CN115780490B - Regeneration method of large-area heavy metal contaminated soil in cold region - Google Patents
Regeneration method of large-area heavy metal contaminated soil in cold region Download PDFInfo
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- CN115780490B CN115780490B CN202310080093.2A CN202310080093A CN115780490B CN 115780490 B CN115780490 B CN 115780490B CN 202310080093 A CN202310080093 A CN 202310080093A CN 115780490 B CN115780490 B CN 115780490B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a regeneration method of large-area heavy metal contaminated soil in cold areas, which comprises the following steps: s1, heavy metal pollution monitoring; s2, dividing repair areas, and dividing the pollution degree into light pollution, moderate pollution and heavy pollution according to a comprehensive pollution index method; s3, ploughing and crushing the soil, controlling the grain diameter below 5cm, uniformly sprinkling the modified biochar-corynebacterium glutamicum mixed material into the soil, deep ploughing and uniformly mixing by using a rotary cultivator, stirring for 20-30cm, and determining whether sprinkling water according to the water content of the soil in the field after ploughing so that the water content of the soil is 65-75% of the maximum field water holding capacity; s4, curing the soil obtained in the step 3 by covering a plastic film, and standing for 7-10 d to enable the mixed material to fully react with the soil; s5, spraying and seeding the base material; s6, monitoring repairing effect. The invention is based on the condition of the cold area, has low cost, is environment-friendly and pollution-free, meets the requirement of ecological restoration of soil, and is suitable for large-area implementation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation; in particular to a regeneration method of large-area heavy metal contaminated soil in cold areas.
Background
With the rapid development of global economy, heavy metal-containing pollutants enter the soil environment in various forms, and pollution is becoming serious. These waste soils contaminated with heavy metals severely destroy the surrounding ecological environment and directly or indirectly threaten the life health of surrounding residents through various routes. Through the continuous exploration and development in recent years, the remediation technology for treating the heavy metal pollution of the soil mainly comprises physical remediation, chemical remediation and biological remediation, and the methods can reduce the pollution degree of the heavy metal in the soil to a certain extent, but have limitations, such as expensive investment of the physical remediation and chemical remediation technology, larger destructiveness on soil properties, soil layer structures and biodiversity, and are not suitable for large-area polluted soil; the bioremediation technology is not thorough in repair and long in aging. Especially in cold areas, due to climate influence, the existing repair technology has poor repair effect on heavy metal soil and has the problems of heavy metal activation, overflow and the like. In recent years, the repair mode of multiple methods becomes a hot spot for people to study, and the method has the advantages of remarkably enhanced repair effect, quick response and the like, and has a great application prospect in the field of heavy metal soil repair. The biochar has good adsorption effect on heavy metal cations Cd, pb, cu and the like, and the adsorption capacity is superior to that of most other agricultural and forestry wastes and active carbon. However, in the actual application in cold regions, the adsorption effect is affected, and the expected effect is difficult to achieve. Therefore, the carbon-based composite material taking the modified biochar as a main body and loaded with low-temperature microorganism bacteria is prepared, and the pellet spray seeding technology is assisted, so that not only can the adsorption rate of Pb, cd and other heavy metal pollutants in soil in cold regions be improved and the bioavailability of the heavy metal pollutants be reduced, but also the possibility is created for realizing species diversity and multi-level ecological functions. The method has the advantages of good repairing effect, convenient management and high social acceptance, and is suitable for wide application in large-area heavy metal contaminated soil treatment engineering.
The patent of publication number CN109604330a provides a system and method for repairing contaminated soil in cold areas by microorganisms in winter, repairing contaminated soil by microorganisms, forming a trench in the lower portion of the contaminated soil, adding fermentation material into the trench, transferring heat to the contaminated soil by a blower and an air duct to maintain the temperature at which microorganisms grow in the contaminated soil, repairing contaminated soil. This method is not suitable for large-area implementation and has a long repair period.
The patent publication No. CN107115840A discloses a carbon-based composite material for repairing arsenic-cadmium contaminated soil, which is uniformly scattered on the surface of the composite contaminated soil according to the soil pollution degree and physicochemical property and the application amount of 22.5-67.5 t/hm < 2 >, and then soil with the surface of 0-10cm is immediately ploughed, so that the carbon-based composite material is uniformly mixed with the surface soil to adsorb heavy metal pollutants such As As, cd and the like in the soil. The method does not take into account the effect of the climate on the repair effect.
