CN115735586A

CN115735586A - Method for raising strawberry seedlings by cutting in overhead propagation plug

Info

Publication number: CN115735586A
Application number: CN202211409465.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李青云; 薛占军; 蔡冰冰; 张广华; 王海涛
Original assignee: Heibei Agricultural University
Current assignee: Heibei Agricultural University
Priority date: 2022-11-11
Filing date: 2022-11-11
Publication date: 2023-03-07

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for raising strawberry seedlings by cutting in an overhead propagation plug tray, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation and management. The method for plug-cutting seedling of the strawberry in the elevated propagation plug comprises the following steps: (1) Placing a cultivation frame in a greenhouse of a seedling culture land, then placing a stock plant cultivation medium in a stock plant cultivation groove of the cultivation frame, then planting the strawberry overwintering seedlings, and carrying out temperature and water and fertilizer management; (2) Putting a mother plant cultivation medium into the Dalang seedling leading slot of the cultivation frame, and leading the Dalang seedling generated by the overwintering strawberry seedling into the Dalang seedling leading slot; (3) After the strawberry overwintering seedlings are planted for 90-120 d, stolons of the strawberry overwintering seedlings and the strawberry seedlings are collected to be used as seedling, then the seedling is cut in a hole tray containing a seedling culture medium to propagate the strawberry seedlings, and the management after the seedling cutting is carried out. The breeding method of the invention furthest reduces the occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as red stele root rot, fusarium wilt, verticillium wilt and the like.

Description

Method for raising strawberry seedlings by cutting in overhead propagation plug

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation and management, in particular to a method for raising strawberry seedlings by cutting in an overhead propagation plug tray.

Background

The strawberry seedling raising method in the prior art mainly comprises ground bed guide transplanting seedling raising, and comprises the following specific steps: the method comprises the steps of field planting strawberry mother plants in soil in spring, fixing the young plants on the soil by using a seedling pressing fork together with stolons in time after the stolons grow continuously, promoting the young plants to take root, conveying nutrition of the mother plants to the young plants through the stolons in the period, cutting off the stolons connecting the young plants and the mother plants before field planting, sequentially leading 4-5 commercial young plants into each stolons generally, and reproducing about 3 thousands of qualified strawberry young plants per mu generally. However, this method has the following disadvantages and shortcomings: (1) the seedlings can not be separated from the soil, and the seedlings have serious soil-borne diseases. The traditional soil seedling culture adopts a guide-inserting technology, and the soil is easy to induce soil-borne diseases because pathogenic bacteria of soil-borne diseases caused by fusarium, phytophthora and the like often exist in the soil. Even though the soil fumigation sterilization can be carried out by adopting medicaments such as bitter chloride and the like, the soil fumigation sterilization is always just in the seedling breeding stage in the summer high-temperature period with good sterilization effect, so that the efficient sterilization cannot be carried out, and further the occurrence of soil diseases cannot be completely avoided. (2) The stolon seedlings are inserted along with the generation of the stolon seedlings, and the seedling age difference of the seedlings is large. The stolon seedling generation time is different in the morning and evening, and the seedling age of the early-introduced seedling is large during planting, the seedling age of the late-introduced seedling is small along with a fixed introduction and insertion seedling raising mode, the seedling age difference can reach more than 30 days, the seedling ages of strawberry seedlings are different, and the growth vigor of commodity seedlings is not regular during planting.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for raising strawberry seedlings by cutting in an overhead propagation plug tray, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

one of the technical schemes of the invention is as follows: a method for raising strawberry seedlings by cutting in an overhead propagation plug tray comprises the following steps:

(1) Placing a cultivation frame in a shed room of a seedling raising field, then placing a stock plant cultivation medium in a stock plant cultivation groove of the cultivation frame, then planting strawberry overwintering seedlings (stock plants), and carrying out temperature and water-fertilizer management;

(2) Putting a stock plant cultivation medium into the Dalang seedling guide slot of the cultivation frame, and then inserting the Dalang seedlings generated by the overwintering strawberry seedlings into the Dalang seedling guide slot (assisting the stock plant in seedling reproduction);

the number of stolon seedlings generated in unit area is increased, the over-age of the seedlings during the field planting of the damang seedlings is avoided, and the propagation coefficient of strong seedlings with proper age is improved.

(3) And after the strawberry overwintering seedlings are fixedly planted for 90-120 d, stolons of the strawberry overwintering seedlings and the dahurang seedlings are collected to serve as seedling, then the seedling is cut in a plug tray containing a seedling culture medium to carry out strawberry seedling breeding, and management is carried out after the seedling is cut.

Furthermore, the elevation of the seedling raising land is 800-1000 m of high and cold land; the cultivation frame consists of 1 main frame and 2 big seedling leading slot frames; a stock plant cultivation groove is formed in the main frame; the big seeding guide slot frame is provided with a big seeding guide slot.

