CN115724919B - 强效抑制艾滋病病毒及其耐药毒株的新型膜融合抑制剂及其药物用途 - Google Patents
强效抑制艾滋病病毒及其耐药毒株的新型膜融合抑制剂及其药物用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了强效抑制HIV及其耐药毒株的新型膜融合抑制剂、其衍生物、其药物组合物以及它们的药物用途。本发明提供了脂肽、其药用盐、或其衍生物。所述脂肽的结构式:X1‑多肽P1‑X2或X3‑多肽P2‑X4。X1/X3为多肽的氨基端保护基团;X2/X4为多肽的羧基端保护基团。多肽P1序列为EXEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEK。多肽P2序列为EXEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEKX。多肽的末端氨基酸残基修饰有亲脂性化合物基团。本发明脂肽对HIV‑1、HIV‑2和SIV均具有极强的抑制活性,尤其对T20和LP‑98耐药性HIV毒株的抑制活性显著提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,涉及强效抑制艾滋病病毒及其耐药毒株的新型膜融合抑制剂、其衍生物、其药物组合物以及它们的药物用途。
背景技术
艾滋病(AIDS)由感染人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)引起,目前全球感染人数大约有3840万(www.unaids.org)。由于艾滋病疫苗尚未研发成功,阻断病毒不同复制阶段的药物对治疗和预防HIV感染起着重大作用。临床上的治疗药物主要包括核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂、非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂、蛋白酶抑制剂、病毒进入抑制剂和整合酶抑制剂(www.fda.gov)。广泛使用的高效抗病毒治疗方案(鸡尾酒疗法)主要由3-4种逆转录酶抑制剂和蛋白酶抑制剂组成。由于HIV感染的持续性,病人需要长期给药,所以容易导致耐药产生,严重地影响临床治疗效果。因此,研发新的抗HIV药物一直是防控艾滋病的重大需求。
HIV进入靶细胞由其表面的三聚体包膜糖蛋白(Env)介导,该蛋白由表面亚基gp120和跨膜亚基gp41非共价键连接而成。在HIV感染过程中,gp120先后与细胞受体CD4和辅助受体(如CCR5或CXCR4)结合,导致gp120发生构象变化,暴露并激活gp41的膜融合功能。首先是gp41的N末端融合肽(FP)插入靶细胞膜内,然后C端螺旋区(CHR)与N端螺旋区(NHR)反向折叠形成一个稳定的六聚体螺旋(6-HB)结构,拉近病毒膜和细胞膜进行融合,HIV基因组从而进入细胞造成感染。结构显示,在NHR螺旋的C末端含有一个深的疏水口袋(deeppocket),而CHR螺旋的N末端序列(WMEWDREI)则为口袋结合区(pocket-binding domain,PBD),其中在进化上高度保守的两个色氨酸(W)和一个异亮氨酸(I)插入NHR口袋介导广泛的疏水作用,对6-HB的形成和病毒感染至关重要(Chan et al.,1997)。NHR疏水口袋一直被认为是重要的药物靶点。
HIV膜融合抑制剂作用于病毒复制的早期阶段,通过阻断病毒进入靶细胞而发挥作用,因此在治疗和预防上具有明显的优势。然而,目前仅有恩夫韦肽(enfuvirtide,又名T20)被美国FDA批准用于临床治疗。T20是衍生于病毒CHR的一个不含PBD序列的36氨基酸多肽,通过与NHR竞争结合阻断病毒6-HB的形成而发挥抗病毒作用。由于T20抑制病毒活性相对较低,生物半衰期较短,需要每天大剂量给药,且容易诱导耐药产生,其临床应用受到广泛限制,因此开发新的HIV膜融合抑制剂一直备受国内外关注。
目前HIV膜融合抑制剂的研发大多聚焦于PBD的作用,尤其是利用早年公开发表的C34多肽作为设计模板(He,2013)。C34含有PBD,C34氨基酸序列被认为是CHR的核心序列。国内早期研发的西夫韦肽(SFT)和艾博卫泰(ABT)都是基于C34序列设计。SFT通过对C34的14个氨基酸进行突变,并在N末端和C末端分别加上丝氨酸(S)和谷氨酸(E)以增加多肽的稳定性和靶点结合能力。ABT仅对C34的三个氨基酸进行了突变,通过在第13位赖氨酸(K)侧链连接3-马来酰亚胺基丙酸(MPA),使其具有与血清白蛋白结合的能力。虽然二者(SFT和ABT)的抗病毒活性与T20和C34相比没有实质性提高,但其生物半衰期得到延长,尤其是ABT可以达到每周一次给药的治疗效果。
本发明人团队长期从事HIV膜融合抑制剂研究与开发,根据gp41结构与功能关系设计了多种基于CHR多肽的膜融合抑制剂(Xue et al.,2022)。其中,LP-98同T20一样在分子结构上不含PBD序列,去除了T20的C端的8个氨基酸,并对保留的28个氨基酸中的16个进行突变促进E和K氨基酸形成“盐桥结构”显著提高多肽的螺旋结构稳定性;同时,LP-98在C末端通过K侧链进行胆固醇修饰成为脂肽(lipopeptide)。研究表明,LP-98抑制一组复制性HIV毒株感染不同靶细胞的平均IC50值达到极低的皮克摩尔(pM)水平,比T20提高了273368倍,比一线艾滋病药物AZT和3TC分别提高了120789倍和376368倍。LP-98抑制36个代表性国际流行HIV-1亚型假病毒的活性比T20提高10504倍,比AZT提高3751倍;在猴子感染模型LP-98低剂量给药即有极强的治疗和预防效果(Xue et al.,2022)。尽快如此,发明人也发现LP-98对T20耐药性HIV毒株的抑制活性明显下降,使其成药性受到影响。
T20、C34、SFT、ABT和LP-98的序列比较示意图见图1。
参考文献:
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发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是如何强效抑制艾滋病病毒及其耐药性毒株。本发明致力于开发一个超强效、广谱、且长效的新结构HIV膜融合抑制剂,以期体现巨大的临床开发价值和应用前景。因此,本发明提出了强效抑制HIV及其耐药毒株的新型膜融合抑制剂、其衍生物、其药物组合物以及它们的药物用途。
本发明提供了脂肽、其药用盐、或其衍生物。
作为一种形式,所述脂肽为结构式Ⅰ所示化合物;
结构式I:X1-多肽P1-X2;
所述多肽P1为如下(a1)或(a2)或(a3):
(a1)氨基酸序列为“EXEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEK”的多肽;
(a2)在(a1)基础上进行氨基酸残基的取代和/或缺失和/或添加得到的具有抗病毒活性的多肽;
(a3)与(a1)具有至少60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%同一性且具有抗病毒活性的多肽;
所述多肽P1的末端氨基酸残基修饰有亲脂性化合物基团;
X1为多肽P1的氨基端保护基团;
X2为多肽P1的羧基端保护基团。
具体的,所述多肽P1中,X为异亮氨酸(I)、缬氨酸(V)或亮氨酸(L)。