The patent publication No. CN108251118A discloses a biochar and soil heavy metal stabilization medicament and a preparation method thereof, wherein the biochar and soil heavy metal stabilization medicament is prepared by mixing and crushing several biomass raw materials, placing the crushed biomass raw materials in a vacuum tank, adding nitrogen for heating, and pyrolyzing the mixture to obtain the biochar, thereby repairing heavy metal polluted soil. The method has the problems of low repairing efficiency and unstable effect.
The patent with publication No. CN1923720A is a method for solidifying heavy metal ions by microorganisms, and the strain is cultured in an enlarged manner. The bacillus barbiturae strain is inoculated in a urea culture medium, shake culture is carried out, then the solution is added into soil containing heavy metal ions to generate microorganism-heavy metal composite floccules, and further water-insoluble carbonate is generated. The method has the problems that the selected strain is not suitable for a cold environment and the repairing effect is poor in the cold environment.
Patent publication No. CN108672482A discloses a heavy metal fixing agent and a method for solidifying heavy metal contaminated soil. The method comprises the steps of crushing polluted soil by using a crusher, selecting modified expanded vermiculite as a pretreatment curing group, and selecting an excitation curing group comprising slaked lime, chitosan, sodium silicate and fly ash to temper the polluted soil. The method has the advantages of simple process, low cost and easy acquisition of materials, but has the defect of needing long-term monitoring after repair and consuming manpower and material resources due to the utilization of a curing technology.
The biochar-microorganism combined restoration method can realize the in-situ property of the treatment process, has low cost and permanent effect, has the advantages of simple post-treatment, environmental aesthetic compatibility and the like by matching with the granule spray seeding technology, is a good choice for treating heavy metal contaminated soil, and has wide application prospect, various advantages and obvious environmental, economic and social benefits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a regeneration method of large-area heavy metal contaminated soil in cold areas, which is low in cost, environment-friendly and pollution-free, meets the requirement of ecological restoration of soil, and is suitable for large-area implementation.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a regeneration method of large-area heavy metal contaminated soil in cold areas comprises the following steps:
s1, heavy metal pollution monitoring;
s2, dividing repair areas, and dividing the pollution degree into light pollution, moderate pollution and heavy pollution according to a comprehensive pollution index method;
s3, ploughing and crushing the soil, controlling the grain diameter below 5cm, uniformly sprinkling the modified biochar-corynebacterium glutamicum mixed material into the soil, deep ploughing and uniformly mixing by using a rotary cultivator, stirring for 20-30cm, and determining whether sprinkling water according to the water content of the soil in the field after ploughing so that the water content of the soil is 65-75% of the maximum field water holding capacity;
s4, curing the soil obtained in the step S3 by covering a plastic film, and standing for 7-10 d to enable the mixed material to fully react with the soil;
s5, spraying a base material, namely spraying a base material on a region to be repaired, wherein the base material comprises a nutrition layer and a seed layer, and plant seeds in the seed layer are seeds with enrichment indexes and transport coefficients being larger than 1;
s6, monitoring repairing effect: soil samples and plant samples are collected at original sampling points, the heavy metal content is actually measured in a laboratory, and the change condition of the heavy metal ions in soil and vegetation in a research area is monitored by using an inversion model.
Preferably, the step S1 specifically includes the following steps: collecting surface soil samples with the depth of 0-20 cm in a 50 x 50m uniform point distribution mode in a research area, and recording position information of sampling points by using a high-precision GPS during sampling; pretreating a sample in a laboratory, and measuring the heavy metal content of the sample by using a portable ground object spectrometer; acquiring a field hyperspectral image by using an unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted hyperspectral sensor, determining a characteristic wave band of inversion soil heavy metal element content by adopting a correlation analysis and stepwise regression algorithm on the basis of carrying out various transformations on original spectrum data, establishing a hyperspectral estimation model of inversion soil heavy metal content by using a partial least squares regression method, and calculating the heavy metal content of a to-be-detected research area by using the inversion model;
the unmanned aerial vehicle adopts a DJI matrix 600 Pro unmanned aerial vehicle, and the research time requires clear weather, no wind, no precipitation or artificial interference in nearly five days; the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 100m, and the spatial resolution of the hyperspectral image is 0.043m.
Preferably, the comprehensive pollution index method in the step S2 can reflect the pollution degree of various heavy metals to the region, and when the comprehensive pollution index is more than 1 and less than or equal to 2, the region is slightly polluted; when P is more than 2 and less than or equal to 3, the pollution is moderate; when P is more than 3, the pollution is heavy.
