of the electrode.
therefore, when the electrode is prepared, the copper-tungsten material is made into a sheet or block-shaped copper-tungsten head, the copper or copper alloy is made into a copper seat, the copper-tungsten head is welded on the copper seat to form the copper-tungsten electrode, and the copper seat is a supporting structure of the copper-tungsten head and is also used for connecting the electrode with other parts.
the welding of the copper-tungsten electrode, i.e. the welding of the copper-tungsten head to the copper base, is one of the most common welding methods, brazing.
the conventional brazing process is that brazing filler metal is placed between the butted surfaces to be welded of the copper-tungsten head and the copper base or on a welding seam on the periphery of the surfaces to be welded in advance, the temperature is raised to be higher than the melting point of the brazing filler metal, and the brazing filler metal is melted and absorbed under the action of capillary tubes and fills a gap between the surfaces to be welded of the copper-tungsten head and the copper base. Different welding conditions and welding processes have different brazing filler metal filling capacity and different welding brazing rates, and the larger the brazing rate is, the higher the welding strength is, and the better the welding quality is.
When the large-size copper-tungsten electrode is brazed, the to-be-welded planes of the large-size copper-tungsten electrode and the large-size copper-tungsten electrode are relatively clung and in a horizontal state, namely a horizontal gap is adopted. The solder flows more strongly in the gap after melting and less strongly in the weld at the periphery of the surfaces to be welded, so that the solder flows faster in the weld at the periphery of the surfaces to be welded than in the gap between the surfaces to be welded. When the molten brazing filler metal fills the peripheral welding seam of the surface to be welded, the gap in the middle of the surface to be welded is closed, and gas in the gap is difficult to discharge, namely, the internal gap between the copper-tungsten head and the surface to be welded of the copper base cannot be filled with the brazing filler metal, so that the brazing rate is low, and the welding strength is unqualified. The larger the size of the copper-tungsten electrode is, the larger the area of the surface to be welded of the copper-tungsten head and the copper seat is, the gas in the copper-tungsten head is not easy to discharge, and the brazing rate and the welding strength are difficult to meet the requirements.
The welding of the copper-tungsten electrode requires high welding strength, and the welding brazing rate is required to be more than 70%. But the welding brazing rate of the current copper-tungsten electrode with the diameter of 35mm is less than 60 percent.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to provide a welding method of a copper-tungsten electrode, which divides a peripheral welding seam of a to-be-welded surface of a copper-tungsten head and a copper base into a brazing filler metal adding area and an exhaust area, so that brazing filler metal can only flow from the brazing filler metal adding area to the exhaust area, and the gas in a gap between the to-be-welded surface of the copper-tungsten head and the to-be-welded surface of the copper base is extruded from the exhaust area by the flowing of the brazing filler metal, thereby improving the brazing rate and improving the welding strength.
The invention provides a welding method of a copper-tungsten electrode, which is characterized in that a copper-tungsten head is made of a copper-tungsten material containing 10-60% of copper and 90-40% of tungsten, a copper seat matched with the copper-tungsten head is made of pure copper or a copper alloy containing more than 80% of copper, and the welding method mainly comprises the following steps:
i, preparation before welding
the surfaces to be welded of the copper-tungsten head and the copper seat to be welded are planes, and oxides, oil stains and other impurities on the surfaces to be welded are removed;
II, assembling the parts to be welded
i, uniformly coating a layer of copper or copper alloy brazing flux on the surfaces to be welded of the copper-tungsten head and the copper seat after cleaning, butting the two surfaces to be welded, and clamping the surfaces to be welded on a special welding fixture for an electrode, wherein the surfaces to be welded are in a horizontal state;
III, applying a flow inhibitor
Coating a flow resisting agent on a peripheral welding seam of a to-be-welded surface where a copper-tungsten head and a copper seat are butted, dividing the whole welding seam into an exhaust area and a brazing filler metal adding area, wherein the length of the exhaust area is 25% -40% of the total circumference of the welding seam, the length of the brazing filler metal adding area is 15% -30% of the total circumference of the welding seam, and the flow resisting agent is coated on the welding seam between the exhaust area and the brazing filler metal adding area.