The temperature of the high and cold land is low, so that the problem of anthracnose infection caused by high-temperature and high-humidity conditions can be solved (the anthracnose not only produces diseased leaves, but also easily infects shortened stems of strawberries to cause seedling death). Although anthracnose is not a soil-borne disease, it is also an important disease causing death seedlings in recent years; the temperature of the high and cold land is low, the flower bud differentiation is earlier started in autumn (8 middle ten days later), and the method is beneficial to realizing the flower promotion and early maturing of strawberries at natural low temperature. The seedling raising method is applied to low-altitude plains, the cooling and flower promoting cost is high, the evaporation of the moisture of the matrix is fast, and frequent watering is required; the temperature of the seedling raising field is high, high-temperature and high-humidity environment is easy to appear, the diseases such as anthracnose are serious, and the seedling raising field is not favorable for raising disease-free seedlings.

The seedling raising field has high altitude and cold climate, is beneficial to the flower bud differentiation of strawberry seedlings, and can further advance the flower bud differentiation time of the seedlings by matching with the short-day treatment for 8 hours.

Furthermore, the greenhouse is a sunlight greenhouse, a multi-span greenhouse or a single-span greenhouse which has the functions of ventilation, sun shading, temperature reduction, sprinkling irrigation and spraying and is provided with complete water and electricity facilities; the method comprises the following steps of sterilizing the old shed with chemicals before use, uniformly mixing 1.65kg of potassium permanganate, 1.65kg of formaldehyde and 8.4kg of boiled water for each mu of shed for sterilization, wherein the method comprises the following steps: adding formaldehyde into boiled water, adding potassium permanganate, generating smoke reaction, sealing the greenhouse for 48h, ventilating, and using after the smell is completely diffused.

Furthermore, the height of the main frame is 1.3-1.4 m, the width is 20-30 cm, and the length is designed according to the length of the greenhouse; the height of the big seedling leading slot rack is 7-8 cm lower than the main rack, the width is 15cm, and the length is designed according to the length of the shed; the depth of the stock plant cultivation grooves is 25-35 cm, and 2 drip irrigation are laid on each stock plant cultivation groove; the depth of the big seedling guide slots is 8-10 cm, and 1 drip irrigation pipe is laid on each big seedling guide slot; the distance between the cultivation frames is more than or equal to 80cm; ground cloth or reflective film is covered between rows.

Furthermore, the cultivation frame is made of a galvanized pipe.

Furthermore, the stock plant cultivation groove and the Dalang seedling guiding slot are both made of flexible materials, two sides of a non-woven fabric and a plastic water guide film are fixed on a cross bar of the cultivation frame, the non-woven fabric is arranged on the upper portion, a plastic film is arranged on the lower portion, the middle portion naturally hangs down to form a U-shaped groove, and the plastic water guide film is perforated every 50cm for water drainage.

Furthermore, the stock plant cultivation tank and the Dalang seedling leading slot are foam cultivation tanks with the length, width and height of 90cm, 25cm and 20cm respectively, each tank is used for cultivating 8 plants, and each 2 stock plants are inserted with a drip irrigation arrow for watering.

Further, the mother plant culture medium consists of a nutrient medium and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium three-element compound fertilizer (15-15-15); the nutrient substrate is wormcast, vermiculite and perlite with the volume ratio of 4; the volume/mass ratio of the nutrient substrate to the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 1m ³ 1-2 kg; the pH value of the mother plant culture medium is 6.5-7.0.

The functional seedling culture substrate wormcast in the mother plant culture substrate can ensure that the mother plant grows robustly, stolony stems are thick, the seedlings are robust, the vitality of the seedlings is strong, the seedlings grow neatly after cuttage, and the seedlings grow fast and vigorously.

Furthermore, the mother plant cultivation medium also contains a bio-organic fertilizer, and the volume ratio of the bio-organic fertilizer to the nutrient medium is 5.

Furthermore, the addition amount of the compound microbial inoculum in the biological organic fertilizer is 0.2-0.3 wt.%; the effective viable count of the composite microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g.

Further, the overwintering strawberry seedlings are planted in the mother plant cultivation grooves in double rows, the plant spacing is 15cm, the planting density is 6000-8000 plants/mu (high-frame dense planting cultivation, the density is 33% higher than that of a common high-frame propagation mother plant), watering a water-seeping substrate before planting, and watering thoroughly after planting; the strawberry overwintering seedling comprises any one of red skin, christmas red, wild and pink jade.

Furthermore, the strawberry overwintering seedlings are pure in variety, have more than 3 new leaves and more than 5 fibrous roots, are short and strong, and have no plant diseases and insect pests (mother seedlings); the virus-free seedlings are updated for 1 time every 2 to 3 years; and in non-updating years, seedling growing ground seedlings are reserved or preferred stolon seedlings from the production shed are temporarily planted and cultivated in 12 months to the next 3 months.

