CN115672780B - Ore grade pre-enrichment method and pre-enrichment system before grinding - Google Patents
Ore grade pre-enrichment method and pre-enrichment system before grinding Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 205
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 100
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 100
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pre-enrichment method and a pre-enrichment system for ore grade before grinding, wherein a conveying belt for conveying ore particles to be sorted passes through a ray source box body, and a blanking end is connected with an A sorting box body; the lower end of the separation box body A is provided with a concentrate tank A, a tailing tank A and a middling tank A respectively; wherein the lower port of the middling tank is sequentially connected with a crusher and a double-layer mesh screen. A belt conveyor with a feeding end arranged below a material outlet on a lower layer screen of the double-layer screen passes through the microwave heating device and then enters the B sorting box body; the lower end of the B separation box body is respectively provided with a B concentrate groove and a B tailing groove. The invention can further reduce the waste throwing grade of the ore, improve the waste throwing rate of the ore and improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of resources. The invention also solves the problem of low waste disposal rate of conventional microwave heating ore sorting, and can improve the waste disposal rate by more than 15% under the condition of certain grade of waste disposal products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ore pre-enrichment and separation method and system in mineral processing.
Background
In the field of mineral processing, mined ores have relatively low content of valuable metals. Through the mode of throwing early throwing, the ore selecting grade is improved, the energy consumption of a concentrating mill can be reduced, and the concentrating production cost is reduced. At present, the waste throwing process in the mineral separation field mainly comprises an XRT sorting process, a heavy medium tail throwing process, a flotation tail throwing process, a magnetic separation tail throwing process, a microwave heating sorting process and the like.
As an XRT sorting process in the prior art, the working principle is that after X-ray irradiation is performed on mineral particles, the mineral particles are sorted by using an image, and the sorting granularity is relatively coarse although the process has the advantage of large throughput. As the microwave heating sorting process in the prior art, the method has the characteristic of high sorting precision, but the treatment capacity is relatively small.
In the microwave heating and sorting process, mainly through screening ores, selecting a particle grade suitable for throwing waste for microwave heating, sorting the heated ores according to the temperature, enabling high-temperature minerals to enter concentrate products, and enabling low-temperature products to be waste rocks. In the microwave heating sorting process in the prior art, after mineral particles meeting sorting conditions are heated, sorting is carried out only according to the heated temperature, and grading and temperature fixing are not carried out on the mineral particles with different particle sizes, so that the waste disposal yield is lower. For example, U.S. patent publication No. US8,820,533B 2 discloses a mineral separation method that physically separates mineral particles based on thermal imaging, low temperature particles as tailings and high temperature particles as concentrate. Experiments show that when the grade of the waste throwing product is unchanged, the separation temperature difference of the minerals with small particle size is low, and the separation temperature difference of the minerals with large particle size is high. When sorting is performed according to the method, in order to ensure the grade of tailings, part of coarse-particle tailings enter concentrate products, so that the sorting waste rejection rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of providing a pre-enrichment method and a pre-enrichment system for ore grade before grinding, wherein the first and the second processes adopt XRT sorting and microwave heating sorting processes in a combined way, complementary advantages of the two processes are realized, and the purposes of greatly reducing the grade of waste disposal products and improving the waste disposal rate are achieved on the premise of realizing mass treatment; secondly, the purpose of further improving the tailing waste throwing rate under the condition of unchanged tailing grade is realized by determining the separation temperature difference of different particle grades
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The pre-enrichment method for the ore grade before grinding is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
The first step: the single-layer ore particles to be sorted pass through a ray source box body under the transportation of a belt conveyor, an X-ray generator in the ray source box body penetrates and irradiates the ore particles on the surface of the belt, an X-ray receiver positioned below the belt receives X-ray signals, and a computer analyzes the signals; after photographing ore particles on the surface of the belt by an industrial camera, carrying out particle identification on the ores, determining the position of each ore, calculating the time of moving to the spraying areas of the spraying units A and B, and providing data for spraying and sorting; when mineral particles enter a separation box body from a tail wheel of a belt conveyor, the A jet unit and the B jet unit carry out high-pressure jet on the mineral particles, wherein the jet direction of the A jet unit is obliquely downward and is used for blowing the mineral concentrate particles to the side close to the belt conveyor, the mineral concentrate particles fall into a mineral concentrate groove, the jet direction of the B jet unit is obliquely upward and is used for blowing the tailing particles to the side far away from the belt conveyor, the tailing particles fall into a tailing groove, and the non-jetted material particles freely fall into a middling groove, so that separation among the mineral concentrate, middling and tailing is realized; the middlings automatically flow into a crusher positioned right below the middling tank through the middling tank to be crushed;
and a second step of: and carrying out microwave heating separation on the crushed middlings.
