CN115714582A - Radio frequency power amplifier and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Radio frequency power amplifier and electronic equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115714582A
CN115714582A CN202211478278.0A CN202211478278A CN115714582A CN 115714582 A CN115714582 A CN 115714582A CN 202211478278 A CN202211478278 A CN 202211478278A CN 115714582 A CN115714582 A CN 115714582A
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China
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transformer
capacitor
input
differential
output
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CN202211478278.0A
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彭艳军
宣凯
郭嘉帅
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Shenzhen Volans Technology Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Volans Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a radio frequency power amplifier and electronic equipment, wherein an input single-ended radio frequency signal is converted into two paths of first differential signals by an input balun network; the two paths of first differential signals are amplified by the two-path differential power amplifier and converted into four paths of second differential signals, the four paths of second differential signals are amplified and then output to the power synthesis network, and then the four paths of second differential signals are synthesized into one path of output through the power synthesis network, wherein the power synthesis network adopts the self-coupling transformer to realize signal synthesis, so that the loss can be reduced, the output power and the efficiency are improved, and the power synthesis network has a smaller volume.

Description

Radio frequency power amplifier and electronic equipment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power amplifiers, in particular to a radio frequency power amplifier and electronic equipment.
Background
A radio frequency power amplifier (RF PA) is located at the end of the transmit chain of a wireless communication system and is used to amplify the transmitted signal to a power level that drives an antenna to radiate the signal undistorted to a distance far enough to be correctly detected by a receiving device. The greater the output power of the rf power amplifier, the further the signal travels. A radio frequency power amplifier designed by a Microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMI C) process is limited by the physical characteristics of breakdown voltage, power density, and the like of a device, and the output power of a single device is limited, so that in order to obtain higher output power, a power synthesis method is often adopted to perform in-phase power synthesis on multiple paths of power amplifier die and then output the power.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a common structure of a rf power amplifier based on a magnetic coupling transformer, and two differential power amplifiers PA11 and PA12 implement power synthesis through a magnetic coupling transformer-based power synthesis network 1, and convert differential signals into single-ended signals. The efficiency of the power combining network 1 is a key factor for the rf power amplifier to output high power and operate with high efficiency. However, the power combining network 1 adopts the magnetic coupling transformer to implement power combining, although the magnetic coupling transformer can implement dc isolation, the power loss is large in a high frequency band, the maximum output power and efficiency of the power amplifier are reduced, and the chip area occupied by the magnetic coupling transformer is also large, which is not favorable for chip miniaturization.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a radio frequency power amplifier and electronic equipment, which realize power synthesis through a self-coupling transformer, can reduce loss, improve output power and efficiency, and have small volume and low cost.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an aspect of the present invention provides a radio frequency power amplifier, which includes an input balun network, a two-way differential power amplifier, and a power combining network;
the input balun network is used for converting the input single-ended radio frequency signal into two paths of first differential signals; the two-way differential power amplifier is used for amplifying the two first differential signals, converting the two first differential signals into four second differential signals, amplifying the four second differential signals and outputting the amplified four second differential signals to the power synthesis network;
the power synthesis network comprises an auto-coupling transformer, the auto-coupling transformer comprises a primary coil, a first secondary coil, a second secondary coil and a third secondary coil, the first secondary coil, the second secondary coil and the third secondary coil are sequentially connected in series to form a series branch, one end of the series branch is a signal output end, the other end of the series branch is a grounding end, two ends of the primary coil are respectively used for receiving two amplified second differential signals, two ends of the second secondary coil are respectively used for receiving the other two amplified second differential signals, the auto-coupling transformer synthesizes one path of the four paths of received second differential signals into a signal, and outputs the synthesized signal from the signal output end.
Further, the power combining network further includes a first capacitor connected in parallel across the primary winding and a second capacitor connected in parallel across the second secondary winding.
Further, the power combining network further includes a third capacitor, and the third capacitor is connected in parallel to two ends of the series branch.