Further, the temperature and water and fertilizer management specifically comprises: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 25-30 ℃ in the daytime, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 15-18 ℃ at night, and adopting measures such as proper shading and the like to reduce the temperature in a high-temperature period; keeping the substrate dry and wet before the stolons occur, strengthening water management during the period of mass occurrence of the stolons and the seedling, and keeping the substrate wet (preferably no water seepage from the side surface of the substrate groove and water spitting at the edge of the strawberry leaf in the early morning); topdressing is started after the overwintering seedlings of the strawberries are planted for 20 days, and 3-4 kg/mu of balanced water-soluble fertilizer or humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is topdressed every 10-15 days; after the field planting for 70 days, the balanced water soluble fertilizer or the humic acid water soluble fertilizer is applied for 3-4 kg/mu every 7-10 days.

Further, the water and fertilizer management further comprises: and (3) after seedling recovery, the liquid microbial agent for antagonizing soil-borne pathogens is applied with water for 1 time (the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/mL).

Furthermore, in the variety with few stolons (Montrea, saint Andreis, forest fruit four seasons and the like), gibberellin with the concentration of 40-60 mg/L can be sprayed for 1-2 times when the stolons begin to grow, and heart leaves are mainly sprayed at high noon temperature, wherein the spraying interval is 7-10 d each time; fixing the seedlings in the seedling guide slots by using a seedling pressing fork in time when 2-3 leaves of the dahlang seedlings are picked off, keeping the substrate wet to promote rooting, picking off old leaves and diseased leaves in time, spraying broad-spectrum bactericide in time after breaking off the leaves each time to prevent wound contamination, and applying 1-time high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with water; the stock plant always keeps about 5 leaves, 1-2 branches are remained at most if the stock plant has branches, and the number of leaves does not exceed 8.

Root primordium does not appear when 1 leaf of the Dalang seedling appears, the seedling can not grow into root and survive in a short period after the seedling is introduced and inserted, and the seedling forming time and the time for generating stolon are similar to those of the seedling introduced and inserted by 2-3 leaves; when the dawning seedlings are 5-6 leaves, the seedlings are transplanted to be older and slow in rooting, stolons are generated late, and the quantity of the propagated seedlings is small. When 2-3 leaves are used, the cutting rooting and seedling growing are fast, the number of stolons is large, and the number of the propagated seedlings is the largest.

Further, the seedling culture medium is prepared from the following components in a volume ratio of 7:2:1, peat, vermiculite and perlite (before cutting of seedling, adding water to a substrate until the relative humidity is about 40%, stacking for 2-3 h, and then palletizing); the plug tray is a plug tray special for strawberries with 24 holes or 32 holes; the seedlings are 2-3 creeping stem seedlings with 1 heart leaves and no roots or with few primary roots, 1 unfolded leaf is reserved for each seedling, the leaf stalks are reserved for other leaves, the creeping stems are reserved for 3-5 cm, the seedlings are immediately placed in a foam box for moisture preservation and standby after being treated, the seedlings are generally cut within 3h, the seedlings which are not used for a short time can be placed in a large plastic bag for proper ventilation, and the large plastic bag is placed in a 0 ℃ refrigeration house or an air-conditioned cold room for temporary storage.

Furthermore, the hole of the plug tray is in a long cone shape, the diameter of an upper opening is 50mm, the diameter of a lower opening is 18mm, and the depth is 120mm; disinfecting the old plug tray in advance, spraying 100 times of 40% formaldehyde diluent, covering with a film, sealing for 7 days, uncovering, cleaning with clear water, and air drying for later use.

The cottage seedlings grow in the newly prepared substrate, so that the infection of the soil-borne diseases of dead seedlings caused by red middle-pillar root rot, blight, verticillium wilt and the like can be avoided to the maximum extent; the mother plants and the young seedlings after cuttage grow in a well-ventilated and rain-sheltering greenhouse, and the seedling culture land is cool in climate, appropriate in temperature and humidity, and light in disease which can cause dead seedlings such as anthracnose, hollow core disease (angular leaf spot) and the like, and the strawberry young seedling can be effectively prevented and controlled from being infected with bacteria by matching with scientific chemical prevention and control measures.

Further, the seedling cuttage specifically comprises the following steps: and (4) selecting a shady and cool place for cuttage operation, pressing the stolon base remained on the seedling by using a seedling pressing fork, and fixing the seedling in the seedling cultivation medium.

Further, the management after the seedling cuttage specifically comprises the following steps: spraying water for 1 time after cuttage, spraying water for 1-2 times every day, keeping the water content of the substrate at 60-70%, controlling water after cuttage for 30d, not watering leaves, and not watering before planting for 7 d; and (3) controlling the temperature in the greenhouse in the initial stage after cuttage: the temperature is 28-30 ℃ in the daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night; after the seedling is rooted, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse: the temperature is 22-25 ℃ in the daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night; spraying in 3-5 days after cuttage to keep the air humidity above 95%, gradually shortening spraying time after 3-5 days, and stopping spraying after cuttage for 14 days; covering a 70% sunshade net in the greenhouse for 7d after cuttage, and gradually transitioning from light exposure in the morning and evening to light exposure in the whole day after 7 d; after 14d of cuttage, spraying balanced water soluble fertilizer (20-20 + TE) on the leaf surface for 1 time, and spraying for 1 time after 7d of interval.

