CN115283267B - Microwave heating sorting method based on mineral particle size identification and grading constant temperature - Google Patents
Microwave heating sorting method based on mineral particle size identification and grading constant temperature Download PDFInfo
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- CN115283267B CN115283267B CN202210944361.6A CN202210944361A CN115283267B CN 115283267 B CN115283267 B CN 115283267B CN 202210944361 A CN202210944361 A CN 202210944361A CN 115283267 B CN115283267 B CN 115283267B
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B15/00—Combinations of apparatus for separating solids from solids by dry methods applicable to bulk material, e.g. loose articles fit to be handled like bulk material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/02—Measures preceding sorting, e.g. arranging articles in a stream orientating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
- B07C5/361—Processing or control devices therefor, e.g. escort memory
Landscapes
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a microwave heating sorting method based on mineral particle size identification and grading constant temperature. And screening the crushed ore to obtain proper size fraction for microwave heating and sorting. On the basis of identifying the particle size of the particles suitable for sorting, the sorting temperature difference of different particle sizes is determined, and then sorting is carried out. The invention solves the problem of low waste disposal rate of conventional microwave heating ore sorting, and can improve the waste disposal rate by more than 15% under the condition of certain grade of waste disposal products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mineral microwave heating and sorting processes.
Background
In the field of mineral processing, the mined ore has low valuable metal content, improves the ore dressing grade, can reduce the energy consumption of a dressing plant, reduces the dressing production cost, and achieves the aim of throwing early. At present, the waste disposal process in the mineral separation field mainly comprises a heavy medium tail disposal process, a flotation tail disposal process, a magnetic separation tail disposal process, a microwave heating separation process and the like.
In the microwave heating and sorting process, mainly through screening ores, selecting a particle grade suitable for throwing waste for microwave heating, sorting the heated ores according to the temperature, enabling high-temperature minerals to enter concentrate products, and enabling low-temperature products to be waste rocks.
In the microwave heating sorting process in the prior art, after mineral particles meeting sorting conditions are heated, sorting is carried out only according to the heated temperature, and grading and temperature fixing are not carried out on the mineral particles with different particle sizes, so that the waste disposal yield is lower. For example, U.S. patent publication No. US8,820,533B 2 discloses a mineral separation method that physically separates mineral particles based on thermal imaging, low temperature particles as tailings, and high temperature particles as concentrate. Experiments show that when the grade of the waste throwing product is unchanged, the separation temperature difference of the minerals with small particle size is low, and the separation temperature difference of the minerals with large particle size is high. When sorting is performed according to the method, in order to ensure the grade of tailings, part of coarse-particle tailings enter concentrate products, so that the sorting waste rejection rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a microwave heating sorting method based on mineral particle size identification and grading constant temperature, and the aim of improving the tailing discarding rate under the condition that the tailing grade is unchanged is fulfilled by determining sorting temperature differences of different particle grades.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a microwave heating sorting method based on mineral particle size identification and grading constant temperature is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Screening mineral particles with the particle size of 5-50mm, wherein each 1-3mm is a particle size range, and classifying the mineral into different particle size groups;
(2) Respectively carrying out microwave heating on each grade group ore;
(3) Respectively reading the highest temperatures of the surfaces of mineral particles of different size fractions after microwave heating by using an infrared thermometer, and analyzing the lowest temperature of the mineral particles in each size fraction; in each particle size group, the difference value between the highest surface temperature of the non-lowest temperature particles and the highest surface temperature of the lowest temperature particles is a temperature difference; selecting a temperature difference corresponding to the cumulative yield of 75% (+/-2%), equally dividing mineral particles in the temperature difference range into N (N is more than or equal to 5) parts of products according to the isothermal difference, respectively marking the products as a sample 1 to a sample N, and marking the rest products as (N+1) parts of products and as a sample (N+1); counting the cumulative curves of different temperature difference mineral yields in each size fraction;
(4) Determining the sorting temperature difference of different particle fractions: respectively counting the yields of samples 1 to (N+1) in different size fraction groups, and assaying the gold grades of different samples; drawing a coordinate graph by taking the temperature difference as an abscissa and the accumulated gold grade of the waste product as an ordinate; determining a sorting temperature difference by adopting an interpolation method according to the coordinate graph;
(5) Identifying the particle size of the mineral particles by using computer software: after mixing and heating ores of different grain groups, sorting according to sorting temperature differences of the different grain groups: the mineral particles with the temperature difference higher than the separation temperature difference are concentrates, and the mineral particles with the temperature difference not higher than the separation temperature difference are tailings.