本领域公知:所述(a1)中的第2位(X)、第9位(I)、第16位(A)、第23位(N)、第30位(L)氨基酸对应于CHR螺旋的a位置氨基酸,所述(a1)中的第5位(L)、第12位(L)、第19位(Q)、第26位(E)氨基酸对应于CHR螺旋的d位置氨基酸,这些a位置和d位置氨基酸是CHR与NHR靶序列结合形成6-HB结构的关键氨基酸,在序列和功能上比较保守而不易被其他氨基酸取代;相对地,对应于CHR螺旋其他位置(b,c,e,f和g位置)的氨基酸不与或少与NHR直接相互作用,因此容易被其他氨基酸取代而不影响或不明显影响多肽的抗病毒活性。
因此,所述取代和/或缺失和/或添加位于所述(a1)中的非如下位置:第2位(X)、第9位(I)、第16位(A)、第23位(N)、第30位(L)、第5位(L)、第12位(L)、第19位(Q)、第26位(E)。
作为另一种形式,所述脂肽为结构式II所示化合物;
结构式II:X3-多肽P2-X4;
所述多肽P2为如下(b1)或(b2)或(b3):
(b1)氨基酸序列为“EXEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEKX”的多肽;
(b2)在(b1)基础上进行氨基酸残基的取代和/或缺失和/或添加得到的具有抗病毒活性的多肽;
(b3)与(b1)具有至少60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%同一性且具有抗病毒活性的多肽;
所述多肽P2的末端氨基酸残基修饰有亲脂性化合物基团;
X3为多肽P2的氨基端保护基团;
X4为多肽P2的羧基端保护基团。
具体的,所述多肽P2中,作为第2个氨基酸残基的“X”为异亮氨酸(I)、缬氨酸(V)或亮氨酸(L),作为第33个氨基酸残基的“X”为赖氨酸(K)或半胱氨酸(C)。
本领域公知:所述(b1)中的第2位(X)、第9位(I)、第16位(A)、第23位(N)、第30位(L)氨基酸对应于CHR螺旋的a位置氨基酸,所述(b1)中的第5位(L)、第12位(L)、第19位(Q)、第26位(E)氨基酸对应于CHR螺旋的d位置氨基酸,这些a位置和d位置氨基酸是CHR与NHR靶序列结合形成6-HB结构的关键氨基酸,在序列和功能上比较保守而不易被其他氨基酸取代;相对地,对应于CHR螺旋其他位置(b,c,e,f和g位置)的氨基酸不与或少与NHR直接相互作用,因此容易被其他氨基酸取代而不影响或不明显影响多肽的抗病毒活性。
因此,所述取代和/或缺失和/或添加位于所述(b1)中的非如下位置:第2位(X)、第9位(I)、第16位(A)、第23位(N)、第30位(L)、第5位(L)、第12位(L)、第19位(Q)、第26位(E)。
所述亲脂性化合物为胆固醇琥珀酸单酯、2-胆固醇乙酸、2-胆固醇丙酸、3-胆固醇丙酸、2-胆固醇丁酸、2-胆固醇异丁酸、3-胆固醇丁酸、3-胆固醇异丁酸、4-胆固醇丁酸、2-胆固醇戊酸、2-胆固醇异戊酸、3-胆固醇戊酸、5-胆固醇戊酸、2-胆固醇己酸、6-胆固醇己酸、2-胆固醇庚酸、7-胆固醇庚酸、2-胆固醇辛酸、8-胆固醇辛酸、溴乙酸胆固醇酯、含8到20个碳原子的脂肪酸(如十八烷酸)、二氢(神经)鞘氨醇或维生素E等脂类化合物。
具体的,所述亲脂性化合物为胆固醇。
当多肽的末端氨基酸残基为赖氨酸时,具体的,通过对肽链C末端的赖氨酸的侧链氨基进行酰胺化反应实现末端氨基酸残基的胆固醇修饰。
当多肽的末端氨基酸残基为半胱甘酸时,具体的,通过对肽链C末端半胱氨酸侧链的巯基和溴乙酸胆固醇酯进行成硫醚反应实现末端氨基酸残基的胆固醇修饰。
X1为乙酰基(Ac)、氨基(NH2)、马来酰基、琥珀酰基、叔丁氧羰基或苄氧或其他疏水基团或大分子载体基团中的任一基团。
X2为氨基(NH2)、羧基、羟基、酰胺基或叔丁氧羰基或其他疏水基团或大分子载体基团中的任一基团。
X3为乙酰基(Ac)、氨基(NH2)、马来酰基、琥珀酰基、叔丁氧羰基或苄氧或其他疏水基团或大分子载体基团中的任一基团。
X4为氨基(NH2)、羧基、羟基、酰胺基或叔丁氧羰基或其他疏水基团或大分子载体基团中的任一基团。
多肽(多肽P1或多肽P2)中的氨基酸的缩写具有本领域公知的含义,除前面已经描述的氨基酸缩写外,本发明多肽中还包括:A为丙氨酸、Q为谷氨酰胺、N为天冬酰胺等。所述氨基酸为L型氨基酸,多肽中其中的一个或多个(如2-5个、2-4个或2-3个)氨基酸也可以被化学性质接近的L型氨基酸或用构象为D型的氨基酸、人工修饰的氨基酸、自然界存在的稀有氨基酸等进行替换,以提高多肽的生物利用度、稳定性和/或抗病毒活性。其中D型氨基酸是指与组成蛋白质的L型氨基酸相对应的氨基酸;人工修饰的氨基酸指经过甲基化、磷酸化等修饰的组成蛋白质的常见L型氨基酸;自然界存在的稀有氨基酸包括组成蛋白质的不常见氨基酸和不组成蛋白质的氨基酸,例如5-羟基赖氨酸、甲基组氨酸、γ氨基丁酸、高丝氨酸等。
多肽(多肽P1或多肽P2)中氨基酸可以被一个或多个其他氨基酸取代、添加或缺失,而多肽仍具有强效抑制艾滋病毒的活性。氨基酸的取代是指在多肽序列某个位置的某个氨基酸残基被其他氨基酸所取代,优选的是保守氨基酸;氨基酸的添加是指在多肽序列的N端或C端或某个适当的位置插入其他氨基酸残基,插入的氨基酸残基可以全部或部分彼此相邻,或不彼此相邻;氨基酸的缺失是指在多肽序列中删除一个或多个氨基酸残基,只要多肽具有抑制艾滋病病毒的活性。
所谓的保守氨基酸或氨基酸的保守性,具有本领域公知的含义。例如,根据氨基酸分子中所含氨基和羧基数目的不同将氨基酸分为酸性氨基酸、碱性氨基酸和中性氨基酸,其中酸性氨基酸是指E和D(天冬氨酸),碱性氨基酸是指K、R(精氨酸)和H(组氨酸),中性氨基酸是指A、L、I、V、C、Y(酪氨酸)、G(甘氨酸)、M(蛋氨酸)、S(丝氨酸)、T(苏氨酸)、F(苯丙氨酸)、W(色氨酸)和P(脯氨酸)。又例如,按氨基酸的亲水性和疏水性可分为亲水性氨基酸(D、E、H、K、Q、R、S、T)和疏水性氨基酸(A、F、I、L、M、P、V、W、Y)。又例如,亲水不带电荷的氨基酸是指N、Q、S和T;脂肪族不带电荷的氨基酸是指A、L、I、V和G;非极性不带电荷的氨基酸是指C、M和P;芳香族氨基酸是指Y、F和W。又例如,含有醇基团的氨基酸有S和T;脂肪族氨基酸有L、I、V和M;环烯基相关的氨基酸有F、H、W和Y。
具体的,所述多肽P1为如下(c1)或(c2)或(c3)或(c4)或(c5):
(c1)序列表中序列1所示的多肽;
(c2)序列表中序列5所示的多肽;
(c3)序列表中序列6所示的多肽;
(c4)在(c1)至(c3)任一所述多肽基础上进行氨基酸残基的取代和/或缺失和/或添加得到的具有抗病毒活性的多肽;
(c5)与(c1)至(c3)任一所述多肽具有至少60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%同一性且具有抗病毒活性的多肽。
具体的,所述多肽P2为如下(d1)或(d2)或(d3)或(d4):
(d1)序列表中序列7所示的多肽;
(d2)序列表中序列8所示的多肽;
(d3)在(d1)至(d2)任一所述多肽基础上进行氨基酸残基的取代和/或缺失和/或添加得到的具有抗病毒活性的多肽;
(d4)与(d1)至(d2)任一所述多肽具有至少60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%同一性且具有抗病毒活性的多肽。
本发明人团队十几年来的研究经验已经表明,由多肽(多肽P1或多肽P2)中氨基酸的取代、添加或缺失而衍生的多肽,其序列同一性可达到约60%、70%、80%、90%或95%,但抑制剂仍可具有强效的抗病毒活性。