Further, the method for plug-seedling of strawberry elevated propagation in a hole tray also comprises the steps of carrying out flower promoting treatment after the seedlings are subjected to cuttage for 30 d; pest control is carried out during the propagation of strawberry seedlings;

the flower promoting treatment specifically comprises the following steps: stopping applying the nitrogenous fertilizer, spraying a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the concentration of 0.2-0.3 wt.% on the leaf surfaces for 2 times, wherein the spraying interval is 7-10 days each time; shading treatment is carried out, so that the illumination time per day is 8h; ventilating the greenhouse fully, and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be less than or equal to 25 ℃;

the pest control specifically comprises: spirotetramat, acetamiprid and chlorantraniliprole are adopted to prevent and control whitefly and aphid; chlorothalonil, azoxystrobin, copper clorpum and chlorobromoisocyanuric acid are adopted to prevent and treat fungal and bacterial diseases.

Further, the disease control also includes physical control, specifically: 40-mesh insect-proof nets are arranged at the doorway and the air outlet of the shed room, and yellow plates and blue plates are hung in the shed.

Further, the disease control method further comprises the following steps:

controlling anthracnose: spraying 2000 times of diluent of 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent or 800 times of diluent of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder on leaf surfaces at the early stage of morbidity, spraying 1 time every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying 2-3 times.

And (3) controlling powdery mildew: spraying 2000-fold diluent of 30% kresoxim-methyl suspending agent or 1000-fold diluent of 4% pyrimidine nucleoside water agent on the leaf surface at the early stage of morbidity, spraying 1 time every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying 2-3 times.

And (3) controlling bacterial leaf spot: spraying 350-time diluent of 70% zineb wettable powder, 300-time diluent of 14% cuaminosulfate aqueous solution, 200-time diluent of 2% pesticide 120 aqueous solution or 1000-time diluent of 3% zhongshengmycin wettable powder on leaf surfaces at the early stage of morbidity, spraying 1 time every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying 2-3 times.

And (3) preventing and treating red stele root rot: the diseased plant is removed in time, and is irrigated with 800 times of diluent of 58 percent metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder or 72 percent cymoxanil manganese zinc wettable powder, the pesticide is applied for 1 time every 5 to 7 days, and the pesticide is continuously applied for 2 to 3 times.

Thrips, aphids and whitefly prevention and control: and spraying 2500-fold diluent of 2.5 percent bifenthrin missible oil, 2500-fold diluent of 4.5 percent high-efficiency cyhalothrin missible oil or 2000-fold diluent of 10 percent imidacloprid wettable powder on leaf surfaces at the initial stage of occurrence, spraying 1 time every 7 to 10 days, and continuously spraying 2 to 3 times.

The invention discloses the following technical effects:

(1) The obtained stolon seedling is inserted into the seedling culture medium, so that the soil environment is separated, and the occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as red stele root rot, blight, verticillium wilt and the like is reduced to the maximum extent.

(2) The purpose of the stock plant cultivation is up to 8000 plants/mu, the overhead dense planting cultivation of the stock plant is realized, and the density of the stock plant is 33 percent higher than that of the stock plant for ordinary overhead propagation.

(3) The invention fixes the damnification seedlings (the first seedlings on each stolon) generated by each stolon in the damnification guide slots, can assist the mother plants in propagating seedlings, obviously improves the propagation quantity of the seedlings and simultaneously avoids the problem of over-age of the seedlings when the damnification seedlings are fixedly planted.

(4) The stolon seedlings are collected and cut in a concentrated mode for a short time to ensure that the seedlings are tidy, so that the seedling ages of the obtained strawberry seedlings are close to those of the strawberry seedlings with proper ages of 50-60 d during field planting, the seedlings are easy to root after field planting, and the growth is tidy.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cultivation shelf used in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a photograph of the mother plant of example 1 of the present invention after cultivation;

fig. 3 is a photograph of the strawberry seedlings propagated in example 1 of the present invention after field planting.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in the present disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, to the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and materials in connection with which they pertain. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

The stock plant (stock seedling) adopted in the following embodiment of the invention is updated for 1 time of virus-free seedling every 2-3 years; and in a non-updating year, reserving seedling culture ground seedlings or optimally planting creeping stolon seedlings from the production shed in 12-3 months next year for heeling in culture.

The liquid microbial agent adopted in the following embodiments of the invention is Jiwei-multi-antibiotic liquid microbial agent (the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/mL), and the effective strains are bacillus megaterium and paenibacillus jelly, which are produced by Ribeilea-Wai biotechnology Limited.