The method for carrying out microwave heating sorting on the crushed middlings comprises the following steps:
(1) Screening mineral particles with the particle size of 5-50mm, wherein each 1-3mm is a particle size range, and classifying the mineral into different particle size groups;
(2) Respectively carrying out microwave heating on each grade group ore;
(3) Respectively reading the highest temperatures of the surfaces of mineral particles of different size fractions after microwave heating by using an infrared thermometer, and analyzing the lowest temperature of the mineral particles in each size fraction; in each particle size group, the difference value between the highest surface temperature of the non-lowest temperature particles and the highest surface temperature of the lowest temperature particles is a temperature difference; selecting a temperature difference corresponding to the cumulative yield of 75% (+/-2%), equally dividing mineral particles in the temperature difference range into N (N is more than or equal to 5) parts of products according to the isothermal difference, respectively marking the products as a sample 1 to a sample N, and marking the rest products as (N+1) parts of products and as a sample (N+1); counting the cumulative curves of different temperature difference mineral yields in each size fraction;
(4) Determining the sorting temperature difference of different particle fractions: respectively counting samples 1 to (N+1) in different size fraction groups
Assaying gold grade of different samples; drawing a coordinate graph by taking the temperature difference as an abscissa and the accumulated gold grade of the waste product as an ordinate; determining a sorting temperature difference by adopting an interpolation method according to the coordinate graph;
(5) Identifying the particle size of the mineral particles by using computer software: mixing ores of different size fractions
After heating, sorting is carried out according to sorting temperature differences of components with different particle sizes: the mineral particles with the temperature difference higher than the separation temperature difference are concentrates, and the mineral particles with the temperature difference not higher than the separation temperature difference are tailings.
Another method for carrying out microwave heating sorting on the crushed middlings is as follows:
The crushed middlings fall into a double-layer mesh screen to be screened, and crushed products are screened into upper-layer screen material, lower-layer screen material and lower-layer screen material; the upper-layer screen material returns to the crusher for re-crushing, the lower-layer screen material is transported to a concentrate storage place, and the lower-layer screen material enters the microwave heating separation subsystem; in the microwave heating and sorting subsystem, mineral particles are conveyed by a belt conveyor and enter a microwave heating device with a microwave generator to be heated, the heated mineral particles enter a sorting box body in which an infrared camera and a C injection unit are respectively arranged, and a computer processes images shot by an industrial infrared camera; the C jet unit changes a mineral movement track mode by jetting high-pressure gas, divides ore particles into concentrate particles and tailing particles, blows one of the concentrate particles and the tailing particles into one groove body, and the other freely falls into the other groove body; the concentrate particles are transported to a concentrate storage and the tailings particles are transported to a tailings storage.
The utility model provides an advance enrichment system of ore grade before entering mill, it includes internally mounted has the X-ray generator that is located the material conveyer belt top of A band conveyer, the X-ray receiver that is located the material conveyer belt below of A band conveyer and is used for the radial source box of the industry camera of shooing the granule material on the material conveyer belt, still include the breaker, still include internally mounted have microwave heating device and the inside B separation box that installs infrared camera and C jet unit respectively of microwave generator, still include the double-deck mesh screen that has upper screen upper material export, lower screen upper material export and lower screen lower material blanking mouth, its characterized in that: the system also comprises an A separation box body provided with an A injection unit used for injecting high-pressure gas to the ore particles and a B injection unit used for injecting high-pressure gas to the ore particles; the blanking end of the belt conveyor A is connected with the sorting box A; the lower end of the separation box body A is provided with a concentrate tank A, a tailing tank A and a middling tank A respectively; the upper port of the middling tank is positioned right below the free blanking of the blanking end of the belt conveyor A, and the lower port of the middling tank is connected with the crusher; the spraying direction of the spraying unit A is obliquely below and used for blowing the concentrate particles into the concentrate tank A, and the spraying direction of the spraying unit B is obliquely above and used for blowing the tailing particles into the tailing tank A; a conveying belt of an A belt conveyor for conveying ore particles to be sorted passes through the ray source box body; a conveying belt of a belt conveyor B, the feeding end of which is arranged below a material outlet on the lower screen, passes through the microwave heating device and then enters a separation box B; and the lower end of the B separation box body is respectively provided with a B concentrate groove and a B tailing groove.
Preferably, a C belt conveyor is arranged below the lower port of the A concentrate tank and used for conveying concentrate to a concentrate storage place.
Preferably, a D belt conveyor is arranged below the lower port of the tailing tank A and used for conveying tailings to a tailing storage place.
Preferably, an E belt conveyor is arranged below the blanking port of the undersize material of the lower layer sieve and used for conveying the undersize material of the lower layer sieve to a concentrate storage place.
Preferably, the upper layer of the screen upper material is connected with a feeding port of the crusher through a conveying belt.
Preferably, an F belt conveyor is arranged below the B concentrate tank and is used for conveying concentrate particles to a concentrate storage place.