Preferably, 5-30mm is taken from 5-50mm in step (1).
Preferably, 1-3mm in step (1) is taken as 1-2mm.
Preferably, the microwave frequency is 915 MHz or 2450MHz, the microwave heating power is 10kW-200kW, and the heating time is 5 seconds-120 seconds.
The invention has the positive effects that: according to the method, on the basis of identifying the particle size of the ore subjected to microwave heating, the minerals with different particle sizes are graded and subjected to constant temperature, so that the waste disposal rate of the microwave heating separation is improved, and the purposes of reducing the treatment capacity of the ball mill of the concentrating mill and reducing the concentrating energy consumption are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plot showing cumulative yield change for mineral particles of different 5-7mm size fractions according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 2 is a graph showing the cumulative grade change of gold for a waste product with a size fraction of 5-7mm in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a plot showing cumulative yield change for mineral particles of different 5-7mm size fractions according to example two of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the cumulative grade change of gold for a waste product with a size fraction of 5-7mm in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below in connection with examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
The first step: crushing and screening gold ore, taking mineral particles with the particle size of 5-15mm for microwave heating and sorting, feeding the mineral particles with the particle size of less than 5mm into ore grinding operation, and returning the mineral particles with the particle size of more than 15mm to a crushing system to form closed-circuit crushing.
And a second step of: the method comprises the steps of screening 5-15mm mineral samples, wherein the particle size is more than or equal to 5mm and less than or equal to 7mm, the particle size is more than or equal to 7mm and less than or equal to 9mm, the particle size is more than or equal to 9mm and less than or equal to 11mm, the particle size is more than or equal to 11mm and less than or equal to 13mm, the particle size is more than or equal to 15mm, the number of mineral particles in each particle size is 2000, the mineral particles are used for determining the separation temperature difference, the 2000 particles are used in the third step to the fifth step, and the sixth step is used for separating all the particles meeting the condition of 5-15 mm.
And a third step of: the ores of five different size fractions are heated by microwaves, the microwave frequency is 2450MHz, the microwave heating power is 30kW, and the heating time is 30 seconds. The five size fraction groups employed the same microwave frequency, heating power and heating time.
Fourth step: and respectively reading the highest temperatures of the surfaces of the mineral particles of the five different size groups after microwave heating by using an infrared thermometer, and analyzing the lowest temperature of the mineral particles in each size group. The difference between the highest surface temperature of the non-lowest temperature particles and the highest surface temperature of the lowest temperature particles in each size fraction group is the temperature difference. Selecting a temperature difference corresponding to the cumulative yield of 75% (+/-2), equally dividing mineral particles in the temperature difference range into 5 parts of products according to isothermal difference, and taking the 6 th part of the rest products as the 6 th part of products. And counting the cumulative curves of different temperature difference mineral yields in each grade group.
For example, the maximum temperature difference in the 5-7mm fraction is 9.8deg.C and the cumulative yield versus temperature difference is shown in Table 1. The cumulative yield change for different temperature differential mineral particles is shown in figure 1.