The position of the welding seam of the solder adding area and the exhaust area is opposite, and the distance between the connecting line of the centers of the solder adding area and the exhaust area and the geometric center of the surface to be welded is less than 1/2 of the minimum distance between the geometric center and the periphery. The best proposal is that the connecting line of the center of the solder adding area and the center of the exhaust area passes through the geometric center of the surface to be welded.
the flow inhibitor is formed by mixing metal oxide and adhesive, wherein the metal oxide is any one of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide and magnesium oxide, and the weight ratio of the oxide to the adhesive is 10 (1-3). The adhesive is any one of polyvinyl alcohol adhesive, polyethylene glycol adhesive and acrylic polymer adhesive.
in order to facilitate the smearing of the flow resisting agent, the step is carried out after the surfaces to be welded of the copper-tungsten head and the copper seat in the step II are butted, or the step is carried out after the copper-tungsten head and the copper seat are clamped;
IV, brazing
Putting the to-be-welded piece processed in the step III and a clamp into high-frequency induction heating equipment, placing a proper amount of brazing filler metal in a brazing filler metal adding area, starting the high-frequency induction heating equipment for rapid heating, and adjusting induced current for heat preservation when the brazing filler metal is observed to be melted; and (3) observing the gap of the to-be-welded piece which is sucked into the butt joint of the molten solder on the solder adding area, supplementing the solder in the solder adding area as required until the molten solder appears in the exhaust area, namely the gap of the to-be-welded piece is full of the solder, shutting down the high-frequency induction heating equipment, cooling the to-be-welded piece on a clamp to be below the melting point of the solder, and obtaining the copper-tungsten electrode with the copper-tungsten head and the copper base brazed into a whole.
The brazing filler metal is selected according to the materials of the copper-tungsten head and the copper seat.
The high-frequency induction heating equipment is provided with a temperature sensor and a temperature real-time display device.
Compared with the prior art, the welding method of the copper-tungsten electrode has the advantages that: 1. coating a peripheral welding seam with a flow inhibitor to divide the welding seam into an exhaust area and a brazing filler metal adding area, wherein the flow inhibitor inhibits the flow of the molten brazing filler metal on the peripheral welding seam, so that the molten brazing filler metal is forced to flow into the brazing filler metal adding area and then flow out of the exhaust area, and the gas in the gap is extruded out in the flow of the molten brazing filler metal, so that the problem that the gas in the gap is difficult to discharge during the brazing of the large-size copper-tungsten electrode is solved without adding equipment or complicated processing steps; 2. the brazing rate of the copper-tungsten electrode is obviously improved, the brazing rate can reach more than 80% when the scheme of the invention is adopted for brazing, and the welding strength of the copper-tungsten electrode is ensured to be qualified.
Detailed Description
example 1
i, preparation before welding
The copper-tungsten wafer with the diameter of 35mm and the thickness of 8mm is a copper-tungsten head, the pure copper rod with the diameter of 36mm and the length of 40mm is a copper seat, the surface to be welded of the copper-tungsten head is a circular plane with the diameter of 35mm, and the surface to be welded of the copper seat is a circular plane with the diameter of 36 mm; cleaning and removing oxides, oil stains and other impurities on the surface to be welded;
II, assembling the parts to be welded
I, uniformly coating a layer of copper or copper alloy brazing flux on the surfaces to be welded of the copper-tungsten head and the copper base which are cleaned in the step I, wherein the copper or copper alloy brazing flux is pasty silver brazing flux, the two surfaces to be welded are butted and clamped on a welding clamp special for an electrode, and the surfaces to be welded are in a horizontal state;
III, applying a flow inhibitor
Coating a flow resisting agent on an excircle welding line of a to-be-welded surface where a copper-tungsten head and a copper seat are butted, and dividing the whole excircle welding line into an exhaust area and a brazing filler metal adding area, wherein the length of the brazing filler metal adding area is 22% of the circumference of the excircle welding line, the length of the exhaust area is 32% of the circumference of the excircle welding line, and a connecting line of the centers of the two areas passes through the circle center of the to-be-welded surface; the lengths of two welding seams coated with the flow resisting agent are respectively 23 percent of the circumference of the excircle welding seam
The flow inhibitor of the embodiment is formed by mixing zirconia and a polyvinyl alcohol adhesive, and the weight ratio of the oxide to the adhesive is 10: 1.
IV, brazing
And (4) putting the to-be-welded piece processed in the step III and the clamp into an induction coil of high-frequency induction heating equipment. In this example, wire-like brazing filler metal (Ag56CuZnSn) with a melting range of 620-655 deg.C and a brazing filler metal wire diameter of 1mm is selected and placed in a brazing filler metal feeding area. Starting high-frequency induction heating equipment, adjusting the induction current to be 500A, heating, and melting the solder wire after heating for 3 minutes; and adjusting the induced current to 200A for heat preservation, filling the molten brazing filler metal in the exhaust area welding line after about 1 minute, stopping the high-frequency induction heating equipment, and cooling the to-be-welded piece on the fixture to be below the melting point of the brazing filler metal. The welding brazing rate of the obtained copper-tungsten electrode welding surface is up to 85 percent by detection.
The high-frequency induction heating equipment of the embodiment is also provided with a temperature sensor and a temperature real-time display device. So as to observe and master the temperature of the piece to be welded in the high-frequency induction heating equipment.