Preferably, the dosage of the modified charcoal-corynebacterium glutamicum mixed material in the step S3 is 5t/hm in the slightly polluted area 2 Medium contaminated areas 10t/hm 2 20t/hm in heavily contaminated areas 2 。
Preferably, the thickness of the nutrition layer in the step S5 is 2cm; the nutrient layer comprises cultivated soil, turfy soil, shredded coconut fiber, rice fiber, organic fertilizer, rice hull, slow release fertilizer, water-retaining agent, adhesive and soil conditioner; ploughing and planting soil: turfy soil: coconut fiber: rice fiber: organic fertilizer: the volume ratio of the rice hulls is 1:0.1:0.1:0.15:0.4:0.1; slow release fertilizer: and (3) a water-retaining agent: and (2) an adhesive: the mass ratio of the soil conditioner is 4:0.1:0.05:0.05; the mass of the slow release fertilizer used for cultivating and planting soil per 1 cubic meter of the nutrition layer is 4kg.
Preferably, the thickness of the seed layer in the step S5 is 3cm; comprises cultivated soil, turfy soil, organic fertilizer, rice fiber, rice hull, quick-acting fertilizer, water-retaining agent, adhesive and soil conditioner; ploughing and planting soil: turfy soil: organic fertilizer: rice fiber: the volume ratio of the rice hulls is 1:0.4:0.1:0.3:0.2; quick-acting fertilizer: and (3) a water-retaining agent: and (2) an adhesive: the mass of the soil conditioner is 6:0.2:0.02:0.01; the mass of the quick-acting fertilizer used for cultivating and planting soil per 1 cubic meter of seed layer is 6kg.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer in the step S5 is a biological organic fertilizer containing organic matters;
the slow release fertilizer comprises a special compound fertilizer and calcium superphosphate; the special compound fertilizer is a fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, wherein the weight ratio of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium is 12:9:9, a step of performing the process; the weight ratio of the special compound fertilizer to the calcium superphosphate is 1:1;
the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide type water-retaining agent;
the adhesive is polyacrylate;
the soil conditioner comprises, by weight, 40-50 parts of sepiolite powder, 15-25 parts of straw, 2-5 parts of microbial agents, 5-10 parts of biochar, 2-5 parts of chlorine element, 1-4 parts of potassium element, 0.3-0.7 part of copper element and 35-50 parts of water; the bacterial strain contained in the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis;
the quick-acting fertilizer is diammonium phosphate.
Preferably, the seeds of the seed layer are mixed seeds of shrubs and flowers, the types and mass proportions of the seeds are amorpha fruticosa, alfalfa, ryegrass, coreopsis grandiflora, rape=3:2:3.5:1:2, and the seed dosage is 35g per square meter.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified charcoal-corynebacterium glutamicum mixed material in the step S3 comprises the following steps:
s31, removing impurities after the corn stalks are air-dried, and crushing the corn stalks by a crusher and sieving the crushed corn stalks by a 2 mm sieve for later use;
s32, placing the air-dried and sieved corn straws into a crucible, compacting, placing into a muffle furnace, raising the temperature to the set temperature of 600 ℃ at a rate of 10 ℃ min < -1 > under the anoxic condition, keeping for 2 hours, naturally cooling, and taking out;
s33, washing the biochar with water for 3-5 times after soaking until no obvious ash is seen in the washing water body, and then washing the biochar for 10 minutes by using an ultrasonic washing machine; drying the cleaned biochar to constant weight by using a drying oven at 70 ℃ to obtain the biochar;
s34, placing the obtained biochar in a Cacl 2 Stirring uniformly in the solution, soaking for 24 hours, and then placing in a baking oven for baking to obtain a solid mixture;
s35 placing the solid mixture obtained in the step S34 at 20% H 2 O 2 The solution is fully reacted for 2 hours, is filtered, is washed with ionized water for a plurality of times, is dried in a baking oven at 70 ℃, and is naturally cooled to obtain modified biochar;
s36, mixing the modified charcoal material prepared in the step S35 with low-temperature microbial liquid according to 0.5-1 g: after 50-100 mL of the modified biochar is inoculated in a mass-volume ratio, shake culturing is carried out for 24 hours in a shaking table at 180r/min at 35 ℃, and thus the fixation of the modified biochar to microorganisms is completed;
s37, separating the modified biochar in the step S36 to obtain the modified biochar-corynebacterium glutamicum composite material.