The compound microbial agent added to the bio-organic fertilizer of the following embodiment of the invention is a microbial fertilizer of Gevorozi Bao, wherein the effective strains are bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus mucilaginosus, and the compound microbial agent is produced by Ribeilea Bao biotechnology limited company.

Example 1

A method for plug cutting seedling of strawberry elevated propagation comprises the following steps:

(1) Seedling raising field and seedling raising shed room

The seedling raising field is Laiyuan county (seedling raising field of high-altitude agricultural science and technology development Limited) of Baoding city in Hebei province, the altitude is 800-1000 m, the lighting and ventilation are good, and the irrigation and drainage are convenient.

The greenhouse is a multi-span greenhouse (old greenhouse) with ventilation, sun shading, temperature reduction, sprinkling irrigation and spraying functions and complete water and electric facilities; the method comprises the following steps of sterilizing the old shed with chemicals before use, uniformly mixing 1.65kg of potassium permanganate, 1.65kg of formaldehyde and 8.4kg of boiled water for each mu of shed for sterilization, wherein the method comprises the following steps: adding formaldehyde into boiled water, adding potassium permanganate, generating smoke reaction, sealing the greenhouse for 48h, ventilating, and using after the smell is completely diffused.

(2) Preparing strawberry mother plant cultivation rack (mother plant elevated planting trough, structure schematic figure 1)

A. A galvanized pipe is used for manufacturing a cultivation frame, and the cultivation frame consists of 1 main frame and 2 big seedling guide slot frames (the 2 big seedling guide slot frames are respectively arranged on two sides of the main frame); the height of the main frame is 130cm, the width of the frame is 25cm, and the length of the main frame is the same as the length of the greenhouse; the height of the seedling-guiding slot rack is 123cm, the width of the rack is 15cm, and the length of the seedling-guiding slot rack is the same as that of the greenhouse.

B. Mother plant cultivation grooves and big seedling guiding slots are arranged at the top ends of the main frame and the big seedling guiding slot frame, namely, two sides of a non-woven fabric and a plastic water guiding film are fixed on cross rods of the cultivation frames, the non-woven fabric is arranged on the upper portion, a plastic film is arranged on the lower portion, the middle portion naturally hangs down to form a U-shaped groove, the depth of the mother plant cultivation grooves is about 30cm, the depth of the big seedling guiding slots is about 9cm, the plastic water guiding film is perforated every 50cm for draining, 2 drip irrigation pipes are laid on each mother plant cultivation groove, and 1 drip irrigation pipe is laid on each big seedling guiding slot; the distance between adjacent cultivation frames is 80cm, and the ground between rows is covered with a reflective film.

(3) Cultivation of stock plant

A. Selecting strawberry overwintering seedlings (stock plants): selecting overwintering seedlings which are pure in variety (red), have more than 3 new leaves and more than 5 fibrous roots, are robust and have no plant diseases and insect pests as stock plants.

B. Planting a stock plant: and 3, adding a stock plant cultivation matrix into the stock plant cultivation groove at the bottom of 3 months, watering to form a water-seeping matrix, then performing double-row planting on the stock plant (the planting depth is deep without burying the core and shallow without exposing the root), the plant spacing is 15cm, planting 8000 plants per mu, and watering thoroughly after planting.

The volume/mass ratio of the mother plant culture medium is 1m ³ :0.05m ³ 1.5kg of nutrient medium, a biological organic fertilizer and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium three-element compound fertilizer (15-15-15), wherein the pH value is 6.8; the nutrient medium consists of wormcast, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 4; raw materialThe organic fertilizer contains 0.25wt.% of composite microbial inoculum (the effective viable count of the composite microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g).

C. Temperature and water and fertilizer management

Temperature: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 25-30 ℃ in daytime, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 15-18 ℃ at night, and adopting measures such as proper shading and the like to reduce the temperature in a high-temperature period.

Water management: before the stolons occur, the matrix is kept dry and wet, during the period of mass occurrence of the stolons and the seedlings, the water management is enhanced, and the matrix is kept wet (preferably, the side surface of the matrix groove is not infiltrated with water, and the edges of the strawberry leaves in the early morning have water spitting).

Fertilizer management: after the field planting is carried out for 5 days (after the seedlings are revived), liquid microbial agent for antagonizing soil-borne bacteria is applied with water for 1 time (the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/mL); topdressing is started after the parent plant is planted for 20 days (15 days after seedling revival), and 3.5 kg/mu of balanced water-soluble fertilizer (20-20 + TE) is topdressed for 1 time every 12 days; after planting for 70 days, 3.5 kg/mu of balanced water-soluble fertilizer (20-20 + TE) is applied every 8 days.

