CN115789531A - Submarine pipeline leakage monitoring system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing submarine pipeline leakage monitoring, and particularly relates to a submarine pipeline leakage monitoring system and a submarine pipeline leakage monitoring method, wherein the submarine pipeline leakage monitoring system comprises: the sensing optical fiber is spirally wound on the submarine pipeline; the multi-parameter monitoring and demodulating unit is connected with the first section of the sensing optical fiber arranged on the submarine pipeline, injects pulsed light into the sensing optical fiber, and acquires temperature and vibration information along the pipeline by receiving and demodulating Rayleigh light scattering and Raman light scattering; and the upper computer controls the starting of the multi-parameter monitoring demodulation unit through the optical switch module and receives signals collected by the multi-parameter monitoring demodulation unit. The system can realize the demodulation of temperature and vibration parameters by using the single-core optical fiber, monitors the temperature and vibration information along the pipeline in real time, can avoid the problem that only a single vibration parameter is used and is influenced by the noise of the seabed environment, and has the characteristics of simple structure, long-distance continuous monitoring, sensitivity to vibration and temperature events and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing submarine pipeline leakage monitoring, and particularly relates to a submarine pipeline leakage monitoring system and method.
Background
The submarine pipeline transportation is widely used as a main energy transportation mode of oil, gas and the like due to the characteristics of high efficiency, convenience, long-distance transportation, economy and reliability, the health monitoring of the submarine pipeline is particularly important in the long-distance submarine energy transportation process, the submarine pipeline is placed at the bottom of the sea for a long time, and if the submarine pipeline is damaged by factors such as seawater corrosion, geological disasters and external force damage, and the leakage occurs, so that the pollution to the marine environment, the waste of energy and the immeasurable economic loss are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the present invention provides a system for monitoring leakage of a submarine pipeline, which can be used for accurately monitoring and positioning early tiny leakage of the submarine pipeline. The invention also provides a submarine pipeline leakage monitoring method.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a subsea pipeline leak monitoring system, the system comprising:
the sensing optical fiber is spirally wound on the submarine pipeline;
the multi-parameter monitoring and demodulating unit is connected with the first section of the sensing optical fiber arranged on the submarine pipeline, injects pulsed light into the sensing optical fiber, and acquires temperature and vibration information along the pipeline by receiving and demodulating Rayleigh scattered light signals and Raman scattered light signals;
and the upper computer controls the starting of the multi-parameter monitoring and demodulating unit through the optical switch module and receives signals collected by the multi-parameter monitoring and demodulating unit.
Further, the multi-parameter monitoring demodulation unit comprises: a laser light source module, an acousto-optic modulation module, a signal amplification module, a filtering module, a circulator, a Raman wavelength division multiplexing module and a data acquisition card, wherein,
the laser light source module emits a narrow-linewidth low-frequency phase-shifting dry light signal with the central wavelength of 1550 nm;
the acousto-optic modulation module modulates the optical signal into periodic pulse optical signals with high and low power;
the pulse optical signals are amplified by the signal amplification module, filtered by the filtering module, coupled to the Raman wavelength division multiplexing module through the circulator and then enter the sensing optical fiber;
the Raman wavelength division multiplexing module is also used for distinguishing Raman scattering light and Rayleigh scattering light from the scattering signals of the single sensing optical cable and demodulating the Rayleigh scattering light signals and the Raman scattering light signals in a shunt way;
and the data acquisition card is used for respectively acquiring Rayleigh scattering signals and Raman scattering signals and transmitting the Rayleigh scattering signals and the Raman scattering signals to an upper computer.
The multiparameter monitoring and demodulating unit further comprises a photodetector and an avalanche photodiode, the photodetector is connected with the circulator, rayleigh scattered light signals split by the raman wavelength division multiplexing module are converted by the photodetector after passing through the circulator, and the avalanche photodiode is connected with the other light splitting output end of the raman wavelength division multiplexing module and transmits the raman scattered light signals to the data acquisition card.