Preferably, the particle size of the modified biochar-corynebacterium glutamicum mixed material in the step S3 is 30-100 meshes;
step S34 the Cacl 2 The concentration of the solution is 0.25mol/L, and the concentration of the biochar and the Cacl are as follows 2 The mass volume ratio of the solution is 1g: 25-30 mL;
step S35 is performed on the modified biochar and H 2 O 2 The mass volume ratio of the solution is 1g:10mL;
the low-temperature microorganism bacterium liquid in the step S36 is corynebacterium glutamicum liquid, and OD 600 The value is 0.4,2 multiplied by 10 7 Inoculating bacterial materials of CFU/mL into 1000mL liquid culture medium according to the proportion of 2%, and performing shake culture for 48 hours at 10 ℃ and 160r/min to obtain bacterial strain fermentation liquor;
the liquid culture medium comprises 3g of beef extract, 5g of peptone, 5g of NaCl, using deionized water to fix the volume to 900ml, placing the beef extract and the NaCl into an autoclave, sterilizing the beef extract and the NaCl for 25min at 121 ℃, adding 100ml of urea solution with the concentration of 150g/L when the culture medium returns to room temperature after sterilization, filtering the urea solution with a 0.45 mu m filter membrane, and using NaOH solution to adjust the pH value of the culture medium to 7;
the method for separating the modified biochar in the step S37 comprises the following steps: standing the solution obtained in the step 6, and removing the supernatant after the biochar is precipitated.
The existing physical and chemical restoration technology is expensive in investment, is not suitable for large-area implementation, has high destructiveness on soil properties, soil layer structures and biodiversity, is easy to produce secondary pollution, and is low in cost, environment-friendly and pollution-free, meets the requirement of ecological restoration of soil, and suitable for large-area implementation.
The existing repair technology has poor pertinence, and does not pay attention to the problems of heavy metal overflow and the like caused by climate conditions. The invention is based on the site conditions of cold areas, adopts the repairing materials and the repairing methods suitable for the local environment, and remarkably improves the repairing effect.
Soil environmental changes can adversely affect plant growth, which is of little concern with conventional bioremediation techniques. The granule spray seeding technology adopted by the invention reduces the influence of climate on the soil restoration effect by establishing a protection system above the polluted soil, and provides good site conditions for plant growth.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention solves the technical problems of unstable restoration effect and easy activation and overflow of heavy metal polluted soil in cold environment by adding modified biochar, low-temperature microorganism and multilayer spray seeding on the polluted soil to establish a protection system; the hyperspectral technology of the unmanned aerial vehicle is utilized to realize large-area in-situ monitoring, so that the heavy metal pollution of the soil can be monitored rapidly and actively in real time, and the degree, type and depth of the heavy metal pollution of the large-area soil can be mastered, so that the heavy metal pollution of the large-area soil can be discovered and treated early. The partition restoration is carried out according to the monitoring result, so that the problems of rough and non-targeted existing restoration technology are solved. The modified biochar-low-temperature microorganism bacterium-aggregate spray seeding combined repair technology is environment-friendly, pollution-free, economical and convenient, and solves the problems of high investment and secondary pollution in the prior art.
In particular to the following points:
(1) The traditional detection method has complex flow and cannot realize large-area monitoring, and the hyperspectral remote sensing technology can realize large-area in-situ monitoring, can rapidly and actively monitor the heavy metal pollution of soil in real time and master the degree, type and depth of the heavy metal pollution of the large-area soil. So as to find and treat the disease early.
(2) Freezing and thawing action in cold areas and lowering of soil pH can dissolve out heavy metals immobilized by biochar. Aiming at the soil type and climate characteristics of cold areas, the modified biochar-low-temperature microorganism composite material adopted by the invention has stable performance, can well cope with cold climates, reduces the dissolution of heavy metal ions, and effectively improves the heavy metal pollution of soil.
(3) Compared with the traditional single restoration method, the combined restoration method adopted by the invention can restore the polluted soil more efficiently. The biochar functional group can interact with heavy metal ions to reduce soil toxicity, microorganisms planted in the biochar can further degrade and adsorb inorganic pollutants, and the microorganism bacteria and the biochar can promote root growth and activity, so that the absorption of the pollutants by plants is facilitated.
(4) According to the invention, the vegetation is carefully selected and repaired according to the pollutant types, and the vegetation is reasonably matched and combined, so that the vegetation repairing mechanism is fully exerted, the ecological soil repairing is satisfied, the water and soil are effectively maintained, and the possibility is created for realizing species diversity and multi-level ecological functions.
(5) The spray seeding technology has low planting cost, good repairing effect, convenient management and high social acceptance, and is suitable for wide application in large-area heavy metal contaminated soil treatment engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of steps S3-S5;
in the figure, 1-modified biochar, low-temperature microorganism bacteria liquid, planting soil mixture, 2-nutrition layer, 3-seed layer, 4-shrub and 5-grass flower.