Preferably, a G belt conveyor is arranged below the B tailing tank and used for conveying tailing particles to a tailing storage place.
The invention has the positive effects that:
The system firstly adopts an XRT separation process to separate ore particles, and the obtained middlings are further crushed and then separated by microwave heating. The system plays the advantages of high treatment capacity of the XRT separation process and high separation precision of the microwave heating separation process. The waste throwing grade of the ore can be further reduced, the waste throwing rate of the ore is improved, and the comprehensive utilization efficiency of resources is improved.
According to the method, on the basis of identifying the particle size of the ore subjected to microwave heating, the minerals with different particle sizes are graded and subjected to constant temperature, so that the waste disposal rate of microwave heating separation is further improved, and the purposes of reducing the treatment capacity of the ball mill of the concentrating mill and reducing the concentrating energy consumption are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plot showing cumulative yield change for mineral particles of different 5-7mm size fractions according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the cumulative grade change of gold for a waste product with a size fraction of 5-7mm in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a plot showing cumulative yield change for mineral particles of different 5-7mm size fractions according to example two of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the cumulative grade change of gold for a waste product with a size fraction of 5-7mm in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure and operation principle of a third pre-enrichment system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The arrows in the figure represent the material run.
In fig. 5, 1, a belt conveyor, 2, an X-ray generator, 3, a radiation source box, 4, an industrial camera, 5, an X-ray receiver, 6, an a jet unit, 7, an a sorting box, 8, a B jet unit, 9, an a concentrate tank, 10, a middling tank, 11, an a tailings tank, 12, a C belt conveyor, 13, an E belt conveyor, 14, an F belt conveyor, 15, a C jet unit, 16, a B concentrate tank, 17, a B tailings tank, 18, a B sorting box, 19, an infrared camera, 20, a B belt conveyor, 21, a G belt conveyor, 22, a microwave heating device, 22-1, a microwave generator, 23, a D belt conveyor, 24, a double layer mesh screen, 25, a crusher.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples and figures.
Example 1
The first step: gold ore particles to be sorted pass through a ray source box body under the transportation of a belt conveyor, an X-ray generator in the ray source box body penetrates and irradiates the ore particles on the surface of the belt, an X-ray receiver positioned below the belt receives X-ray signals, and a computer analyzes the signals. After the industrial camera photographs ore particles (single-layer particles) on the surface of the belt, the particles are identified, the position of each ore is determined, and the time for moving to the spraying areas of the spraying unit A and the spraying unit B is calculated, so that data is provided for spraying and sorting. When mineral particles enter the sorting box body from the tail wheel of the belt conveyor, the A jet unit and the B jet unit carry out high-pressure jet on the mineral particles, wherein the jet direction of the A jet unit is obliquely downward and is used for blowing the concentrate particles to the side close to the belt conveyor, the concentrate particles fall into a concentrate tank, the jet direction of the B jet unit is obliquely upward and is used for blowing the tailing particles to the side far away from the belt conveyor, the tailing particles fall into a tailing tank, and the non-jetted middling particles freely fall into a middling tank.
The mineral motion trail is changed through high-pressure air injection, so that concentrate particles, middling particles and tailing particles respectively enter corresponding grooves, and separation among concentrate, middling and tailing is realized. The middlings automatically flow to a crusher right below the middling tank to be crushed through the middling tank.
And a second step of: screening the crushed gold ore (middling) in the first step, taking mineral particles with the particle size of 5-15mm for microwave heating and sorting, feeding the mineral particles with the particle size of less than 5mm into an ore grinding operation, and returning the mineral particles with the particle size of more than 15mm to a crushing system to form closed circuit crushing.
And a third step of: the mineral sample with the grain size of 5-15mm is selected and screened, and is divided into five grain size groups with the grain size of 5mm less than or equal to 7mm, the grain size of 7mm less than or equal to 9mm, the grain size of 9mm less than or equal to 11mm, the grain size of 11mm less than or equal to 13mm, the grain size of 13mm less than or equal to 15mm, 2000 mineral grains of each grain size group are used for determining the separation temperature difference, 2000 grains are used for the fourth step to the sixth step, and all grains meeting the condition of 5-15mm are used for separation in the seventh step.
Fourth step: the ores of five different size fractions are heated by microwaves, the microwave frequency is 2450MHz, the microwave heating power is 30kW, and the heating time is 30 seconds. The five size fraction groups employed the same microwave frequency, heating power and heating time.
Fifth step: and respectively reading the highest temperatures of the surfaces of the mineral particles of the five different size groups after microwave heating by using an infrared thermometer, and analyzing the lowest temperature of the mineral particles in each size group. The difference between the highest surface temperature of the non-lowest temperature particles and the highest surface temperature of the lowest temperature particles in each size fraction group is the temperature difference. Selecting a temperature difference corresponding to the cumulative yield of 75% (+/-2), equally dividing mineral particles in the temperature difference range into 5 parts of products according to isothermal difference, and taking the 6 th part of the rest products as the 6 th part of products. And counting the cumulative curves of different temperature difference mineral yields in each grade group.
