CN115753274B - A rapid sampling platform and method for columnar sediment samples - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of marine geological exploration, and particularly relates to a rapid sample dividing platform and method for columnar sediment samples. A rapid sample dividing platform for columnar sediment samples comprises an operation table top, a fixed clamping device, a sectioning device and a stepping sample dividing device; a plurality of clamping and fixing devices are arranged on the operation table top at intervals along the length direction; two sides of the fixed clamping device are respectively provided with a sliding rail and a rack guide rail which are parallel to each other; the sectioning device is connected to the sliding rail in a sliding way; one side of the stepping sample separating device is connected to the sliding rail in a sliding way, and the other side of the stepping sample separating device is meshed to the rack guide rail through a gear. The invention can solve the problems of cutting error, aggravated disturbance, exogenous pollution, low efficiency and the like when the columnar sample of the sediment is continuously cut manually, can rapidly and accurately continuously divide the columnar sediment, can adjust and correct the cutting angle according to the actual sampling condition, and improves the rationality and the accuracy of the sample cutting.

Description

A rapid sampling platform and method for columnar sediment samples

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of marine geological exploration, and in particular relates to an accurate subdivision and rapid sampling platform and a sampling method for columnar sediment samples in the marine geological field.

Background technique

Sampling test and in-situ test are two common methods for marine sedimentary environment research. The test contents mainly include dating, sediment grain size, minerals, normal and trace elements, organic carbon and nitrogen, etc.

Sampling tests need to obtain sediment columnar samples from the field first, and then cut the samples at a certain interval in the laboratory for testing. Improper cutting operations may cause problems such as increased disturbance and external pollution, which will affect the accuracy of the test results. In-situ testing is to test the sediment at its original position or basically under the condition of in-situ state, which can effectively avoid the disturbance or pollution of the sample during the process of sampling, storage, cutting, etc., and reflect the sediment more accurately The nature of the actual state. Due to the limitations of technical conditions, testing costs, testing instruments and other factors, and the complex factors affecting the results of in-situ testing, the application of in-situ testing is relatively limited. Sampling testing is still the main means of marine sedimentary environment research at this stage.

At present, there is no device that considers how to reduce disturbance and external pollution and can quickly and accurately segment sediment columnar samples, nor does it consider how to accurately segment samples from the sampling stage. The segmentation of conventional sediment columnar samples is mainly carried out manually. Generally, the obtained sediment columnar samples are longitudinally cut into two semicircular columnar samples, and then the samples are segmented according to the requirements using tools such as soil cutters and comparison scales. .

Generally, the segmentation of sediment columnar samples is often directly vertical to the column length, and this premise is that the collected columnar samples are perpendicular to the sedimentary layer. In fact, the collection of columnar samples is affected by field conditions and stratum distribution, and there is an uncertain angle relationship between columnar samples and sedimentary layers. Especially when finely segmenting with high resolution and small spacing, the accuracy of this segmentation is Debatable. In addition, manual segmentation has problems such as large errors, low efficiency, easy introduction of debris pollution, and vibration disturbance. How to reduce the pollution and disturbance of samples during the cutting process, and quickly and accurately cut sediment columnar samples are technical problems that need to be solved in marine sediment research.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of columnar sediment sample rapid sampling platform, to fill up the technical blank that can not carry out columnar sediment sample segmentation accurately and rapidly at present, propose a kind of sediment columnar sample segmentation method simultaneously, in order to improve Accuracy of sediment sample segmentation.

In order to achieve the above object, a technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: a rapid sampling platform for columnar sediment samples, including an operating table top, a fixed clamping device, a cutting device and a stepping sampling device; A number of clamping and fixing devices are arranged at intervals in the length direction; slide rails and rack guide rails parallel to each other are respectively arranged on both sides of the fixing and clamping devices; the cutting device is slidably connected on the slide rails; the step One side of the sampling device is slidably connected to the slide rail, and the other side is meshed with the rack guide rail through gears.