(4) Plant management

Spraying gibberellin with the concentration of 50mg/L for 2 times when the stolons begin to grow, and mainly spraying heart leaves at the high noon temperature, wherein the spraying interval is 8 days each time; fixing the seedlings in the seedling guide slots (the mother plant cultivation substrate is arranged in the seedling guide slots) by using a seedling pressing fork in time when the seedlings have 2-3 leaves, keeping the substrate moist to promote rooting, and removing old leaves and diseased leaves in time; spraying broad-spectrum bactericide (chlorothalonil) in time after breaking off the leaves each time to prevent wound contamination, and additionally applying 1 time of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer (with the nitrogen content of 30 percent and the quantity of 5kg per mu) with water; the stock plant always keeps about 5 leaves, 1-2 branches are remained at most if the stock plant has branches, and the number of leaves is not more than 8. The specific pictures after the colonization are shown in figure 2.

(5) Cuttage of stolon seedlings

A. Plug and seedling culture substrate preparation

The plug tray is a plug tray (old plug tray) special for strawberries with 32 holes, the holes are long conical, the diameter of an upper opening is 50mm, the diameter of a lower opening is 18mm, and the depth is 120mm; disinfecting the old plug tray in advance, spraying 100 times of 40% formaldehyde diluent, covering with a film, sealing for 7 days, uncovering, cleaning with clear water, and air drying for later use.

The seedling culture medium consists of turf, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 7.

B. Cutting cultivation of seedling

In 7 months, 2-3 stolon seedling (stolon generated by mother plant and large brown seedling) with 1 heart and no root or with a small amount of primary root are cut, 1 piece of unfolded leaf is reserved for each seedling, leaf stalks are reserved for other leaves, and the stolon is reserved for about 4 cm; and (4) selecting a shady and cool place for cuttage operation, pressing the stolon base remained on the seedling by using a seedling pressing fork, and fixing the seedling in the seedling cultivation medium.

C. Management after seedling cuttage

Water management: and (3) after cuttage, sprinkling for 1 time to permeate water, sprinkling for 2 times every day, keeping the water content of the matrix to be 60-70%, starting to control water properly in 8-month middle ten days, not watering the leaves without wilting, and not watering the leaves 7 days before field planting.

Temperature: in the early stage after cuttage (before the seedling is rooted), controlling the temperature in the greenhouse: the daytime temperature is 28-30 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is 15-20 ℃; after the seedling is rooted, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse: the daytime temperature is 22-25 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is 15-18 ℃.

Humidity: spraying in 4d to keep the air humidity above 95%, gradually shortening the spraying time after 4d (gradually reducing the humidity from 80% to 50%), and stopping spraying after 14 d.

Illumination: and 7d, covering a sunshade net with shading rate of 70% in the greenhouse for shading, and gradually transitioning from the morning and evening light to the whole day light after 7 d.

Fertilizer management: after 14d of cuttage, spraying balanced water soluble fertilizer (20-20 + TE) on the leaf surface for 1 time, and spraying for 1 time after 7d of interval.

(6) Flower promoting treatment

Starting to carry out flower promoting treatment in the middle of 8 months, wherein the method comprises the following steps: stopping applying the nitrogen fertilizer, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the concentration of 0.2wt.% on the leaf surface for 2 times, and every time at an interval of 8d; shading light by covering a shading net, and keeping the illumination for 8 hours every day; ventilating the greenhouse, and maintaining the temperature below 25 deg.C and above 10 deg.C.

(7) Pest control

Physical control: 40-mesh insect-proof nets are arranged at the doorway and the air outlet of the shed room, and yellow plates and blue plates are hung in the shed.

Chemical control:

controlling anthracnose: spraying 2000 times of diluent of 25% pyraclostrobin suspending agent on leaf surfaces at the early stage of morbidity, spraying for 1 time every 7 days, and continuously spraying for 2 times.

And (3) controlling powdery mildew: spraying 30% kresoxim-methyl suspending agent 2000 times of diluent on the leaf surface at the early stage of disease attack, spraying 1 time every 7 days, and continuously spraying 2 times.

And (3) controlling bacterial leaf spot: spraying 350 times of diluent of 70% zineb wettable powder on leaf surfaces at the early stage of disease attack, spraying 1 time every 7 days, and continuously spraying 2 times.

Preventing and treating red stele root rot: the diseased plant is removed in time, 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder (diluted 400 times, irrigated to the root, the dosage of each plant of the mother plant is 200mL, the dosage of each plant of the seedling is 20 mL) is irrigated, 1 time of medicine application is carried out every 5 days, and 3 times of medicine application is carried out continuously.

Thrips, aphids and whitefly prevention and control: and spraying 2500 times of a 2.5% bifenthrin emulsifiable solution diluent on the leaf surface at the initial stage of occurrence, spraying for 1 time every 7 days, and continuously spraying for 2 times.

(8) Strawberry seedling

The strawberry seedlings are obtained after the seedlings are subjected to cuttage for 60 days, the plants are complete and free of diseases and insect pests, 4-5 normally developed compound leaves are obtained, the strawberry seedlings are fresh green, the leaf stalks are thick, the plant types are short and strong, the plant heights are about 10-15 cm, the root stems are 0.8-1.0 cm thick, and the fibrous roots are many, thick and white.