本发明所描述的脂肽有可能含有一个或多个手性中心,和/或者双键以及诸如此类的结构,也可能存在立体异构体,包括双键的异构体(比如几何异构体)、旋光对映异构体或者非对映异构体。相应的,在本文描述范围内的任意化学结构,无论是部分或整体结构中含有上述类似结构,都包括了此脂肽的所有可能的对映异构体和非对映异构体,其中也包括了单纯的任一种立体异构体(如单纯的几何异构体、单纯的对映异构体或者单纯的非对映异构体)以及这些异构体的任意一种混合物。这些消旋异构体和立体异构体的混合物由本领域技术人员利用不停的分离技术或手性分子合成的方法也可进一步被拆分成其组成成分的对映异构体或立体异构体。脂肽包括但不限于各种光学异构体、消旋体和/或其他的混合物。上述情况下,其中单一的对映异构体或非对映异构体,如有旋光的异构体,可以用不对称合成的方法或消旋体拆分的方法获得。消旋体的拆分可用不同的方法实现,如常规的用助拆分的试剂重结晶,或用色谱方法。另外,脂肽也包含了带双键的顺式和/或反式的异构体。
本发明所述脂肽包含但不限于所述脂肽所有的在药学上可用的不同形式。这些药学上可用的不同形式包括各种可药用的盐、溶剂化物、络合物、螯合物、非共价的复合物、基于上述物质基础上的药物前体和上述这些形式的任意混合物。
本发明所指的药用盐,包括醋酸盐、乳糖醛酸盐、苯磺酸盐、月桂酸酯、安息香酸盐、苹果酸盐、重碳酸盐、马来酸盐、硫酸氢盐、扁桃酸盐、酒石酸氢盐、甲磺酸盐、硼酸盐、溴甲烷、溴化物、硝酸甲酯、依地酸钙、甲基硫酸盐、右旋樟脑磺酸、粘酸盐、碳酸盐、萘磺酸盐、氯化物、硝酸盐、棒酸盐、N-甲葡糖胺、柠檬酸盐、铵盐、二氢氯化物、油酸盐、乙二胺四乙酸盐、草酸盐、乙二磺酸盐、扑酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、丙酸酯月桂硫酸酯、棕榈酸盐、乙磺酸酯、泛酸盐、延胡索酸盐、磷酸盐/二磷酸,葡庚糖酸盐、聚半乳糖醛酸盐、葡(萄)糖酸盐、水杨酸盐、谷氨酸盐,硬脂酸盐,对羟乙酰氨基苯胂酸、硫酸盐、羟基苯甲酸盐、碱式乙酸盐、海巴、琥珀酸盐、氢溴酸盐、丹宁酸盐、氢氯化物、酒石酸盐、羟萘酸盐、8-氯茶碱盐、碘化物、甲苯磺酸盐、三乙基碘、乳酸、戊酸盐等。取决于用途,药用盐可以由阳离子如钠、钾、铋等所形成,也可由碱如氨、乙二胺、N-甲基-谷氨酰胺、赖氨酸、精氨酸、鸟氨酸、胆碱、N,N'-二苄基乙二胺、氯普鲁卡因、二乙醇氨、普鲁卡因、二乙胺、哌嗪、三羟甲基氨基甲烷和羟化四甲铵等所形成。这些盐可以采用标准方法制备,例如通过游离酸与有机或无机碱的反应。在一个碱性基团如氨基存在的情况下,酸性盐如氢氯化物、氢溴化物、醋酸盐、扑酸盐等可用作剂型;在一个酸性基团或醇基存在的情况下,可药用的酯如醋酸酯、马来酸酯、三甲基乙酸氯甲酯等、以及文献中公知的用于改善可溶性和水解性的酯可以用作持续释放和前体药制剂。
本发明还保护多聚体,为如下(e1)或(e2)或(e3):
(e1)由任一所述脂肽形成的多聚体;
(e2)由任一所述药用盐形成的多聚体;
(e3)由任一所述衍生物形成的多聚体。
本发明还保护以上任一所述脂肽或以上任一所述药用盐或以上任一所述衍生物或所述多聚体的应用,为如下(f1)或(f2)或(f3)或(f4):
(f1)在制备病毒膜融合抑制剂中的应用;
(f2)在制备用于预防和/或治疗病毒所致疾病的药物中的应用;
(f3)作为病毒膜融合抑制剂的应用;
(f4)在预防和/或治疗病毒所致疾病中的应用。
本发明还保护一种产品,包括以上任一所述脂肽或以上任一所述药用盐或以上任一所述衍生物或所述多聚体;所述产品的功能为如下(g1)或(g2):
(g1)作为病毒膜融合抑制剂;
(g2)预防和/或治疗病毒所致疾病。
所述产品还可包括载体材料
本发明还公开了所述产品的应用,为如下(g1)或(g2):
(g1)作为病毒膜融合抑制剂;
(g2)预防和/或治疗病毒所致疾病。
本发明还公开了治疗或/和预防病毒感染动物的方法,包括给受体动物施用以上任一所述脂肽或以上任一所述药用盐或以上任一所述衍生物或所述多聚体以抑制病毒感染动物。
以上任一所述病毒为艾滋病病毒。
所述病毒为人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和/或猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)。
具体的,所述HIV为HIV-1和/或HIV-2。
具体的,所述HIV为T20耐药株。
具体的,所述HIV为LP-98耐药株。
具体的,所述病毒为T20耐药病毒和/或LP-40耐药病毒和/或LP-52耐药病毒和/或SC29EK耐药病毒和/或SC22EK耐药病毒和/或MTSC22耐药病毒和/或SFT耐药病毒。
具体的,以上任一所述产品可为药物或疫苗。
在实际应用中,可以将本发明的脂肽作为药物直接给予病人、或者与适宜的载体或赋形剂混合后给予病人,以达到治疗和/或预防艾滋病感染的目的。
所述载体材料包括但不限于水溶性载体材料(如聚乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、有机酸等)、难溶性载体材料(如乙基纤维素、胆固醇硬脂酸酯等)、肠溶性载体材料(如醋酸纤维素酞酸酯和羧甲乙纤维素等)。其中优选的是水溶性载体材料。使用这些材料可以制成多种剂型,包括但不限于片剂、胶囊、滴丸、气雾剂、丸剂、粉剂、溶液剂、混悬剂、乳剂、颗粒剂、脂质体、透皮剂、口含片、栓剂、冻干粉针剂等。可以是普通制剂、缓释制剂、控释制剂及各种微粒给药系统。为了将单位给药剂型制成片剂,可以广泛使用本领域公知的各种载体。关于载体的例子是,例如稀释剂与吸收剂,如淀粉、糊精、硫酸钙、乳糖、甘露醇、蔗糖、氯化钠、葡萄糖、尿素、碳酸钙、白陶土、微晶纤维素、硅酸铝等;湿润剂与粘合剂,如水、甘油、聚乙二醇、乙醇、丙醇、淀粉浆、糊精、糖浆、蜂蜜、葡萄糖溶液、阿拉伯胶浆、明胶浆、羧甲基纤维素钠、紫胶、甲基纤维素、磷酸钾、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等;崩解剂,例如干燥淀粉、海藻酸盐、琼脂粉、褐藻淀粉、碳酸氢钠与枸橼酸、碳酸钙、聚氧乙烯、山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、十二烷基磺酸钠、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素等;崩解抑制剂,例如蔗糖、三硬脂酸甘油酯、可可脂、氢化油等;吸收促进剂,例如季铵盐、十二烷基硫酸钠等;润滑剂,例如滑石粉、二氧化硅、玉米淀粉、硬脂酸盐、硼酸、液体石蜡、聚乙二醇等。还可以将片剂进一步制成包衣片,例如糖包衣片、薄膜包衣片、肠溶包衣片,或双层片和多层片。为了将单位给药剂型制成丸剂,可以广泛使用本领域公知的各种载体。关于载体的例子是,例如稀释剂与吸收剂,如葡萄糖、乳糖、淀粉、可可脂、氢化植物油、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、Gelucire、高岭土、滑石粉等;粘合剂如阿拉伯胶、黄蓍胶、明胶、乙醇、蜂蜜、液糖、米糊或面糊等;崩解剂,如琼脂粉、干燥淀粉、海藻酸盐、十二烷基磺酸钠、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素等。为了将单位给药剂型制成栓剂,可以广泛使用本领域公知的各种载体。关于载体的例子是,例如聚乙二醇、卵磷脂、可可脂、高级醇、高级醇的酯、明胶、半合成甘油酯等。为了将单位给药剂型制成注射用制剂,如溶液剂、乳剂、冻干粉针剂和混悬剂,可以使用本领域常用的所有稀释剂,例如,水、乙醇、聚乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、乙氧基化的异硬脂醇、多氧化的异硬脂醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇脂肪酸酯等。另外,为了制备等渗注射液,可以向注射用制剂中添加适量的氯化钠、葡萄糖或甘油,此外,还可以添加常规的助溶剂、缓冲剂、pH调节剂等。此外,如需要,也可以向药物制剂中添加着色剂、防腐剂、香料、矫味剂、甜味剂或其它材料。使用上述剂型可以经注射给药,包括皮下注射、静脉注射、肌肉注射和腔内注射等;腔道给药,如经直肠和阴道;呼吸道给药,如经鼻腔;粘膜给药。上述给药途径优选的是注射给药。