Further, the input balun network comprises a first transformer, a fourth capacitor and a fifth capacitor; one input end of the first transformer is used for inputting a single-ended radio frequency signal, the other input end of the first transformer is grounded, two output ends of the first transformer are respectively used for outputting two paths of first differential signals, the fourth capacitor is connected in parallel with the two input ends of the first transformer, and the fifth capacitor is connected in parallel with the two output ends of the first transformer.
Further, the two-way differential power amplifier comprises a first amplification branch and a second amplification branch; the first amplification branch comprises a first input matching network, a first driving amplifier, a second transformer and two first differential amplifiers, and the second amplification branch comprises a second input matching network, a second driving amplifier, a third transformer and two second differential amplifiers;
the input end of the first input matching network and the input end of the second input matching network are respectively connected with two output ends of the first transformer, the output end of the first input matching network is connected with the input end of the first driving amplifier, the output end of the first driving amplifier is connected with one input end of the second transformer, the other input end of the second transformer is grounded, two output ends of the second transformer are respectively connected with the input ends of the two first differential amplifiers, and the output ends of the two first differential amplifiers are respectively connected with two ends of the primary coil;
the output end of the second input matching network is connected with the input end of the second driving amplifier, the output end of the second driving amplifier is connected with one input end of the third transformer, the other input end of the third transformer is grounded, the two output ends of the third transformer are respectively connected with the input ends of the two second differential amplifiers, and the output ends of the two second differential amplifiers are respectively connected with the two ends of the second secondary coil.
Further, the first amplification branch further includes a sixth capacitor, the second amplification branch further includes a seventh capacitor, the sixth capacitor is connected in parallel to the two output ends of the second transformer, and the seventh capacitor is connected in parallel to the two output ends of the third transformer.
Furthermore, the first driver amplifier, the first differential amplifier, the second driver amplifier and the second differential amplifier are all triodes, the base of each triode is an input end, the collector of each triode is an output end, and the emitter of each triode is grounded;
the first input matching network comprises a first inductor and an eighth capacitor, and the second input matching network comprises a second inductor and a ninth capacitor; one end of the first inductor is connected with one end of the eighth capacitor and one output end of the first transformer, the other end of the first inductor is grounded, and the other end of the eighth capacitor is connected with the input end of the first drive amplifier; one end of the second inductor is connected with one end of the ninth capacitor and the other output end of the first transformer, the other end of the second inductor is grounded, and the other end of the ninth capacitor is connected with the input end of the second driving amplifier.
Further, the two-way differential power amplifier further includes a tenth capacitor and an eleventh capacitor, the secondary windings of the second transformer and the third transformer have center taps, one end of the tenth capacitor is connected to the center tap of the secondary winding of the second transformer, the other end of the tenth capacitor is grounded, one end of the eleventh capacitor is connected to the center tap of the secondary winding of the third transformer, and the other end of the eleventh capacitor is grounded.
Another aspect of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including the radio frequency power amplifier described in any one of the above.
Has the advantages that: the radio frequency power amplifier comprises an input balun network, a two-way differential power amplifier and a power synthesis network, wherein an input single-ended radio frequency signal is converted into two-way differential signals through the input balun network, then the two-way differential signals are amplified through the two-way differential power amplifier and converted into four-way differential signals, and then the four-way differential signals are synthesized into one-way output through the power synthesis network.
Drawings
The technical solution and the advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art rf power amplifier;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a radio frequency power amplifier provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an auto-transformer provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of an rf power amplifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to the drawings, wherein like reference numbers refer to like elements, the principles of the present invention are illustrated as being implemented in a suitable computing environment. The following description is based on illustrated embodiments of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention with regard to other embodiments that are not detailed herein.
Referring to fig. 2, an rf power amplifier 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an input balun network 11, a two-way differential power amplifier 12, and a power combining network 13.
The input balun network 11 is configured to convert an input single-ended radio frequency signal rfin into two first differential signals; the two-way differential power amplifier 12 is configured to amplify the two-way first differential signals and convert the two-way first differential signals into four-way second differential signals, and amplify the four-way second differential signals and output the amplified four-way second differential signals to the power combining network 13.