For example, the maximum temperature difference in the 5-7mm fraction is 9.8deg.C and the cumulative yield versus temperature difference is shown in Table 1. The cumulative yield change for different temperature differential mineral particles is shown in figure 1.
Table 1: different temperature difference cumulative yield table for 5-7mm mineral particles
| Temperature difference/°c | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 9.8 |
| Cumulative yield/% | 13.57 | 34.43 | 53.68 | 65.32 | 75.06 | 100.00 |
As can be seen from Table 1 and FIG. 1, the cumulative yield of discard reached 75.06% (obviously, it is not possible to discard as much) when the temperature difference was 2.5 ℃. In order to ensure that the gold grade in the waste product meets the requirement, mineral particles with the temperature difference not higher than 2.5 ℃ are divided into 5 products according to isothermal temperature. The temperature difference is not higher than 0.5 ℃ and is 1,0.5 ℃ is less than or equal to 1.0 ℃ and less than 1.0 ℃,2,1.0 ℃ is less than or equal to 1.5 ℃ and less than or equal to 3,1.5 ℃ and less than 2.0 ℃ and is 4,2.0 ℃ and less than or equal to 2.5 ℃ and 5,2.5 ℃ and less than or equal to 9.8 ℃ and is 6.
Sixth step: and determining the sorting temperature difference of different particle fractions. (in the microwave heating separation, under the condition of a certain grade of waste disposal products, the temperature difference between the mineral distinguishing concentrate with small particle size and the tailings is low, and the temperature difference between the mineral distinguishing concentrate with large particle size and the tailings is high. And respectively counting the yields of the samples 1 to 6 in different grades and assaying the gold grades of different samples. For example, the yields and grades of samples of different temperature differentials in a 5-7mm size fraction set are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: analysis results of samples with different temperature differences of 5-7mm
| Sample name | Yield/% | Gold grade/(g. T -1) | Cumulative gold grade/(g. T -1) |
| Sample 1 | 13.57 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
| Sample 2 | 20.86 | 0.15 | 0.14 |
| Sample 3 | 19.25 | 0.26 | 0.18 |
| Sample 4 | 11.64 | 0.54 | 0.25 |
| Sample 5 | 9.74 | 1.98 | 0.47 |
| Sample 6 | 24.94 | 2.77 | 1.05 |
| Totalizing | 100.00 | 1.05 |
Description 1: in table 2, the relationship between the gold grade and the cumulative gold grade: 0.13g/t is the grade of sample 1, 0.15g/t is the grade of sample 2, 0.14g/t is the accumulated grade of sample 1 and sample 2, and the other is the same as the above
Description 2: in table 2, yield x gold grade = metal amount, one metal amount per sample, the sum of metal amounts 1 to 6 being the total metal amount, divided by the total metal amount by the total yield (100) to give the total grade of the sample.
And drawing a graph with the temperature difference as an abscissa and the accumulated gold grade of the waste product as an ordinate as shown in fig. 2.
The accumulated gold grade of the waste disposal product is determined to be 0.15g/t according to the gold grade of tailings in production. When the accumulated gold grade of the waste throwing product is 0.15g/t, the sorting temperature difference is determined to be 1.1 ℃ by adopting an interpolation method according to FIG. 2.
The separation temperature differences of all the fractions obtained in the same manner are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: sorting temperature difference of ores with different grain grades when waste gold throwing grade is 0.15g/t
| Size fraction/mm | Particle size of 5-7 | Particle size of 7 is less than or equal to 9 | Particle size of 9 < 11 | Particle size of 11 is less than or equal to 13 | Particle size of 13 to 15 |
| Sorting temperature difference/°c | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 3.0 |
Seventh step: identifying the particle size of the mineral particles by using computer software: mixing ores with different particle sizes
And after the combination heating, sorting is carried out according to sorting temperature differences of different particle fractions. Such as: mineral particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 5mm and less than or equal to 7mm are sorted according to a sorting temperature difference of 1.1 ℃, mineral particles with the temperature difference of more than 1.1 ℃ are concentrates, and mineral particles with the temperature difference of not more than 1.1 ℃ are tailings. The other size fraction sorting method is the same as that of the size fraction.
When the gold ore is thrown to waste according to the sorting method of the embodiment, the operation waste throwing rate is 63.22% when the grade of the tailings gold is 0.15 g/t.
Comparative example one
This comparative example is a comparative test of example one, and differs from example one in that the difference in the separation temperature of the different fractions of the sixth step was not determined, and the identification of the mineral particle size of the seventh step was not performed. When the grade of the tailing gold is 0.15g/t, the operation waste disposal rate is 42.15%, and the waste disposal rate is 21.07% lower than that of the first embodiment.