Description of the embodiments
As shown in fig. 1, embodiments of the present invention will be described below, it being apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
S1, restoring soil in a heavy metal mining area in a Chong-joss area, wherein before restoration, sunny and windless weather is selected, a site hyperspectral image is obtained by using DJI matrix 600 Pro, and meanwhile, soil sampling is carried out by dividing 50 x 50m sample sides in a polluted area, wherein the sampling depth is 0-20 cm soil surface layers. Removing plant rhizome residues, tiles and other invading bodies in the soil sample, performing natural air drying indoors, grinding, sieving through a 1 mm hole sieve, and sampling and analyzing the heavy metal components and the content of the soil by using a portable ground object spectrometer. Preprocessing the image by using GIS software, establishing a hyperspectral estimation model for inverting the heavy metal content of the soil by using a partial least squares regression method, and calculating the heavy metal content and distribution condition of a to-be-detected research area. The flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 100m, and the spatial resolution of the hyperspectral image is 0.043m.
The investigation shows that the average content of Cd, pb and Zn in the soil is obviously higher than the soil risk screening value, and the average content reaches Pb265.74mg/kg, zn394.25mg/kg and Cd184.36mg/kg respectively, and the method for jointly repairing the heavy metal soil by utilizing the modified biochar-low-temperature microorganism bacterium-aggregate spray seeding technology comprises the following steps:
s2, dividing repair areas, and dividing pollution degrees into light pollution, heavy pollution and heavy pollution according to a comprehensive pollution index method. The comprehensive pollution index method can reflect the pollution degree of various heavy metals to the region, and when the comprehensive pollution index is more than 1 and less than or equal to 2, the region is slightly polluted; when P is more than 2 and less than or equal to 3, the pollution is moderate; when P is more than 3, the pollution is heavy.
S3, ploughing and crushing the soil, controlling the grain diameter below 5cm, uniformly spraying the modified biochar-corynebacterium glutamicum mixed material into the soil, and deep ploughing and uniformly mixing by using a rotary cultivator for 20-30cm. The dosage of the modified biochar-corynebacterium glutamicum mixed material is as follows: lightly contaminated areas 5t/hm2, moderately contaminated areas 10t/hm2, and heavily contaminated areas 20t/hm2. Sprinkling water to the soil to make the water content of the soil be 65-75% of the maximum field water holding capacity.
The particle size of the modified biochar-corynebacterium glutamicum mixed material is 30-100 meshes;
the preparation method of the modified biochar-corynebacterium glutamicum mixed material comprises the following steps:
s31, removing impurities after the corn stalks are air-dried, and crushing the corn stalks by a crusher and sieving the crushed corn stalks by a 2 mm sieve for later use;
s32, placing the air-dried and sieved corn straws into a crucible, compacting, placing into a muffle furnace, raising the temperature to the set temperature of 600 ℃ at a rate of 10 ℃ min < -1 > under the anoxic condition, keeping for 2 hours, naturally cooling, and taking out;
s33, washing the biochar with water for 3-5 times after soaking until no obvious ash is seen in the washing water body, and then washing the biochar for 10 minutes by using an ultrasonic washing machine; drying the cleaned biochar to constant weight by using a drying oven at 70 ℃ to obtain the biochar;
s34, placing the obtained biochar in a Cacl 2 Stirring uniformly in the solution, soaking for 24 hours, and then placing in a baking oven for baking to obtain a solid mixture; the Cacl 2 The concentration of the solution is 0.25mol/L, and the concentration of the biochar and the Cacl are as follows 2 The mass volume ratio of the solution is 1g: 25-30 mL;
s35 placing the solid mixture obtained in the step S34 at 20% H 2 O 2 The solution is fully reacted for 2 hours, is filtered, is washed with ionized water for a plurality of times, is dried in a baking oven at 70 ℃, and is naturally cooled to obtain modified biochar; the modified biochar and H 2 O 2 The mass volume ratio of the solution is 1g:10mL;
s36, mixing the modified charcoal material prepared in the step S35 with low-temperature microbial liquid according to 0.5-1 g: after 50-100 mL of the modified biochar is inoculated in a mass-volume ratio, shake culturing is carried out for 24 hours in a shaking table at 180r/min at 35 ℃, and thus the fixation of the modified biochar to microorganisms is completed; the low-temperature microorganism bacterial liquid is corynebacterium glutamicum liquid, and OD 600 The value is 0.4,2 multiplied by 10 7 Inoculating bacterial materials of CFU/mL into 1000mL liquid culture medium according to the proportion of 2%, and performing shake culture for 48 hours at 10 ℃ and 160r/min to obtain bacterial strain fermentation liquor;
the liquid culture medium comprises 3g of beef extract, 5g of peptone, 5g of NaCl, using deionized water to fix the volume to 900ml, placing the beef extract and the NaCl into an autoclave, sterilizing the beef extract and the NaCl for 25min at 121 ℃, adding 100ml of urea solution with the concentration of 150g/L when the culture medium returns to room temperature after sterilization, filtering the urea solution with a 0.45 mu m filter membrane, and using NaOH solution to adjust the pH value of the culture medium to 7;
s37, separating the modified biochar in the step S36 to obtain the modified biochar-corynebacterium glutamicum composite material. The method for separating the modified biochar comprises the following steps: standing the solution obtained in the step 6, and removing the supernatant after the biochar is precipitated.