Table 1: different temperature difference cumulative yield table for 5-7mm mineral particles
| Temperature difference/°c | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 9.8 |
| Cumulative yield/% | 13.57 | 34.43 | 53.68 | 65.32 | 75.06 | 100.00 |
From Table 1 and FIG. 1, it is clear that the cumulative yield of discard has reached 75.06% (obviously not as much as possible to discard) when the temperature difference is 2.5 ℃. In order to ensure that the gold grade in the waste product meets the requirement, mineral particles with the temperature difference not higher than 2.5 ℃ are divided into 5 products according to isothermal temperature. The temperature difference is not higher than 0.5 ℃ and is sample 1, the temperature difference of 0.5 ℃ and less than 1.0 ℃ and is sample 2,1.0 ℃ and less than 1.5 ℃ and is sample 3,1.5 ℃ and less than 2.0 ℃ and is sample 4,2.0 ℃ and less than 2.5 ℃ and is sample 5,2.5 ℃ and less than 9.8 ℃ and is sample 6.
Fifth step: and determining the sorting temperature difference of different particle fractions. (in the microwave heating separation, under the condition of a certain grade of waste disposal products, the temperature difference between the mineral distinguishing concentrate with small particle size and the tailings is low, and the temperature difference between the mineral distinguishing concentrate with large particle size and the tailings is high. And respectively counting the yields of the samples 1 to 6 in different grades and assaying the gold grades of different samples. For example, the yields and grades of samples of different temperature differentials in a 5-7mm size fraction set are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: analysis results of samples with different temperature differences of 5-7mm
| Sample name | Yield/% | Gold grade/(g.t) -1 ） | Cumulative gold grade/(g.t) -1 ） |
| Sample 1 | 13.57 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
| Sample 2 | 20.86 | 0.15 | 0.14 |
| Sample 3 | 19.25 | 0.26 | 0.18 |
| Sample 4 | 11.64 | 0.54 | 0.25 |
| Sample 5 | 9.74 | 1.98 | 0.47 |
| Sample 6 | 24.94 | 2.77 | 1.05 |
| Totalizing | 100.00 | 1.05 |
Description 1: in table 2, the relationship between the gold grade and the cumulative gold grade: 0.13g/t is the grade of sample 1, 0.15g/t is the grade of sample 2, 0.14g/t is the accumulated grade of sample 1 and sample 2, and the other is the same as the above
Description 2: in table 2, yield x gold grade = metal amount, one metal amount per sample, the sum of metal amounts 1 to 6 being the total metal amount, divided by the total metal amount by the total yield (100) to give the total grade of the sample.
And drawing a graph with the temperature difference as an abscissa and the accumulated gold grade of the waste product as an ordinate as shown in fig. 2.
The accumulated gold grade of the waste disposal product is determined to be 0.15g/t according to the gold grade of tailings in production. When the accumulated gold grade of the waste throwing product is 0.15g/t, the sorting temperature difference is determined to be 1.1 ℃ by adopting an interpolation method according to FIG. 2.
The separation temperature differences of all the fractions obtained in the same manner are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: sorting temperature difference of ores with different grain grades when waste gold throwing grade is 0.15g/t
| Size fraction/mm | Particle size of 5-7 | Particle size of 7 is less than or equal to 9 | Particle size of 9 < 11 | Particle size of 11 is less than or equal to 13 | 13Particle size less than or equal to 15 |
| Sorting temperature difference/°c | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 3.0 |
Sixth step: identifying the particle size of the mineral particles by using computer software: and (3) after mixing and heating the ores with different grades, sorting according to sorting temperature differences of the different grades. Such as: mineral particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 5mm and less than or equal to 7mm are sorted according to a sorting temperature difference of 1.1 ℃, mineral particles with the temperature difference of more than 1.1 ℃ are concentrates, and mineral particles with the temperature difference of not more than 1.1 ℃ are tailings. The other size fraction sorting method is the same as that of the size fraction.
When the gold ore is thrown to waste according to the sorting method of the embodiment, the operation waste throwing rate is 63.22% when the grade of the tailings gold is 0.15g/t.