Example two
The first step: the ore to be separated is lead zinc, and the first step is the same as the first embodiment.
And a second step of: screening the lead-zinc ore (middling) after the crushing in the first step, taking 5-15mm mineral particles for microwave heating, enabling the mineral particles with the particle size smaller than 5mm to enter the ore grinding operation, and returning the mineral particles with the particle size larger than 15mm to the crushing system to form closed-circuit crushing.
And a third step of: the mineral sample with the grain size of 5-15mm is taken for screening and is divided into five grain size groups with the grain size of 5mm less than or equal to 7mm, the grain size of 7mm less than or equal to 9mm, the grain size of 9mm less than or equal to 11mm, the grain size of 11mm less than or equal to 13mm, the grain size of 13mm less than or equal to 15mm, and each grain size mineral particle is 2000.
Fourth step: the ores of five different size fractions are heated by microwaves, the microwave frequency is 2450MHz, the microwave heating power is 30kW, and the heating time is 40 seconds. The five fractions used the same microwave frequency, heating power and heating time.
Fifth step: and respectively reading the highest temperatures of the surfaces of the mineral particles of the five different size groups after microwave heating by using an infrared thermometer, and analyzing the lowest temperature of the mineral particles in each size group. The difference between the highest surface temperature of the non-lowest temperature particles and the highest surface temperature of the lowest temperature particles in each size fraction group is the temperature difference. Selecting a temperature difference corresponding to the cumulative yield of 75% (+/-2), equally dividing mineral particles in the temperature difference range into 5 parts of products according to isothermal difference, and taking the 6 th part of the rest products as the 6 th part of products. And counting the cumulative curves of different temperature difference mineral yields in each size fraction.
For example, the maximum temperature difference after heating in a 5-7mm size fraction set is 75.8 ℃, and the cumulative yield versus temperature difference is shown in Table 4. The cumulative yield change for different temperature differential mineral particles is shown in figure 3.
Table 4: different temperature difference cumulative yield table for 5-7mm mineral particles
| Temperature difference/°c | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 75.8 |
| Cumulative yield/% | 10.69 | 31.55 | 49.88 | 63.52 | 73.66 | 100.00 |
As can be seen from Table 4 and FIG. 3, the cumulative yield of discard reached 73.66% (obviously, it is not possible to discard as much) when the temperature difference was 5.0 ℃. In order to ensure that the gold grade in the waste product meets the requirement, mineral particles with the temperature difference not higher than 5.0 ℃ are divided into 5 products according to isothermal temperature. The temperature difference is no higher than 1.0 ℃ and the temperature difference is not higher than 1,1.0 ℃ and not higher than 2.0 ℃ and the temperature difference is not higher than 2,2.0 ℃ and not higher than 3.0 ℃ and the temperature difference is not higher than 3,3.0 ℃ and not higher than 4.0 ℃ and the temperature difference is not higher than 4,4.0 ℃ and not higher than 5.0 ℃ and the temperature difference is not higher than 5,5.0 ℃ and not higher than 75.8 ℃ and the temperature difference is not higher than 3,3.0 ℃.
Sixth step: and determining the sorting temperature difference of different particle fractions. And respectively counting the yields of the samples 1 to 6 in different size fractions and assaying the gold grades of different samples. For example, the yields and grades of samples with different temperature differences in 5-7mm fractions are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 analysis results of different sorting temperature difference samples
| Sample name | Yield/% | Grade of lead+zinc/% | Cumulative grade/% |
| Sample 1 | 10.69 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
| Sample 2 | 20.86 | 0.15 | 0.14 |
| Sample 3 | 18.33 | 0.24 | 0.18 |
| Sample 4 | 13.64 | 0.89 | 0.33 |
| Sample 5 | 10.14 | 3.35 | 0.75 |
| Sample 6 | 26.34 | 5.77 | 2.07 |
| Totalizing | 100.00 | 2.07 |
When the grade (lead+zinc) of the waste product is 0.20%, the sorting temperature difference is determined to be 3.1 ℃ by adopting an interpolation method according to fig. 4. Similarly, the sorting temperature differences for the other different fractions are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 sorting temperature difference of different size fraction ores at 0.20% waste disposal grade
| Size fraction/mm | Particle size of 5-7 | Particle size of 7 is less than or equal to 9 | Particle size of 9 < 11 | Particle size of 11 is less than or equal to 13 | Particle size of 13 to 15 |
| Sorting temperature difference/°c | 3.1 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 6.0 |
Seventh step: the mineral particles in production are identified by computer software and then sorted. Mineral particles with the particle size of 5-7mm are sorted according to a sorting temperature difference of 3.1 ℃, mineral particles with the temperature difference of higher than 3.1 ℃ are concentrate, mineral particles with the temperature difference of not higher than 3.1 ℃ are tailings, and other particle size sorting methods are the same as the particle size. When a certain lead-zinc ore is thrown waste according to the sorting method of the embodiment, when the tailing grade (lead and zinc) is 0.20%, the operation waste throwing rate is 33.56%.