S4, curing the uniformly mixed soil by covering a plastic film, and standing for 7-10 d to enable the mixed material to fully react with the soil.
S5, spraying and seeding the base material, namely spraying and seeding the base material in the area to be repaired, and spraying and seeding the base material in two layers of the nutrition layer and the seed layer. The thickness of the nutritional layer is 2cm, and every 100 square meter materials are as follows: 3m of cultivated soil, 0.3m of turfy soil and 0.3m of shredded coconut fibers; rice fiber 0.45 m; 1.2m of organic fertilizer, 0.3m of rice husk, 12kg of slow release fertilizer, 0.3kg of water-retaining agent, 0.15kg of adhesive and 0.15kg of soil conditioner. The seed layer is 3cm thick, every 100 square meter materials are as follows: 4m of cultivated soil, 1.6m of turfy soil, 0.4m of organic fertilizer, 1.2m of rice fiber, 0.8m of rice husk, 24kg of quick-acting fertilizer, 0.8kg of water-retaining agent, 0.08kg of adhesive and 0.04kg of soil conditioner; the slow release agent is potassium permanganate slow release agent; the soil conditioner comprises, by weight, 40-50 parts of sepiolite powder, 15-25 parts of straw, 2-5 parts of a biological agent, 5-10 parts of biochar, 2-5 parts of chlorine element, 1-4 parts of potassium element, 0.3-0.7 part of copper element and 35-50 parts of water; the quick-acting fertilizer is diammonium phosphate; the organic fertilizer is a biological organic fertilizer containing functional bacteria and organic matters.
The slow release fertilizer is a special compound fertilizer and calcium superphosphate in a weight ratio of 1:1; the special compound fertilizer is a fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, wherein the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 12:9:9, a step of performing the process; the water-retaining agent is a polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, and has the advantages of long service cycle, good stability and salt tolerance; the adhesive is polyacrylate; the seeds in the surface layer are mixed seeds of Chinese angelica, the plant types and mass ratio of the Chinese angelica are that the Chinese angelica is amorpha, the Chinese alfalfa, the ryegrass, the rape=3:2:3.5:1:2, and the seed dosage is 35 g/square seed layer.
S6, monitoring repairing effect: soil samples and plant samples are collected at original sampling points, the heavy metal content is actually measured in a laboratory, and the change condition of the heavy metal ions in soil and vegetation in a research area is monitored by using an inversion model.
The method effectively reduces the content of Cd, pb and Zn in soil by the combined restoration of modified biochar, low-temperature microorganism and granule spray seeding for three years, wherein the content of Cd in the soil is reduced to 23%, 68% and 85%, the content of Pb in the soil is reduced to 17.3%, 27.8% and 54.1%, and the content of Zn in the soil is reduced to 35%, 59% and 78%. In addition, the use of the modified biochar and the low-temperature microorganism effectively improves the survival rate of the spray-seeding vegetation and promotes the enrichment of the plants on heavy metals, wherein the absorption amounts of the roots, stems and She Duichong metal Cd of the lettuce are respectively increased by 53.75%, 180.24% and 78.34%.