本发明的脂肽的给药剂量取决于许多因素,例如所要预防或治疗疾病的性质和严重程度,患者或动物的性别、年龄、体重及个体反应,所用的具体活性成分,给药途径及给药次数等。上述剂量可以单一剂量形式或分成几个,例如二、三或四个剂量形式给药。
本发明的脂肽可以直接单独用于艾滋病感染者的治疗和预防,也可以与一种或多种抗病毒药物联合使用,以达到提高整体治疗效果的目的。这些抗病毒药物包括但不限于逆转录酶抑制剂、蛋白酶抑制剂、侵入抑制剂、整合抑制剂和成熟抑制剂等。上述的逆转录酶抑制剂可以是AZT、3TC、ddI、d4T、ddT、TDF、Abacavir、Nevirapine、Efavirenz、Delavirdine、阿兹夫定、艾诺韦林等的一种或几种;上述的蛋白酶抑制剂可以是Saquinavir mesylate、Idinavir、Ritonavir、Amprenavir、Kaletra和Nelfinavirmesylate等的一种或几种;上述的侵入抑制剂可以是Maraviroc、TAK-779、T20、T2635、西夫韦肽、艾博韦肽等的一种或几种;上述的整合抑制剂可以是Raltegravir、Dolutegravir和Elvitegravi等的一种或几种。
对于任何具体的患者,具体的治疗有效剂量水平须根据多种因素而定,所述因素包括所治疗的障碍和该障碍的严重程度;所采用的具体活性成分的活性;所采用的具体组合物;患者的年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别和饮食;所采用的具体活性成分的给药时间、给药途径和排泄率;治疗持续时间;与所采用的具体活性成分组合使用或同时使用的药物;及医疗领域公知的类似因素。例如,本领域的做法是,活性成分的剂量从低于为得到所需治疗效果而要求的水平开始,逐渐增加剂量,直到得到所需的效果。一般说来,本发明的试剂用于哺乳动物特别是人的剂量可以介于0.001-1000mg/kg体重/天,例如介于0.01-100mg/kg体重/天,又例如介于0.1-10mg/kg体重/天。
本发明脂肽对HIV-1、HIV-2和SIV均具有极强的抑制活性,尤其对T20和LP-98耐药性HIV毒株的抑制活性显著提高。因此本发明化合物是一种广谱的抑制剂,可以用HIV-1、HIV-2及SIV的治疗和预防。本发明对于艾滋病防治具有重大应用价值。
现有的研究认为,HIV融合蛋白gp41的NHR螺旋的疏水口袋是重要的药物靶点,而CHR螺旋N末端的8个氨基酸的PBD序列(W1MEW2DREI)对多肽类HIV膜融合抑制剂的设计具有重要作用,特别是高度保守的二个色氨酸(指定为W1和W2)和一个异亮氨酸(I)与疏水口袋的相互作用被认为是抑制剂结合NHR靶点发挥抗病毒活性的关键所在。鉴于PBD序列的重要性,本发明致力于设计和鉴定含有PBD氨基酸的强效HIV膜融合抑制剂。发明人通过系统的研究惊奇地发现,仅含有PBD末端的EI二个氨基酸的脂肽具有显著增强的抗病毒活性,而进一步加上包含有W2或W1的相应氨基酸基序反而导致脂肽的抗病毒活性逐步下降。这一重要发现为研发新型HIV膜融合抑制剂药物提供了创新性思路和设计策略。
附图说明
图1为背景技术中T20、C34、SFT、ABT和LP-98的序列比较示意图。
图2为实施例2的结果图(脂肽的序列结构及其抗HIV-1活性的鉴定)。
图3为实施例3的结果图(代表性脂肽对多种HIV-1耐药病毒株的抑制作用,括号中标粗的数字表示与LP-98相比活性的提高倍数)。
图4为实施例4的结果图(代表性脂肽对HIV-2和SIV的抑制作用)。
图5为实施例5的结果图(代表性脂肽的螺旋结构特征及其与靶点序列的相互作用;A:单独脂肽抑制剂的α-螺旋含量;B:单独脂肽抑制剂的螺旋稳定性;C:脂肽抑制剂与N42多肽复合物的α-螺旋含量;D:脂肽抑制剂与N42多肽复合物的的螺旋稳定性。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述,给出的实施例仅为了阐明本发明,而不是为了限制本发明的范围。以下提供的实施例可作为本技术领域普通技术人员进行进一步改进的指南,并不以任何方式构成对本发明的限制。本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进相关参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明范围内。本发明的方法已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的化合物和制备方法进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。如无特殊说明,以下实施例中的定量试验,均设置三次重复实验,结果取平均值。
实施例1、脂肽的制备
分别制备以下四种脂肽:
含有PBD末端E和I两个氨基酸的脂肽LP-101(包含1个NHR口袋插入氨基酸);
含有W2EQKI五个氨基酸的脂肽LP-102(包含2个NHR口袋插入氨基酸);
含有W2DREI五个氨基酸的脂肽LP-103(包含2个NHR口袋插入氨基酸);
含有W1EEW2EKKI所有8个PBD氨基酸的脂肽LP-104(包含3个NHR口袋插入氨基酸)。
W1指的是PBD自N端起的第一个W,W2指的是PBD自N端起的第二个W。
鉴定上述四种脂肽的抗病毒活性,进一步改造获得另外四种脂肽。
分别制备以下四种脂肽:
脂肽LP-105(与脂肽LP-101相比,NHR口袋插入氨基酸I被替换成氨基酸V);
脂肽LP-106(与脂肽LP-101相比,NHR口袋插入氨基酸I被替换成氨基酸L);
脂肽LP-107(与脂肽LP-101相比,肽链C末端增加一个氨基酸K);
脂肽LP-108(与脂肽LP-101相比,肽链C末端增加一个氨基酸C)。
制备脂肽LP-98。
制备的上述九种脂肽均具有胆固醇修饰。脂肽LP-98、脂肽LP-101、脂肽LP-102、脂肽LP-103、脂肽LP-104、脂肽LP-105、脂肽LP-106和脂肽LP-107的胆固醇修饰均通过对肽链C末端的赖氨酸的侧链氨基进行酰胺化反应实现。脂肽LP-108的胆固醇修饰通过对肽链C末端半胱氨酸侧链的巯基和溴乙酸胆固醇酯进行化学选择性极高的成硫醚反应实现。九种脂肽的氨基末端均连接乙酰基(Ac)作为氨基端保护基,并且羧基末端均连接氨基(NH2)作为羧基端保护基。
九种脂肽的结构如下:
LP-98:Ac-YEQKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEK(chol)-NH2;
LP-101:Ac-EIEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEK(chol)-NH2;
LP-102:Ac-WEQKIEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEK(chol)-NH2;
LP-103:Ac-WDREIEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEK(chol)-NH2;
LP-104:Ac-WEEWEKKIEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEK(chol)-NH2;