The power synthesis network 13 includes a self-coupling transformer XFM1, the self-coupling transformer XFM1 includes a primary coil L11 and a first secondary coil L21, a second secondary coil L22, and a third secondary coil L23 that are sequentially connected in series to form a series branch, one end of the series branch is a signal output end, that is, one end of the first secondary coil L21 is a signal output end for outputting a synthesized signal RFout, and the other end of the series branch is a ground end, that is, one end of the third secondary coil L23 is a ground end for grounding. The two ends of the primary coil L11 are respectively used for receiving the two amplified second differential signals, the two ends of the second secondary coil L22 are respectively used for receiving the other two amplified second differential signals, the self-coupling transformer XFM1 synthesizes the four received second differential signals into one signal RFout, and outputs the synthesized signal RFout from the signal output end.
With reference to fig. 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, the self-coupling transformer XFM1 has three ports, where the port 1, that is, two ends of the primary coil L11, is configured to receive two paths of second differential signals, the port 2, that is, two ends of the secondary coil L22, is configured to receive another two paths of second differential signals, one end of the port 3 is one end of the first secondary coil L21, that is, a signal output end, and the other end of the port 3 is grounded. The primary coil L11 of the self-coupling transformer XFM1 is located in the middle of the bifilar winding and is coupled to all of the three secondary coils L21, L22, and L23, while the second secondary coil L22 is part of the secondary coil (L21 + Ls22+ L23) of the self-coupling transformer XFM1, forming an auto-transformer. The synthesis of four paths of differential signals is realized by adopting the self-coupling transformer XFM1, compared with the traditional magnetic coupling transformer synthesis mode, the loss can be reduced, the output power and the efficiency are improved, and compared with the magnetic coupling transformer, the volume is smaller, thereby being beneficial to reducing the occupied chip area.
The rf power amplifier 100 further includes a load resistor RL, one end of the load resistor RL is connected to one end of the first secondary coil L11 serving as a signal output end, and the other end of the load resistor RL is grounded.
Further, the power combining network 13 further includes a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, and a third capacitor C3. The first capacitor C1 is connected in parallel to two ends of the primary coil L11, so that the first capacitor C1 and the primary coil L11 form resonance, and impedance can be adjusted. The second capacitor C2 is connected in parallel to two ends of the second secondary coil L22, forms resonance with the second secondary coil L22, can adjust load impedance, and realizes conversion from the load impedance to the optimal output impedance of the two-way differential power amplifier. The third capacitor C3 is connected in parallel to two ends of the series branch, that is, one end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to one end of the first secondary coil L21 serving as a signal output end; the other end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to one end of the third secondary coil L23 serving as a ground terminal, and both ends are grounded.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the input balun network 11 includes a first transformer T1, a fourth capacitor C4 and a fifth capacitor C5. One input end of the first transformer is used for inputting a single-ended radio frequency signal RFin, the other input end of the first transformer is grounded, and two output ends of the first transformer T1 are respectively used for outputting two paths of first differential signals. The first transformer T1 includes a primary coil L31 and a secondary coil L32, two ends of the primary coil L31 are two input ends of the first transformer T1, and two ends of the secondary coil L32 are two output ends of the first transformer T1. The fourth capacitor C4 is connected in parallel to two input ends of the first transformer T1, the fifth capacitor C5 is connected in parallel to two output ends of the first transformer T1, and the fourth capacitor C4 and the fifth capacitor C5 serve as tuning capacitors, so that conversion from the input impedance of the dual-path differential power amplifier 12 to the input impedance of the signal input end can be realized.
Further, the two-way differential power amplifier 12 includes a first amplification branch and a second amplification branch; the first amplification branch comprises a first input matching network 121, a first driver amplifier PA1, a second transformer T2, and two first differential amplifiers PA3, PA4, and the second amplification branch comprises a second input matching network 122, a second driver amplifier PA2, a third transformer T3, and two second differential amplifiers PA5, PA6.