Claims (8)
1. The regeneration method of the large-area heavy metal contaminated soil in the cold area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, heavy metal pollution monitoring;
s2, dividing repair areas, and dividing the pollution degree into light pollution, moderate pollution and heavy pollution according to a comprehensive pollution index method;
s3, ploughing and crushing the soil, controlling the grain diameter below 5cm, uniformly sprinkling the modified biochar-corynebacterium glutamicum mixed material into the soil, deep ploughing and uniformly mixing by using a rotary cultivator, stirring for 20-30cm, and determining whether sprinkling water according to the water content of the soil in the field after ploughing so that the water content of the soil is 65-75% of the maximum field water holding capacity;
s4, curing the soil obtained in the step S3 by covering a plastic film, and standing for 7-10 d to enable the mixed material to fully react with the soil;
s5, spraying a base material, namely spraying a base material on a region to be repaired, wherein the base material comprises a nutrition layer and a seed layer, and plant seeds in the seed layer are seeds with enrichment indexes and transport coefficients being larger than 1;
s6, monitoring repairing effect: collecting soil samples and plant samples at original sampling points, actually measuring heavy metal content in a laboratory, and monitoring the change condition of heavy metal ions in soil and vegetation in a research area by using an inversion model;
the preparation method of the modified charcoal-corynebacterium glutamicum mixed material in the step S3 comprises the following steps:
s31, removing impurities after the corn stalks are air-dried, and crushing the corn stalks by a crusher and sieving the crushed corn stalks by a 2 mm sieve for later use;
s32, placing the air-dried and sieved corn straws into a crucible, compacting, placing into a muffle furnace, raising the temperature to the set temperature of 600 ℃ at a rate of 10 ℃ min < -1 > under the anoxic condition, keeping for 2 hours, naturally cooling, and taking out;
s33, washing the biochar with water for 3-5 times after soaking until ash is not seen in the washing water body, and washing the biochar for 10 minutes by using an ultrasonic washing machine; drying the cleaned biochar to constant weight by using a drying oven at 70 ℃ to obtain the biochar;
s34, placing the biochar obtained in the step S33 in CaCl 2 Stirring uniformly in the solution, soaking for 24 hours, and then placing in a baking oven for baking to obtain a solid mixture;
s35 placing the solid mixture obtained in the step S34 at 20% H 2 O 2 The solution is fully reacted for 2 hours, is filtered, is washed with ionized water for a plurality of times, is dried in a baking oven at 70 ℃, and is naturally cooled to obtain modified biochar;
s36, mixing the modified charcoal material prepared in the step S35 with low-temperature microbial liquid according to 0.5-1 g: after 50-100 mL of the modified biochar is inoculated in a mass-volume ratio, shake culturing is carried out for 24 hours in a shaking table at 180r/min at 35 ℃, and thus the fixation of the modified biochar to microorganisms is completed;
s37, separating the modified biochar in the step S36 to obtain a modified biochar-corynebacterium glutamicum composite material;
s3, the particle size of the modified biochar-corynebacterium glutamicum mixed material is 30-100 meshes;
step S34 CaCl 2 The concentration of the solution is 0.25mol/L, and the concentration of the biochar and CaCl is equal to that of the solution 2 The mass volume ratio of the solution is 1g: 25-30 mL;
step S35 is performed on the modified biochar and H 2 O 2 The mass volume ratio of the solution is 1g:10mL;
the low-temperature microorganism bacterium liquid in the step S36 is corynebacterium glutamicum liquid, and OD 600 The value is 0.4,2 multiplied by 10 7 Inoculating bacterial materials of CFU/mL into 1000mL liquid culture medium according to the proportion of 2%, and performing shake culture for 48 hours at 10 ℃ and 160r/min to obtain corynebacterium glutamicum liquid;
the liquid culture medium comprises 3g of beef extract, 5g of peptone, 5g of NaCl, using deionized water to fix the volume to 900ml, placing the beef extract and the NaCl into an autoclave, sterilizing the beef extract and the NaCl for 25min at 121 ℃, adding 100ml of urea solution with the concentration of 150g/L when the culture medium returns to room temperature after sterilization, filtering the urea solution with a 0.45 mu m filter membrane, and using NaOH solution to adjust the pH value of the culture medium to 7;
the method for separating the modified biochar in the step S37 comprises the following steps: standing the solution obtained in the step S36, and removing the supernatant after the biochar is precipitated.
2. The method for regenerating a large-area heavy metal contaminated soil in a cold area according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 comprises the steps of: collecting surface soil samples with the depth of 0-20 cm in a 50X 50m uniform point distribution mode in a research area, and recording position information of sampling points by using a high-precision GPS during sampling; pretreating a sample in a laboratory, and measuring the heavy metal content of the sample by using a portable ground object spectrometer; acquiring a field hyperspectral image by using an unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted hyperspectral sensor, determining a characteristic wave band of inversion soil heavy metal element content by adopting a correlation analysis and stepwise regression algorithm on the basis of carrying out various transformations on original spectrum data, establishing a hyperspectral estimation model of inversion soil heavy metal content by using a partial least squares regression method, and calculating the heavy metal content of a to-be-detected research area by using the inversion model;
the unmanned aerial vehicle adopts a DJI matrix 600 Pro unmanned aerial vehicle, and the research time requires clear weather, no wind, no precipitation or artificial interference in nearly five days; the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 100m, and the spatial resolution of the hyperspectral image is 0.043m.