Further, the fixed clamping device is composed of a fixed base and a fixed hoop, the fixed base is fixed on the operating table; the fixed hoop is hingedly connected to one side of the fixed base, and the fixed hoop can be rotated along the hinge axis to open or close ; The fixed base and the fixed hoop have semicircular grooves with the same radius.

Further, the hinged side of the fixed hoop is provided with a tightening device, and the tightening device includes a tightening screw and a fixed pin; the lower end of the fixed pin is connected to the operating table, and the upper end is provided with a nut; The tightening screw passes through the nut and can move back and forth along the nut, thereby tightening or loosening the side of the fixing hoop.

Further, a long slot is opened on the top of the fixing hoop, and the fixing bolt passes through the long slot and is fixed to the operating table.

Further, the cutting device includes a cutting knife, a T-shaped slide rail, a T-shaped slide block and a slide block, the horizontal part of the T-shaped slide block is assembled on the slide rail; the vertical part of the T-shaped slide block The part is assembled with the vertical part of the T-shaped slide rail; the horizontal part of the T-shaped slide rail is assembled with the slider; one end of the slider is fixed with the motor, and the motor is connected with the cutting knife.

Further, the step-by-step sampling device is composed of a bracket, an angler, a step handle, and a sample-dividing blade; There are gears; the middle part of the bracket is provided with an annular chute; an angler is installed in the annular chute; vertically arranged sample dividing blades are installed on the angler.

Further, the gear is connected with a handle.

Further, scale lines are marked on the operating table along the arrangement direction of the fixing and clamping devices.

Another technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a method for rapid sample division of columnar sediment samples, which utilizes the described sample division platform to segment the sample, specifically comprising the following steps:

(1) First scan the columnar sample by X-ray image, rotate the columnar sample when the X-ray direction is parallel to the deposition layer, obtain the clearest layer image, and mark the angular distribution of different layers;

(2) Determine the cut plane of the sample, the cut plane is a plane perpendicular to the sediment layer cloth surface and passing through the long axis of the columnar sample, and the columnar sample is cut along the cut plane to obtain two half samples of mirror symmetry;

(3) According to the corresponding marking angle on the X-ray image, the sample is segmented and recorded parallel to the deposition layer.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The invention has reasonable structure, convenient operation and proper method, and can well solve the problems of segmentation error, aggravated disturbance, external source pollution, low efficiency and the like in the continuous segmentation of sediment columnar samples manually, and can quickly and accurately analyze columnar samples. The sediment is divided continuously, and the cutting angle can be adjusted and corrected according to the actual sampling situation to improve the rationality and accuracy of the sample cutting. The sampling platform and method of the present invention is an important supplement to the current columnar sediment sampling technology.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the rapid sampling platform of columnar sediment sample in the embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the plan view of the fast sampling platform of the columnar sediment sample in the embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view (closed state) of the fixed clamping device in Embodiment 1;

Fig. 4 is the schematic structural view (open state) of fixed clamping device in embodiment 1;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of cutting device in embodiment 1;

Fig. 6 is the exploded view of cutting device in embodiment 1;

Fig. 7 is the structural representation of step-by-step sampling device in embodiment 1;

Fig. 8 is the front view of step-by-step sample dividing device in embodiment 1;

Figure 9 is a schematic structural view of the bracket in Example 1;

Fig. 10 is the bottom view of bracket in embodiment 1;

Fig. 11 is the structural representation of sample dividing blade in embodiment 1;

Fig. 12 is the structural representation of angler in embodiment 1;

Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view (closed state) of the fixed clamping device in Embodiment 2;

Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view (open state) of the fixed clamping device in Embodiment 2;

Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram showing that the central axis of the columnar sample is not perpendicular to the deposition layer in Example 3;

Fig. 16 is the schematic diagram of the sample after being divided along the cutting plane in embodiment 3;