Further, the upper computer performs the positioning of the leakage point according to the return time of the rayleigh scattered light signal and the raman scattered light signal and the change of the amplitude of the rayleigh scattered light signal and the raman scattered light signal.
A subsea pipeline leak monitoring method, comprising:
spirally winding the sensing optical fiber on the submarine pipeline;
injecting pulse light into the sensing optical fiber;
demodulating signals received by the sensing optical fiber, and separating Rayleigh scattering optical signals from Raman scattering optical signals;
analyzing the Rayleigh scattered light signals and the Raman scattered light signals to obtain temperature and vibration information along the pipeline;
and judging whether leakage occurs and positioning according to the temperature and vibration information.
Further, injecting pulsed light into the sensing fiber includes:
emitting a narrow-linewidth low-frequency phase-shifting dry optical signal with the central wavelength of 1550 nm; modulating the optical signal into high and low power periodic pulse optical signals;
the pulse light signals are coupled to the entrance sensing optical fiber through the circulator after being amplified and filtered.
Further, demodulating the signal received by the photosensitive fiber, and separating the rayleigh scattered light signal from the raman scattered light signal includes: a Raman wavelength division multiplexing module is adopted to distinguish Raman scattering optical signals and Rayleigh scattering optical signals from scattering signals of a single sensing optical cable, and the Rayleigh scattering optical signals and the Raman scattering optical signals are demodulated in a shunt way;
the separated Rayleigh scattering light signals are converted through a photoelectric detector after passing through a circulator;
the separated Raman scattering optical signals are transmitted to a data acquisition card through an avalanche photodiode.
Further, determining whether to leak and locate based on the temperature and vibration information includes: and positioning the leakage point according to the return time of the Rayleigh scattered light signal and the Raman scattered light signal and the change of the amplitude of the Rayleigh scattered light signal and the Raman scattered light signal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the traditional pipeline leakage monitoring technology mainly comprises point-type measurement, and the occurrence and the positioning of a leakage event are judged by monitoring the change of information such as pressure, flow velocity, flow and the like in a certain distance of a pipeline. The submarine pipeline has the characteristics of long transmission distance, complex submarine environment, passivity and the like, and the traditional point type measurement scheme cannot meet the requirement of the whole-line real-time health monitoring of the submarine pipeline. Based on the defects of the prior art method, the passive real-time measurement with long distance, distribution and high precision is realized by using the advantages of optical fiber measurement, the demodulation of temperature and vibration parameters can be realized by using a single-core optical fiber, the temperature and vibration information along the pipeline can be monitored in real time, the multi-parameter monitoring system can also avoid the problem that the single vibration parameter is only used and is influenced by the noise of the seabed environment, and the passive real-time measurement method has the characteristics of simple structure, long-distance continuous monitoring, sensitivity to vibration and temperature events and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a subsea pipeline leak monitoring method of an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a subsea pipeline leak monitoring system according to an embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a demodulation system according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention relates to a subsea pipeline leakage monitoring system, comprising:
the sensing optical fiber is spirally wound on the submarine pipeline; the sensing optical fiber is laid along the submarine pipeline, and is arranged in a spiral winding mode to ensure the coupling effect of the optical fiber and the submarine pipeline.
The multi-parameter monitoring and demodulating unit is connected with the first section of the sensing optical fiber arranged on the submarine pipeline, injects pulsed light into the sensing optical fiber, and acquires temperature and vibration information along the pipeline by receiving and demodulating Rayleigh light scattering and Raman light scattering;
and the upper computer controls the starting of the multi-parameter monitoring and demodulating unit through the optical switch module and receives signals collected by the multi-parameter monitoring and demodulating unit.
Winding the sensing optical fiber on an underwater pipeline, wherein the head end of the sensing optical fiber is connected to a multi-parameter monitoring demodulation unit; the temperature and vibration signals demodulated by the multi-parameter monitoring and demodulating unit are transmitted to an upper computer for processing and real-time display.