3. The method for regenerating large-area heavy metal contaminated soil in cold areas according to claim 1, wherein the comprehensive pollution index method in step S2 can reflect the pollution degree of various heavy metals to the area, and when the comprehensive pollution index is 1 < p.ltoreq.2, the method is light pollution; when P is more than 2 and less than or equal to 3, the pollution is moderate; when P is more than 3, the pollution is heavy.
4. The method for regenerating a large-area heavy metal contaminated soil in a cold area according to claim 1, wherein the modified biochar-corynebacterium glutamicum mixed material in step S3 is used in an amount of 5t/hm in a lightly contaminated area 2 Medium contaminated areas 10t/hm 2 20t/hm in heavily contaminated areas 2 。
5. The method for regenerating a large-area heavy metal contaminated soil in a cold area according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of said nutrient layer in step S5 is 2cm; the nutrient layer comprises cultivated soil, turfy soil, shredded coconut fiber, rice fiber, organic fertilizer, rice hull, slow release fertilizer, water-retaining agent, adhesive and soil conditioner; ploughing and planting soil: turfy soil: coconut fiber: rice fiber: organic fertilizer: the volume ratio of the rice hulls is 1:0.1:0.1:0.15:0.4:0.1; slow release fertilizer: and (3) a water-retaining agent: and (2) an adhesive: the mass ratio of the soil conditioner is 4:0.1:0.05:0.05; the mass of the slow release fertilizer used for cultivating and planting soil per 1 cubic meter of the nutrition layer is 4kg.
6. The method for regenerating a large-area heavy metal contaminated soil in a cold area according to claim 5, wherein the seed layer in step S5 has a thickness of 3cm; comprises cultivated soil, turfy soil, organic fertilizer, rice fiber, rice hull, quick-acting fertilizer, water-retaining agent, adhesive and soil conditioner; ploughing and planting soil: turfy soil: organic fertilizer: rice fiber: the volume ratio of the rice hulls is 1:0.4:0.1:0.3:0.2; quick-acting fertilizer: and (3) a water-retaining agent: and (2) an adhesive: the mass of the soil conditioner is 6:0.2:0.02:0.01; the mass of the quick-acting fertilizer used for cultivating and planting soil per 1 cubic meter of seed layer is 6kg.
7. The method for regenerating large-area heavy metal contaminated soil in cold areas according to claim 6, wherein the organic fertilizer in step S5 is a bio-organic fertilizer containing organic matters;
the slow release fertilizer comprises a special compound fertilizer and calcium superphosphate; the special compound fertilizer is a fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, wherein the weight ratio of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium is 12:9:9, a step of performing the process; the weight ratio of the special compound fertilizer to the calcium superphosphate is 1:1;
the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide type water-retaining agent;
the adhesive is polyacrylate;
the soil conditioner comprises, by weight, 40-50 parts of sepiolite powder, 15-25 parts of straw, 2-5 parts of microbial agents, 5-10 parts of biochar, 2-5 parts of chlorine element, 1-4 parts of potassium element, 0.3-0.7 part of copper element and 35-50 parts of water;
the quick-acting fertilizer is diammonium phosphate.
8. The method for regenerating large-area heavy metal contaminated soil in cold regions according to claim 6, wherein the seeds of the seed layer are mixed seeds of shrubs and flowers, the seed types and the mass ratios are that amorpha fruticosa, alfalfa, veronicastrum makino, rape=3:2:3.5:1:2, and the seed dosage is 35 g/square meter.
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Inventor after: Cao Shengxi Inventor after: Song Zhiyong Inventor after: Xie Xudong Inventor after: Zhao Haiming Inventor after: Xue Rui Inventor after: Zhang Tao Inventor after: Gao Peng Inventor after: Meng Feng Inventor after: Yang Jiamu Inventor before: Song Zhiyong Inventor before: Xie Xudong Inventor before: Zhao Haiming Inventor before: Xue Rui Inventor before: Zhang Tao Inventor before: Cao Shengxi Inventor before: Gao Peng Inventor before: Meng Feng Inventor before: Yang Jiamu |