Among them, 1. Outrigger, 2. Operating table, 3. Leveling foot pad, 4. Slide rail, 5. Rack guide rail, 6. Cutting device, 7. Stepping sample dividing device, 8. Fixed clamping device , 9, fixed base, 10, fixed hoop, 11, fixed pin, 12, butterfly screw, 13, motor, 14, chipless cutter, 15, T-shaped slide rail, 16, T-shaped slider, 17, Bracket, 18, angler, 19, stepping handle, 21, blade body, 22, thin-walled hand-held plate, 23, narrow slit, 24, knife groove, 25, semicircle gap; 26, the first slide block; 27, Gear; 28 second slide block; 29, block; 30, annular chute.

Detailed ways

In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in this specification. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the understanding of the present disclosure more thorough and comprehensive.

Example 1 The rapid sampling platform for columnar sediment samples provided in this example has an overall structure as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. The platform is mainly composed of four parts, namely the operating table 2, the cutting device 6, the stepping Sample dividing device 7, fixed clamping device 8. Among them, the operating table 2 is the basic bearing platform of the whole device, supported by four outriggers 1, and the bottom of the outriggers 1 is equipped with a leveling foot pad 3, and the operating table 2 can be adjusted through the leveling foot pad 3 to make it in a stable state .

On the operating table 2, a series of fixed clamping devices 8 are arranged along the length direction and marked with scale lines, and a slide rail 4 and a rack guide rail 5 are parallel thereto. The slide rail 4 and the rack guide rail 5 are respectively located on both sides of the fixed clamping device 8 . On the operating table 2, there are also a cutting device 6 and a stepping sample dividing device 7, wherein the cutting device 6 is assembled on the slide rail 4 and can move left and right along the slide rail 4, and the stepping sample dividing device 7 spans On both sides of the fixed clamping device 8 , one side is slidably connected with the slide rail 4 , and the other side is meshed with the rack guide rail 5 . The fixed clamping device 8 is used to uniformly clamp and fix the plastic or metal sampling tube shell of the sediment columnar sample, the cutting device 6 is used to cut the sampling tube shell, and the stepping sample dividing device 7 is used to quickly sample the sample. Segmentation.

As shown in Figure 3, the fixed clamping device 8 is composed of a fixed base 9, a fixed hoop 10, a fixed bolt 11 and a butterfly screw 12. The fixed base 9 is fixed on the operating table 2 by bolts, and the fixed hoop 10 and The fixed base 9 is hinged on the side with pin shafts, and the fixed hoop 10 can be opened and closed by rotation along the rotating shaft. The fixed base 9 and the fixed hoop 10 have a symmetrical structure with a semicircular groove. When the fixed hoop 10 is rotated and closed along the rotation axis, it together with the fixed base 9 forms an internal cavity for accommodating and fixing columnar samples. It should be noted that in the closed state, there is a certain gap between the fixed hoop 10 and the fixed base 9, which is used to allow the chipless cutting knife on the cutting device 6 to pass through, so as to cut the sampling tube shell of the columnar sample .

When fixing the columnar sample, in order to keep the fixed hoop 10 and the fixed base 9 in a closed state, a fixed pin 11 and a wing screw 12 are provided on the side where the fixed hoop 10 and the fixed base 9 are hinged, and the fixed pin 11 is vertical. Arranged on the operating table 2, it can be directly plugged and installed with the preset opening on the operating table 2. There is a nut on the top of the fixing pin 11, and the butterfly screw 12 passes through the nut, and its end is facing the fixing hoop 10 side, by rotating and tightening the thumb screw 12, it can be moved towards the fixed hoop 10 until the fixed hoop is supported so that the fixed hoop cannot be rotated and opened, as shown in Figure 3. When it needs to be opened, the thumb screw 12 can be rotated and loosened, and then the fixed bolt 11 can be pulled out from the operating table 2, and the fixed hoop 10 can be opened by rotating along the axis, and the opened state is as shown in Figure 4 .