Wherein, the input of first input match network 121 with the input of second input match network 122 is connected respectively two outputs of first transformer T1, the output of first input match network 121 is connected the input of first driver amplifier PA1, the output of first driver amplifier PA1 is connected an input of second transformer T2, another input ground connection of second transformer T2, two outputs of second transformer T2 are connected respectively the input of two first differential amplifier PA3, PA4, the output of two first differential amplifier PA3, PA4 is connected respectively the both ends of the primary coil L11 of self-coupling transformer XFM 1.
The output of the second input matching network 122 is connected to the input of the second driver amplifier PA2, the output of the second driver amplifier PA2 is connected to an input of the third transformer T3, another input of the third transformer T3 is grounded, two outputs of the third transformer T3 are respectively connected to the inputs of the two second differential amplifiers PA5 and PA6, and the outputs of the two second differential amplifiers PA5 and PA6 are respectively connected to two ends of the second secondary coil L22 of the self-coupling transformer XFM 1.
The first amplification branch further includes a sixth capacitor C6, the second amplification branch further includes a seventh capacitor C7, the sixth capacitor C6 is connected in parallel to the two output ends of the second transformer T2, and the seventh capacitor C7 is connected in parallel to the two output ends of the third transformer T3.
As shown in fig. 2, with the radio frequency power amplifier 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, a single-ended radio frequency signal rfin is input to a first transformer T1, and is converted into two first differential signals RF1 and RF2 by the first transformer T1, one first differential signal RF1 is input to a first driving amplifier PA1 by a first input matching network 121, and is amplified by the first driving amplifier PA1 and then transmitted to a second transformer T2, the second transformer T2 forms a balun structure, and realizes the conversion from the single-ended signal to the differential signal, the two converted second differential signals are respectively input to first differential amplifiers PA3 and PA4, and are amplified by two first differential amplifiers PA3 and PA4 and then output to a primary coil L11 of an auto-coupling transformer XFM 1. The sixth capacitor C6 is connected in parallel to the two output ends of the second transformer T2, and forms an impedance transformation network with the second transformer T2, so as to realize transformation of the input impedance of the first differential amplifiers PA3 and PA4 to the optimal output impedance of the first driver amplifier PA 1. The output ends of the first differential amplifiers PA3 and PA4 are respectively connected to two ends of a primary coil L11 of the self-coupling transformer XFM1, and the first capacitor C1 forms resonance with the primary coil L11 to adjust impedance, thereby realizing transformation from load impedance to optimal output impedance of the first differential amplifiers PA3 and PA 4. The other path of the first differential signal RF2 is input to the second driver amplifier PA2 through the second input matching network 122, is amplified by the second driver amplifier PA2 and then is transmitted to the third transformer T3, the third transformer T3 forms a balun structure, so that the conversion from a single-ended signal to a differential signal is realized, the two paths of the converted second differential signals are respectively input to the second differential amplifiers PA5 and PA6, and are amplified by the two second differential amplifiers PA5 and PA6 and then output to the second secondary coil L22 of the auto-coupling transformer XFM 1. The seventh capacitor C7 is connected in parallel to two output terminals of the third transformer T3, and forms resonance with the secondary coil L52 of the third transformer T3 to adjust impedance, thereby realizing conversion of the input impedance of the second differential amplifiers PA5 and PA6 to the optimal output impedance of the second driver amplifier PA 2. The output ends of the second differential amplifiers PA5 and PA6 are respectively connected with the two ends of the second secondary coil L22 of the self-coupling transformer XFM1, and the second capacitor C2 forms resonance with the second secondary coil L22 to adjust load impedance, thereby realizing the transformation from the load impedance to the optimal output impedance of the second differential amplifiers PA5 and PA6.
Thus, the two first differential signals RF1 and RF2 complete in-phase power synthesis in the auto-coupling transformer based power synthesis network 13, and are finally converted into a single-ended output signal RFout. Compared with the traditional signal synthesis mode of the magnetic coupling transformer, the power synthesis network 13 based on the self-coupling transformer has the advantages of low loss and high efficiency, and is beneficial to improving the output power and efficiency of the radio frequency power amplifier.