LP-105:Ac-EVEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEK(chol)-NH2;
LP-106:Ac-ELEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEK(chol)-NH2;
LP-107:Ac-EIEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEKK(chol)-NH2;
LP-108:Ac-EIEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEKC(chol)-NH2;
(chol)指的是C末端的氨基酸修饰有胆固醇。
九种脂肽的肽链的氨基酸序列如下(自N端至C端):
LP-98(序列9):YEQKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEK;
LP-101(序列1):EIEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEK;
LP-102(序列2):WEQKIEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEK;
LP-103(序列3):WDREIEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEK;
LP-104(序列4):WEEWEKKIEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEK;
LP-105(序列5):EVEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEK;
LP-106(序列6):ELEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEK;
LP-107(序列7):EIEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEKK;
LP-108(序列8):EIEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEKC。
脂肽可以采用任何现有技术中的常规方法制备得到。
示例性的,可采用以下方法制备脂肽:
一、制备过程中所需的化学试剂
所有的化学试剂如各种Fmoc氨基酸、N,N'-二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC)、1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBt)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、哌啶(PIPE)、茚三酮、乙酸酐(Ac2O)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIEA)、水合肼、胆固醇单琥珀酸酯、三氟乙酸(TFA)、乙二硫醇(EDT)、苯甲硫醚(TA)、三异丙基硅烷(TIPS)、苯酚等均从主要化学试剂供应商购买,使用前未经过进一步的提纯。多肽合成过程中使用的保护氨基酸原料包括Fmoc-Lys(Dde)-OH、Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH、Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-OH、Fmoc-Ile-OH、Fmoc-Leu-OH、Fmoc-Ala-OH、Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-Asn(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-Val-OH、Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OH、Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH。其中的缩写具有公知的定义,例如:Fmoc为9-芴甲氧羰基,Dde为1-(4,4-二甲基-2,6-二氧代环己亚基)乙基,Boc为叔丁氧羰酰基,tBu为叔丁基,OtBu为叔丁氧基,Trt为三苯甲基,Pbf为(2,3-二氢-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基苯并呋喃-5-基)磺酰基。
二、肽树脂的合成
使用Rink Amide MBHA树脂为载体树脂,通过去Fmoc保护和偶联反应,依次与多肽氨基酸序列相应的保护氨基酸偶联,制得肽树脂。
1、接入主链第1个保护氨基酸
取0.3mmol第1个保护氨基酸Fmoc-Lys(Dde)-OH或Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OH和0.3mmolHOBt,用适量DMF溶解;另取0.3mmol DIC,振荡下慢慢加入至保护氨基酸DMF溶液中,于室温环境中振荡反应5分钟,得到活化后的保护氨基酸溶液,备用。
取0.1mmol的Rink Amide MBHA树脂(0.35mmol/g×0.3g),采用25% PIPE/DMF溶液(体积比)去保护20分钟(两次),洗涤过滤得到去Fmoc的树脂。
将活化后的第1个保护氨基酸溶液加入到已去Fmoc的树脂中,偶联反应60分钟,过滤洗涤,得含第1个保护氨基酸Fmoc-Lys(Dde)的树脂。
2、接入主链其他保护氨基酸
采用上述接入主链第1个保护氨基酸同样的方法,依次接入多肽对应的其他保护氨基酸,得含主链氨基酸的树脂。最后用0.3mmol Ac2O+0.6mmol DIEA对N端进行乙酰化封端,完成主链的合成。以上每步反应后都通过Kaiser Test检测对反应进行控制,若某个氨基酸缩合反应不完全,则重复缩合一次,直至得到所需的目标肽段。
3、多肽的胆固醇的修饰
赖氨酸侧链的胆固醇接入方法见发明人发表的文献(Xue et al.,2022)。用尽量小体积的2%水合肼/DMF溶液(体积比)处理树脂去除C端赖氨酸侧链的Dde保护基(10分钟,两次),过滤洗涤,得到去Dde的树脂备用。取0.3mmol胆固醇琥珀酸单酯和0.3mmol HOBt,用适量DMF溶解;另取0.3mmol DIC,慢慢加入至含胆固醇琥珀酸单酯和HOBt的溶液中,于室温环境中振荡反应5分钟。将制备的含胆固醇琥珀酸单酯、HOBt和DIC溶液加入到获得的去Dde的树脂中,偶联反应60分钟,过滤、洗涤和干燥,得到肽树脂。
半胱氨酸侧链的胆固醇接入方法参照Dwyer等发表的文献(Dwyer et al.,2007),本方法已在本发明人实验室常规采用制备胆固醇修饰的脂肽,如C34-Chol、LP-83、LP-86和LP-97(Xue et al.,2022;Zhu et al.,2019)。首先根据文献中描述的技术路线合成溴乙酸胆固醇酯,然后通过多肽C末端半胱氨酸侧链的巯基和溴乙酸胆固醇酯进行化学选择性极高的成硫醚反应接枝到多肽链上,即按常规方法合成多肽粗品后,将其溶解于纯DMSO中,加入溶于少量三氟乙酸(THF)中的1倍当量胆固醇溴乙酸酯,再加入纯二异丙基乙胺(DIEA)调节至碱性。用RP-HPLC跟踪反应,一般在1小时内即可完成。
三、粗品的制备