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 , the cutting device 6 is composed of a motor 13 , a chipless cutting knife 14 , a T-shaped slide rail 15 , a T-shaped slide block 16 and a first slide block 26 . The horizontal portion of the T-shaped slide block 16 is slidably assembled with the slide rail 4, so that the T-shaped slide block 16 can move left and right along the slide rail 4, and the vertical portion of the T-shaped slide block 16 is slidably assembled with the vertical portion of the T-shaped slide rail 15 , so that the T-shaped slide rail 15 can move up and down in the vertical direction along the T-shaped slide block 16, and the horizontal part of the T-shaped slide rail 15 is slidably assembled with the first slider 26, so that the T-shaped slide rail 15 can move along the first The slider 26 moves forward and backward in the horizontal direction. The front end of the first slide block 26 fixes the motor 13, and the shaft of the motor 13 is equipped with a chip-free cutter 14. After the motor starts, the chip-free cutter 14 can be driven to rotate, and the sampling tube shell of the columnar sample is cut. In order to fix the position of the T-shaped slide rail 15, thumb screws 12 are respectively arranged on the vertical part of the T-shaped slide block 16 and the first slide block 26, and the T-shaped slide rail 15 can be tightened and fixed by tightening the screws.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 , the stepping sample dividing device 7 is composed of a bracket 17 , an angler 18 , a stepping handle 19 , a sample dividing blade, a gear 27 , a second slider 28 , and a clamping block 29 . The bracket 17 straddles the slide rail 4 and the rack guide rail 5, one side is slidably connected with the slide rail 4 through the second slider 28, and the other side is engaged with the rack guide rail 5 through the block 29 and the gear 27, and the gear 27 is located at Inside the clamping block 29 , the stepping handle 19 passes through the clamping block 29 and is connected with the gear 27 . When the stepping handle 19 is rotated, the stepping handle drives the gear 27 to rotate, thereby moving along the rack guide rail 5, and the stepping handle 19 steps at a minimum interval of 0.5cm at a time, and the stepping handle can precisely control the stepping and dividing device Move at a constant speed.

The structure of the bracket 17 is shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 , including the second sliding block 28 and the clamping block 29 on both sides, and the annular sliding groove 30 in the middle, and the annular sliding groove 30 has a gap. The angler 18 is slidably fitted in the annular chute 30 and can rotate along the annular chute 30 in the horizontal plane. The notch is used to remove the angler.

The structure of the angler is shown in Figure 12, including slit 23, passing knife groove 24, semicircle notch 25, narrow slit 23 is used for fixing the sample dividing blade, passing knife groove 24, semicircular notch 25 is used for allowing the sample dividing blade to pass. The structure of the sample-dividing blade is shown in Figure 11, including a blade body 21 and a thin-walled hand-held plate 22, wherein the length of the thin-walled hand-held plate 22 is less than the width of the knife groove 24, so that the sample-divided blade passes through smoothly.

Example 2 The rapid sampling platform for columnar sediment samples provided in this example has the same general structure as Example 1, the difference is that, in order to facilitate the fixing and opening of the fixing hoop, and to avoid repeated insertion and extraction of the fixing pin, the fixing The structure of the hoop has been improved, as shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14, a long slot is opened on the top of the fixed hoop 10, the fixed pin 11 passes through the long slot, the lower end is fixed to the operating table, and the upper end is installed with a butterfly Tighten screw 12. With this structure, when the fixed hoop 10 is opened, it is not necessary to take off the fixed bolt, but only need to unscrew the butterfly tightening screw, so as to avoid the trouble caused by repeatedly inserting and pulling out the fixed bolt.

The rapid sampling platform for columnar sediment samples of the present invention has a working principle as follows:

Put the columnar sample and sampling tube into the fixed base 9, rotate the fixed hoop 10 to close it with the fixed base 9, tighten the butterfly screw on the fixed pin 11 against the side of the fixed hoop 10, and fix it.