Example 2
Preparing and assembling the parts to be welded in the step I and the step II before welding, and the same as the embodiment 1;
III, applying a flow inhibitor
Similar to example 1; the length of the brazing filler metal adding area is 30 percent of the circumference of the excircle weld joint, the length of the exhaust area is 40 percent of the circumference of the excircle weld joint, and a connecting line of the centers of the two areas passes through the circle center of the surface to be welded; the lengths of two welding seams coated with the flow resisting agent are respectively 15 percent of the circumference of the excircle welding seam
The flow resisting agent of the embodiment is formed by mixing zirconia and polyethylene glycol adhesive, and the weight ratio of the oxide to the adhesive is 10: 3.
IV, brazing
And (4) putting the to-be-welded piece processed in the step III and the clamp into an induction coil of high-frequency induction heating equipment. This example solder was the same as example 1.
Starting high-frequency induction heating equipment, adjusting the induction current to be 500A, heating, and melting the solder wire after heating for 3 minutes; and adjusting the induced current to 200A for heat preservation, filling the molten brazing filler metal in the exhaust area welding line after about 1 minute, stopping the high-frequency induction heating equipment, and cooling the to-be-welded piece on the fixture to be below the melting point of the brazing filler metal. The welding brazing rate of the obtained copper-tungsten electrode is up to 84 percent by detecting the welding surface of the copper-tungsten electrode.
Example 3:
Preparing and assembling the parts to be welded in the step I and the step II before welding, and the same as the embodiment 1;
III, applying a flow inhibitor
Similar to example 1; the length of the brazing filler metal adding area is 15 percent of the circumference of the excircle weld joint, the length of the exhaust area is 25 percent of the circumference of the excircle weld joint, and a connecting line of the centers of the two areas passes through the circle center of the surface to be welded; the lengths of two welding seams coated with the flow resisting agent are respectively 30 percent of the circumference of the excircle welding seam
The flow inhibitor of the embodiment is formed by mixing titanium oxide and acrylic polymer adhesive, and the weight ratio of the oxide to the adhesive is 10: 2.
IV, brazing
And (4) putting the to-be-welded piece processed in the step III and the clamp into an induction coil of high-frequency induction heating equipment. This example solder was the same as example 1.
Starting high-frequency induction heating equipment, adjusting the induction current to be 500A, heating, and melting the solder wire after heating for 3 minutes; and adjusting the induced current to 200A for heat preservation, filling the molten brazing filler metal in the exhaust area welding line after about 1 minute, stopping the high-frequency induction heating equipment, and cooling the to-be-welded piece on the fixture to be below the melting point of the brazing filler metal. The welding brazing rate of the obtained copper-tungsten electrode is up to 82 percent by detecting the welding surface of the copper-tungsten electrode.
Example 4:
I, preparation before welding
The copper-tungsten wafer with the diameter of phi 45mm and the thickness of 10mm is a copper-tungsten head, the QCr0.5 chromium copper rod with the diameter of phi 48mm and the length of 50mm is a copper seat, the surface to be welded of the copper-tungsten head is a circular plane with the diameter of phi 45mm, and the surface to be welded of the copper seat is a circular plane with the diameter of phi 48 mm; cleaning and removing oxides, oil stains and other impurities on the surface to be welded;
II, assembling the parts to be welded
Same as example 1;
III, applying a flow inhibitor
the flow inhibitor of the embodiment is formed by mixing magnesium oxide and polyvinyl alcohol adhesive, and the weight ratio of the oxide to the adhesive is 10: 1.
The rest is the same as the embodiment 1;
IV, brazing
And (4) putting the to-be-welded piece processed in the step III and the clamp into an induction coil of high-frequency induction heating equipment. In this example, a wire-like brazing filler metal of Ag49CuZnMnNi with a melting range of 670 to 710 ℃ is used, the diameter of the brazing filler metal wire is 1mm, and one end of the brazing filler metal wire is placed in a brazing filler metal addition zone. Starting high-frequency induction heating equipment, adjusting the induction current to 550A for heating, and after heating for 4 minutes, melting the solder wire; and adjusting the induced current to 300A for heat preservation, filling the molten brazing filler metal in the exhaust area welding seam after about 2 minutes, stopping the high-frequency induction heating equipment, and cooling the to-be-welded piece on the fixture to be below the melting point of the brazing filler metal. The welding brazing rate of the obtained copper-tungsten electrode is up to 82 percent by detecting the welding surface of the copper-tungsten electrode.