Further, referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments of the present invention, the first driving amplifier PA1, the two first differential amplifiers PA3 and PA4, the second driving amplifier PA2, and the two second differential amplifiers PA5 and PA6 are all transistors, a base of the transistor corresponds to an input end of the amplifier, a collector of the transistor corresponds to an output end of the amplifier, and an emitter of the transistor is grounded. As shown in fig. 4, the first driver amplifier PA1 is a transistor Q1, the two first differential amplifiers PA3 and PA4 are transistors Q3 and Q4, respectively, the second driver amplifier PA2 is a transistor Q2, and the two second differential amplifiers PA5 and PA6 are transistors Q5 and Q6, respectively.
Of course, in other embodiments, the first driver amplifier PA1, the second driver amplifier PA2, the first differential amplifiers PA3 and PA4, and the second differential amplifiers PA5 and PA6 may also be implemented by field effect transistors, for example, N-type field effect transistors, where the gate of the N-type field effect transistor corresponds to the input terminal of the amplifier, the drain of the N-type field effect transistor corresponds to the output terminal, and the source of the N-type field effect transistor is grounded.
The first input matching network 121 includes a first inductor L1 and an eighth capacitor C8, and the second input matching network 122 includes a second inductor L2 and a ninth capacitor C9; one end of the first inductor L1 is connected to one end of the eighth capacitor C8 and one output end of the first transformer T1, the other end of the first inductor L1 is grounded, and the other end of the eighth capacitor C8 is connected to the base of the triode Q1; one end of the second inductor L2 is connected to one end of the ninth capacitor C9 and the other output end of the first transformer T1, the other end of the second inductor L2 is grounded, and the other end of the ninth capacitor C9 is connected to the base of the transistor Q2.
In other embodiments, the first input matching network 121 and the second input matching network 122 may be implemented by using other impedance structures, such as a pi-type matching network, a T-type matching network, or the like.
The two-way differential power amplifier 12 further includes a tenth capacitor C10 and an eleventh capacitor C11, the secondary coil L42 of the second transformer T2 and the secondary coil L52 of the third transformer T3 have a center tap, one end of the tenth capacitor C10 is connected to the center tap of the secondary coil L42 of the second transformer T2, the other end of the tenth capacitor C10 is grounded, one end of the eleventh capacitor C11 is connected to the center tap of the secondary coil L52 of the third transformer T3, and the other end of the eleventh capacitor C11 is grounded.
The radio frequency power amplifier 100 of the present invention realizes the synthesis of four-path signals by using the auto-coupling transformer, and compared with the conventional magnetic coupling transformer synthesis method, the present invention can reduce the loss, is favorable for improving the output power and efficiency, and has a smaller volume.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including the radio frequency power amplifier described in any of the above embodiments.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A radio frequency power amplifier is characterized by comprising an input balun network, a two-way differential power amplifier and a power synthesis network;
the input balun network is used for converting an input single-ended radio frequency signal into two first differential signals; the two-way differential power amplifier is used for amplifying the two first differential signals, converting the two first differential signals into four second differential signals, amplifying the four second differential signals and outputting the amplified four second differential signals to the power synthesis network;
the power synthesis network comprises an auto-coupling transformer, the auto-coupling transformer comprises a primary coil, a first secondary coil, a second secondary coil and a third secondary coil, the first secondary coil, the second secondary coil and the third secondary coil are sequentially connected in series to form a series branch, one end of the series branch is a signal output end, the other end of the series branch is a grounding end, two ends of the primary coil are respectively used for receiving two amplified second differential signals, two ends of the second secondary coil are respectively used for receiving the other two amplified second differential signals, the self-coupling transformer synthesizes the four received second differential signals into one signal, and the synthesized signal is output from the signal output end.
2. The rf power amplifier of claim 1, wherein the power combining network further comprises a first capacitor connected in parallel across the primary winding and a second capacitor connected in parallel across the second secondary winding.