Comparative example 1

The difference from the example 1 is that the dammara seedling guide slot frame is not arranged, the dammara seedlings continue to be suspended in the air to grow, and the dammara seedlings are taken down for cuttage when stolon seedlings are intensively collected in 7 months.

About 11.0 ten thousand seedlings can be produced, and about 9.8 ten thousand strawberry seedlings can be successfully obtained after the seedlings are cut.

Comparative example 2

Conventional seedbed introduction and transplanting technology (introduction and transplanting of soil block seedlings):

after the mother plant generates stolons, uniformly laying cloth on a seedling bed, fixing the seedlings on the seedling bed by using a seedling pressing fork when the seedlings have 2-3 leaves, promoting rooting, digging out strawberry seedlings with soil blocks one week before field planting, and hoarding.

Effect example 1

The strawberry seedlings (cutting matrix seedlings) obtained in example 1 are subjected to field planting (pictures after field planting are shown in figure 3), the field planting place is a corridor Anzizhuanfeng strawberry garden, the strawberry seedlings purchased from the Shuiping rock field cooperative society (conventional land bed introduction technology is used for propagation, and soil block seedlings are introduced) are used as a control, the occurrence condition of soil-borne diseases is investigated 20d after field planting (the incidence rate of the soil-borne diseases can reflect the condition that seedlings carry bacteria), the investigation range comprises the soil-borne diseases such as dead seedlings caused by red pillar root rot, blight, verticillium wilt and the like, and the investigation result is shown in table 1.

Morbidity = number of diseased plants/total plants × 100%.

TABLE 1 incidence of strawberry seedling soil-borne diseases (unit:%)

As can be seen from Table 1, the occurrence rate of the soil-borne diseases of the cuttage substrate seedlings is very low, the incidence rate of red post root rot is 0%, the incidence rate of blight and verticillium wilt is only 0.77%, the incidence rate of red post root rot of the soil block seedlings is 3.85%, the incidence rate of blight and verticillium wilt is 6.15%, and the cuttage substrate seedlings can reduce the soil-borne diseases to the maximum extent.

Effect example 2

Strawberry seedling grade survey

The grades of strawberry seedlings (cutting medium seedlings) obtained in example 1 and strawberry seedlings (cutting soil block seedlings) propagated by the conventional ground bed cutting technique were investigated, and the results of the investigation are shown in table 2.

The ranking criteria are as follows:

first-stage: the standard is that the new stem is more than 1cm thick, the main root of 10cm long is more than 10, and 4 leaves and 1 heart.

And (2) second stage: the standard is that the new stem is more than 0.8cm thick, the main root is more than 8 pieces long by 8cm, and 3 leaves and 1 heart.

Third stage: the standard is that the diameter of new stem is more than 0.6cm, the length of 6cm is more than 6 main roots, and 3 leaves and 1 heart.

TABLE 2 strawberry seedling grade survey

Type (B)	Investigation of plant number	First level	Second order	Three-stage
					Cuttage substrate seedling	400	3.75	25.00	71.25
Seedling with soil blocks	400	25.00	27.50	47.50

(unit:%, i.e. the percentage of strawberry seedlings per grade to the total number of surveys).

As can be seen from Table 2, most seedlings of the cutting medium seedlings are third-level seedlings, and the third-level seedlings are 23.75% more than the introduction soil block seedlings; 1/4 is a second-level seedling, which is 2.50 percent less than the introduction and insertion of the soil block seedlings; the first-stage seedling rate in the cutting matrix seedlings is only 3.75%, and 1/4 of the introduced and inserted soil block seedlings is the first-stage seedling. According to the research, the strawberry third-stage seedlings are quick in seedling revival, the survival rate is highest, blossoming is earliest after shed covering, the yield is also highest under the same soil productivity and the same management conditions, the second-stage seedlings are second-stage seedlings, the first-stage seedlings are mostly old seedlings, the number of old roots is large, the vigor is worst, and the yield is lowest. As can be seen from the above, the uniformity of the cutting matrix seedlings is higher, the proportion of the second-level and third-level high-quality seedlings is 21.25 percent higher than that of the cutting soil block seedlings, and the yield-increasing potential is large.

Effect example 3

The number of strawberry seedlings propagated by example 1 and conventional bed-cutting technique is shown in table 3. The survival rate of the seedlings bred by the stock plant in the high-altitude propagation cutting seedling raising technology is slightly low, 92.5 percent, the number of the bred commercial seedlings accounts for 62.4 percent of the total seedlings, the survival rate of the seedlings bred by the Dalang seedlings is higher, 94.8 percent and the number of the commercial seedlings accounts for 37.6 percent. The survival rate of the seedlings grown on the ground bed is 95.2 percent, but the number of the seedlings grown per mu is less and is 23.8 percent of the number of the seedlings grown by overhead cutting. The survival rate of the commercial seedlings in example 1 is higher and is more than 98%, and the survival rate of the commercial seedlings in comparative example is lower and is 96.2%.