the above-described embodiments are only specific examples for further explaining the object, technical solution and advantageous effects of the present invention in detail, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the scope of the disclosure of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A welding method of copper-tungsten electrode, the copper-tungsten head is made of copper-tungsten material containing 10% -60% of copper and 90% -40% of tungsten, the copper seat matched with the copper-tungsten head is made of pure copper or copper alloy containing more than 80% of copper, the welding main steps are as follows:
I, preparation before welding
the surfaces to be welded of the copper-tungsten head and the copper seat to be welded are planes, and oxides, oil stains and other impurities on the surfaces to be welded are removed;
II, assembling the parts to be welded
I, uniformly coating a layer of copper or copper alloy brazing flux on the surfaces to be welded of the copper-tungsten head and the copper seat after cleaning, butting the two surfaces to be welded, and clamping the surfaces to be welded on a special welding fixture for an electrode, wherein the surfaces to be welded are in a horizontal state;
III, applying a flow inhibitor
Coating a flow resisting agent on a peripheral welding seam of a to-be-welded surface where a copper-tungsten head and a copper seat are butted, dividing the whole welding seam into an exhaust area and a brazing filler metal adding area, wherein the length of the exhaust area is 25% -40% of the total circumference of the welding seam, the length of the brazing filler metal adding area is 15% -30% of the total circumference of the welding seam, and the flow resisting agent is coated on the welding seam between the exhaust area and the brazing filler metal adding area;
The position of the welding seam of the solder adding area is opposite to that of the welding seam of the exhaust area;
IV, brazing
Putting the to-be-welded piece processed in the step III and a clamp into high-frequency induction heating equipment, putting a proper amount of brazing filler metal in a brazing filler metal adding area, starting the high-frequency induction heating equipment for rapid heating, and adjusting the induction heating current for heat preservation when the brazing filler metal is observed to be melted; and (3) observing the gap of the to-be-welded piece which is sucked into the butt joint of the molten solder on the solder adding area, supplementing the solder in the solder adding area as required until the molten solder appears in the exhaust area, namely the gap of the to-be-welded piece is full of the solder, stopping heating, cooling the to-be-welded piece on a clamp to be below the melting point of the solder, and obtaining the copper-tungsten electrode with the copper-tungsten head and the copper base brazed into a whole.
2. The method of welding a copper-tungsten electrode according to claim 1, wherein:
The distance between the connecting line of the center of the solder adding area and the center of the exhaust area and the geometric center of the surface to be welded is less than 1/2 of the minimum distance between the geometric center and the periphery.
3. The method of welding a copper-tungsten electrode according to claim 1, wherein:
And a connecting line of the center of the solder adding area and the center of the exhaust area penetrates through the geometric center of the surface to be welded.
4. The method of welding a copper-tungsten electrode according to claim 1, wherein:
The flow inhibitor is formed by mixing metal oxide and adhesive, wherein the metal oxide is any one of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide and magnesium oxide, and the weight ratio of the oxide to the adhesive is 10 (1-3).
5. The method of welding a copper-tungsten electrode according to claim 4, wherein:
the adhesive is any one of polyvinyl alcohol adhesive, polyethylene glycol adhesive and acrylic polymer adhesive.
6. The welding method of a copper-tungsten electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that:
And step III of smearing the flow resisting agent after the surfaces to be welded of the copper-tungsten head and the copper seat in the step II are butted, or step III of smearing the flow resisting agent after the copper-tungsten head and the copper seat are clamped.
7. The welding method of a copper-tungsten electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that:
The high-frequency induction heating equipment is provided with a temperature sensor and a temperature real-time display device.
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| CN111408827B (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2022-02-08 | 上海工程技术大学 | Integrated efficient cooling deep fusion welding gun |
| CN111438412A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-07-24 | 山东威尔斯通钨业有限公司 | Tungsten-copper alloy surface silver spraying technology |
| CN111482728B (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2022-09-06 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Flow resisting agent for brazing and preparation method thereof |
| CN113084287A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-07-09 | 星箭精工科技(常州)有限公司 | Non-vacuum brazing method for plasma cutting electrode |
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| FR2859401B1 (en) * | 2003-09-10 | 2006-03-17 | Le Bronze Ind Sa | RESISTOR WELDING ELECTRODE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME |
| CN100368133C (en) * | 2005-12-19 | 2008-02-13 | 西北工业大学 | Conducting bar brazing method |
| US8471169B2 (en) * | 2006-06-08 | 2013-06-25 | Nippon Tungsten Co., Ltd. | Electrode for spot welding |
| CN102430827B (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2013-08-07 | 上海工程技术大学 | Vacuum brazing method of plasma cutting electrode |
| CN105234544B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2018-05-04 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of lifetime of resistance spot welding electrode and preparation method thereof |
| CN105252160B (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-08-25 | 常州特尔玛枪嘴有限公司 | A kind of plasma electrode and its manufacture method |
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