Comparative example two
This comparative example is a comparative test of example two, and differs from example two in that the difference in the separation temperature of the different fractions of the sixth step was not determined, and the identification of the mineral particle size of the seventh step was not performed. When the tailing grade (lead and zinc) is 0.20%, the operation waste rejection rate is 33.56%, and the waste rejection rate is 16.73% lower than that of the second embodiment.
Example III, pre-enrichment System example
As shown in fig. 5, the pre-grinding ore grade pre-enrichment system of the embodiment comprises an XRT sorting subsystem consisting of an a belt conveyor 1, a radiation source box 3 and an a sorting box 7. Wherein the X-ray generator 2 positioned above the material conveyer belt of the belt conveyor A1, the X-ray receiver 5 positioned below the material conveyer belt of the belt conveyor A1 (namely between the upper conveyer belt and the lower conveyer belt) and the industrial camera 4 used for photographing the granular materials on the material conveyer belt are respectively arranged in the X-ray source box 3. Wherein an A injection unit 6 for injecting high-pressure gas to ore particles and a B injection unit 8 for injecting high-pressure gas to the ore particles are respectively arranged in the A sorting box 7, wherein the inclined lower part of the injection direction of the A injection unit 6 is used for blowing the material particles to the side close to the A belt conveyor 1, and the inclined upper part of the injection direction of the B injection unit 8 is used for blowing the material particles to the side far away from the A belt conveyor 1. The inner side of the lower end of the A sorting box body 7 (the side close to the tail wheel of the A belt conveyor 1) is provided with an A concentrate groove 9, the outer side of the lower end is provided with an A tailing groove 11, and the middle part of the lower end is provided with a middling groove 10. The sorting box 7 also has a feed inlet. The blanking end of the belt conveyor 1 is connected with the feed inlet of the sorting box 7 through a guide chute (the guide chute is omitted in fig. 1).
The present embodiment further includes a B belt conveyor 20, a C belt conveyor 12, a D belt conveyor 23, an E belt conveyor 13, an F belt conveyor 14, a G belt conveyor 21, and a crusher 25.
The lower port of the concentrate A tank 9 is positioned above the feeding end of the belt conveyor C12, the lower port of the middling tank 10 is connected with the feeding port of the crusher 25, and the lower port of the tailing A tank 11 is positioned above the feeding end of the belt conveyor D23.
The pre-enrichment system of ore grade before entering mill of the embodiment further comprises a crushing sieve molecular system consisting of the crusher 25 and the double-layer mesh screen 24, and a microwave heating and sorting subsystem consisting of the B belt conveyor 20, the microwave heating device 22 and the B sorting box 18.
The double layer mesh screen 24 has an upper layer screen upper material outlet, a lower layer screen upper material outlet and a lower layer screen lower material blanking port. Wherein the lower layer screen undersize material blanking port is positioned above the feeding end of the E belt conveyor 13. The upper screen oversize material outlet is connected to the inlet of the crusher 25 by means of belt (which belt is omitted from fig. 5) conveyance.
The embodiment also comprises a microwave heating device 22 internally provided with a microwave generator 22-1, and a B sorting box 18 internally provided with an infrared camera 19 for photographing the granular materials on the material conveying belt and a C spraying unit 15 for spraying high-pressure gas on the ore particles. The infrared camera 19 is located in front of the C-jet unit 15 according to the running direction of the material, which is first photographed and then jetted. The conveying belt of the B belt conveyor 20 with the feeding end below the material outlet on the lower layer screen passes through the microwave heating device 22 and then enters the B sorting box 18. And one side of the lower end of the B sorting box 18 is provided with a B concentrate groove 16 positioned above the feeding end of the F belt conveyor 14, and the other side of the lower end is provided with a B tailing groove 17 positioned above the feeding end of the G belt conveyor 21.
The following is an example of the workflow of the pre-enrichment system of ore grade before entering mill.
Ore particles to be sorted pass through the ray source box 3 under the transportation of the belt conveyor A1, the X-ray generator 2 is used for penetrating and irradiating the ore particles on the surface of the belt, the X-ray receiver 5 positioned below the belt is used for receiving X-ray signals, and a computer is used for analyzing the signals. After photographing ore particles (single-layer particles) on the surface of the belt, the industrial camera 4 performs particle identification on the ores, determines the position of each ore, calculates the time for moving to the spraying areas of the A spraying unit 6 and the B spraying unit 8, and provides data for spraying sorting. When mineral particles enter the A sorting box body 7 from the tail wheel of the A belt conveyor 1, the A jet unit 6 and the B jet unit 8 apply high-pressure jet to the mineral particles, and the mineral motion trail is changed through the high-pressure jet, so that the concentrate particles, the middling particles and the tailing particles respectively enter the corresponding grooves, and separation among the concentrate, the middling and the tailing is realized. The concentrate flows from the concentrate a tank 9 to the C belt conveyor 12 and is transported by the C belt conveyor 12 to the concentrate storage. The tailings flow from the a tailings trough 11 to the D belt conveyor 23 and are transported by the D belt conveyor 23 to the tailings storage. The middlings flow from the middling tank 10 to the crusher 25 located right below the middling tank 10 for crushing.