Adjust the position of the T-shaped slide rail 15 and the T-shaped slider 16, so that the chip-free cutting knife 14 extends into the gap between the fixed base and the fixed hoop, and start the motor 13, so as to cut the casing of the sampling tube, and pass the T-shaped The slide block 16 moves on the slide rail 4 to complete the integral cutting of one side of the sampling tube shell. Rotate the columnar sample and the sampling tube by 180° to cut the opposite side in the same way as above.

Move the bracket 17 to a suitable position through the stepping handle 19, rotate the angler 18 to adjust the angle, take a sample dividing blade and insert it downward through the slit 23 on the angler 18 to complete the division of the columnar sample, and then, The support 17 is moved to the next station by the stepping handle 19, the angle is readjusted, and a new sample dividing blade is taken to divide until the entire columnar sample is divided.

Example 3 This example provides a rapid sampling method for columnar sediment samples. Usually, when performing sediment sampling, the sample is often directly divided perpendicular to the central axis, regardless of the actual relationship between the sample layer distribution and the axis. . This premise is that the design of the gravity sampler is ideal enough to effectively control the falling attitude of the sampler and ensure that the sampling axis is perpendicular to the ground surface. As shown in Figure 15, assuming that the sedimentary layer is distributed parallel to the surface xOy, and the central axis of the sampling pipe is OP, when the sampling pipe is not perpendicular to the formation during sampling, there is a certain angle ∠β≠90° between OP and the surface xOy, and OP ' is the projection of OP on the xOy plane. Segmenting samples along the plane perpendicular to the OP direction is obviously inconsistent with the actual distribution of stratigraphic deposits, especially when dividing samples with small spacing and high resolution, the sediments of different layers will be divided into the same sample, resulting in the test Results were mixed and uncharacterized.

For above problem, the present invention proposes a kind of sampling method to solve, specifically:

(1) Before dissecting the columnar sample, first scan the X-ray image, rotate the columnar sample when the X-ray direction is parallel to the deposition layer distribution, obtain the clearest layer distribution image, and mark the angular distribution of different layers.

(2) Based on this, the section plane of the sample is determined, which is a plane perpendicular to the sediment layer distribution surface xOy and passing through the axis OP (the plane OCPP' in Fig. 15), and the columnar sample is cut along the section plane to obtain two symmetrical half sample.

(3) According to the corresponding marking angle on the X-ray image, the sample is segmented and recorded parallel to the deposition layer. This method can ensure that the segmented samples are consistent with the actual deposition layer distribution, reduce the mixing of deposition samples at different layers, and improve the accuracy of sample segmentation.

In the method provided in this embodiment, the splitting platform of the columnar sample is adopted in Example 1, and the specific splitting process is as follows:

(1) Select the appropriate fixed base 9 and fixed hoop 10 according to the radius of the sediment columnar sample, select the appropriate stepping handle according to the segmentation distance, determine the subdivision plane according to the X-ray scanning layer characteristics of the columnar sample, and mark the subsection line Location;

(2) Place the columnar sample and sampling tube in the semicircular groove of the fixed base, close the fixed hoop 10, insert the fixed pin 11 into the corresponding fixing hole on the operating table, and rotate the thumb screw 12 to withstand the fixed hoop 10 , to clamp the sampling tube shell;

(3) Loosen the thumb screw 12 on the T-shaped slide rail 15, move the T-shaped slide rail 15 up, down, left, and right, adjust the position of the chip-free cutting knife 14, and make the cutting knife and the center of the cylindrical sample circle in the horizontal direction At the same height, the cutting depth is to cut the shell but not cut through (about 0.5mm from the inner wall is appropriate), tighten the thumb screw 12 to fix the position of the chip-free cutting knife 14;

(4) Turn on the power supply of the motor 13 and slowly push the T-shaped slider 16 to move along the slide rail 4, and cut the shell; rotate the columnar sample 180° to cut the opposite side in the same way as above; the sample is cut along the cutting plane as shown in the figure 16 shown;