As shown in fig. 3, the multi-parameter monitoring demodulation unit includes: a laser light source module, an acousto-optic modulation module, a signal amplification module, a filtering module, a circulator, a Raman wavelength division multiplexing module and a data acquisition card, wherein,
the laser light source module emits a narrow-linewidth low-frequency phase-shifting dry light signal with the central wavelength of 1550 nm;
the acousto-optic modulation module modulates the optical signal into periodic pulse optical signals with high and low power;
the pulse optical signals are amplified by the signal amplification module, filtered by the filtering module, coupled to the Raman wavelength division multiplexing module through the circulator and then enter the sensing optical fiber; the amplification module is an erbium-doped amplifier (EDFA).
The Raman wavelength division multiplexing module is also used for distinguishing Raman scattering light and Rayleigh scattering light from the scattering signals of the single sensing optical cable and demodulating the Rayleigh scattering light signals and the Raman scattering light signals in a shunt way;
and the data acquisition card is used for respectively acquiring Rayleigh scattering signals and Raman scattering signals and transmitting the Rayleigh scattering signals and the Raman scattering signals to an upper computer.
When the optical switch module is triggered, the optical signal emitted by the laser light source module enters the sensing optical fiber through the circulator after pulse modulation, amplification and filtering.
Further comprising: the Raman wavelength division multiplexing device comprises a photoelectric detector and an avalanche photodiode, wherein the photoelectric detector is connected with the circulator, rayleigh scattered light signals divided by the Raman wavelength division multiplexing module are converted through the photoelectric detector after passing through the circulator, and the avalanche photodiode is connected with the other light splitting output end of the Raman wavelength division multiplexing module and transmits the Raman scattered light signals to the data acquisition card.
The method realizes the measurement of the vibration information by demodulating the backward Rayleigh scattering signal of the sensing optical fiber; the temperature information is measured by demodulating the backward Raman scattering signal of the photosensitive fiber. The method realizes real-time monitoring of the submarine pipeline from two aspects of temperature and vibration, realizes monitoring and positioning of leakage events by acquiring information of temperature and vibration changes caused by submarine pipeline leakage, and transmits the information to an upper computer for real-time display.
For temperature parameter demodulation, the acousto-optic modulation module needs higher optical power because the anti-Stokes scattered light is weaker, otherwise, the signal-to-noise ratio of temperature demodulation is lower, and the temperature demodulation result is influenced. By adopting the laser light source module with narrow line width, the nonlinear effect is easy to generate under high power, which can bring influence on the result of multi-parameter measurement. In a multi-parameter measurement system, a wavelength division multiplexing technology and a pulse modulation technology are adopted to provide a high-power and low-power pulse sequence for a monitoring system, so that a spontaneous scattering signal with a high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained, a better vibration and temperature signal demodulation effect is achieved, and multipoint distributed optical fiber vibration and temperature measurement is realized on a single sensing optical fiber.
The Raman wavelength division multiplexing module is used for distinguishing Raman scattering light and Rayleigh scattering light from scattering signals of a single sensing optical cable and demodulating the Rayleigh scattering signals and the Raman scattering signals in a shunt way. When leakage occurs along the pipeline, temperature and vibration transformation can be generated around the leakage point position due to leakage, and the acquisition and measurement of the pipeline vibration information and the temperature information along the pipeline by utilizing a single optical cable can be realized by demodulating two paths of scattered light information.
The working process of the multi-parameter monitoring demodulation unit of the submarine pipeline comprises the following steps: the laser light source module emits narrow-linewidth low-frequency phase-shifting dry light with the central wavelength of 1550nm, an optical signal is modulated into periodic pulse optical signals with high power and low power by an acousto-optic modulator AOM, the periodic pulse optical signals are amplified by an erbium-doped amplifier (EDFA), spontaneous radiation noise is filtered by a filter, and the filtered pulse optical signals are coupled to a Raman wavelength division multiplexer by a circulator and then enter a sensing optical fiber.