取上述肽树脂,加入裂解试剂(裂解试剂15mL/克树脂),混合均匀后于30℃下振荡反应3小时,将目标多肽从树脂上裂解下来并除去侧链保护基。收集反应混合物滤液,树脂再用少量TFA/DCM洗涤3次,合并滤液后加入无水乙醚沉淀,离心。滤饼再用冷的无水乙醚洗涤沉淀2次,抽干得类白色粉末即为脂肽粗品。裂解试剂的组成如下:三氟乙酸:1,2-乙二硫醇:苯甲硫醚:苯酚:H2O:三异丙基硅烷=68.5:10:10:5:3.5:1(体积比)。
四、纯品的制备
取上述脂肽粗品,加水/乙腈搅拌溶解,离心除去不溶物后备用。采用反相高效液相色谱法进行纯化。所用色谱柱型号为Agela C18(10μm,50×250mm),流动相由流动相A(0.05%TFA和2%乙腈的水溶液)和流动相B(90%乙腈/水溶液)组成。流动相流速为每分钟25mL。紫外检测波长为220纳米。取粗品溶液上样于色谱柱中,进行梯度洗脱,收集对应纯化组分,直接冷冻干燥除去溶剂,即得到蓬松状态的三氟乙酸盐多肽纯品。
将三氟乙酸盐多肽纯品用水和乙腈重新溶解,加入大量的阴离子交换树脂(醋酸根形式)后搅拌3个小时。过滤并用水/乙腈混合溶剂冲洗离子交换树脂后,合并滤液冻干,得到蓬松状态的多肽醋酸盐纯品。
所合成脂肽的化学结构由MALDI-TOF质谱进行表征,其纯度则由分析型高效液相色谱仪(Agela C18-4.6×250mm,流速每分钟1mL)给出。结果表明,所合成脂肽的纯度均大于95%。
实施例2、新结构脂肽的概念验证
本实施例采用HIV假病毒系统鉴定新结构脂肽的抗HIV活性,以脂肽LP-98作为新结构脂肽的对照,从概念上验证新结构脂肽的优越性。
供试脂肽:实施例1制备的脂肽LP-101、脂肽LP-102、脂肽LP-103、脂肽LP-104、脂肽LP-105、脂肽LP-106、脂肽LP-107、脂肽LP-108或脂肽LP-98。
HIV-1 JRFL Env expression vector和backbone plasmid(pSG3Δenv)和TZM-bl细胞(TZM-bl cell)记载于如下文献:Xue,J.,Chong,H.,Zhu,Y.,Zhang,J.,Tong,L.,Lu,J.,Chen,T.,Cong,Z.,Wei,Q.,He,Y.,2022.Efficient treatment and pre-exposureprophylaxis in rhesus macaques by an HIV fusion-inhibitory lipopeptide.Cell185,131-144e118.。将HIV-1JRFL Env expression vector和backbone plasmid(pSG3Δenv)共转染HEK293T细胞,然后于37℃、5% CO2细胞培养箱中培养48小时,然后收取上清液,过滤并收集滤液,即为含有HIV-1JRFL假病毒颗粒的病毒液(称为HIV-1JRFL病毒液),-80℃保存备用。
HIV-1NL4-3病毒液即含有HIV-1NL4-3假病毒颗粒的病毒液,制备方法基本同HIV-1JRFL病毒液的制备方法,差异仅在于替换为HIV-1NL4-3 Env expression vector。HIV-1NL4-3假病毒(文献中的“HIV-1NL4-3”)记载于如下文献:Xue,J.,Chong,H.,Zhu,Y.,Zhang,J.,Tong,L.,Lu,J.,Chen,T.,Cong,Z.,Wei,Q.,He,Y.,2022.Efficient treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis in rhesus macaques by an HIV fusion-inhibitorylipopeptide.Cell 185,131-144e118.。
供试病毒液:HIV-1NL4-3病毒液或HIV-1JRFL病毒液。
1、用去离子水溶解供试脂肽,然后用DMEM培养基稀释(3倍倍比稀释),得到脂肽稀释液。每种供试脂肽设置9个稀释度。
2、在96孔板中,药物孔加入脂肽稀释液(50μL/孔),对照孔加入DMEM培养基(50μL/孔)。均设置3个复孔。
3、完成步骤2后,在所述96孔板中加入供试病毒液(50μL/孔,病毒含量为100TCID50),然后于室温孵育30分钟。
4、完成步骤3后,在所述96孔板中加入TZM-b1细胞悬液(100μL/孔),于37℃、5%CO2细胞培养箱中培养48小时。
TZM-b1细胞悬液的制备方法:用DMEM培养基重悬TZM-b1细胞并加入DEAE-dextran,使得细胞浓度为10×104个细胞/mL且DEAE-dextran浓度为15μg/mL。
5、完成步骤4后,弃除细胞培养上清,加入细胞裂解液(30μL/孔),室温裂解15分钟,然后加入荧光素酶检测底物试剂,用微孔板光度计测定相对荧光单位(RLU),制作抑制率曲线并计算药物半数抑制浓度(IC50)。
细胞裂解液:Promega公司,货号E1531。
荧光素酶检测底物试剂:Promega公司,货号E1501。
结果见图2。
脂肽LP-101能够强效抑制HIV-1NL4-3假病毒和HIV-1JRFL假病毒在TZM-b1细胞的感染,平均IC50值分别为0.46pM和2.26pM,而作为对照的脂肽LP-98抑制HIV-1NL4-3假病毒和HIV-1JRFL假病毒的平均IC50值分别为1.07pM和2.58pM。
令人非常意外的是,脂肽LP-102、脂肽LP-103和脂肽LP-104的抗病毒活性明显下降,尤其是含有8个氨基酸完整PBD序列的脂肽LP-104抑制HIV-1NL4-3假病毒和HIV-1JRFL假病毒的IC50分别为14.50pM和60.18pM,相较于脂肽LP-101的活性分别下降了约32倍和27倍。结果表明,含有PBD末端EI两个氨基酸的脂肽具有最高的抗病毒活性,而含有更多PBD序列反而导致脂肽活性显著下降,揭示了脂肽抑制剂的结构与功能的关系。
脂肽LP-105和脂肽LP-106表现出类似于脂肽LP-101的抑制活性,说明脂肽的NHR疏水口袋插入氨基酸I可以被氨基酸V或L所替代而不影响抑制剂的活性。
脂肽LP-107和脂肽LP-108也表现出类似于脂肽LP-101的抑制活性,说明不同的胆固醇修饰方法对抑制剂的抗病毒作用没有明显影响。
实施例3、新结构脂肽对HIV耐药株的抑制活性
HIV容易产生耐药,导致治疗失败,是药物研发需要重点解决的问题。本实施例采用HIV假病毒系统评价新结构脂肽(以脂肽LP-101和脂肽LP-108为示例)对多种HIV膜融合抑制剂耐药性病毒株的抑制活性,以脂肽LP-98作为新结构脂肽的对照,来确认新结构脂肽的成药性。
T20耐药性NL4-3突变株,为T20诱导的HIV-1NL4-3病毒的突变株,具体为如下突变株:I37T、V38A、V38M、Q40H、N43K、D36S/V38M、I37T/N43K、V38A/N42T。HIV-1NL4-3病毒(文献中的HIV-1NL4-3 WT)以及上述各个突变株均记载于如下文献(位于文献的Table 3):Chong,H.,Yao,X.,Zhang,C.,Cai,L.,Cui,S.,Wang,Y.,He,Y.,2012.Biophysical property andbroad anti-HIV activity of albuvirtide,a 3-maleimimidopropionic acid-modifiedpeptide fusion inhibitor.PloS one 7,e32599.。