TABLE 3 investigation of strawberry number of seedlings and survival rate

The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for plug-cutting seedling of strawberry in an overhead propagation hole tray is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Placing a cultivation frame in a greenhouse of a seedling culture land, then placing a stock plant cultivation medium in a stock plant cultivation groove of the cultivation frame, then planting the strawberry overwintering seedlings, and carrying out temperature and water and fertilizer management;

(2) Placing a mother plant cultivation medium in the Dalang seedling guiding slot of the cultivation frame, and then inserting the Dalang seedling generated by the strawberry overwintering seedling into the Dalang seedling guiding slot;

2. The method for plug-cutting seedling of strawberry elevated propagation in a hole tray according to claim 1, wherein the elevation of the seedling raising land is 800-1000 m; the cultivation frame consists of 1 main frame and 2 big seedling leading slot frames; a stock plant cultivation groove is arranged on the main frame; the big seeding guide slot frame is provided with a big seeding guide slot.

3. The method for the plug cutting seedling raising of the strawberry elevated propagation tray according to claim 2, wherein the height of the main tray is 1.3-1.4 m, and the width of the main tray is 20-30 cm; the height of the big seedling guide slot rack is 7-8 cm lower than that of the main rack, and the width of the big seedling guide slot rack is 15cm; the depth of the stock plant cultivation grooves is 25-35 cm, and 2 drip irrigation are laid on each stock plant cultivation groove; the depth of the big seedling guide slots is 8-10 cm, and 1 drip irrigation pipe is laid on each big seedling guide slot; the distance between the cultivation frames is more than or equal to 80cm.

4. The method for raising strawberry seedlings by cutting in plug seedlings for overhead propagation according to claim 1, wherein the mother plant culture medium is composed of a nutrient medium and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; the nutrient substrate is wormcast, vermiculite and perlite with the volume ratio of 4; the volume/mass ratio of the nutrient substrate to the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 1m ³ 1-2 kg; the pH value of the mother plant culture medium is 6.5-7.0.

5. The method for plug cutting seedling of strawberry elevated propagation in hole tray according to claim 4, wherein the mother plant cultivation medium further contains a bio-organic fertilizer, and the volume ratio of the bio-organic fertilizer to the nutrient medium is 5.

6. The method for raising the strawberry seedlings by cutting through the plug for overhead propagation according to claim 1, wherein the overwintering seedlings of the strawberries are planted in the mother plant cultivation grooves in double rows, the plant spacing is 15cm, and the planting density is 6000-8000 plants/mu; the strawberry overwintering seedling variety comprises any one of red skin, christmas red, wild and pink jade.

7. The method for plug-seedling of strawberry in elevated propagation tray according to claim 1, wherein the temperature and water-fertilizer management specifically comprises: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 15-18 ℃ at night; keeping the matrix dry and wet before the stolons occur, and strengthening water management and keeping the matrix wet during the period that the stolons and the seedlings occur in large quantity; and (3) topdressing is started after the overwintering seedlings of the strawberries are planted for 20 days, and 3-4 kg/mu of balanced water-soluble fertilizer or humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is topdressed every 10-15 days.

8. The method for raising strawberry seedlings by cutting in an overhead propagation plug tray according to claim 1, wherein the seedling culture medium is peat, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 7; the plug tray is a plug tray special for strawberries with 24 holes or 32 holes; the seedlings are stolon seedlings with 2-3 leaves and 1 heart, no roots or a few primary roots.

9. The method for plug-cutting seedling of strawberry elevated propagation in a hole tray according to claim 1, wherein the management after the seedling plug-cutting specifically comprises: spraying water for 1 time after cuttage, spraying water for 1-2 times every day, keeping the water content of the substrate at 60-70%, controlling water after cuttage for 30d, and not watering leaves without wilting; and (3) controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at the initial stage after cuttage: the daytime temperature is 28-30 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is 15-20 ℃; after the seedling is rooted, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse: the daytime temperature is 22-25 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is 15-18 ℃; spraying in 3-5 days after cuttage to keep the air humidity above 95%, and stopping spraying after cuttage for 14 days; 7d, covering a sunshade net with shading rate of 70% in the cuttage greenhouse to prevent light; and (4) spraying 1 time of balanced water-soluble fertilizer on the leaf surface after the cuttage for 14d, and spraying 1 time after the interval of 7 d.

10. The method for plug seedling of elevated propagation plug of strawberry according to claim 1, further comprising performing flowering promoting treatment after 30 days of seedling cuttage; pest control is carried out during the propagation of strawberry seedlings;

the flower promoting treatment specifically comprises the following steps: stopping applying the nitrogen fertilizer, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the concentration of 0.2-0.3 wt.% on the leaf surfaces for 2 times, wherein the spraying interval is 7-10 days each time; shading treatment is carried out, so that the illumination time per day is 8h; ventilating the greenhouse at full capacity, and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be less than or equal to 25 ℃;