After the pulse light is injected into the sensing optical fiber, when a pipeline leakage event occurs along the optical cable, rayleigh scattering, stokes Raman scattering and anti-Stokes Raman scattering signals are generated and can change, the three kinds of scattering light return to the Raman wavelength division multiplexer along the backward scattering of the sensing optical fiber, the Stokes Raman scattering light and the anti-Stokes Raman scattering light in the backward scattering light are extracted through two filtering ports with different wavelength bandwidths of 1450nm and 1663nm of the Raman wavelength division multiplexer, and photoelectric conversion is performed through a double-path Avalanche Photodiode (APD). The back Rayleigh scattering signal enters another Photoelectric Detector (PD) through the circulator to be subjected to photoelectric conversion. And the two paths of electric signals are collected by a data acquisition card (DAQ) and transmitted to a computer for processing and analysis, so that the vibration and temperature information along the pipeline can be obtained by demodulation. The condition of pipeline leakage can be accurately judged through analyzing the temperature and vibration information, and the leakage position can be positioned.
When a leakage event occurs in the submarine pipeline, vibration and temperature information change around the leakage point due to leakage of liquid in the pipeline. When leakage occurs, the system can monitor the change of temperature and vibration information of a certain position along the pipeline in real time, and then the leakage position is located. When the leakage does not occur, the temperature and vibration information along the pipeline cannot change in a large fluctuation mode, so that the monitoring system cannot respond, and the occurrence of the leakage event along the pipeline is judged. The multi-parameter real-time monitoring system of the single optical cable can improve the monitoring accuracy, and avoid the problem that false alarm is generated due to the occurrence of natural disasters such as submarine earthquake, tsunami, climate change and the like when single vibration or temperature information is used for monitoring the submarine pipeline. Meanwhile, the invention realizes the measurement and collection of multi-parameter information by using a single optical cable by introducing the pulse power modulation and Raman wavelength division multiplexing module, and reduces the difficulty and workload of optical cable laying construction in a complex seabed environment.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for monitoring leakage of a subsea pipeline, comprises:
spirally winding the sensing optical fiber on the submarine pipeline;
injecting pulse light into the sensing optical fiber; the method comprises the following steps:
emitting a narrow-linewidth low-frequency phase-shifting dry optical signal with the central wavelength of 1550 nm; modulating the optical signal into high and low power periodic pulse optical signals;
the pulse light signals are coupled to the entrance sensing optical fiber through the circulator after being amplified and filtered.
Demodulating signals received by the sensing optical fiber, and separating Rayleigh scattering optical signals from Raman scattering optical signals; the method comprises the following steps: a Raman wavelength division multiplexing module is adopted to distinguish Raman scattering optical signals and Rayleigh scattering optical signals from scattering signals of a single sensing optical cable, and the Rayleigh scattering optical signals and the Raman scattering optical signals are demodulated in a shunt way;
the separated Rayleigh scattering light signals are converted through a photoelectric detector after passing through a circulator;
the separated Raman scattering optical signals are transmitted to a data acquisition card through an avalanche photodiode.
Analyzing the Rayleigh scattered light signals and the Raman scattered light signals to obtain temperature and vibration information along the pipeline;
and judging whether leakage occurs and positioning according to the temperature and vibration information. The determination of location and leakage includes: the system receives Rayleigh scattered light signals and Raman scattered light signals, starts timing when pulse light is emitted, receives backward Rayleigh scattered light signals and Raman scattered light signals, determines that leakage occurs at positions corresponding to the Rayleigh scattered light signals and the Raman scattered light signals when amplitude and phase of the Rayleigh scattered light signals and amplitude of the Raman scattered light signals change, and positions the leakage point according to time and transmission speed calculation of light. When no leakage occurs, the amplitudes of the rayleigh scattered light signal and the raman scattered light signal are approximate constant values.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A subsea pipeline leak monitoring system, the system comprising:
the sensing optical fiber is spirally wound on the submarine pipeline;
the multi-parameter monitoring and demodulating unit is connected with the first section of the sensing optical fiber arranged on the submarine pipeline, injects pulsed light into the sensing optical fiber, and acquires temperature and vibration information along the pipeline by receiving and demodulating Rayleigh scattered light signals and Raman scattered light signals;
and the upper computer controls the starting of the multi-parameter monitoring demodulation unit through the optical switch module and receives signals collected by the multi-parameter monitoring demodulation unit.