LP-40诱导NL4-3耐药株,为LP-40诱导的HIV-1NL4-3病毒的突变株,具体为如下突变株:L33S、V38T、N42T、L33S/I37T、L33S/V38A/N42T。HIV-1NL4-3病毒(文献中的Pseudo virusNL4-3)以及上述各个突变株均记载于如下文献(位于文献的Table 2和Table 3):Hu,Y.,Yu,W.,Geng,X.,Zhu,Y.,Chong,H.,He,Y.,2022.In Vitro Selection andCharacterization of HIV-1Variants with Increased Resistance to LP-40,Enfuvirtide-Based Lipopeptide Inhibitor.International journal of molecularsciences 23.。
LP-52诱导SIVmac239耐药株,为LP-52诱导的SIVmac239病毒的突变株,具体为如下突变株:V562A、V562M、V562A/E657G、V562M/E657G、V562A/S760G、V562M/S760G。SIVmac239病毒(文献中的“Pseudovirus SIVmac239 WT”)以及上述各个突变株均记载于如下文献(位于文献的Table 2):Yu,D.,Xue,J.,Wei,H.,Cong,Z.,Chen,T.,Zhu,Y.,Chong,H.,Wei,Q.,Qin,C.,He,Y.,2020.Therapeutic Efficacy and Resistance Selection ofa Lipopeptide Fusion Inhibitor in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-InfectedRhesus Macaques.Journal of virology 94,e00384-00320.。
LP-52诱导NL4-3耐药株,为LP-52诱导的HIV-1NL4-3病毒的突变株,具体为如下突变株:V547A/E646G、V547M/646G。HIV-1NL4-3病毒(文献中的“Pseudovirus HIV-1NL4-3 WT”)以及上述各个突变株均记载于如下文献(位于文献的Table 2):Yu,D.,Xue,J.,Wei,H.,Cong,Z.,Chen,T.,Zhu,Y.,Chong,H.,Wei,Q.,Qin,C.,He,Y.,2020.Therapeutic Efficacy andResistance Selection of a Lipopeptide Fusion Inhibitor in SimianImmunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaques.Journal of virology 94,e00384-00320.。
SC29EK诱导NL4-3耐药株,为SC29EK诱导的HIV-1NL4-3病毒的突变株,具体为如下突变株:E49A、N43K/E49A、Q39R/N43K/N126K、N43K/E49A/N126K。HIV-1NL4-3病毒(文献中的HIV-1NL4-3 Wild type)以及上述各个突变株均记载于如下文献(位于文献的Table 1):Wu,X.,Liu,Z.,Ding,X.,Yu,D.,Wei,H.,Qin,B.,Zhu,Y.,Chong,H.,Cui,S.,He,Y.,2018.Mechanism of HIV-1Resistance to an Electronically Constrained alpha-Helical Peptide Membrane Fusion Inhibitor.Journal of virology 92,e02044-02017.。
SC22EK诱导NL4-3耐药株,为SC22EK诱导的HIV-1NL4-3病毒的突变株,具体为如下突变株:E49K、N126K、E49K/N126K。HIV-1NL4-3病毒(文献中的HIV-1NL4-3 virus Wild type)以及上述各个突变株均记载于如下文献(位于文献的Table 1):Su,Y.,Chong,H.,Qiu,Z.,Xiong,S.,He,Y.,2015a.Mechanism of HIV-1 Resistance to Short-Peptide FusionInhibitors Targeting the Gp41 Pocket.Journal of virology 89,5801-5811.。
MTSC22诱导NL4-3耐药株,为MTSC22诱导的HIV-1NL4-3病毒的突变株,具体为如下突变株:L57R、E136G、L57R/E136G。HIV-1NL4-3病毒(文献中的HIV-1NL4-3 Wild type)以及上述各个突变株均记载于如下文献(位于文献的Table 1):Su,Y.,Chong,H.,Xiong,S.,Qiao,Y.,Qiu,Z.,He,Y.,2015b.Genetic Pathway of HIV-1Resistance to Novel FusionInhibitors Targeting the Gp41 Pocket.Journal of virology 89,12467-12479.。
SFT诱导NL4-3耐药株,为SFT诱导的HIV-1NL4-3病毒的突变株,具体为如下突变株:Q52R。HIV-1NL4-3病毒(文献中的HIV-1NL4-3 virus WT)以及上述突变株均记载于如下文献(位于文献的Table 1):Yu,D.,Ding,X.,Liu,Z.,Wu,X.,Zhu,Y.,Wei,H.,Chong,H.,Cui,S.,He,Y.,2018.Molecular mechanism of HIV-1resistance to sifuvirtide,a clinicaltrial-approved membrane fusion inhibitor.The Journal of biological chemistry293,12703-12718.。
供试病毒液:各个T20耐药性NL4-3突变株病毒液、各个LP-40诱导NL4-3耐药株病毒液、各个LP-52诱导SIVmac239耐药株病毒液、各个LP-52诱导NL4-3耐药株病毒液、各个SC29EK诱导NL4-3耐药株病毒液、各个SC22EK诱导NL4-3耐药株病毒液、各个MTSC22诱导NL4-3耐药株病毒液或SFT诱导NL4-3耐药株病毒液。
供试脂肽:实施例1制备的脂肽LP-101、脂肽LP-108或脂肽LP-98。
方法同实施例2。
结果见图3。
针对各个T20耐药性NL4-3突变株的抑制活性,脂肽LP-101与脂肽LP-98相比提高了12倍到131倍,脂肽LP-108与脂肽LP-98相比提高了14倍到304倍。针对各个LP-40诱导NL4-3耐药株的抑制活性,脂肽LP-101与脂肽LP-98相比提高了20倍到150倍,脂肽LP-108与脂肽LP-98相比提高了9倍到250倍。针对各个LP-52诱导SIVmac239耐药株的抑制活性,脂肽LP-101与脂肽LP-98相比提高了71倍到758倍,脂肽LP-108与脂肽LP-98相比提高了147倍到907倍。针对两个LP-52诱导NL4-3耐药株的抑制活性,脂肽LP-101与LP-98相比提高了106倍或46倍,脂肽LP-108与脂肽LP-98相比提高了95倍或30倍。针对各个SC29EK诱导NL4-3耐药株的抑制活性,脂肽LP-101与脂肽LP-98相比提高了5倍到392倍,脂肽LP-108与脂肽LP-98相比提高了4倍到429倍。针对各个SC22EK诱导NL4-3耐药株的抑制活性,脂肽LP-101与脂肽LP-98相比提高了3倍到11倍,脂肽LP-108与脂肽LP-98相比提高了1倍到10倍。针对各个MTSC22诱导NL4-3耐药株的抑制活性,脂肽LP-98的IC50值为脂肽LP-101的0.4倍到2倍,为脂肽LP-108的0.2倍到2倍。针对SFT诱导NL4-3耐药株的抑制活性,脂肽LP-101与脂肽LP-98相比提高了3倍,而脂肽LP-108与脂肽LP-98相比具有类似的活性。