Comparative example one
This comparative example is a comparative test of example one, and differs from example one in that the difference in the sorting temperature of the different fractions of the fifth step was not determined, and the identification of the mineral particle size of the sixth step was not performed. When the grade of the tailing gold is 0.15g/t, the operation waste disposal rate is 42.15%, and the waste disposal rate is 21.07% lower than that of the first embodiment.
Example two
The first step: crushing and screening underground mined lead-zinc ores, taking mineral particles with the particle size of 5-15mm, heating by microwaves, enabling the mineral particles with the particle size of less than 5mm to enter an ore grinding operation, and returning the mineral particles with the particle size of more than 15mm to a crushing system to form closed-circuit crushing.
And a second step of: the mineral sample with the grain size of 5-15mm is taken for screening and is divided into five grain size groups with the grain size of 5mm less than or equal to 7mm, the grain size of 7mm less than or equal to 9mm, the grain size of 9mm less than or equal to 11mm, the grain size of 11mm less than or equal to 13mm, the grain size of 13mm less than or equal to 15mm, and each grain size mineral particle is 2000.
And a third step of: the ores of five different size fractions are heated by microwaves, the microwave frequency is 2450MHz, the microwave heating power is 30kW, and the heating time is 40 seconds. The five fractions used the same microwave frequency, heating power and heating time.
Fourth step: and respectively reading the highest temperatures of the surfaces of the mineral particles of the five different size groups after microwave heating by using an infrared thermometer, and analyzing the lowest temperature of the mineral particles in each size group. The difference between the highest surface temperature of the non-lowest temperature particles and the highest surface temperature of the lowest temperature particles in each size fraction group is the temperature difference. Selecting a temperature difference corresponding to the cumulative yield of 75% (+/-2), equally dividing mineral particles in the temperature difference range into 5 parts of products according to isothermal difference, and taking the 6 th part of the rest products as the 6 th part of products. And counting the cumulative curves of different temperature difference mineral yields in each size fraction.
For example, the maximum temperature difference after heating in a 5-7mm size fraction set is 75.8 ℃, and the cumulative yield versus temperature difference is shown in Table 4. The cumulative yield change for different temperature differential mineral particles is shown in figure 3.
Table 4: different temperature difference cumulative yield table for 5-7mm mineral particles
| Temperature difference/°c | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 75.8 |
| Cumulative yield/% | 10.69 | 31.55 | 49.88 | 63.52 | 73.66 | 100.00 |
As can be seen from Table 4 and FIG. 3, the cumulative yield of discard reached 73.66% (obviously, it is not possible to discard as much) when the temperature difference was 5.0 ℃. In order to ensure that the gold grade in the waste product meets the requirement, mineral particles with the temperature difference not higher than 5.0 ℃ are divided into 5 products according to isothermal temperature. The temperature difference is no higher than 1.0 ℃ and the temperature difference is less than or equal to 2.0 ℃ and less than or equal to 1,1.0 ℃ and less than or equal to 2.0 ℃ and the temperature difference is less than or equal to 3.0 ℃ and less than or equal to 2,2.0 ℃ and the temperature difference is less than or equal to 4.0 ℃ and less than or equal to 3,3.0 ℃ and less than or equal to 4.0 ℃ and the temperature difference is less than or equal to 4,4.0 ℃ and less than or equal to 5.0 ℃ and the temperature difference is less than or equal to 5,5.0 ℃ and less than or equal to 75.8 ℃ and the temperature difference is less than or equal to 75.8 ℃ and less than or equal to 6.