Crushed product produced by the crusher 25 falls to the double screen 24 for screening, and the crushed product is screened as upper screen oversize material, lower screen oversize material and lower screen undersize material. The materials on the upper layer of the sieve are returned to the crusher 25 for re-crushing in a belt conveying mode, the materials under the lower layer of the sieve are conveyed to a concentrate storage place through the E belt conveyor 13, and the materials on the lower layer of the sieve enter the microwave heating sorting subsystem.
In the microwave heating and sorting subsystem, mineral particles are conveyed by a B belt conveyor 20 and enter a microwave heating device 22 with a microwave generator 22-1 to be heated, the heated mineral particles enter a B sorting box 18, in which an infrared camera 19 and a C injection unit 15 are respectively installed, and a computer processes images shot by the industrial infrared camera. The C-jet unit 15 changes the mineral movement trace mode by jetting high-pressure gas, separates ore particles into concentrate particles and tailing particles, and blows the tailing particles into the B-tailing tank 17, and the concentrate particles freely fall to the concentrate tank 16. Concentrate particles flow from the B concentrate tank 16 to the F belt conveyor 14 and are transported by the F belt conveyor 14 to the concentrate storage, and tailings particles flow from the B tailings tank 17 to the G belt conveyor 21 and are transported by the G belt conveyor 21 to the tailings storage.
The invention relates to a jet unit, belonging to a high-pressure gas jet device. The working principle of the high-pressure gas injection device is as follows:
Principle of X-ray sorting: the ore and the gangue contain different mineral compositions, the X-ray is attenuated to different degrees after being irradiated by the X-ray, and the X-ray receiver is used for separating different ore particles into concentrate, middling and tailing after receiving signals through computer analysis.
Microwave heating and sorting principle: the ore and the gangue contain different mineral compositions, the dielectric constant of the main target mineral is higher than that of the gangue, the temperature of the ore is higher than that of the gangue under the action of microwave heating, and in the sorting process, the infrared camera is used for shooting the thermal imaging pictures of heated mineral particles, so that the high-temperature particles are separated into concentrates and the low-temperature particles are separated into tailings.
Claims (7)
1. The pre-enrichment method for the ore grade before grinding is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
The first step: the single-layer ore particles to be sorted pass through a ray source box body under the transportation of a belt conveyor, an X-ray generator in the ray source box body penetrates and irradiates the ore particles on the surface of the belt, an X-ray receiver positioned below the belt receives X-ray signals, and a computer analyzes the signals; after photographing ore particles on the surface of the belt by an industrial camera, carrying out particle identification on the ores, determining the position of each ore, calculating the time of moving to the spraying areas of the spraying units A and B, and providing data for spraying and sorting; when mineral particles enter a separation box body from a tail wheel of a belt conveyor, the A jet unit and the B jet unit carry out high-pressure jet on the mineral particles, wherein the jet direction of the A jet unit is obliquely downward and is used for blowing the mineral concentrate particles to the side close to the belt conveyor, the mineral concentrate particles fall into a mineral concentrate groove, the jet direction of the B jet unit is obliquely upward and is used for blowing the tailing particles to the side far away from the belt conveyor, the tailing particles fall into a tailing groove, and the non-jetted material particles freely fall into a middling groove, so that separation among the mineral concentrate, middling and tailing is realized; the middlings automatically flow into a crusher positioned right below the middling tank through the middling tank to be crushed;
and a second step of: carrying out microwave heating separation on the crushed middlings;
The method for carrying out microwave heating sorting on the crushed middlings comprises the following steps:
(1) Screening mineral particles with the particle size of 5-50mm, wherein each 1-3mm is a particle size range, and classifying the mineral into different particle size groups;
(2) Respectively carrying out microwave heating on each grade group ore;
(3) Respectively reading the highest temperatures of the surfaces of mineral particles of different size fractions after microwave heating by using an infrared thermometer, and analyzing the lowest temperature of the mineral particles in each size fraction; in each particle size group, the difference value between the highest surface temperature of the non-lowest temperature particles and the highest surface temperature of the lowest temperature particles is a temperature difference; selecting a temperature difference corresponding to the cumulative yield of 75% +/-2%, equally dividing mineral particles in the temperature difference range into N parts of products according to the isothermal difference, marking the N as a sample 1 to a sample N respectively, marking the rest products as the (N+1) th part of products and marking the rest products as a sample N+1; counting the cumulative curves of different temperature difference mineral yields in each size fraction;
(4) Determining the sorting temperature difference of different particle fractions: respectively counting the yields of samples 1 to N+1 in different size fraction groups, and assaying the gold grades of different samples; drawing a coordinate graph by taking the temperature difference as an abscissa and the accumulated gold grade of the waste product as an ordinate; determining a sorting temperature difference by adopting an interpolation method according to the coordinate graph;
(5) Identifying the particle size of the mineral particles by using computer software: after mixing and heating ores of different grain groups, sorting according to sorting temperature differences of the different grain groups: the mineral particles with the temperature difference higher than the separation temperature difference are concentrates, and the mineral particles with the temperature difference not higher than the separation temperature difference are tailings.