鉴于T20、LP-40和LP-52均不具有PBD氨基酸,而SC29EK、SC22EK、MTSC22和SFT则含有完整的PBD序列,尤其MTSC22还含有另外的N端“M-T钩子”结构,上述进一步深度揭示脂肽LP-101、脂肽LP-108以及脂肽LP-98作为抑制剂的结构与功能的关系。
实施例4、脂肽对HIV-2和SIV的抑制活性比较
供试病毒液:HIV-2ROD病毒液、HIV-2ST病毒液、SIVmac239病毒液或SIVPBJ病毒液。HIV-2ROD病毒和HIV-2ST病毒均为感染性HIV-2病毒(Virus type:Replicative)。SIVmac239病毒和SIVPBJ病毒均为SIV假病毒(Virus type:Pseudotype)。HIV-2ROD病毒、HIV-2ST病毒、SIVmac239病毒和SIVPBJ病毒均记载于如下文献(位于文献的Table S1):Xue,J.,Chong,H.,Zhu,Y.,Zhang,J.,Tong,L.,Lu,J.,Chen,T.,Cong,Z.,Wei,Q.,He,Y.,2022.Efficienttreatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis in rhesus macaques by an HIV fusion-inhibitory lipopeptide.Cell 185,131-144e118.。
供试脂肽:实施例1制备的脂肽LP-101、脂肽LP-108或脂肽LP-98。
方法同实施例2。
结果见图4。与脂肽LP-98相比,脂肽LP-101对HIV-2ROD病毒和HIV-2ST病毒的抑制活性分别提高了2倍和2倍,对SIVmac239病毒和SIVPBJ病毒的抑制活性分别提高了2倍和8倍。脂肽LP-108对HIV-2ROD病毒、HIV-2ST病毒和SIVmac239病毒的抑制活性与脂肽LP-98相当,对SIVPBJ病毒的抑制活性分别提高了8倍。因此,新结构脂肽对HIV-2和SIV均具有较强的抑制活性,进一步体现其广谱的抗病毒作用。
实施例5、脂肽的螺旋结构特征及结合稳定性分析
为分析新结构脂肽的结构特征及探讨其作用机制,采用圆二色谱(CD)技术测定了实施例制备的脂肽LP-101和脂肽LP-108自身及其与靶序列复合物的二级结构(α-螺旋含量)以及热稳定性(Tm值)。以脂肽LP-98作为对照。
一、实验材料与方法
NHR多肽:作为脂肽抑制剂模拟靶标对应于gp41融合蛋白NHR序列的多肽N42由本实验室合成并常使用,参见发明人发表的文献(Xue et al.,2022)。多肽N42为:Ac-STMGAASMTLTVQARQLLSGIVQQQNNLLRAIEAQQHLLQLT-NH2,氨基酸序列如序列10所示。
CD测定方法:将脂肽LP-101、脂肽LP-108、脂肽LP-98、N42多肽与脂肽LP-101的混合物(N42/LP-101)、N42多肽与脂肽LP-108的混合物(N42/LP-108)、N42多肽与脂肽LP-98的混合物(N42/LP-98)分别溶于pH 7.2的磷酸缓冲液(PBS)中,分别得到脂肽、N42多肽终浓度均为10μM的溶液,将每种溶液于37℃水浴锅中放置30分钟,随后移至相应比色皿中,使用Jasco分光偏振仪(型号J-815)扫描195-270nm波长范围内溶液摩尔椭圆率[θ]λ的变化情况,典型α-螺旋结构可在208nm和222nm处出现最大负峰,减去PBS空白对照来校正谱值,计算过程中以峰值为-33000degree.cm2.dmol-1作为α-螺旋含量100%的标准,根据溶液在222nm处的摩尔椭圆率计算多肽α-螺旋含量的百分比。随后将该溶液加入相应检测热稳定性的比色皿中,调整CD温控模块以每分钟2℃的速度扫描20-98℃时多肽溶液[θ]222随温度变化情况。对熔解曲线进行平滑处理,利用Origin软件计算热解离转变的中点温度值(Tm)以反映螺旋热稳定程度。
二、实验结果与分析
结果见图5。
单独的脂肽LP-98、脂肽LP-101、脂肽LP-108的α-螺旋含量分别为49%、62%和49%(图5中A),说明脂肽LP-101的α-螺旋性较高。单独的脂肽LP-98、脂肽LP-101、脂肽LP-108的Tm值分别为48℃、56℃和64℃(图5中B),说明三者的螺旋稳定性脂肽LP-108最高、脂肽LP-101次之,而脂肽LP-98相对较低。
脂肽LP-98、脂肽LP-101和脂肽LP-108与N42多肽复合物的α-螺旋含量分别为73%、82%和59%(图5中C),Tm分别为79℃、88℃和89℃(图5中D)。说明N42/LP-101复合物螺旋性相对较高,N42/LP-108复合物螺旋性相对较低,但二者的螺旋稳定则接近,显著高于N42/LP-98复合物的螺旋性。
以上对本发明进行了详述。对于本领域技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明的宗旨和范围,以及无需进行不必要的实验情况下,可在等同参数、浓度和条件下,在较宽范围内实施本发明。虽然本发明给出了特殊的实施例,应该理解为,可以对本发明作进一步的改进。总之,按本发明的原理,本申请欲包括任何变更、用途或对本发明的改进,包括脱离了本申请中已公开范围,而用本领域已知的常规技术进行的改变。按以下附带的权利要求的范围,可以进行一些基本特征的应用。
Claims (5)
1.脂肽或其药用盐,其特征在于:
所述脂肽为结构式Ⅰ所示化合物;
结构式I:X1-多肽P1-X2;
所述多肽P1为氨基酸序列为“EXEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEK”的多肽;
所述多肽P1中,X为异亮氨酸、缬氨酸或亮氨酸;
所述多肽P1的末端氨基酸残基修饰有亲脂性化合物基团;所述亲脂性化合物为胆固醇;
X1为多肽P1的氨基端保护基团,为乙酰基;
X2为多肽P1的羧基端保护基团,为氨基。
2.脂肽或其药用盐,其特征在于:
所述脂肽为结构式II所示化合物;
结构式II:X3-多肽P2-X4;
所述多肽P2为氨基酸序列为“EXEELEKKIEELLKKAEEQQKKNEEELKKLEKX”的多肽;
所述多肽P2中,作为第2个氨基酸残基的“X”为异亮氨酸、缬氨酸或亮氨酸,作为第33个氨基酸残基的“X”为赖氨酸或半胱氨酸;
所述多肽P2的末端氨基酸残基修饰有亲脂性化合物基团;所述亲脂性化合物为胆固醇;
X3为多肽P2的氨基端保护基团,为乙酰基;
X4为多肽P2的羧基端保护基团,为氨基。
3.如权利要求2所述的脂肽或其药用盐,其特征在于:
所述多肽P2为如下(d1)或(d2):
(d1)序列表中序列7所示的多肽;
(d2)序列表中序列8所示的多肽。
4.权利要求1或2或3所述脂肽或其药用盐的应用,为如下(f1)或(f2):
(f1)在制备病毒膜融合抑制剂中的应用;
(f2)在制备用于预防和/或治疗病毒感染所致疾病的药物中的应用;
所述病毒为人免疫缺陷病毒和/或猴免疫缺陷病毒。
5.一种产品,包括权利要求1或2或3所述脂肽或其药用盐;所述产品的功能为如下(g1)或(g2):
(g1)作为病毒膜融合抑制剂;
(g2)预防和/或治疗病毒感染所致疾病;
所述病毒为人免疫缺陷病毒和/或猴免疫缺陷病毒。
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