3. The rf power amplifier of claim 1, wherein the power combining network further comprises a third capacitor connected in parallel across the series branch.
4. The radio frequency power amplifier of claim 1, wherein the input balun network comprises a first transformer, a fourth capacitor, and a fifth capacitor; one input end of the first transformer is used for inputting a single-ended radio frequency signal, the other input end of the first transformer is grounded, two output ends of the first transformer are respectively used for outputting two paths of first differential signals, the fourth capacitor is connected in parallel with the two input ends of the first transformer, and the fifth capacitor is connected in parallel with the two output ends of the first transformer.
5. The radio frequency power amplifier of claim 4, wherein the two-way differential power amplifier comprises a first amplification branch and a second amplification branch; the first amplification branch comprises a first input matching network, a first drive amplifier, a second transformer and two first differential amplifiers, and the second amplification branch comprises a second input matching network, a second drive amplifier, a third transformer and two second differential amplifiers;
the input end of the first input matching network and the input end of the second input matching network are respectively connected with two output ends of the first transformer, the output end of the first input matching network is connected with the input end of the first drive amplifier, the output end of the first drive amplifier is connected with one input end of the second transformer, the other input end of the second transformer is grounded, two output ends of the second transformer are respectively connected with the input ends of the two first differential amplifiers, and the output ends of the two first differential amplifiers are respectively connected with two ends of the primary coil;
the output end of the second input matching network is connected with the input end of the second driving amplifier, the output end of the second driving amplifier is connected with one input end of the third transformer, the other input end of the third transformer is grounded, the two output ends of the third transformer are respectively connected with the input ends of the two second differential amplifiers, and the output ends of the two second differential amplifiers are respectively connected with the two ends of the second secondary coil.
6. The RF power amplifier of claim 5, wherein the first amplifying branch further comprises a sixth capacitor, the second amplifying branch further comprises a seventh capacitor, the sixth capacitor is connected in parallel with two output terminals of the second transformer, and the seventh capacitor is connected in parallel with two output terminals of the third transformer.
7. The RF power amplifier of claim 5, wherein the first driver amplifier, the first differential amplifier, the second driver amplifier and the second differential amplifier are transistors, a base of the transistor is an input terminal, a collector of the transistor is an output terminal, and an emitter of the transistor is grounded;
the first input matching network comprises a first inductor and an eighth capacitor, and the second input matching network comprises a second inductor and a ninth capacitor; one end of the first inductor is connected with one end of the eighth capacitor and one output end of the first transformer, the other end of the first inductor is grounded, and the other end of the eighth capacitor is connected with the input end of the first driving amplifier; one end of the second inductor is connected with one end of the ninth capacitor and the other output end of the first transformer, the other end of the second inductor is grounded, and the other end of the ninth capacitor is connected with the input end of the second driving amplifier.
8. The RF power amplifier of claim 5, wherein the dual-path differential power amplifier further comprises a tenth capacitor and an eleventh capacitor, the secondary windings of the second and third transformers have center taps, one end of the tenth capacitor is connected to the center tap of the secondary winding of the second transformer, the other end of the tenth capacitor is grounded, one end of the eleventh capacitor is connected to the center tap of the secondary winding of the third transformer, and the other end of the eleventh capacitor is grounded.
9. An electronic device comprising a radio frequency power amplifier according to any one of claims 1-8.
CN202211478278.0A 2022-11-23 2022-11-23 Radio frequency power amplifier and electronic equipment Pending CN115714582A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115932748A (en) * 2023-03-02 2023-04-07 北京大有半导体有限责任公司 On-chip radio frequency radar transmitting system and on-chip radio frequency radar

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115932748A (en) * 2023-03-02 2023-04-07 北京大有半导体有限责任公司 On-chip radio frequency radar transmitting system and on-chip radio frequency radar
CN115932748B (en) * 2023-03-02 2023-10-24 北京大有半导体有限责任公司 On-chip radio frequency radar transmitting system and on-chip radio frequency radar

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