2. The subsea pipeline leak monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the multi-parameter monitoring demodulation unit comprises: a laser light source module, an acousto-optic modulation module, a signal amplification module, a filtering module, a circulator, a Raman wavelength division multiplexing module and a data acquisition card, wherein,
the laser light source module emits a narrow-linewidth low-frequency phase-shifting dry light signal with the central wavelength of 1550 nm;
the acousto-optic modulation module modulates the optical signal into periodic pulse optical signals with high and low power;
the pulse optical signals are amplified by the signal amplification module, filtered by the filtering module, coupled to the Raman wavelength division multiplexing module through the circulator and then enter the sensing optical fiber;
the Raman wavelength division multiplexing module is also used for distinguishing Raman scattering light and Rayleigh scattering light from the scattering signals of the single sensing optical cable and demodulating the Rayleigh scattering light signals and the Raman scattering light signals in a shunt way;
and the data acquisition card respectively acquires Rayleigh scattering signals and Raman scattering signals and transmits the Rayleigh scattering signals and the Raman scattering signals to the upper computer.
3. The submarine pipeline leakage monitoring system according to claim 2, wherein said multiparameter monitoring/demodulating unit further comprises a photodetector and an avalanche photodiode, said photodetector is connected to said circulator, the rayleigh scattered light signal split by said raman wavelength division multiplexing module is converted by said photodetector after passing through said circulator, and said avalanche photodiode is connected to another split output of said raman wavelength division multiplexing module and transmits the raman scattered light signal to a data acquisition card.
4. The subsea pipeline leak monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the upper computer locates the leak point based on the time at which the rayleigh scattered light signal and the raman scattered light signal return and the change in the amplitude of the rayleigh scattered light signal and the raman scattered light signal.
5. A method of subsea pipeline leak monitoring, comprising:
spirally winding the sensing optical fiber on the submarine pipeline;
injecting pulse light into the sensing optical fiber;
demodulating signals received by the sensing optical fiber, and separating Rayleigh scattering optical signals from Raman scattering optical signals;
analyzing the Rayleigh scattered light signals and the Raman scattered light signals to obtain temperature and vibration information along the pipeline;
and judging whether leakage occurs and positioning according to the temperature and vibration information.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein injecting pulsed light into the sensing fiber comprises:
emitting a narrow-linewidth low-frequency phase-shifting dry optical signal with the central wavelength of 1550 nm; modulating the optical signal into high and low power periodic pulse optical signals;
the pulse light signals are coupled to the entrance sensing optical fiber through the circulator after being amplified and filtered.
7. The subsea pipeline leak monitoring method of claim 5, wherein demodulating the signal received by the sensing fiber and separating the rayleigh scattered light signal from the raman scattered light signal comprises: a Raman wavelength division multiplexing module is adopted to distinguish Raman scattering optical signals and Rayleigh scattering optical signals from scattering signals of a single sensing optical cable, and the Rayleigh scattering optical signals and the Raman scattering optical signals are demodulated in a shunt way;
the separated Rayleigh scattering light signals are converted through a photoelectric detector after passing through a circulator;
the separated Raman scattering optical signals are transmitted to a data acquisition card through an avalanche photodiode.
8. The subsea pipeline leak monitoring method of claim 5, wherein determining whether to leak and locate based on the temperature and vibration information comprises: and positioning the leakage point according to the return time of the Rayleigh scattered light signal and the Raman scattered light signal and the change of the amplitude of the Rayleigh scattered light signal and the Raman scattered light signal.
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| CN116295788A (en) * | 2023-04-07 | 2023-06-23 | 长扬科技(北京)股份有限公司 | Multi-mode natural gas leakage detection system and method |
| CN116858295A (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2023-10-10 | 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江) | Offshore island protection monitoring system and method based on distributed optical cable |
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