2. The pre-grinding ore grade pre-enrichment method according to claim 1, wherein the method for carrying out microwave heating separation on the crushed middlings is characterized in that:
The crushed middlings fall into a double-layer mesh screen to be screened, and crushed products are screened into upper-layer screen material, lower-layer screen material and lower-layer screen material; the upper-layer screen material returns to the crusher for re-crushing, the lower-layer screen material is transported to a concentrate storage place, and the lower-layer screen material enters the microwave heating separation subsystem; in the microwave heating and sorting subsystem, mineral particles are conveyed by a belt conveyor and enter a microwave heating device with a microwave generator to be heated, the heated mineral particles enter a sorting box body in which an infrared camera and a C injection unit are respectively arranged, and a computer processes images shot by an industrial infrared camera; the C jet unit changes a mineral movement track mode by jetting high-pressure gas, divides ore particles into concentrate particles and tailing particles, blows one of the concentrate particles and the tailing particles into one groove body, and the other freely falls into the other groove body; the concentrate particles are transported to a concentrate storage and the tailings particles are transported to a tailings storage.
3. A pre-mill ore grade pre-enrichment system of a pre-mill ore grade pre-enrichment method as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2, comprising an X-ray generator (2) internally mounted above a material conveyor belt of an a-belt conveyor (1), an X-ray receiver (5) below the material conveyor belt of the a-belt conveyor (1), and a radiation source box (3) of an industrial camera (4) for photographing particulate material on the material conveyor belt, further comprising a crusher (25), further comprising a microwave heating device (22) internally mounted with a microwave generator (22-1) and a B-sorting box (18) internally mounted with an infrared camera (19) and a C-jet unit (15), respectively, further comprising a double screen (24) with an upper screen upper material outlet, a lower screen upper material outlet and a lower screen lower material blanking outlet, characterized in that: the system further comprises an A sorting box (7) provided with an A injection unit (6) for injecting high-pressure gas to the ore particles and a B injection unit (8) for injecting high-pressure gas to the ore particles; the blanking end of the belt conveyor A (1) is connected with the sorting box A (7); the lower end of the A separation box body (7) is respectively provided with an A concentrate tank (9), an A tailing tank (11) and a middling tank (10); the upper port of the middling tank (10) is positioned under the free blanking of the blanking end of the belt conveyor A (1), and the lower port of the middling tank (10) is connected with the crusher (25); wherein the spraying direction of the A spraying unit (6) is obliquely downward and is used for blowing concentrate particles into the A concentrate tank (9), and the spraying direction of the B spraying unit (8) is obliquely upward and is used for blowing tailing particles into the A tailing tank (11); a conveying belt of an A belt conveyor (1) for conveying ore particles to be sorted passes through the ray source box body (3); a conveying belt of a B belt conveyor (20) with a feeding end arranged below a material outlet on the lower layer screen passes through the microwave heating device (22) and then enters a B sorting box body (18); the lower end of the B separation box body (18) is respectively provided with a B concentrate groove (16) and a B tailing groove (17);
An E belt conveyor (13) is arranged below the blanking port of the undersize material of the lower-layer sieve and used for conveying the undersize material of the lower-layer sieve to a concentrate storage position;
The upper layer of the screen material is connected with a feeding port of the crusher (25) through a conveying belt.
4. A pre-mill ore grade pre-enrichment system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: and a C belt conveyor (12) is arranged below the lower port of the concentrate tank A (9) and used for conveying concentrate to a concentrate storage place.
5. A pre-mill ore grade pre-enrichment system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: and a D belt conveyor (23) is arranged below the lower port of the tailing tank A (11) and used for conveying tailings to a tailing storage place.
6. A pre-mill ore grade pre-enrichment system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: an F belt conveyor (14) is arranged below the B concentrate tank (16) and used for conveying concentrate particles to a concentrate storage place.
7. A pre-mill ore grade pre-enrichment system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: and a G belt conveyor (21) is arranged below the B tailing groove (17) and used for conveying tailing particles to a tailing storage place.
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