(5) Loosen the butterfly screw 12 on the fixed clamping device 8, open the fixed hoop 10, cut the groove line along the chipless cutter with a wallpaper knife, cut the remaining shell and remove the upper semicircular shell;

(6) Align the starting end of the sample, the stepping handle 19 and the starting scale line, and adjust the angle of the angler 18 as required (it is recommended that the narrow slit plane of the angler 18 be parallel to the deposition layer displayed by the X-ray image);

(7) Turn the stepping handle 19 to move the support 17 backward for a splitting distance, take a sample dividing blade, insert it along the narrow slit in the middle of the angler 18, and complete a sample split;

Repeat step (7) to quickly complete subsequent sample segmentation, and clean and maintain the device after the work is completed.

Claims (6)

1. A rapid sampling platform for columnar sediment samples, characterized in that: it comprises an operating table top, a fixed clamping device, a cutting device and a step-by-step sampling device; The direction is arranged at intervals; the two sides of the fixed clamping device are respectively provided with slide rails and rack guide rails parallel to each other; the cutting device includes a cutting knife, a T-shaped slide rail, a T-shaped slide block and a first slide block, The horizontal part of the T-shaped slide is assembled on the slide rail; the vertical part of the T-shaped slide is assembled with the vertical part of the T-shaped slide; the horizontal part of the T-shaped slide is connected with the first The slider is assembled; one end of the first slider is fixed to the motor, and the motor is connected to the cutting knife; the step-by-step sampling device is composed of a bracket, an angler, a handle, and a sampling blade; the bracket spans the slide rail and the gear Above the bar guide rail, there is a second slider on one side and a gear on the other side; one side of the bracket is slidably connected with the slide rail through the second slider, and the other side is meshed with the rack guide rail through a block and a gear. Located inside the clamping block, the stepping handle passes through the clamping block and is connected to the gear; the middle part of the bracket is provided with an annular chute; an angler is installed in the annular chute; vertically arranged sampling blades are installed on the angler. 2. The rapid sampling platform for columnar sediment samples according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fixed clamping device is composed of a fixed base and a fixed hoop, and the fixed base is fixed on the operating table; the fixed hoop It is hingedly connected with one side of the fixed base, and the fixed hoop can be opened or closed by rotating along the hinge axis; the fixed base and the fixed hoop have a semicircular groove with the same radius; in the closed state, there is a certain gap between the fixed hoop and the fixed base. gap. 3. The rapid sampling platform for columnar sediment samples according to claim 2, characterized in that: the hinged side of the fixed hoop is provided with a tightening device, and the tightening device includes a tightening screw and a fixing pin The lower end of the fixed bolt is connected to the operating table, and the upper end of the fixed bolt is provided with a nut; the tightening screw passes through the nut and can move back and forth along the nut, and then the side of the fixed hoop is tightened or release. 4. The rapid sampling platform for columnar sediment samples according to claim 3, wherein a long slot is opened on the top of the fixing hoop, and the fixing pin passes through the long slot. 5. The rapid sampling platform for columnar sediment samples according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: the operating table is marked with scale marks along the arrangement direction of the fixed clamping device. 6. A fast sampling method for a columnar sediment sample, characterized in that: the sample is segmented using the rapid sampling platform for a columnar sediment sample according to any one of claims 1-4, specifically comprising the following steps : (1) First scan the columnar sample with X-ray images, rotate the columnar sample when the X-ray direction is parallel to the deposition layer cloth, obtain the clearest layer cloth image, and mark the angular distribution of different layers; (2) Determine The cross-section of the sample, the cross-section is a plane perpendicular to the sediment layer and passing through the long axis of the columnar sample, and the columnar sample is cut along the cross-section to obtain two halves of the mirror-symmetrical sample; (3) according to X The corresponding marking angle on the optical image is segmented and recorded along the parallel to the deposition layer.

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