Fifth step: and determining the sorting temperature difference of different particle fractions. And respectively counting the yields of the samples 1 to 6 in different size fractions and assaying the gold grades of different samples. For example, the yields and grades of samples with different temperature differences in 5-7mm fractions are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 analysis results of different sorting temperature difference samples
| Sample name | Yield/% | Grade of lead+zinc/% | Cumulative grade/% |
| Sample 1 | 10.69 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
| Sample 2 | 20.86 | 0.15 | 0.14 |
| Sample 3 | 18.33 | 0.24 | 0.18 |
| Sample 4 | 13.64 | 0.89 | 0.33 |
| Sample 5 | 10.14 | 3.35 | 0.75 |
| Sample 6 | 26.34 | 5.77 | 2.07 |
| Totalizing | 100.00 | 2.07 |
When the grade (lead+zinc) of the waste product is 0.20%, the sorting temperature difference is determined to be 3.1 ℃ by adopting an interpolation method according to fig. 4. Similarly, the sorting temperature differences for the other different fractions are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 sorting temperature difference of different size fraction ores at 0.20% waste disposal grade
| Size fraction/mm | Particle size of 5-7 | Particle size of 7 is less than or equal to 9 | Particle size of 9 < 11 | Particle size of 11 is less than or equal to 13 | Particle size of 13 to 15 |
| Sorting temperature difference/°c | 3.1 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 6.0 |
Sixth step: the mineral particles in production are identified by computer software and then sorted. Mineral particles with the particle size of 5-7mm are sorted according to a sorting temperature difference of 3.1 ℃, mineral particles with the temperature difference of higher than 3.1 ℃ are concentrate, mineral particles with the temperature difference of not higher than 3.1 ℃ are tailings, and other particle size sorting methods are the same as the particle size. When a certain lead-zinc ore is thrown waste according to the sorting method of the embodiment, when the tailing grade (lead and zinc) is 0.20%, the operation waste throwing rate is 33.56%.
Comparative example two
This comparative example is a comparative test of example two, and differs from example two in that the difference in the sorting temperature of the different fractions of the fifth step was not determined, and the identification of the mineral particle size of the sixth step was not performed. When the tailing grade (lead and zinc) is 0.20%, the operation waste rejection rate is 33.56%, and the waste rejection rate is 16.73% lower than that of the second embodiment.
Claims (4)
1. A microwave heating sorting method based on mineral particle size identification and grading constant temperature is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Screening mineral particles with the particle size of 5-50mm, wherein each 1-3mm is a particle size range, and classifying the mineral into different particle size groups;
(2) Respectively carrying out microwave heating on each grade group ore;
(3) Respectively reading the highest temperatures of the surfaces of mineral particles of different size fractions after microwave heating by using an infrared thermometer, and analyzing the lowest temperature of the mineral particles in each size fraction; in each particle size group, the difference value between the highest surface temperature of the non-lowest temperature particles and the highest surface temperature of the lowest temperature particles is a temperature difference; selecting a temperature difference corresponding to the cumulative yield of 73% -77%, equally dividing mineral particles in the temperature difference range into N products according to the isothermal difference, respectively marking the products as a sample 1 to a sample N, and marking the rest products as the (N+1) th product and the (N+1) th product as a sample N+1; counting the cumulative curves of different temperature difference mineral yields in each size fraction; wherein N is more than or equal to 5;
(4) Determining the sorting temperature difference of different particle fractions: respectively counting the yields of samples 1 to N+1 in different size fraction groups, and assaying the gold grades of different samples; drawing a coordinate graph by taking the temperature difference as an abscissa and the accumulated gold grade of the waste product as an ordinate; determining a sorting temperature difference by adopting an interpolation method according to the coordinate graph;
(5) Identifying the particle size of the mineral particles by using computer software: after mixing and heating ores of different grain groups, sorting according to sorting temperature differences of the different grain groups: the mineral particles with the temperature difference higher than the separation temperature difference are concentrates, and the mineral particles with the temperature difference not higher than the separation temperature difference are tailings.
2. The microwave heating sorting method based on mineral particle size identification and grading constant temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) taking 5-30mm from 5-50mm in the step (1).
3. The microwave heating sorting method based on mineral particle size identification and grading constant temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: 1-2mm is taken from 1-3mm in the step (1).
4. The method for sorting by microwave heating based on mineral particle size identification and classification and temperature setting according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the microwave frequency is 915 MHz or 2450MHz, the microwave heating power is 10kW-200kW, and the heating time is 5 seconds-120 seconds.
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